__

Mathematics 7
____________________________________________________________________________

Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 9
Division of Polynomials
Mathematics – Grade 7
Quarter 2 – Self-Learning Module 9: Division of Polynomials
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

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Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
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Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

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Mathematics 7
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 9
Division of Polynomials
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 7 Self-Learning Module on Division of

Polynomials!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the self-learning module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this self-
learning module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in this self-learning module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 7 Self-Learning Module on Division of

Polynomials!

This self-learning module was designed to provide you with fun and
meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being
an active learner.

This self-learning module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

1. Divide monomials.
2. Divide polynomial by monomial.
3. Divide polynomial by another polynomial.

PRETEST

Directions: Find the product of the following polynomials and choose the letter that
corresponds to the correct answer.

32𝑏5
1. The expression can be simplified as ______.
8𝑏2

A. 4𝑏 3 C. 4𝑏 2
4 𝑏3
B. D.
𝑏3 4

4𝑎−6
2. What is the simplified form of ?
2

A. 2𝑎 + 3 C. 3𝑎 − 2
B. 2 + 3𝑎 D. 2𝑎 − 3

3. What is the result when you divide (15𝑥 3 − 25𝑥 2 ) by 5𝑥 2 ?

A. 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 C. −3𝑥 + 5
B. 3𝑥 − 5 D. 3𝑥 + 5

4. What is the remainder of (𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 5) ÷ (𝑥 + 3)?

A. −2 C. 2
B. 8 D. −8

5. What is the quotient of (𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 18) and (𝑥 − 3)?

2
A. 𝑥 − 6 C. 𝑥 − 6 +
𝑥−3
B. 𝑥 + 6 D. 𝑥 2 + 6
 RECAP
Direction: Simplify each expression.

𝑥5 (−3)4
1. = 4. =
𝑥2 (−3)2

𝑎4 73
2. = 5. =
𝑎6 73

65 𝑏8
3. = 6. =
63 𝑏7

LESSON

Division of Polynomials

Division of polynomials are very similar to the procedure used when dividing
whole numbers. The only difference is that in division of polynomials we also deal
with the variables and exponents.

Division of Monomials

To simplify the quotient of two monomials, find the quotient of their numerical
coefficients, then find the quotient of their variables.

Examples:

Simplify each.

−18𝑎𝑏 −15𝑥 7 𝑥𝑦𝑧 −24𝑎4 𝑏5

a. b c. d.
3𝑏 3𝑥 4 𝑥𝑧 −4𝑎2 𝑏

Solutions:
−18𝑎𝑏 −18 𝑎 𝑏 𝑥𝑦𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
a. = ∙ c. =
3𝑏 3 𝑏 𝑥𝑧 𝑥 𝑧
𝑦
= −6 ∙ 𝑎 =
1

= −𝟔𝒂 =𝒚
 −15𝑥 7 −15 𝑥 7 −24𝑎4 𝑏5 −24 𝑎4 𝑏5
b. = ∙ d. = ∙
3𝑥 4 3 𝑥4 −4𝑎2 𝑏 −4 𝑎2 𝑏

= −5 ∙ 𝑥 7−4 = 6 ∙ 𝑎4−2 𝑏 5−1

= −𝟓𝒙𝟑 = 𝟔𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟒
Dividing a Polynomial by a Monomial

When a, b, and c are real numbers, and c is not equal to 0, then

𝒂+𝒃 𝒂 𝒃
= +
𝒄 𝒄 𝒄
To divide a polynomial by a monomial, divide each term of the polynomial by
the monomial and simplify the result.

Examples:

Find each quotient.

12𝑥 4 +18𝑥 2 24𝑥 6 +28𝑥 4 +20𝑥 3 −18𝑥 7 𝑦 6 −36𝑥 5 𝑦 8 +6𝑥 3 𝑦 10

a. b. c.
6𝑥 4𝑥 2 −6𝑥 4 𝑦 6
Solutions:

12𝑥 4 +18𝑥 2 12𝑥 4 18𝑥 2

a. = +
6𝑥 6𝑥 6𝑥
= 2𝑥 4−1 + 3𝑥 2−1

= 𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑𝒙
24𝑥 6 +28𝑥 4 +20𝑥 3 24𝑥 6 28𝑥 4 20𝑥 3
b. = + +
4𝑥 2 4𝑥 2 4𝑥 2 4𝑥 2
= 6𝑥 6−2 + 7𝑥 4−2 + 5𝑥 3−2
= 𝟔𝒙𝟒 + 𝟕𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙

