Compact Actual iBT RC & LC 1본문

Actual
C o m p a c t
iBT
Reading & Listening
1
Actual
C o m p a c t
iBT
Reading & Listening
Compact
1
ACTUAL iBT Reading & Listening Book 1
Publisher Chung Kyudo
Editors Lee Dongho, Cho Sangik
Authors Darakwon TOEFL Research Team
Proofreader Michael A. Putlack
Designers Zo Hwayoun, Park Sunyoung
First published in May 2011

By Darakwon, Inc.
Darakwon Bldg., 211, Munbal-ro, Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do 413-120
Republic of Korea
Tel: 82-2-736-2031 (Ext. 250)
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Copyright © 2011 Darakwon, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,

stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the
prior written permission of the copyright owner.
Price ₩10,000
ISBN 978-89-277-0582-6 18740
978-89-277-0581-9 18740 (set)
www.darakwon.co.kr
Components Main Book / Answer Book / 1 MP3 CD

11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 13 14 15 16 17
Contents
• Introduction 6
• Actual Test 018
• Actual Test 0220

Introduction Reading Section
One of the most important standardized tests students of the English language may ever take is the TOEFL® iBT. The Reading section of each compact test consists of one full-length Reading passage followed by either
Because getting a high score on the test is so crucial, it is important to prepare for the test as much as possible thirteen or fourteen questions. Each passage covers a field that commonly occurs on the TOEFL® iBT.
prior to taking it. This includes fields such as history, archaeology, biology, and art.
That is the purpose of Compact Actual iBT Reading & Listening series. This book focuses on two of the four TOEFL iBT Reading
REVIEW HELP BACK NEXT
Actual Test 01
sections on the TOEFL® iBT: the Reading and Listening sections. These are arguably the two most difficult parts 1. The word quashed in the passage is closest in The Indian Rebellion of 1857
TOEFL iBT Reading
VIEW TEXT
meaning to
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was an uprising
of the TOEFL iBT. In both the Reading and the Listening sections, test takers will face passages and lectures
® A avoided
B crushed
C encouraged
against British authority in India. It began in May
1857 and concluded more than a year later in July
1858. It originated for a number of reasons. These
13. Directions: Select the appropriate sentences from the answer choices and match them to the cause
and effect of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 to which they relate. TWO of the answer choices will NOT
D rejected
be used. This question is worth 3 points.
included the way that the British ruled India, which
that cover a wide variety of topics. These include subjects in the arts, social sciences, physical sciences, and life 2. In paragraph 1, the author’s description of the
Indian Rebellion of 1857 mentions which of
they had colonized, through the British East India
Company, the manner in which the British utilized
Cause
(Select 3)
●
●
Indian natives in their military forces, and the
the following? ●
sciences. For that reason, a familiarity with many of these topics is crucial. So is having an extensive vocabulary that
complex social and religious nature of the people
A It was initiated and then led by some living in the Indian subcontinent. Additionally, the Effect ●
members of the Indian nobility.
remnants of the old nobility of India, which had (Select 2)
B The Indians had early successes but were ●
lost control when the British colonized the land,
soon defeated by the British.
includes knowledge of specialized words in each of the fields. Fortunately, Compact Actual iBT Reading & Listening
made a bid to regain power during the rebellion.
C The rebellion began right after the British Answer Choices
started to colonize India. While the rebellion was ultimately unsuccessful,
A The British government began directly E The British East India Company paid the
D There were several unique factors that by the time the British had quashed it, tens of
administering all of India. British government large amounts of money.
caused the rebellion to begin. thousands were dead, both sides had committed
provides exactly what students need. The Reading passages and Listening lectures cover many of the very topics
horrible atrocities, and the British East India B Taxes on the Indian population were raised F Many Indians disliked the way that they
Company had ceased to exist in India. to provide income for the British. were treated by their British rulers.
3. The word prevailing in the passage is closest
in meaning to During the middle of the 1800s, the British East C There was some tension between the Hindu G The British East India Company was
A winning India Company dominated India. To attain that and Muslim sepoys in the army. removed from power in India.
that often appear on the TOEFL iBT. In addition, the Listening conversations do the same: They cover topics that
® B compromising
C suing
D objecting
position, the company guaranteed the British
government an annual payment, which, by the
D A controversial new rifle that offended the
sepoys was introduced to the army.
mid-1800s, had risen to hundreds of thousands
frequently appear on the TOEFL® iBT, which can only serve to assist test takers when they sit for the actual test.
of pounds. This had become a heavy burden to Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong.
4. In paragraph 2, the author’s description of the the company, so it needed some new revenue To remove an answer choice, click on it. To review the passage, click on View Text.
British East India Tea Company mentions all of sources to make the payments and to maintain its
the following EXCEPT: power base. It did so mainly by raising taxes and
A It paid large sums of money to the British seizing the lands of Indian nobles who had died
government. without any male heirs. It was an Indian tradition
B It sometimes ignored important Indian
for a noble with no sons to adopt an heir, but the
traditions.
British East India Company ignored that custom
Compact Actual iBT Reading & Listening has been designed to be used both in the classroom and by test takers
C It held a position of strength and power in
and confiscated the lands instead. This created
India.
D It was founded in India during the mid-
feelings of ill will toward the British. The legal
1800s. system was also weighted heavily in favor of the
British, and most Indians believed that they had
working on an individual basis. Each compact test consists of one Reading passage, one Listening conversation, no chance of prevailing in any legal disputes with
British subjects. Many Indians also suspected
that the British were trying to convert the mostly
Hindu and Muslim populations to Christianity
and one Listening lecture. All three of them are the standard length of actual TOEFL® iBT passages, conversations, while simultaneously repressing Indian culture
and stealing precious gems, gold, and other
and lectures. In addition, they all have the same number of questions and the same types of questions that are 10
found on the actual test. By using this book, test takers will be more prepared for the test when they actually take it. Compact Actual iBT RC & LC Book110 10 2011.4.28 5:44:17 PM
13
Compact Actual iBT RC & LC Book113 13 2011.4.28 5:44:46 PM
This book, however, is merely a tool. Both students and teachers must make use of this tool in the best possible
manner so that test takers may do as well as possible when they take the TOEFL® iBT.
Listening Section
The Listening section of each compact test consists of one full-length Listening conversation followed by
five questions and one full-length Listening lecture followed by six questions. Each conversation concerns
About This Book either an office hours situation or a service situation whereas each lecture covers a topic that commonly
Compact Actual iBT Reading & Listening consists of ten units. Each unit consists of one compact test. A single occurs on the TOEFL® iBT. These topics are in the following four categories: arts, life sciences, physical
compact test contains one Reading passage, one Listening conversation, and one Listening lecture. The passage, sciences, and social sciences.
conversation, and lecture are followed by questions. These questions are of the same type and number that are
found on the TOEFL® iBT. TOEFL iBT Listening
VOLUME HELP OK NEXT
Actual Test 02
TOEFL iBT Listening
Conversation 1~5: Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a student VOLUME HELP OK NEXT
activities office employee. 02-02
In addition, the subjects of the passages in the Reading section are those that have all appeared on recent TOEFL ® 6. What aspect of lightning does the professor
mainly discuss?
9. Why does the professor tell the students about
the temperature on the sun’s surface?
A How hot it can become A To show that it is hotter than the average
iBT tests. As many topics on the TOEFL® iBT Reading section tend to repeat, this can be a great benefit to test B How it is created lightning bolt
C How it makes thunder B To compare it with the temperature of
D How it becomes visible lightning
C To respond to a question asked by a
takers. By familiarizing themselves with the topics, subject matter, and vocabulary used in the passages in the
student
D To explain why thunder can last for several
7. Why does the professor explain electrostatic
seconds
induction?
A To tell the students why lightning can reach
Reading section of each compact test, test takers can be more confident when they take the Reading section of the high temperatures
B To provide another name for the shock
wave that forms thunder
10. What will the professor probably do next?
A Assign the students some homework
C To describe one manner in which lightning B Show the students a short video
TOEFL® iBT. might be formed

D To discuss how lightning can occur in
volcanic ash clouds
C Continue her lecture on lightning
D Dismiss the class for the day
11. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer

8. What are step leaders? the question.
A Loud bursts of thunder What does the professor mean when she says
B Releases of air that is ionized this?
The same is true of the conversation and lectures in the Listening section. The Listening conversations contain C Positively charged particles
D Lightning formed in dust storms
A The class is going to end sometime soon.
B Understanding ionization is of little
importance.
C The students should study ionization on
situations that have appeared on recent TOEFL iBT tests while the Listening lectures are all on topics that have
® their own.
D She will discuss ionization in the next
class.
occurred recently as well. By familiarizing themselves with the topics, subject matter, situations, and vocabulary
used in the conversations and lectures, test takers can be more confident when they take the Listening section of
the TOEFL® iBT.
28
31
6 7
TOEFL iBT Reading
CONTINUE
Actual Test Reading

