Reviewer Social Studies

MODULE 10 (GUIDING PRINCIPLES IN TEACHING AP)

5 EFFECTIIVE TEACHING OF ARALING PANLIPUNAN

1.Meaningful 3. Value-based 5. Active

2.Integrative 4. Challenging

-Teaching AP is Meaningful -when students see the relevance and connection of their lives
because it has real-word application.

Teaching Ap is Integrative- subject itself is an integration of several interrelated disciplines it

integrates multiple intelligence

Teaching Ap is Value-Based- Its intended outcome the development of the mamayang

mapanagutan,makakalikasan ,makabansa at makatao

Teaching Ap is Active - is Hands-on-minds-on-hearts-on students work individually or

collaboratively.

Teaching Ap is Challenging- Learning task should neither be too easy to bore the students
nor too difficult to discourage them.

3 Level strategy Includes the teaching

Facts-level 1

Concepts- Level 2

Values- 3rd level

MODULE 12-14 APPROACH ,STRATEGY AND TECHNIQUES

2 TYPES OF TEACHING APPROACHES

1. Direct Approach- Directive, Deductive, Demonstrative

2. Indirect Guided Approach- Inductive, Exploratory, Reflective, Constructivism, Problem
solving, laboratory, Inquiry, and Metacognition

EXAMPLE OF TEACHING APPROACH

TEACHER CENTERED LEARNER CENTERED

SUBJECT-MATTERED CENTERED = LEARNER-CENTERED

TEACHER DOMINATED = INTERACTIVE

BANKING APPROACH = CONTRUCTIVIST

DISCIPLINAL = INTEGRATED

INDIVIDUALISTIC = COLLABORATIVE

INDIRECT,GUIDED = DIRECT

TEACHER-CENTERED APPROACH- Teacher is perceived to be the only reliable source of

information in the contrast to the learner-centered approach

LEARNER-CENTERED APPROACH- The learners is also an important resource because their

are capable to sharing something.

SUBJECT MATTER-CENTERED APPROACH- Gains primacy over that of the learner

TEACHER DOMINATED APPROACH- The teacher's voice heard in this approach, teacher also
sole dispense of information.

INTERACTIVE APPROACH- Students are given the opportunity to interact with teacher and
with other students

CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH- Students are expected to construct knowledge and meaning

out for what they are taught connecting them in prior experience.

BANKING APPROACH- The teacher deposits knowledge into the empty minds of students

INTEGRATED APPROACH- It makes the teacher connect what he/she teaches to other lesson
of the same subject he/she can used interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach to
connect the lesson to the same subject.

DISCIPLINAL APPROACH- It limits the teacher to discussing his/her lesson.

COLLABORATIVE APPROACH- It is the group work, teamwork, partnership, and group

discussion.

INDIVIDUAL APPROACH- In this approach students want to work by themselves.

DIRECT TEACHING APPROACH- Teacher directly tells or shows or demonstrate what is to be

taught.

INDIRECT APPROACH- The teacher guides the learners to discover new things for
themselves .
Other teaching approaches cited in education literature are:

Research-Based-Approach- the name implies ,teaching and learning are anchored or

research findings.

Whole-Child Approach- learning process itself takes into account not only the academic
needs of the learner but also their emotional, creative, psychological ,spiritual, and
developmental needs.

Metacognitive Approach- The teachings process brings the learner to process of thinking
about thinking.

Problem-Based-Approach- This approach implies the teaching-learning process is focused on

the problems of the learners

PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING : DIFFERENT METHODS

TEACHING APPROACH- It is a set of principles beliefs or ideas about the nature of learning.

TEACHING STRATEGY- Its a long term plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal.

TEACHING METHODS- It is a systematic way of doing somethings. It implies an orderly logical

arrangement of step. it is more procedural.

TEACHING TECHNIQUE- It is a well-defined procedure used to specific activity or task.

EXAMPLE OF TEACHING METHODS

DIRECT INSTRUCTIONAL/LECTURE METHOD- Is aimed at helping students acquire

procedural knowledge exercise in some performance task.

*STEPS OF THE DIRECT OR LECTURE METHOD

1. Provide the rationale

2. Demonstrate skills
3. Provide guided practice until mastery
4. check understanding or provide feedback
5. Provide extended practice
6. Assess learning at the end ( Summative test)

INSTRUCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

1. the strategy is teacher -directed

2. the emphasis is on the teaching or skill( each step should be mastered)
 3. Taught step-by-step fashion ,it ensure the learning of the entire procedure with no step
missed
4. Lesson objectives include easily observed behavior that can be measured.
5. this is form of learning through imitation, sometimes termed( behavioral modeling)
6. This can also be used to teach facts, principles and laws

TEACHING DECLARATIVE KNOWLEDGE

1.FACTS, PRICIPLES, LAWS- be sure always that you teach correctly , clearly, adequately
explained.

2.Use Visual Aids- to concretize abstract principles and laws

3.ILLUSTRATE LAWS AND PRINCIPLES WITH CONCRETE EXAMPLES

4.Present facts meaningfully by citing their significance and by connecting them with
everyday life.

DEMONSTRATION METHOD- As the name implies , teacher or assigned students or group

shows how process is done while the students become observer.

ADVANTAGES

Demonstrate method follow the systematic procedure

The use of expensive equipment and machines will be maximized
Possible wastage of time , effort and resources will avoided since the demonstration
is supposed to be well-planned in advance.
It will not result to trial and error
findings reliable and accurate since the procedure has been tried before.
the value of confidence is develop among the demonstrators for such hands-on
demonstration
Curiosity and keep observing ability are instilled among the observer

3.INDIRECT/GUIDED/EXPLORATORY APPROACH

INDIRECT INSTRUCTION METHOD - is best used when the learning process is inquiry-
based, the result is discovery and the learning context is a problem . This can come as
 Inquiry method/discovery method
Problem solving method
Project method

4.INQUIRY METHOD- We will never be able to help the learn if we tell them everything that
they need to know . in this approach provide them with opportunities to explore , inquire,
discover new learning.

STEP IN THE INQUIRY METHOD

Define the topic /or introduce the question

Guide students plan where and how they can gather data and new information.
Students present findings through graph, charts ,power point, models, writing

INQUIRY APPROACH- Predominantly allows some degree of freedom develops initiative

and divergent thinking.

5.PROBLEM SOLVING APPROACH- Its is teaching strategy that employ the scientific method
in searching for information.

5 basic step of scientific method or investigatory process are:

Sensing and defining the problem
Formulating hypothesis
Testing the likely hypothesis
Analysis , interpretation and evaluation of evidence
Formulating conclusion