−18𝑥 7 𝑦 6 −36𝑥 5 𝑦 8 +6𝑥 3 𝑦 10 −18𝑥 7 𝑦 6 36𝑥 5 𝑦 8 6𝑥 3 𝑦 10

c. = − 6 +
−6𝑥 4 𝑦 6 −6𝑥 4 𝑦 6 −6𝑥 4 𝑦 −6𝑥 4 𝑦 6

= 3𝑥 7−4 𝑦 6−6 + 6𝑥 5−4 𝑦 8−6 − 𝑥 3−4 𝑦10−6

𝟑
𝒚𝟒 𝟐
= 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟔𝒙𝒚 −
𝒙
Dividing polynomial by another polynomial

There are two ways to divide polynomials but we are going to concentrate on
the most common method which is the long division method. Long division helps
in breaking the division problem into a sequence of easier steps.

Here are the steps in dividing polynomials using the long division method.

Step 1: Make sure the polynomial is written in descending order. If any terms
are missing, use a zero to fill in the missing term (this will help with the
spacing).

Step 2: Divide the first term of the dividend by the first term of the divisor.
This gives the first term of the quotient.

Step 3: Multiply the divisor by the first term of the quotient.

Step 4: Subtract the product from the dividend then bring down the next term.
The difference and the next term will be the new dividend.

Note: Remember the rule in subtraction “change the sign of the subtrahend
then proceed to addition”.

Step 5: Repeat steps 2, 3 and 4 to find the second term of the quotient.

Step 6: Continue the process until a remainder is obtained. This can be zero
or is of lower index than the divisor.

If the divisor is a factor of the dividend, you will obtain a remainder

equal to zero. If the divisor is not a factor of the dividend, you will obtain a
remainder whose index is lower than the index of the divisor.

Example 1: Perform this long division: (𝑥 3 + 12 + 6𝑥 2 + 13𝑥) ÷ (𝑥 + 3)

Solution:

Arrange the indices in descending order

𝑥 3 +12+6𝑥 2 +13𝑥 𝑥 3 +6𝑥 2 +13𝑥+12

𝑥+3 𝑥−2

divisor dividend

𝑥 + 3√𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 + 12 Write the problem in long division format.

 𝒙𝟐
𝑥 + 3√𝑥 3 + 6𝑥22 + 13𝑥 + 12 Divide the leading term in the dividend, 𝑥 3
𝑥
by the leading term in the divisor, x. 𝑥 3 ÷ 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 .
This is the first term in the quotient.

𝑥 + 3√𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 + 12 Multiply the result 𝑥 2 by the divisor 𝑥 + 3 and

𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 write the result under the dividend,
𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 3) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2
𝑥2
𝑥 + 3√𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 + 12 Subtract the quantity 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 . To do this, add
- 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 its opposite. Then, bring down the next term of
𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟑𝒙 dividend, 13𝑥.

𝑥 2 + 𝟑𝒙
𝑥 + 3√𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 + 12 Divide the first term of the result, 3𝑥 2 by the
- 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 leading term in the divisor, 𝑥. 3𝑥 2 ÷ 𝑥 = 3𝑥.
3𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 This is the second term in the quotient.

𝑥 2 + 3𝑥
𝑥 + 3√𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 + 12 Multiply the result, 3𝑥 by the divisor 𝑥 + 3.
- 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 3𝑥 (𝑥 + 3) = 3𝑥 2 + 9𝑥.
3𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 Write the result under the dividend.
𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗𝒙

𝑥 2 + 3𝑥
𝑥 + 3√𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 + 12 Subtract the quantity 3𝑥 2 + 9𝑥. Then, bring down
- 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 the next term of dividend, 12.
3𝑥 2 + 13𝑥
- 3𝑥 2 + 9𝑥
𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐

𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 𝟒
𝑥 + 3√𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 + 12 Divide the first term of the result, 4𝑥 by the
- 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 leading term in the divisor, 𝑥. 4𝑥 ÷ 𝑥 = 4.
3𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 This is the third term in the quotient.
- 3𝑥 2 + 9𝑥
4𝑥 + 12
 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 4
𝑥 + 3√𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 + 12 Multiply the result, 4 by the divisor 𝑥 + 3.
- 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 4(𝑥 + 3) = 4𝑥 + 12.
3𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 Write the result under the dividend.
- 3𝑥 2 + 9𝑥
4𝑥 + 12
𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐

𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 4
𝑥 + 3√𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 + 12 Then subtract. The remainder is 0.
- 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2
3𝑥 2 + 13𝑥
- 3𝑥 2 + 9𝑥
4𝑥 + 12
- 4𝑥 + 12
0

In this case the remainder is 0. This means that 𝑥 + 3 is a factor of

𝑥 3 +12+6𝑥 2 +13𝑥
𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 13𝑥 + 12. Therefore,
3 2
= 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒
𝑥+3
Check the result using substitution in the following relation:

(divisor) ∙ (quotient) + remainder = dividend

(𝑥 + 3) ∙ (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒) + 0 = (𝑥 3 + 12 + 6𝑥 2 + 13𝑥)
Example 2: Perform this long division: (3𝑥 2 − 12 − 14𝑥) ÷ (𝑥 − 2)

Solution:
Arrange the indices in descending order

3𝑥 2 −12−14𝑥 3𝑥 2 −14𝑥−12
𝑥−2 𝑥−2

𝑥 − 2√3𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 − 12 Write the problem in long division format.

𝟑𝒙
𝑥− 2√3𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 − 12 Divide the leading term in the dividend, 3𝑥 2
by the leading term in the divisor, x. 3𝑥2 ÷ 𝑥 = 3𝑥.
This is the first term in the quotient.
 3𝑥
𝑥 − 2√3𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 − 12 Multiply the result 3𝑥 by the divisor 𝑥 − 2 and
𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 write the result under the dividend,
3𝑥 (𝑥 − 2) = 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥.

3𝑥
𝑥− 2√3𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 − 12 Subtract the quantity 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥. To do this, add
- 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 its opposite. Then, bring down the next term of
−𝟖𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐 dividend, -12.

3𝑥 − 𝟖
𝑥 − 2√3𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 − 12 Divide the first term of the result, −8𝑥 by the
- 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 leading term in the divisor, 𝑥. −8𝑥 ÷ 𝑥 = −8.
−8𝑥 − 12 This is the second term in the quotient.

3𝑥 − 8
𝑥− 2√3𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 − 12 Multiply the result, -8 by the divisor 𝑥 − 2.
- 3𝑥 − 6𝑥
2
−8(𝑥 − 2) = −8𝑥 + 16.
−8𝑥 − 12 Write the result under the dividend.
−𝟖𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔

3𝑥 − 8
𝑥 − 2√3𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 − 12 Then subtract. The remainder is -28. Do not
- 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 continue because the degree of the remainder is
−8𝑥 − 12 less than the degree of the divisor.
- (−8𝑥 + 16)
−𝟐𝟖
In this case the remainder is -28. This means that 𝑥 − 2 is not a factor of
3𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 − 12.
Summary:
The quotient is 3𝑥 − 8. The divisor is 𝑥 − 2
The remainder is −28. The dividend is 3𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 − 12.

The solution to a long division can be written in the form:

 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟
𝑄𝑢𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 +
𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟

3𝑥 2 −12−14𝑥 −𝟐𝟖 𝟐𝟖
Hence: = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟖 + 𝑜𝑟 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟖 −
𝑥−2 𝒙−𝟐 𝒙−𝟐

Check the result using substitution in the following relation:

(divisor) ∙ (quotient) + remainder = dividend
(𝑥 − 2) ∙ (𝟑𝒙 − 𝟖) + (−28) =(3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 16) + (−28)
= (3𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 − 12)
Example 3: Perform this long division: (𝑥 3 − 27) ÷ (𝑥 − 3)

This is a case where there is a missing power. If either the dividend or the
divisor has missing terms, it is helpful to write those terms with a zero coefficient.
Solution:

𝑥 − 3√𝑥 3 − 27 𝑥 − 3√𝑥 3 + 0𝑥 2 + 0𝑥 − 27

𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟗
𝑥 − 3√𝑥 3 + 0𝑥 2 + 0𝑥 − 27 The quotient is 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟗, and the remainder is 0.

- 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2
3𝑥 2 + 0𝑥 Check as follow:

- 3𝑥 2 − 9𝑥
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥2 + 3𝑥 + 9) + 0 = 𝑥3 + 3𝑥2 + 9𝑥 − 3𝑥2 − 9𝑥 − 27
9𝑥 − 27
= 𝑥 3 − 27
- 9𝑥 − 27
0

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!