Section Directions
01 This section measures your ability to understand academic passages in English.
In this part, you will read 1 passage and answer reading comprehension questions
about the passage. Most questions are worth one point, but the last question is worth
more than one point. The directions indicate how many points you may receive.
Some passages include a word or phrase that is underlined in blue. Click on the word
or phrase to see a definition or an explanation.
When you want to move on to the next question, click on Next. You may skip
questions and go back to them later. If you want to return to previous questions, click
on Back. You can click on Review at any time and the review screen will show you
which questions you have answered and which you have not answered. From this
review screen, you may go directly to any question you have already seen in the
Reading section.
You may now begin the Reading section. You will read 1 reading passage. You will
have 20 minutes to read the passage and answer the questions.
Click on Continue to go on.
9
Actual Test 01
TOEFL iBT Reading TOEFL iBT Reading
REVIEW HELP BACK NEXT REVIEW HELP BACK NEXT
1. The word quashed in the passage is closest in The Indian Rebellion of 1857 5. According to paragraph 2, the British East commodities from the land.
meaning to India Company was able to increase its land
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was an uprising To some extent, many of these accusations
holdings in India because
A avoided against British authority in India. It began in May were factual in nature. Religion was a key issue
B crushed A many rich Indians donated parcels of land
1857 and concluded more than a year later in July and, ultimately, was the catalyst for the rebellion
C encouraged to the company
1858. It originated for a number of reasons. These by Indian military forces. In India, there were
D rejected B it appropriated land whenever some
included the way that the British ruled India, which Indians died with no heirs 200,000 native troops supported and led by
they had colonized, through the British East India C some Indians left the company much of 40,000 British soldiers, all of whom were under
2. In paragraph 1, the author’s description of the Company, the manner in which the British utilized their land when they died operational control of the British East India
Indian Rebellion of 1857 mentions which of Indian natives in their military forces, and the D it purchased land from some landowners Company. ▒ The native troops, called “sepoys,”
the following?
complex social and religious nature of the people who needed cash were a combination of Hindus and Muslims and
A It was initiated and then led by some living in the Indian subcontinent. Additionally, the were virtually all recruited from the higher castes
members of the Indian nobility.
remnants of the old nobility of India, which had 6. The author discusses sepoys in paragraph 3 of society. ▒ The stationing of soldiers from
B The Indians had early successes but were
lost control when the British colonized the land, in order to two religious groups in the same units caused
soon defeated by the British.
made a bid to regain power during the rebellion. A compare their abilities with those of British some tension. ▒ Other problems, such as low
C The rebellion began right after the British
started to colonize India. While the rebellion was ultimately unsuccessful, soldiers pay and slow promotions, were further causes of
D There were several unique factors that by the time the British had quashed it, tens of B mention how many of them were in the unhappiness among the sepoys. ▒ These factors
caused the rebellion to begin. thousands were dead, both sides had committed Indian army all came to a head when trouble started from an
horrible atrocities, and the British East India C describe their role in the Indian Rebellion
unexpected source in the spring of 1857.
Company had ceased to exist in India. of 1857
3. The word prevailing in the passage is closest That year, the British issued the sepoys new
D emphasize the religious nature of many
in meaning to During the middle of the 1800s, the British East soldiers muzzle-loading rifles. The bullets and gunpowder
A winning India Company dominated India. To attain that for the rifles were wrapped in paper, which formed
B compromising position, the company guaranteed the British a cartridge. The top of the cartridge had to be
7. In paragraph 4, which of the following is true
C suing government an annual payment, which, by the bitten off to be opened. Then, the gunpowder was
of the new muzzle-loading rifles?
D objecting mid-1800s, had risen to hundreds of thousands A They were designed to allow the weapons poured into the muzzle of the rifle, and the bullet
of pounds. This had become a heavy burden to to be loaded in an easy manner. was subsequently rammed into the muzzle to hold
4. In paragraph 2, the author’s description of the the company, so it needed some new revenue B They used grease from animals to let the the powder inside until the weapon was fired. The
British East India Company mentions all of the sources to make the payments and to maintain its bullets be loaded more quickly. paper and bullet were greased to enable the easy
following EXCEPT: power base. It did so mainly by raising taxes and C The bullets were loaded first, and then the ramming of the bullet. However, a rumor that the
A It paid large sums of money to the British seizing the lands of Indian nobles who had died gunpowder was added. British utilized animal fat to grease the cartridges
government. without any male heirs. It was an Indian tradition D The weapons were highly desired by the
spread. The touching of pig fat was taboo to the
B It sometimes ignored important Indian majority of the sepoys.
for a noble with no sons to adopt an heir, but the Muslim sepoys while the touching of cow fat was
traditions.
British East India Company ignored that custom forbidden to the Hindu sepoys.
C It held a position of strength and power in
and confiscated the lands instead. This created 8. The word retaliated in the passage is closest
India. in meaning to In the spring of 1857, a series of incidents
D It was founded in India during the mid-
feelings of ill will toward the British. The legal
concerning these cartridges led to the open
system was also weighted heavily in favor of the A recompensed
1800s. rebellion of the sepoys against British troops at
British, and most Indians believed that they had B reversed
C repudiated
Meerut on May 10, 1857. From there, the rebellion
no chance of prevailing in any legal disputes with
D reciprocated swiftly spread, and most of northern India was
British subjects. Many Indians also suspected
soon revolting against British rule. British soldiers
that the British were trying to convert the mostly
and civilians were besieged, captured, and, in
Hindu and Muslim populations to Christianity
some cases, massacred. The British retaliated
while simultaneously repressing Indian culture
in kind. It took a year of hard fighting, but the
and stealing precious gems, gold, and other
rebellion was crushed. The British government
10 11
Actual Test 01
VIEW TEXT
9. The word it in the passage refers to placed most of the blame for the rebellion on the 13. Directions: Select the appropriate sentences from the answer choices and match them to the cause
British East India Company, so it was disbanded, and effect of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 to which they relate. TWO of the answer choices will NOT
A a year of hard fighting
and the British crown—through civilian be used. This question is worth 3 points.
B the British government
C the blame for the rebellion administrators—took over the direct ruling of
Cause ●
D the British East India Company India. Still, the underlying causes of the rebellion
(Select 3) ●
did not entirely vanish. Nearly a century later,
10. In paragraph 5, the author implies that British the Indian people would again turn against their ●
soldiers British masters and, that time, would succeed in
Effect ●
getting the British to leave their country.
A could not bring all of the regions of India (Select 2) ●
under control
B were as violent as the Indians during the Glossary
rebellion Answer Choices
atrocity: an act of violence, often against a civilian
C maintained peace in India for more than a A The British government began directly E The British East India Company paid the
taboo: not allowed; not permitted
century administering all of India. British government large amounts of money.
massacre: to kill a large number of people
D ignored orders from their superiors to
B Taxes on the Indian population were raised F Many Indians disliked the way that they
massacre Indians
to provide income for the British. were treated by their British rulers.
11. According to paragraph 5, why did the British C There was some tension between the Hindu G The British East India Company was
East India Company stop operating in India? and Muslim sepoys in the army. removed from power in India.
A It lost too many men during the fighting to D A controversial new rifle that offended the
continue operating. sepoys was introduced to the army.
B The British thought it had been the main
cause of the rebellion.
Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong.
C It went bankrupt during the rebellion and
could not recover financially. To remove an answer choice, click on it. To review the passage, click on View Text.
D The British crown decided to take over the
company for itself.
12. Look at the four squares [ ▒ ] that indicate

where the following sentence could be added
to the passage.
After all, Muslims and Hindus frequently did
not get along well with one another.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [ ▒ ] to add the sentence to
the passage.
12 13
TOEFL iBT Listening
VOLUME HELP OK NEXT
01-01
Listening
Section Directions
This section measures your ability to understand conversations and lectures in English.
In this part, you will listen to 1 conversation and 1 lecture. You will hear the conversation
or lecture only one time. After the conversation or lecture, you will answer some
questions about it. The questions typically ask about the main idea and supporting
details. Some questions ask about a speaker’s purpose or attitude. Answer the
questions based on what is stated or implied by the speakers.
You may take notes while you listen. You may use your notes to help you answer the
questions. Your notes will not be scored.
If you need to change the volume while you listen, click on the Volume icon at the top
of the screen.
In some questions, you will see this icon: This means that you will hear, but not see,
part of the question.
Some of the questions have special directions. These directions appear in a gray box
on the screen.
Most questions are worth one point. If a question is worth more than one point, it will
have special directions that indicate how many points you can receive.
You must answer each question. After you answer, click on Next. Then click on OK to
confirm your answer and go on to the next question. After you click on OK, you cannot
return to previous questions.
A clock at the top of the screen will show you how much time is remaining. The clock
will not count down while you are listening. The clock will count down only while you are
answering the questions.
Now you may begin the Listening section.
15
Actual Test 01
TOEFL iBT Listening TOEFL iBT Listening
VOLUME HELP OK NEXT VOLUME HELP OK NEXT
Conversation 1~5: Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a professor.

1. Why does the student visit the professor? 4. What will the professor probably do next?
01-02
A To ask when the class will have a guest A Go to her next class
lecturer B Let the student borrow the audiotape
B To find out where to hear an audio C Give the student the class notes
recording D Pay a visit to the library
C To talk about a class that he failed to
attend
D To get the class notes for a recent lecture
5. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then
answer the question.
What can be inferred from the student’s
2. Why does the professor mention Terrance
response to the professor?
Witherspoon?
A The professor gives the students handouts
A To name one of the most important people
in most of her classes.
in music therapy
B The student is disappointed that the
B To tell the student who gave a lecture in
teacher has no handouts for him.
the class
C The student thinks the topic of the day’s
C To invite the student to enroll in his
class is somewhat strange.
upcoming class
D The professor expects the students to
D To encourage the student to listen to his
study her handouts for their tests.
lectures
3. What can be inferred about the student?

