Assessment and Review Material

ASIAN STUDIES d. All of the above

Emergence of Warrior Organizations in North Asia
Correct answer: d. All of the above
1. What environmental factor shaped the history of the nomadic
culture of the steppes? Explanation: The peoples of the steppes often traded a variety of
a. Volcanic activity goods with agricultural villages. These goods included animal
b. Rainfall patterns flesh and furs, silk and lacquerware, as well as grain and war
c. Earthquakes captives.
d. Forest fires
5. What did the prizes taken by the peoples of the steppes during
Correct answer: b. Rainfall patterns raids include?
a. Jewelry and precious stones
Explanation: The history of the nomadic culture of the steppes b. Pottery and sculptures
has been shaped by rainfall patterns. Changes in climate, c. Wine and spices
including periods of cooling and droughts, influenced the d. Silk and war captives
availability of pastures for livestock herding, forcing nomads to
adapt and roam in search of new pastures. Correct answer: d. Silk and war captives

2. What kind of livestock did the people of the Inner Asian Explanation: The prizes taken by the peoples of the steppes
Steppe primarily herd? during raids included silk and war captives. These prizes were
a. Cattle and pigs distributed by chieftains to their loyal supporters.
b. Sheep and goats
c. Horses and camels 6. What is the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)?
d. Chickens and ducks a. A development project focused on building infrastructure in
central Asia
Correct answer: c. Horses and camels b. A trade route connecting China to India and the Middle East
c. A plan to increase exports for Chinese companies
Explanation: The people of the Inner Asian Steppe primarily d. All of the above
herded horses and camels. These animals were essential for
their mobile lifestyle and for protecting their herds from Correct answer: d. All of the above
predators.
Explanation: The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a development
3. What languages did the people of the Inner Asian Steppe project that focuses on building infrastructure, including
speak? highways, railroads, and energy pipelines, across central Asia. It
a. Chinese and Korean aims to connect China to various regions, such as Pakistan,
b. Turkic and Mongolic India, and Southeast Asia, and increase exports for Chinese
c. Sanskrit and Arabic companies.
d. English and Spanish
7. What are some concerns about the Belt and Road Initiative?
Correct answer: b. Turkic and Mongolic a. It may lead to an increase in Chinese political influence
b. It may result in countries incurring heavy debt to China
Explanation: The people of the Inner Asian Steppe spoke c. It may disregard human rights issues
languages unrelated to Chinese, such as Turkic and Mongolic. d. All of the above
Some groups, such as the Jie, may have even spoken Indo-
European tongues. Correct answer: d. All of the above