Direction: Divide to find each quotient.

−8𝑐𝑑 3
1.
2𝑐𝑑
16𝑏−2𝑎𝑏
2.
2𝑏
 4𝑥+8𝑦
3.
2

15𝑥𝑦 2 −20𝑥 2 𝑦
4.
5𝑥𝑦

7𝑎3 𝑏2 −21𝑎2 𝑏3 +14𝑎𝑏4

5.
−7𝑎𝑏2

ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!

Direction: Supply the missing term in B that will make the division procedure in A
correct.

A B

a. −2𝑥
1 − 3 − 6
b. 6
𝑥 − 3ඥ6𝑥 3 − 19𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 6
− 6𝑥 3 − 2 c. 6𝑥 2

−𝑥 2 + 𝑥 d. 0

− 4 + 3𝑥 e. – 𝑥

5 +6 f. −2
− 2𝑥 + 7 g. 18𝑥 2
8 h. −𝑥 2

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!

Direction: Perform each division to find the quotient.

1. 𝑥 + 2√𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6 2. 𝑥 − 3√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 12

WRAP-UP

How to divide polynomials? What are the steps in dividing polynomials using
long division method?

VALUING

REFLECTION: (Journal Writing)

 When steps or procedures are properly followed, things work well just like how
you follow the steps in long division method. Obeying or following
steps/rules/procedures is very important to make tasks simpler, to ensure things
are done effectively, to eliminate confusion and to save time. As a student, what is
the importance of following steps/procedures? Write your answer in your notebook.

POSTTEST

Direction: Find the product of the following polynomials and choose the letter that
corresponds to the correct answer.

−18𝑥 8
1. The expression can be simplified as ______.
3𝑥 4
A. 6𝑥 4 C. −6𝑥 4
B. 4𝑥 6 D. −6𝑥 6

15𝑥 3
2. What is the simplified form of ?
30𝑥 2
𝑥 2
A. C.
2 𝑥
B. 2𝑥 D. 𝑥 2

3. What is the result when you divide (24𝑓 3 𝑔3 ) by (−4𝑓 4 𝑔)?

6 6𝑔
A. C.
𝑔 𝑓

−6𝑔2 𝑔𝑓
B. D.
𝑓 6

4. What is the remainder of (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 4) ÷ (𝑥 − 4)?

A. 4 C. 12

B. −4 D. −6

5. What is the quotient of (𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 26) and (𝑥 − 4)

2
A. 𝑥 + 7 C. 𝑥 − 7 +
𝑥−4
2
B. 𝑥 − 7 D. 𝑥 + 7 +
𝑥−4
 PRETEST
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. B
RECAP
1
1. 𝑥 3 2. 𝑜𝑟 𝑎−2 3. 36 4. 9 5. 1 6. 𝑏
𝑎2
ACTIVITY 11
1. −4𝑑 2 2. 8 − 𝑎 3. 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 4. 3𝑦 − 4𝑥 5. −𝑎2 + 3𝑎𝑏 − 2𝑏 2
ACTIVITY 2
1. c 5. a
2. g 6. f
3. e 7. b
4. h 8. d
ACTIVITY 3
1. 𝑥 + 3
2. 𝑥 + 4
POSTTEST
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. D
KEY TO CORRECTION
 References

Oronce, Orlando A. and Marilyn O. Mendoza. E-MATH 7. Revised Edition. Manila:

Rex Book Store Inc., 2015.

Oronce, Orlando A. and Marilyn O. Mendoza. E-MATH 1. Revised Edition. Manila:

Rex Book Store Inc., 2010.

Reyes, A. O. Math Power I (Elementary Algebra). Quezon: The Library Publishing

House, Inc., 2010.

Algebraic Long Division-An Introduction-Dividing Polynomials 2020,

https://mathematics.laerd.com/maths/algebraic-division-intro.php
(accessed August 1, 2020).

Long Division of Polynomials 2020,

https://www.mesacc.edu/~scotz47781/may120/notes/divide_poly/long_
division/long_division.html. (accessed August 1, 2020).

Polynomials-Long Division 2020,

https://www.mathisfun.com/algebra/polynomials-division-long.html.
(accessed August 1, 2020).