A He is discouraged by his recent record of
class attendance.
B He is excited to get to hear the lecture that
he missed.
C He wishes the professor had told him
about the assignment.
D He will watch the video recording as soon
as possible.
16 17
Actual Test 01
Lecture 6~11: Listen to part of a lecture in a zoology class. 01-03

6. What is the main topic of the lecture? 9. According to the professor, what is molting?
A The types of birds that have feathers A The period when birds lose some of their
B How birds use their feathers to fly feathers
C The uses of various kinds of feathers B The camouflage effect provided by birds’
D The importance of color in birds’ feathers feathers
C The ability of birds to take off and land
successfully
D The waterproof nature of birds’ feathers
7. How does the professor organize the
information about vaned feathers that she
presents to the class?
A By comparing the feathers on various
Zoology species of birds
B By referring to a journal article that she
the question.
What does the professor imply when she says
recently read this?
C By answering questions the students had A Down feathers mostly cover birds’ wings.
previously asked B Down feathers help keep birds warm.
D By showing slides of feathers and C Down feathers are useful for flight.
discussing their purposes
D Down feathers are larger than vaned
feathers.
8. Based on the information in the lecture,

indicate whether the statements refer to
remiges or rectrices.
the question.
Click in the correct box for each statement.
Why does the professor say this?
Remiges Rectrices A To provide the students with a definition of
a term
A Enable birds to steer
B To answer her own question about how
while they are flying
birds fly
B Include the longest C To explain the major uses of birds’ wings
feathers birds have
D To note the importance of flying to most
C Help birds slow down birds
and land safely
D Let birds move

themselves forward
18 19
TOEFL iBT Reading
CONTINUE
Actual Test Reading

Section Directions
Reading section.
21
Actual Test 02
1. The word obscure in the passage is closest in The Development of the Computer 5. According to paragraph 2, which of the engineer Konrad Zuse built the first of several
meaning to following is NOT true of Herman Hollerith? machines that relied on Alan Turing’s theories.
Computers are as ubiquitous as televisions
A obtuse and telephones nowadays, and the most A He worked together with Charles Babbage These machines are widely considered the first
B regarded on some early computers. modern computers. Zuse worked in Germany
modern ones are not only portable but can also
C unclear B He established the company known as during World War II, so most of his work, including
provide their users with a wealth of information
D dismissed International Business Machines. using computers to program guided missiles,
and entertainment from virtually anywhere on
C Some of the work he did concerned
the planet. This was not the case for the first concerned military matters. Meanwhile, the Allied
machines that used punch cards.
2. Which of the sentences below best expresses computers, which were massive machines with powers also worked on computers during the war.
D He built some machines that were able to
the essential information in the highlighted little computing power. The origins of the modern They used them on two vital projects: to make
make calculations.
sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer calculations for the American Manhattan Project,
computer lie several decades in the past, yet
choices change the meaning in important which was developing atomic weapons, and to
ways or leave out essential information. they are not so obscure that they cannot be 6. In paragraph 3, why does the author mention
determined. What began first as programmable break the secret codes utilized by the Germans
Konrad Zuse?
A Babbage came up with many ideas about and Japanese to communicate with their armed
computers that other people were able to machines transformed later into room-sized A To note his engineering contributions
computers designed to make calculations for forces. Thanks to computers, the time needed
turn into successful devices. during World War II
the military and then into the early personal to solve complex problems for both projects
B After Babbage managed to create B To focus on his ideas concerning Alan
a machine that actually worked, he computers developed in the 1970s. From those Turing’s theories decreased, which definitely helped end the war
was called “the father of the modern humble beginnings, the modern computer has C To criticize his work for Germany’s guided more quickly and in favor of the Allied powers. For
computer.” seen numerous advances. missile program instance, British code breakers, led by men such
C People recognize Babbage for his D To state that the first modern computer as Alan Turing, built what they called “bombes”
contributions to the modern computer In the middle of the nineteenth century, Charles was made by him to break German codes. These were enormous
even though he never made a working Babbage of Britain developed several ideas for machines that used vacuum tubes to make tens
machine. programmable machines that could perform
7. The word These in the passage refers to of thousands of calculations in a very short period
D The work that Babbage did managed to calculations based upon cards that had holes
A The Allied powers
of time. The Americans also built another huge
get him recognized as one of the leaders
punched in them. Despite never successfully vacuum tube computer to make calculations for
in computer technology. B British code breakers
completing any of the devices he designed, their atomic bombs.
C Bombes
Babbage is frequently referred to as “the father of
3. The word foresaw in the passage is closest in D German codes The major problems with these early computers
the modern computer” because of his pioneering
meaning to were their large sizes and reliance on vacuum
ideas and work. Unlike Babbage, one man who
A anticipated was able to make the technology work was 8. Which of the following can be inferred from tubes, which constantly broke down and had to
B guessed paragraph 3 about Konrad Zuse? be replaced. But, in the 1950s, transistors began
Herman Hollerith, an American. He took the idea
C guaranteed A He moved to the West after World War II to replace the vacuum tube. This development
of punch cards and developed machines that
D produced to continue working on computers. allowed for smaller and more reliable computers.
could calculate information from these cards.
B Some of his work was integral to the For the next twenty years, computers continually
Hollerith later formed the company that came
American atomic bomb project. became smaller yet more powerful. It was the
4. According to paragraph 2, Charles Babbage to be called International Business Machines,
C The work he did during World War II was
is called “the father of the modern computer” or IBM. Additionally, in the late 1930s, British development of the microprocessor chip that
because done to oppose the Allied powers.
mathematician Alan Turing announced his theory was the primary impetus for the creation of the
D Even though he worked for Germany, he
A he was the first person to design any kind of a Turing machine, which, while not a working, modern personal computer. Intel invented the
was morally against the war.
of programmable machine first microprocessor in the late 1960s, and it went
practical computing machine, foresaw many of
B it was his ideas that enabled other people on sale in 1971. This small, but powerful, device
the functions for which computers are used in the
to create modern computers enabled computers to shrink in size. Although
present.
C he built the first machine that could be
they were originally expensive, the costs of
considered a type of computer Like many other fields of technology, computers microprocessor chips soon declined, and thus the
D the company that he founded went on to received a boost during the 1940s when World modern personal computer revolution began.
make many types of computers
War II was being fought. In 1941, German
22 23
Actual Test 02
VIEW TEXT
9. In paragraph 3, the author’s description of There is much disagreement on what was 13. Why does the author mention the Xerox Alto?
the use of computers during World War II actually the first personal computer. During the A To declare that some people consider it to
mentions which of the following? 1970s, many computer companies developed be the first personal computer
A Computers were used to make machines that had some—but not all—aspects B To relate its importance in the
communications between the Allied of modern personal computers. The Xerox PARC development of the Windows operating
powers easier. system
Research Center in California made the first
B Computers were crucial in enabling the C To describe the various innovative
personal computer with a screen, keyboard,
Allied powers to emerge victorious in the technical features that it contained
war. mouse, and hard drive in 1973. This was the
D To emphasize the fact that it was made by
C Several computers were utilized by Xerox Alto, which is also notable for being the first
the Xerox PARC Research Center
scientists on the American Manhattan personal computer with a graphical user interface.
Project. This interface served as the basis for later
D Some computers were used to design versions of operating systems such as Microsoft’s
bombs with more effective guidance Windows. By the mid-1980s, personal computers 14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.
systems. were being found in offices, schools, and homes. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important
ideas of the passage. Some sentences do not belong because they express ideas that are not
With the explosion of the Internet in the 1990s,
presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
10. The word impetus in the passage is closest in owning and using personal computers became
meaning to regular activities for millions of people around the There were several developments that led to the creation of the modern computer.
A concept world.
B invention ●
C force Glossary ●
D notion
humble: modest; simple ●
vacuum tube: a tube with almost no air or gas in it and
11. The word they in the passage refers to which is often used for electronics
shrink: to become smaller
Answer Choices
A transistors
A The Turing machine was the creation of D Inventions such as the transistor and
B computers
Alan Turing, who also did important work microprocessor chip let computers become
C the costs
during World War II. much smaller in size.
D microprocessor chips
B Charles Babbage was never able to E It is generally agreed by people that the
construct a machine that would actually Xerox Alto was the first real personal
12. According to paragraph 4, how did transistors
work properly. computer ever made.
change modern computers?
A They enabled the prices of modern C Early machines that relied upon punch F During World War II, computers became
computers to decline. cards to make calculations were some of more developed as people worked on
B They combined with the microprocessor the first computers. various war projects.
chip to make faster computers.
C They decreased the amount of power that Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong.
computers required.
To remove an answer choice, click on it. To review the passage, click on View Text.
D They permitted people to create
computers that were smaller than before.
24 25
TOEFL iBT Listening
VOLUME HELP OK NEXT
02-01
Listening
Section Directions
of the screen.
on the screen.
27
Actual Test 02
Conversation 1~5: Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a student

1. What are the speakers mainly discussing? 4. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then
activities office employee. 02-02
A How to join one of the school’s existing
film clubs What is the purpose of the woman’s response?
B The student’s interest in running for A To show her enthusiasm for the student’s
president of a club project
C Where the film clubs on campus screen B To express doubt that the student’s idea
their movies will work
D The student’s desire to start a new club on C To encourage the student to form a book
campus club
D To state that the student has an original
idea
2. According to the student, what kinds of movies
will her club show?
A Black and white movies 5. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then
B Science fiction movies answer the question.
C Modern movies What does the woman imply when she says
D Blockbuster movies this?
A Doing paperwork is crucial to starting a
new club.
3. What is the employee’s attitude toward the B The student’s application will likely be
student? accepted.
A She feels that the student’s idea for a club C She has no interest in filling out papers for
is insufficient. the student.
B She praises the student for her D She wants her meeting with the student to
thoroughness. end soon.
C She is uncaring about the student’s idea
for a club.
D She compliments the student for signing
up early.
28 29
Actual Test 02
Lecture 6~11: Listen to part of a lecture in a meteorology class. 02-03