4. What were some of the goods that the peoples of the steppes Explanation: Some concerns about the Belt and Road Initiative
often traded with agricultural villages? include the potential increase in Chinese political influence, the
a. Animal flesh and furs possibility of countries incurring heavy debt to China, and
b. Silk and lacquerware concerns about human rights issues. Critics argue that the
c. Grain and war captives
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Assessment and Review Material
initiative may have imperialist tendencies and may not fully
consider the interests and rights of the participating nations.
8. How were nomadic societies in the steppes different from
other ancient cultures in terms of gender roles?
a. Women had more rights and freedoms
b. Men had more rights and privileges
c. There were no role and status differences between men and
women
d. None of the above
Correct answer: c. There were no role and status differences
between men and women
Explanation: Nomadic societies in the steppes had more gender
equality compared to many other ancient cultures. Role and
status differences between men and women were more muted,
and recent archaeological discoveries show evidence of women
engaging in horseback riding and combat skills.
9. What activity was central to nomadic culture and marked
transitions from child to adult?
a. Farming
b. Hunting
c. Fishing
d. Trading
Correct answer: b. Hunting
Explanation: Hunting was central to nomadic culture and marked
transitions from child to adult. It played a significant role in
nomadic rituals and provided education in martial arts needed for
war.
10. What advantage did the peoples of the steppes gain from
domesticating horses?
a. They became skilled horseback riders and hunters
b. They had a military advantage over their neighbors
c. They developed strong trade relationships with neighboring
civilizations
d. All of the above
Correct answer: d. All of the above
Explanation: The domestication of horses gave the peoples of
the steppes several advantages. They became skilled horseback
riders and hunters, had a military advantage over their
neighbors, and developed strong trade relationships with
neighboring civilizations.
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11. What innovations spread from the steppes to the rest of
Asia?
a. Chariots and cavalry warfare
b. Iron metallurgy and new weapons
c. Printing press and written scripts
d. Architecture and clothing design
Correct answer: a. Chariots and cavalry warfare
Explanation: Chariots and cavalry warfare were innovations that
spread from the steppes to the rest of Asia. These developments
had a significant impact on warfare and the military strategies of
various civilizations.
12. Who were the Xiongnu and what was their relationship with
China?
a. They were an agricultural civilization that traded with China
b. They were a nomadic confederation that sometimes traded
and sometimes raided China
c. They were a Chinese dynasty that ruled over the Xiongnu
people
d. They were a group of Chinese officials and soldiers who
defected to the Xiongnu
Correct answer: b. They were a nomadic confederation that
sometimes traded and sometimes raided China
Explanation: The Xiongnu were a nomadic confederation that
had a complex relationship with China. They sometimes
engaged in trade with China, exchanging horses for grain and
silk. At other times, they raided China and incited war,
constructing defense walls and exacting tribute from the
Chinese.
13. How did the Xiongnu and other nomadic groups acquire
political power in China?
a. By invading and conquering Chinese cities
b. By establishing trading relationships with China
c. By marrying into powerful Chinese families and becoming
vassals
d. By forming military alliances with Chinese dynasties
Correct answer: c. By marrying into powerful Chinese families
and becoming vassals
Explanation: The Xiongnu and other nomadic groups acquired
political power in China by marrying into powerful Chinese
families and becoming vassals. This allowed them to maintain
cultural ties and establish trade relationships with China while
also exerting military and political influence.
Assessment and Review Material
14. What impact did the chariot revolution have on steppe life?
a. It revolutionized steppe warfare and made nomads more
powerful
b. It brought about a decline in food production on the steppe
c. It led to the development of settled communities on the steppe
d. It had no significant impact on steppe culture
Correct answer: d. It had no significant impact on steppe culture
Explanation: The chariot revolution, although significant in other
regions, had no significant impact on steppe culture. Steppe
societies relied more on horses and cavalry warfare rather than
chariots.
15. What role did horses play in the cavalry revolution?
a. They provided a cheap source of food for nomads
b. They allowed nomadic societies to become more sedentary
c. They gave nomadic warriors a military advantage
d. They enabled nomads to trade with distant civilizations
Correct answer: c. They gave nomadic warriors a military
advantage
Explanation: Horses played a crucial role in the cavalry
revolution by giving nomadic warriors a significant military
advantage. Horseback riding and the ability to fight effectively on
horseback allowed nomadic societies to exert power and mobility
in warfare.
16. Who were the Khitan and what dynasty did they found?
a. They were a powerful nomadic group that founded the Liao
dynasty
b. They were Chinese officials who served under the Khitan
dynasty
c. They were warriors who overthrew the Xiongnu and
established the Northern Wei dynasty
d. They were a group of scholars who translated Chinese texts
into Khitan language
Correct answer: a. They were a powerful nomadic group that
founded the Liao dynasty
Explanation: The Khitan were a powerful nomadic group that
founded the Liao dynasty (907–1125). They had a significant
impact on the history of the steppes and established a
multiethnic empire.
17. How did the Xianbei rise to power and what dynasty did they
found?
a. They conquered northern China and established the Later
Zhao dynasty
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b. They formed alliances with Chinese dynasties and founded
the Han Zhao dynasty
c. They rebelled against the Xiongnu and founded the Northern
Wei dynasty
d. They migrated from southern Manchuria and founded the Liao
dynasty
Correct answer: c. They rebelled against the Xiongnu and
founded the Northern Wei dynasty
Explanation: The Xianbei rose to power by rebelling against the
Xiongnu and founded the Northern Wei dynasty (386–534 CE).
They were a nomadic group that exerted significant influence in
the steppes and beyond.
18. What invention revolutionized warfare on the steppes in the
9th and 8th centuries BCE?
a. The chariot
b. The stirrup
c. The longbow
d. The catapult
Correct answer: b. The stirrup
Explanation: The invention of the stirrup revolutionized warfare
on the steppes in the 9th and 8th centuries BCE. The stirrup
provided stability and allowed mounted warriors to engage in
more effective cavalry warfare.
19. Why did the military advantage of nomadism shift to the
northern steppes around 2000 BCE?
a. Horses were easier to raise in the north
b. Grasslands in the south became unsuitable for herding
c. Southern tribes lost the knowledge of horse-drawn chariot
warfare
d. Climate change made the southern grasslands inhospitable
Correct answer: a. Horses were easier to raise in the north
Explanation: The military advantage of nomadism shifted to the
northern steppes around 2000 BCE because horses were easier
to raise in the north. The availability of horses played a crucial
role in the mobility and military power of nomadic societies.
20. What was the impact of the cavalry revolution on sedentary
societies?
a. It made them more vulnerable to nomadic raids
b. It forced them to develop their own cavalry forces
c. It encouraged cultural exchange between sedentary and
nomadic groups
d. It led to the decline of sedentary civilizations on the steppe
Assessment and Review Material

Correct answer: c. It encouraged cultural exchange between

sedentary and nomadic groups

Explanation: The cavalry revolution had an impact on sedentary

societies by encouraging cultural exchange between sedentary
and nomadic groups. The mobility and power of nomadic cavalry
forces facilitated trade and interaction between these societies,
leading to the exchange of ideas, goods, and technologies.

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