6. What aspect of lightning does the professor 9. Why does the professor tell the students about
mainly discuss? the temperature on the sun’s surface?
A How hot it can become A To show that it is hotter than the average
B How it is created lightning bolt
C How it makes thunder B To compare it with the temperature of
D How it becomes visible lightning
C To respond to a question asked by a
student
D To explain why thunder can last for several
7. Why does the professor explain electrostatic
seconds
induction?
A To tell the students why lightning can reach
Meteorology high temperatures
B To provide another name for the shock
wave that forms thunder A Assign the students some homework
C To describe one manner in which lightning B Show the students a short video
might be formed C Continue her lecture on lightning
D To discuss how lightning can occur in D Dismiss the class for the day
volcanic ash clouds

8. What are step leaders? the question.
A Loud bursts of thunder What does the professor mean when she says
B Releases of air that is ionized this?
C Positively charged particles A The class is going to end sometime soon.
D Lightning formed in dust storms B Understanding ionization is of little
importance.
C The students should study ionization on
their own.
D She will discuss ionization in the next
class.
30 31
TOEFL iBT Reading
CONTINUE
Actual Test Reading

Section Directions
Reading section.
33
Actual Test 03
1. The word divulge in the passage is closest in Dating Historical Objects 6. The word erroneous in the passage is closest could have caused fluctuations in the amount of
meaning to in meaning to carbon in the atmosphere in the past, thereby
When an object is extremely old, it is frequently
A reveal difficult to determine precisely when it was made. A disturbed making accurate determinations of dates difficult
B consider In some cases, certain clues, such as writing or B intermediate to attain. Additionally, different species of plants
C partake C precise absorb carbon-14 at varying rates, which can
other markings on the object as well as the style
D arrange D flawed make carbon-14 dating on the plants, in addition
and the materials it was made from, may divulge
information that can provide its age. However, to the animals and humans that consumed them,
2. In paragraph 1, the author’s description of these methods are not always able to ascertain 7. Which of the sentences below best expresses inaccurate. Environmental factors in the area
dating methods mentions all of the following the ages of large numbers of old objects. As a the essential information in the highlighted where an object is found can also play a role in
EXCEPT: sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer the accuracy of testing. Areas with a great deal of
result, experts have developed various tests,
choices change the meaning in important volcanic activity in particular can cause carbon-14
A Humans have learned a lot about the past including carbon-14 dating and potassium-argon ways or leave out essential information.
by using various dating methods. dating methods to be erroneous due to the high
dating, to examine the chemical compositions of
B They are sometimes not completely A These factors make this dating method amount of carbon found near such regions. All of
objects to establish their ages. While both dating effective for a period of time spanning
effective with objects that are very old. these factors result in dating that is not precise to
methods are limited in some ways, they have forty years.
C Carbon-14 dating is a more effective
still permitted researchers to expand mankind’s a specific year but which can be dated accurately
method than potassium-argon dating. B It took scientists forty years to discover
knowledge of the past. how to use the dating method more to a forty-year period.
D Scientists examine the physical makeup
of an object to learn how old it is. accurately. Another limitation of carbon-14 dating is that it
Carbon has three main isotopes: carbon-12,
C The dating method is most commonly
carbon-13, and carbon-14. The first two isotopes is useful only for objects less than 60,000 years
used on objects that are less than forty
3. The word they in the passage refers to are stable, but carbon-14 eventually decays and, old on account of the almost complete decay of
years old.
over time, transforms into nitrogen-14. Carbon-14 carbon-14 in anything older than that. This makes
A plants, animals, and humans D There are many factors involved in
B the carbon-14 isotopes is created when cosmic rays strike the upper determining the exact age of something it virtually impossible to date truly ancient items.
C scientists atmosphere and carbon and oxygen combine to from the past. Because of that, researchers rely upon another
D 5,730 years form carbon dioxide. This is absorbed by plants, method: potassium-argon dating. This dating
which, in turn, are consumed by animals and 8. According to paragraph 3, carbon-14 dating is method is useful for determining the ages of rocks
humans. When plants, animals, and humans die, limited because that are more than 100,000 years old and are
4. According to paragraph 2, which of the
following is true of carbon-14? the carbon-14 isotopes in them begin to decay at volcanic in origin. It tests volcanic rocks because,
A scientists are well aware of many of the
a fixed rate. Since scientists know that the half- Earth’s environmental factors when molten rocks reach a certain temperature,
A It is more common than any other isotope
of carbon. life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years, they can compare B cosmic rays sometimes affected volcanic any argon gas found within them is released.
B It is found in plants that are eaten by the rate of decay of the carbon-14 in an object to activity on the Earth Later, when the molten lava rapidly cools and
various life forms. C the testing method is effective only on hardens after being ejected by a volcano, the
the level of stable carbon-12 in the atmosphere,
C Humans are more likely to have it in them objects that are organic rocks become impermeable to argon. Therefore,
which enables them to estimate the age of a
than are plants. D there is not enough carbon in many parts no new argon from the atmosphere can enter
particular object.
D It takes almost 6,000 years for it to of the Earth’s atmosphere
the rocks. Most rocks also contain traces of
disappear completely. Nevertheless, carbon-14 dating has some potassium-40, which eventually decays and
limitations. For instance, it can only be used on 9. The author discusses potassium-argon dating
becomes argon-40. Since researchers know the
objects that are organic in nature, such as wood, in paragraph 4 in order to
5. The word fluctuations in the passage is half-life of the potassium-40 isotope and because
closest in meaning to charcoal, shells from marine life forms, animal A prove that it is more effective than
no new argon entered the rock after it cooled,
and human bones, and peat. Another problem carbon-14 dating
A disturbances by comparing the amount of potassium-40 to
with this dating method is that an historical record B explain how it can be used to date past
B continuations argon-40 in the rock, scientists can get a rough
volcanic activity
C distributions of how much carbon-14 and carbon-12 were estimate of the rock’s age.
C describe a dating method used on
D variations in the atmosphere does not exist. Changes in
extremely old objects Potassium-argon dating is not as accurate
cosmic ray intensity and Earth’s volcanic activity
D go into detail on the procedures involved
as carbon-14 dating, yet it is still a useful tool.
in that testing method
34 35
Actual Test 03
VIEW TEXT
10. The word impermeable in the passage is By dating the rocks located in the layers of 13. Directions: Select the appropriate statements from the answer choices and match them to the dating
closest in meaning to the Earth in which objects such as human and method to which they relate. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used. This question is worth 3
A filled animal remains are found, researchers can make points.
B resistant close estimates of the ages of the rocks and, by
Carbon-14 Dating Method ●
C comparable extension, the ages of other objects. The primary
(Select 3)
D exposed limitation of potassium-argon dating is that it can ●
only date objects found in regions that have a ●
11. In paragraph 4, which of the following can be history of volcanic activity. Still, with potassium-
inferred about potassium-argon dating? Potassium-Argon Dating Method ●
argon dating, rocks can be dated to more than
(Select 2) ●
A It requires more complex laboratory four billion years of age, which is almost as old as
equipment than the carbon-14 dating the Earth itself.
method. Answer Choices
B The sizes of the items that it is able A Is used by scientists to test how old the E Can only date objects between 60,000 and
Glossary
effectively to test must be fairly small. Earth actually is 100,000 years old
C It is only successful when the rocks that composition: the makeup of something
are being tested are in a molten state. isotope: a form of an element that has a different B Can be used on items that once contained F May be affected by cosmic rays that strike
number of neutrons than normal living matter the Earth
D It cannot be used on objects that may be
dated with the carbon-14 dating method. decay: to decompose; to change in form
C Is the less accurate of the two dating G Is used on rocks of a volcanic origin
methods
12. In paragraph 5, the author’s description of
D Provides results that are accurate to a time
potassium-argon dating mentions which of the
covering forty years
following?
A It can be used to test the remains of
various animals.
B Objects that are billions of years old can
be dated with it.
C A large number of scientists prefer it to
carbon-14 dating.
D Scientists can use it for all kinds of
different rocks.
36 37
TOEFL iBT Listening
VOLUME HELP OK NEXT
03-01
Listening
Section Directions
of the screen.
on the screen.
39
Actual Test 03

1. Why did the professor ask to see the student? 4. What will the student probably do next?
03-02
A To point out a mistake on her transcript A Visit the Economics Department
B To inquire about a class she intends to take B Return to her friends in the library
C To request that the student transfer to C Make a trip to her dormitory
another school D Photocopy her Western University
D To encourage the student to take a transcript
different class

2. What are the speakers mainly discussing? answer the question.
A The way a student can get a transfer credit What does the professor imply when he says
approved this?
B The student’s interest in a microeconomics A The microeconomics class has more than
class one prerequisite.
C The student’s desire to attend Western B The university made an error on the
University student’s transcript.
D A grade of the student’s that was recorded C The student should reconsider majoring in
incorrectly Economics.
D The student catalog may contain some
incorrect information.
3. What does the professor tell the student that
she needs to do?
Click on 2 answers.
A Fill out a form in the Economics
Department
B Submit her transcript to the professor
C Provide a copy of her transcript to a
secretary
D Give a description of the course to a
committee of professors
40 41
Actual Test 03
Lecture 6~11: Listen to part of a lecture in a literature class. 03-03

6. What is the lecture mainly about? 9. According to the professor, how did Pushkin
influence Russian writers who came after him?
A The most famous stories of Alexander
Pushkin Click on 2 answers.
B The life and influence of Alexander Pushkin A He wrote works that were similar to those
C The types of works that Alexander Pushkin of William Shakespeare.
composed B His stories contained characters that were
D The influence of Alexander Pushkin on the distinctly Russian.
Russian language C He created new words that helped
establish modern written Russian.
D He actively encouraged Russians to write
7. Why does the professor discuss Pushkin’s wife in Russian rather than in French.
Literature Natalya?
A To mention the reason why Pushkin was
exiled 10. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer
B To focus on Natalya’s influence on the question.
Pushkin’s writing What does the professor mean when he says
C To explain why Pushkin’s marriage was not this?
a happy one
A Pushkin was a leading force in some
D To talk about the events that led to
Russian revolutionary groups.
Pushkin’s death
B There were few radical movements during
Pushkin’s lifetime.
C Pushkin did not become an active member
8. Why does the professor explain the importance of any radical groups.
of French in Russian education? D It took years to convince Pushkin to join
A To stress how influential it was that Pushkin some revolutionary movements.
wrote in Russian
B To mention how unusual it was for Pushkin
to speak Russian fluently 11. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer
C To name some works of French literature the question.
influential in Russia
What does the professor imply when he says
D To praise Pushkin for breaking tradition
this?
and not writing in French
A He enjoys reading Pushkin’s works more
than any other writer’s.
B He believes that Pushkin was the greatest
writer in Russian.
C He learned Russian just to be able to read
Pushkin’s writing.
D He feels that people should only read
Pushkin in the original language.
42 43
TOEFL iBT Reading
CONTINUE
Actual Test Reading

Section Directions
Reading section.
45
Actual Test 04
1. The word exhumed in the passage is closest The Woolly Mammoth 6. Which of the sentences below best expresses over time, it adapted to the frigid climate. Woolly
in meaning to the essential information in the highlighted mammoths lived primarily in Europe and Asia as
The woolly mammoth was a gargantuan land
sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer well as across much of the land in modern-day
A transplanted mammal that dwelled in various northern regions choices change the meaning in important
B detected for tens of thousands of years. The elephant-like Alaska, Canada, and the northern United States.
ways or leave out essential information.
C unearthed In their fully evolved form, woolly mammoths first
species is currently extinct; however, the manner
A Earth endured many ice ages for hundreds
D reconstructed appeared around 400,000 B.C and then thrived
and place in which the woolly mammoth died has of thousands of years, and that was the
made it one of the best known and studied of all from that time until the last one died around
time period when the woolly mammoth
2. The word they in the passage refers to extinct animals. The reason is that many woolly dominated Earth’s surface. 1700 B.C. For a few hundred thousand years, the
mammoths died in frozen muddy riverbanks B Many woolly mammoths were able to northern part of Earth experienced a series of ice
A the remains of many animals
B Russia and other places and lakebeds, where their remains were well survive during the ice ages that caused ages that gave the woolly mammoth a distinct
much of the planet to be covered in snow advantage over other species because of its
C research facilities preserved. Thousands of years later, humans
for thousands of years. ability to survive in extremely cold temperatures.
D scientists discovered the remains of many animals in the
C Since the woolly mammoth was able to
frozen tundra of northern Siberia in Russia and handle living in cold weather, it had more It was around the end of the last major ice
3. According to paragraph 1, which of the other places. After being carefully exhumed and advantages over other animals during age when humans first appeared in woolly
following is NOT true of the woolly mammoth? then transported to research facilities, they have Earth’s numerous ice ages. mammoths’ territories. The shrinking of the ice
A Its home environment was in cold northern provided scientists with valuable insight into the D Some animals, such as the woolly fields and the pressure from growing numbers
locations. species and its environment. mammoth, became more prominent when of human hunters steadily pushed the woolly
B It frequently made its homes alongside
Earth underwent thousands of years of
In appearance, the woolly mammoth greatly mammoths into smaller regions. Between 40,000
riverbanks. severe ice ages.
resembled the modern-day elephant as it was and 14,000 B.C., enormous numbers of woolly
C Scientists have been able to learn much
comparable in size with the elephant and, mammoths died; they were either killed by
about it. 7. Which of the following can be inferred from
with a few exceptions, had a similar body hunters or succumbed to death by starvation
D No members of the species are presently paragraph 3 about the North African elephant?
shape. Concerning these exceptions, the due to limited food supplies. Eventually, only a
alive. A It was able to adapt to cold environments
woolly mammoth had much smaller ears than few were left alive on various islands in the Arctic
like the woolly mammoth.
the modern-day elephant, yet its tusks were Ocean. The last one is believed to have died on
4. The word pronounced in the passage is B More is known about it than about the
significantly larger and had a pronounced woolly mammoth. Wrangel Island sometime around 1700 B.C. When
closest in meaning to
curvature. Its body was also covered with thick, C It once lived in northern places such as some woolly mammoths died, they fell into rivers
A unique
shaggy hair that helped keep it warm in the cold Siberia and Alaska. or lake beds, where their bodies were covered
B marked
environments where it made its home and which D It has been a distinct species of animal for up. This prevented scavengers from consuming
C exquisite
millions of years. their remains, and the cold and mud combined
D random could grow up to one meter in length. Woolly
mammoths ate vegetation, mostly the short grass to preserve their organic matter for thousands of
that grew on the tundra. It is believed that they 8. Why does the author mention Wrangel Island? years.
5. According to paragraph 2, how did woolly
mammoths look different from modern-day used their enormous tusks to move layers of A It was a well-known breeding ground for Legends of huge hairy beasts existed in many
elephants? snow so that they could reach the grass growing the woolly mammoth. northern cultures long after woolly mammoths
underneath it. Like elephants, woolly mammoths B Some remains of woolly mammoths have became extinct. In Siberia, hunters and trappers
A They had tusks that were longer than
almost certainly traveled in herds and had a social been found there.
elephants. sometimes found tusks and bones on the ground
C It is one of the largest islands in the Arctic
B Their ears were larger than those of structure they adhered to. or just beneath its surface. ▒ They sold them
Ocean.
elephants. to traders, who were particularly interested in
It is generally accepted that woolly mammoths D That was where the last of the woolly
C They tended to be smaller in size than the ivory tusks. ▒ By the eighteenth century,
and other elephant species evolved from a mammoths died.
elephants. stories of these fossilized animals had reached
D They had much less hair on their bodies
common ancestor millions of years in the past.
Approximately four million years ago, the branch the ears of European scientists. ▒ At first, they
than elephants.
that became woolly mammoths broke off from the believed the remains were those of elephants
North African elephant and migrated north where, that had lived in the north during an age when
46 47
Actual Test 04
VIEW TEXT
9. The word consuming in the passage is closest the Earth had been warmer. ▒ But when some 13. Look at the four squares [ ▒ ] that indicate
in meaning to Siberians began finding fully intact woolly where the following sentence could be added
A despoiling mammoths with their skin, hair, bones, and to the passage.
B degrading internal organs all preserved, experts realized that The large sizes of the tusks made them
C devouring these animals were an entirely new species rather particularly valuable.
D devolving than elephants. Interestingly, a few modern- Where would the sentence best fit?
day researchers are not satisfied with studying Click on a square [ ▒ ] to add the sentence to
10. According to paragraph 4, one reason that the only the remains of these animals. Some have the passage.
woolly mammoth went extinct was that extracted woolly mammoth DNA from various
A the weather that most mammoths well-preserved specimens in the hope of being
preferred began to change able to clone a woolly mammoth by impregnating
B many of them were hunted and killed in a female elephant. It is their desire that, after
large numbers breeding several generations of hybrid woolly 14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.
C various diseases killed thousands of the mammoth-elephants, they can create a species Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important
mammoths ideas of the passage. Some sentences do not belong because they express ideas that are not
of animals as close to a genuine woolly mammoth
D humans intentionally starved most of them presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
as possible.
to death
While the woolly mammoth is no longer alive today, its unique body enabled it to thrive in the
Glossary frigid environment in which it lived.
11. According to paragraph 5, the tusks and
bones of many woolly mammoths gargantuan: extremely large; huge
tundra: a flat, treeless plain found in arctic areas
●
A were made of ivory, which was quite
shaggy: having long and rough hair ●
valuable
B were sold to people who extracted some ●
DNA
C were only found lying about the ground Answer Choices
D were discovered by hunters in parts of
A The remains of some woolly mammoths D Because they adapted so well during the
Siberia have been found in highly preserved states, various ice ages, woolly mammoths lived in
so scientists have extensively studied them. many northern areas.
12. According to paragraph 5, why have some
B Some scientists are considering the E The woolly mammoth went extinct due to
individuals extracted woolly mammoth DNA?
feasibility of cloning woolly mammoths to a number of factors, but the appearance of
A To conduct research on the animals’ recreate the species. man was a major reason.
genetic makeup
B To attempt to produce a woolly mammoth C Mammoths’ physical features, such as F For thousands of years, some cultures
clone their hair and tusks, facilitated their living in had stories and legends about enormous
C To inject some of the DNA into a full-
places with cold temperatures. elephant-like creatures that were probably
woolly mammoths.
grown elephant
D To compare the DNA with that of modern
elephants Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong.
48 49
TOEFL iBT Listening
VOLUME HELP OK NEXT
04-01
Listening
Section Directions
of the screen.
on the screen.
51
Actual Test 04
Conversation 1~5: Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a librarian.

1. Why does the student visit the librarian? 4. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then
04-02
A To inquire about checking out a book
B To show him a problem with a book What does the student mean when she says
C To have him photocopy a page from a this?
book A She wants the librarian to be patient and to
D To get him to find out where a book is listen to her.
B She has no interest at all in speaking with
Wayne.
2. Why does the student ask the librarian to look C Her problem is one that a reference
inside her book? librarian can solve.
D The librarian can likely solve her problem
A To prove that she has already checked out
very quickly.
the book
B To have him confirm a reference in the
book
C To let him see that parts of the book are 5. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then
unreadable answer the question.
D To show him that the book is missing a What does the student imply when she says
page this?
A The librarian is doing a good job of solving
her problem.
3. What will the student probably do next? B The school’s library has an insufficient
A Check out another book that she needs book collection.
B Give the librarian her personal information C She cannot visit any of the places the
librarian mentions.
C Contact someone at a library in New York
City D Her school is located somewhere close to
California.
D Send an email to the librarian
52 53
Actual Test 04
Lecture 6~11: Listen to part of a lecture in a physiology class. 04-03

6. According to the professor, when does systolic 9. What is hypotension?
blood pressure get measured?
A A hormonal problem in the body
A When the heart is contracting B Low blood pressure
B When the heart is relaxing C Another name for Addison’s disease
C When the heart is under stress D Severe dizziness
D When the heart is stimulated
10. Based on the information in the lecture,

7. What aspect of high blood pressure does the indicate whether the statements refer to high
professor mainly discuss? blood pressure or low blood pressure.
A The best ways for people to avoid getting Click in the correct box for each statement.
Physiology it
B Some of the negative effects it has on High Blood Low Blood
Pressure Pressure
people
A Is the less common of
C The importance of testing for it on a regular
the two conditions
basis
D Why doctors sometimes get incorrect B Is frequently caused by
readings hormonal problems
C Can be treated by
various medicines
8. Why does the professor mention lipids? D May happen because of
A To note that they are particles of a person’s lifestyle
cholesterol
B To state that they are the leading cause of
hypertension 11. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer
C To claim that they can lower a person’s the question.
blood pressure
D To say that they often block arteries in the
this?
body
A Most people fail to take good enough care
of their kidneys.
B Although the kidneys are little known, they
are important to people’s health.
C The kidneys are involved in the circulation
of the blood in the body.
D There are some arteries that go straight
from the heart to the kidneys.
54 55
TOEFL iBT Reading
CONTINUE
Actual Test Reading

Section Directions
Reading section.
57
Actual Test 05
1. The word convey in the passage is closest in Montage 5. The author’s description of Sergei Eisenstein newspaper that suddenly stopped as the camera
meaning to mentions all of the following EXCEPT: focused on the headline. In many cases, there
A film montage portrays a rapid sequence
A consider of events by using short snippets of film that A He came up with several methods on how was a rapid sequence of newspapers, all of which
B distract to use montages. provided headlines concerning events that had
often have limited or no dialogue but which
C respect B He directed some of his films during the happened and which provided crucial information
are accompanied by music. The purpose of
D express 1920s. that the audience needed to understand the plot.
a montage is to portray the passing of events
C He was the first person ever to use a
over time. These frequently pertain to the main Another type frequently utilized was the travel
montage in a film.
2. According to paragraph 1, the initial use of character of the story but may also simply montage. The characters’ journey was portrayed
D His montages were meant to send
montage was to show the occurring of certain events that by showing multiple images of them engaging in
messages to his audiences.
A pass on background information in a swift serve as background to the story. In addition, various activities in different places. There was
manner while montages were first intended to convey typically a map in the background showing the
6. Which of the sentences below best expresses
B give some sort of intellectual message to
intellectual messages to the viewing audience, for characters’ progress as they moved from place to
the essential information in the highlighted
the viewers place.
the most part, they are used in a different manner sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer
C show the audience how time was passing
by modern filmmakers. choices change the meaning in important Another standard use of montages in Hollywood
in the movie ways or leave out essential information.
D avoid using dialogue when showing Montages were first utilized in Soviet films in films was to build tension toward the climactic
A Eisenstein felt that, as a noted intellectual, moment. A rapid sequence of shots between
various scenes the 1920s, most particularly by director Sergei
his ideas on montage should be utilized
Eisenstein. He believed that a montage was a different characters and the showing of various
by directors making all kinds of films.
3. In paragraph 2, why does the author mention way to show the collision of images that would aspects of a single scene were used to build
B Movie directors making films in other
Sergei Eisenstein? transmit messages of an intellectual nature to countries often used montages in a variety tension. With the right music—and the right
the audience. For example, in one of his films, of different ways. events—a filmmaker could create a powerful
A To discuss his pioneering work on the use
of montage a group of striking workers is attacked by the C Despite being a noted cinematic moment. Arguably the greatest example of this
B To compare his usage of montage with police. Images of this event are interspersed intellectual, the montages that Eisenstein type of montage is the final gun duel between
that of other directors used were not effective in movies in other the three lead characters in Sergio Leone’s
with clips showing the killing of a bull. Eisenstein
C To describe some of the scenes in which places. 1966 film The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. The
intended for the message to be that the workers
he used montages D Eisenstein is widely regarded by historians
were being treated no better than animals in haunting music and the quick flashes between
D To mention his five basic methods for the of the cinema as one of the most
a slaughterhouse. He formulated a theory on the characters’ eyes, guns, and hands increase
use of montage intellectual of all movie directors.
montage that included five basic methods—all of the tension until it explodes in one of the best
which he employed in his works—for producing climaxes in movie history.
4. The word interspersed in the passage is 7. The word plot in the passage is closest in
them. meaning to Presently, montages are utilized in virtually
While Eisenstein is viewed as one of the A story all film genres in a number of ways. They are
A distributed
intellectual giants of the cinema, his notions about B character often included in the beginning title and end title
B combined
montage did not translate well to mainstream C theme sequences. Montages are used with especially
C interrupted
movie production in other nations. This was D paragraph powerful effects in many sports movies. For
D considered
particularly true of the Hollywood movies being instance, they frequently show training sequences
produced in the United States. When adapted as an athlete prepares for a big event. In the
by Hollywood directors, montages became 1976 film Rocky, a montage is used to show the
methods of showing the passage of time and underdog boxer Rocky Balboa as he trains for
events. Montages were primarily included as acts his upcoming fight against the champion Apollo
of continuity rather than as exercises intended to Creed. Prior to the start of the montage, Rocky
make the audience think. By the 1930s, montages was shown as being out of shape and was barely
had become common in Hollywood movies. even able to ascend a flight of stairs. But, during
One type of montage utilized a rapidly spinning the montage, he heroically transforms himself
58 59
Actual Test 05
VIEW TEXT
8. In paragraph 3, the author of the passage into a fit fighting machine. The entire sequence is 12. The word It in the passage refers to 13. According to paragraph 5, in the movie Rocky,
implies that Hollywood movies done with practically no dialogue but has uplifting the montage used was successful because
A The montage
A came to rely primarily on montages to tell music. It indicates to the audience that Rocky is B A fit fighting machine A it made the rest of the movie more
their stories a match for Apollo and that he has a chance of C The entire sequence believable to the audience
B were complimented by critics for the winning the title bout. Ultimately, Rocky loses, B it had music that inspired many members
D Uplifting music
montages they used yet without the montage, the audience would of the audience
C were employed in all Hollywood movies in C it showed the entire fight between Rocky
have found it difficult to believe that Rocky would
the 1930s Balboa and Apollo Creed
even have been able to last one round with the
D utilized montages in ways that Eisenstein D it was placed at the beginning of the
champion.
never did movie and ended quickly
Glossary
9. According to paragraph 3, which of the
following is true of montages in Hollywood snippet: a clip; a fragment; a short piece, often of a film
14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.
movies? haunting: memorable; poignant
Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important
A The montage of a spinning newspaper underdog: a person or team that is not expected to win
in a competition such as a sporting event
was adapted from Eisenstein’s movies. presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
B They were used to tell the majority of the
plot to some audiences. Montages are used to show the passing of events in a swift manner, but the message they are
C They were frequently used at the ends of intended to convey to the audience changes depending on the director.
movies during the credits.
D They were mostly used to show various ●
events that were occurring.
●
●
10. The author’s description of The Good, the
Bad, and the Ugly mentions which of the
following? Answer Choices
A It contained the first use of montage by a A In the movie Rocky, a montage is used to D Some directors use montages to increase
mainstream Hollywood movie. show Rocky Balboa training for his fight the tension in a movie, which can create an
B The climactic scene in the movie has an
against Apollo Creed. effective climax.
effective use of montage. B A large number of movies in the sports E Sergio Leone created perhaps the best
C It was a movie about the American West genre make use of montages to show montage in all filmdom during a gunfight in
directed by Sergio Leone. training sequences. his movie The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly.
D The montage it used was what made it a
world-famous movie. C Hollywood movies typically utilized F Sergei Eisenstein used montages in his
montages to provide background movies to send intellectual messages to the
information integral to the plot. audiences.
11. The word uplifting in the passage is closest in
meaning to
A fast-paced
B orchestral
C inspiring
D dramatic
60 61
TOEFL iBT Listening
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05-01
Listening
Section Directions
of the screen.
on the screen.
63
Actual Test 05

1. What are the speakers mainly discussing? 4. Why does the professor tell the student about
05-02
George MacDonald?
A The greatest authors of the nineteenth
century A To encourage the student to consider
B A paper that the student recently submitted doing her paper on him
C A lecture that the professor gave in a B To compare the importance of his works to
previous class those of Lewis Carroll
D An upcoming assignment that the student C To point out that he lived and wrote during
must do the nineteenth century
D To remind the student that they talked
about him in that day’s class
2. What can be inferred about the student?
A She is getting a good grade in the
5. What does the professor imply about C.S.
professor’s class.
Lewis?
B She studied with the professor in a
previous semester. A He trained together with George
C She is considering dropping the professor’s MacDonald.
class. B He wrote a large number of modern fairy
D She is conscientious about doing her tales.
schoolwork. C He was familiar with George MacDonald’s
works.
D His books are important to present-day
scholars.
3. What does the professor recommend that the
student read?
Click on 2 answers.
A Harry Potter
B The Chronicles of Narnia
C Alice in Wonderland
D The Princess and the Goblin
64 65
Actual Test 05
Lecture 6~11: Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class. 05-03

6. What is the lecture mainly about? 9. Based on the information in the lecture,
indicate whether the statements refer to a
A The characteristics of caecilians
frog’s tadpole stage or its metamorphic stage.
B The life cycle of a frog
C Some various species of amphibians Click in the correct box for each statement.
D The three main groups of amphibians
Tadpole Metamorphic
Stage Stage
A The tail gets absorbed
7. According to the professor, where do some by the body.
frogs lay their eggs?
B The frog exclusively
A In rivers uses gills to breathe.
B In oceans
Biology C In lakes
C The position of the eyes
changes.
D In streams
D The hind and front legs
develop.
8. How does the professor organize the

information about frogs that she presents to
the class? 10. Why does the professor tell the students about
how some amphibians are different from one
A By covering each stage of a frog’s life in
another?
detail
B By encouraging the students to ask her A To name some species of amphibians that
questions are unique
C By focusing on where the majority of frogs B To compare and contrast caecilians, newts,
live and frogs
D By going over a handout that she gave to C To make them realize that not all
the class amphibians are identical
D To explain how some amphibians breathe
through their skin

the question.
What can be inferred about the professor when
she says this?
A She is not interested in talking about
caecilians.
B She expects the students to know certain
facts.
C She wants the student to answer his own
question.
D She is surprised by the student’s response.
66 67
TOEFL iBT Reading
CONTINUE
Actual Test Reading

Section Directions
Reading section.
69
Actual Test 06
1. The word adequate in the passage is closest Fatal Familial Insomnia 6. The author’s description of the final stage of unable to speak. This stage can last for up to half
in meaning to fatal familial insomnia mentions which of the a year and always ends in death. Some secondary
Despite having conducted years of research,
following? symptoms are increased perspiration, heart rate,
A constant experts do not know exactly why sleep is
B apparent A It can result in a person looking much and blood pressure and the appearance of rapid
necessary for humans. What they do know,
C intermittent older than he or she is in reality. aging in a relatively short period of time.
however, is that without adequate sleep, a person
D sufficient B A person may endure the final stages of
will eventually die. This is evident in the extremely the disease for three years. The thalamus, a part of the brain, has been
rare disease known as fatal familial insomnia. C The weight that the person previously lost identified as the key to understanding fatal familial
2. The word it in the passage refers to Sufferers of this disease initially cannot nap, then is put back on during this stage. insomnia. Researchers have discovered that in
A the night cannot sleep throughout the night, and are finally D An individual loses all of his or her senses people with the disease, malformed proteins
B this disease unable to sleep at all. There are four major stages but remains able to speak. attack the thalamus, which damages it. Plaque
C the majority of this disease, and the majority of those who begins building up in the thalamus, causing it to
D its final stage have it die within six months of entering its final 7. The author discusses the thalamus in shut down. In some way not yet fully understood,
stage. As yet, no individual has survived more paragraph 4 in order to this protein plaque buildup interferes with the
3. According to paragraph 2, which of the than three years after contracting the disease. A describe its role in sending messages person’s ability to sleep. It may, however, be
following is true of fatal familial insomnia? While doctors and scientists are certain they know from the brain to the entire body related to the fact that the thalamus is a message
A There is a fifty percent chance of it its causes, they have still failed to find a cure for B mention that scientists have found out center that passes signals from the brain to the
affecting a person. it. why plaque may build up in it rest of the body. Scientists believe that, after
B Around forty people worldwide have C explain how it might be responsible for
Fatal familial insomnia is a genetic disease that many hours of constant activity, the thalamus
gotten the disease. causing fatal familial insomnia
gets passed on from one generation to the next becomes less efficient at transmitting messages,
C Children inherit the gene for it from their D stress that it is the key to preventing the
and has been discovered in approximately forty so it enters a stage in which it induces sleep. The
parents. transmission of fatal familial insomnia
families worldwide. Children have a fifty percent buildup of protein plaque, though, may prevent
D Most people with it begin to suffer in their
chance of developing the disease if one parent the thalamus from entering this stage and thereby
sixties. 8. The phrase interferes with in the passage is
has the mutated gene for fatal familial insomnia. keep the sufferer from falling asleep.
4. The word phobias in the passage is closest in Most victims begin to see signs of the disease in A bans One unfortunate aspect of fatal familial insomnia
meaning to their fifties although it can appear in some people B revokes is that it does not appear in most people until
A fears
when they are as young as thirty and as old as C impedes later in their lives, usually after they have already
B injuries sixty. D assaults had children. Therefore, carriers of the gene for
C symptoms Researchers have identified four distinct stages the disease often unwittingly pass it on to their
D spasms in the disease once it fully manifests itself in a 9. According to paragraph 4, some scientists progeny . Nevertheless, not everyone gets the
person. In the first stage, which lasts around study plaque in the thalamus because gene and the disease. One case study done on
5. The author’s description of the symptoms four months, the victim begins experiencing a an Italian family with the mutated gene present
A they want to explore its relationship with
of the first stage of fatal familial insomnia mild form of insomnia as well as paranoia, panic the entire brain determined that out of 228 relatives spanning six
mentions all of the following EXCEPT: attacks, and increased suffering from various B they think that the gene for fatal familial generations, twenty-nine people had the mutated
A The person is sometimes unable to get phobias. The second stage lasts for five months insomnia is found in it gene and the disease. Additionally, there are
any sleep. C they know that the plaque helps shut now tests that can determine the presence of
and sees the onset of severe insomnia along
B The sufferer is affected by certain phobias. down all of the brain’s functions the mutated gene in the body. This may pose a
with hallucinations and increasing panic attacks.
C The individual begins to see things that D they believe that it may be preventing dilemma for people who test positive for it: They
The third stage lasts for only three months and
are not real. people from sleeping may have to determine whether or not to have
marks the beginning of total insomnia. Its most
D The victim is liable suddenly to start to babies since their children would have a chance
obvious new symptom is rapid weight loss. The
panic.
final stage sees the sufferer experience complete of inheriting the gene.
dementia and an inability to respond to any Testing for the mutated gene at an early age
outside stimulus, including, eventually, being may be the only hope that potential carriers have
70 71
Actual Test 06
VIEW TEXT
10. The word progeny in the passage is closest in for receiving some form of treatment. At present, 14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.
meaning to researchers are developing gene replacement Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important
therapy. Some of them hope to be able to replace ideas of the passage. Some sentences do not belong because they express ideas that are not
A acquaintances
presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage This question is worth 2 points.
B descendants mutated genes in people with genetic diseases
C genes such as fatal familial insomnia. If the treatment Fatal familial insomnia is an extremely rare, yet deadly, genetic disease that causes its sufferers
D ancestors is effective, then the disease may eventually be to be unable to sleep.
eradicated from the bodies of those who have it.
11. Which of the following can be inferred from Then, in the future, those people and their children ●
paragraph 5 about fatal familial insomnia? will not have to worry about getting a good night’s ●
A It typically only affects people who are of sleep.
●
Italian descent.
B Only a small number of potential victims Glossary
inherit the gene for it. Answer Choices
hallucination: a sensation in which a person sees
C Scientists are close to developing a cure A While most people suffer from fatal familial D A person suffering from this disease is
something that does not actually exist
for the mutated gene that causes it. insomnia in their fifties, others get the unable to sleep, and this is what ultimately
malformed: deformed; misshapen
D Children who get the disease from their disease when they are much younger. brings about death.
dilemma: a serious problem; a quandary
parents come to resent them.
B The disease has four stages, all of which E The thalamus is the part of the brain that
become progressively worse until the victim sends instructions to the rest of the body
12. The word eradicated in the passage is closest eventually dies. concerning how to act.
in meaning to
C Scientists are trying to find a way to cure F The gene for fatal familial insomnia has
A understood fatal familial insomnia by using gene been found in a very small number of
B eliminated replacement therapy. families all around the world.
C healed
D transplanted
13. In paragraph 6, the author of the passage
implies that gene replacement therapy
A has successfully cured individuals with
fatal familial insomnia
B is a relatively new yet inexpensive type of
medical treatment
C should lead to a cure for fatal familial
insomnia within a decade
D may be an effective treatment for a
number of genetic diseases
72 73
TOEFL iBT Listening
VOLUME HELP OK NEXT
06-01
Listening
Section Directions
of the screen.
on the screen.
75
Actual Test 06
Conversation 1~5: Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a university

1. Why does the woman ask the student to talk 4. Why does the student talk about the Native
museum employee. 06-02
about his job duties? American artifacts at the museum?
A To try to get him to relax A To compare them with the works by
B To correct an error he made Picasso
C To answer his question B To note which gallery they are located in
D To compare his duties with hers C To say that there was little about them in
the brochures
D To comment that he does not know much
about them
2. What are the student’s job duties?
Click on 2 answers.
A To give tours to museum visitors 5. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then
B To answer questions visitors ask him answer the question.
C To monitor the security cameras
What can be inferred about the student when
D To watch over the museum’s visitors he says this?
A He is considering quitting his job.
B He thinks the woman is a good boss.
3. What can be inferred about the exhibits at the
C He feels nervous about his new job.
museum?
D He is eager to start working.
A Some of them are displayed for brief
periods of time.
B The museum does not own everything that
is on display.
C The ones related to archaeology are all
from the local area.
D The most expensive items on display are
the statues.
76 77
Actual Test 06
Lecture 6~11: Listen to part of a lecture in a history class. 06-03

6. According to the professor, how did Spain 9. Put the following events of the revolution in
become weak by the 1800s? Venezuela in the order in which they occurred.
A It lost most of its colonies to other Click in the correct box for each statement.
European powers.
B The Spanish king was assassinated by the Event Order
French. A Bolivar’s forces captured Caracas.
C The country could not find enough gold to
B Venezuelan rebels declared their
pay its debts.
independence from Spain.
D It lost many battles in Europe and in other
places. C Bolivar was exiled and had to
leave Venezuela.
History
D 10,000 Spanish troops were sent
7. Why does the professor discuss Gran to Venezuela.
Colombia?
A To discuss an objective that Bolivar never
successfully attained 10. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer
B To describe Bolivar’s activities after the question.
Venezuela became independent What does the professor mean when he says
C To show how violent Bolivar could be when this?
people opposed him
A Many Spaniards approved of Napoleon’s
D To explain the reason why South
brother’s right to rule.
Americans consider Bolivar a hero
B Napoleon desired to become the king of
Spain one day.
C Some Spanish colonists rejected
8. What does the professor imply about Gran Napoleon’s brother as king.
Colombia?
D Some Spaniards became colonists rather
A It failed as a state in the same year that than remain in Spain.
Bolivar died.
B It resisted several attacks by Spanish
soldiers. 11. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer
C It remained united for a period lasting the question.
several decades.
D It held elections for leaders in various parts
this?
of the country.
A Bolivar was deposed by some rebels at
one point.
B Bolivar used violence against some of the
other rebels.
C Bolivar excelled at coming up with battle
strategies.
D Bolivar always led his soldiers when they
went into battle.
78 79
TOEFL iBT Reading
CONTINUE
Actual Test Reading

Section Directions
Reading section.
81
Actual Test 07
1. According to paragraph 1, the balance of Controlling Wildfires 4. Which of the sentences below best expresses in Montana were a combination of low-rising fir
nature has been upset in parts of the western the essential information in the highlighted trees, which burned easily, and large, tall pine
Fire is one of nature’s ways of controlling
United States in that sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer trees, which had thick bark and were extremely
growth in forests while it simultaneously ensures choices change the meaning in important
A the forest fires that occur there happen fire resistant. Since most places averaged one
that certain trees reach maturity without being ways or leave out essential information.
much more regularly than before fire every ten years, there was not enough time
destroyed by the heat and flames. ▒ Yet human
B there are more intense forest fires there A Some of the strongest, most frequent,
activity has destroyed this balance in some for the fir trees and other smaller trees to grow to
now than there were in past years and most rapidly spreading forest fires
regions of the western United States. ▒ Due to great heights. Instead, they burned and died, but
C many of the forest fires that break out in the world broke out in the Bitterroot
a number of factors, this has led to a situation Mountains in the 1980s. many of their seeds were buried underground,
there may burn for several months at a
time in which present-day forest fires are of greater B Firefighters learned that sometimes it was subsequently germinated, and began growing
D entire regions have been devastated by intensity and duration than those that occurred impossible to put out fast-burning fires in again until the next cycle of fire came along.
numerous long-lasting forest fires the Bitterroot Mountains until rain began Meanwhile, the pine trees grew tall and strong
decades ago. ▒ As a result, it is expected that,
to fall on the flames. and provided a bulwark against forest fires; their
over the long term, there will be more frequent
C The forest fires in the Bitterroot Mountains
2. The word extinguish in the passage is closest and intense fires covering large areas of land. ▒ resistance to fire helped keep the fires from
in the 1980s happened quite often and
in meaning to spreading. Yet this changed when humans began
An example of this phenomenon can be seen in were unable to be extinguished except by
rain because they were so powerful. quenching the fires. Humans’ actions enabled the
A ignite
the forests of the Bitterroot Mountains, which are fir trees to grow to great heights, and they soon
B quench D Because of a number of reasons, fires in
located in Montana, a state in the western United grew rather densely alongside the pine trees.
C reduce the Bitterroot Mountains in the 1980s were
States. During the early part of the twentieth fast-burning and intense and happened
D thwart Because of that, when forest fires broke out
century, the services dedicated to fighting forest with increasing frequency.
fires made it their objective to extinguish all fires in the Montana forests in the 1980s, the flames
3. Why does the author mention World War II? as soon as they broke out. This, however, was climbed higher and higher into the branches of
5. The word they in the passage refers to
A To claim that most forest fires were difficult to accomplish until after World War II the tall fir trees. Flames were suddenly able to
ignored during that period of time A most places reach the crowns of both the firs and the pines.
ended in 1945. The reason for this was that, after
B To indicate when firefighting techniques B every ten years These fires burned so powerfully that sometimes
the war, the road network improved, which let
improved in the United States C the fir trees and other smaller trees
firefighters get to fires more easily, and surplus flames leapt hundreds of meters to other trees. In
C To state that more forest fires broke out D great heights
warplanes were utilized as water bombers. After some instances, virtual firestorms resulted, which
then than during other times caused the flames to spread so quickly that they
a few years, the goal of stopping fires almost as
D To comment that forest fires were never 6. The word germinated in the passage is closest
soon as they started was attained. There were no were impossible to stop without rainfall, nature’s
major problems until the war in meaning to
problems for several decades. Then, suddenly, in fire extinguisher.
A sprouted
the 1980s, the fires that broke out in the Bitterroot Another factor that contributed to the intensity
B planted
Mountains became more frequent and burned of the forest fires was the actions of logging
C flowered
with such intensity while spreading so rapidly that companies. These companies cut down the
D nourished
some of them simply could not be put out until biggest and best pine trees, which left the forests
enough rain fell on them. This trend continued bereft of the one tree that was highly resistant to
into the 1990s as well as the first decade of the 7. The word bulwark in the passage is closest in
fire. Additionally, the loggers usually chopped off
meaning to
twenty-first century. the branches of the trees they cut down and left
A reaction
The theory most commonly accepted by them on the forest floor. These branches acted
B extinguisher
forest fire experts was that, by extinguishing as kindling and enabled the rapid spread of fires
C objective
every forest fire so quickly in previous decades, caused by lightning.
D barricade
humans had upset the balance of nature in Because these fires were so strong, many
Montana’s forests. In the past, most forest fires homeowners living in Montana forests saw
were caused by lightning and burned a region of their houses go up in flames. Furthermore,
forest approximately every decade. The forests valuable stands of timber were also destroyed.
82 83
Actual Test 07
VIEW TEXT
8. According to paragraph 3, which of the Both individuals and logging companies have 12. According to paragraph 6, which of the 13. Look at the four squares [ ▒ ] that indicate
following is true of the forests of Montana? complained to the government and encouraged it following is NOT true of the results of the where the following sentence could be added
A Only one species comprised the majority to alter its policies. Yet government plans to allow intense forest fires in Montana? to the passage.
of the trees that grew in them. some small controlled fires to help restore the A People have urged the government to do This is true in places other than the U.S. as
B Forest fires in parts of the forests tended balance of nature have met with bitter opposition something about the fires. well.
to happen about every ten years. by some. Whatever happens in the future, one B The homes of many individuals have been
C The pine trees in the forests burned much
thing is for sure: There will still be forest fires. The consumed by the flames.
more easily than the fir trees. C Logging companies have lost millions of
question that remains to be answered is with how the passage.
D Authorities tried to put out all of the forest dollars in potential revenue.
much intensity they will burn.
fires in them to preserve tree growth. D Some individuals have spoken out against
the use of controlled fires.
Glossary
9. In paragraph 4, the author implies that forest
fires in Montana in the 1980s surplus: extra; left over
quench: to put out; to stop
A were unable to be stopped by firefighters 14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.
kindling: material, such as small pieces of wood, that
B caused a great amount of property Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important
are used to start fires
damage ideas of the passage. Some sentences do not belong because they express ideas that are not
C burned entire forests completely to the presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
ground
D killed large numbers of forest animals
Due to the previous policy of quickly extinguishing forest fires, the fires that burn in Montana
today are more intense and spread more rapidly than they did before.
10. The word bereft in the passage is closest in

●
meaning to
●
A deprived
B considerate ●
C aware
D full Answer Choices
A Nowadays, forest fires are so widespread D It was after World War II ended that putting
11. According to paragraph 5, logging companies and powerful than often only falling rain can out forest fires became an easier chore for
affected forest fires because stop them from spreading. firefighters to accomplish.
A some loggers working for them B There are many people who believe that E Logging companies have begun to lobby
accidentally started a few fires the government should employ controlled the government to change its policies on
B they cleared much of the undergrowth that burns to decrease the number of dangerous how to handle forest fires.
prohibited the spread of fires forest fires.
F By putting out forest fires quickly, the
C they did not cut down fir trees, so the fires
C Since fir trees suddenly began to grow balance of nature was upset, which has
could spread more quickly
higher, when forest fires started, this caused caused recent fires to be more severe.
D many of the trees that they cut down had
more parts of the forest to burn.
been able to resist fires

84 85
TOEFL iBT Listening
VOLUME HELP OK NEXT
07-01
Listening
Section Directions
of the screen.
on the screen.
87
Actual Test 07

1. Why did the teacher ask to see the student? 4. What is the professor’s opinion of the student?
07-02
A To talk about some research that she did A She thinks that the student needs to work
B To present her with a job offer harder.
C To ask about her ongoing work B She doubts the student’s excellent
D To discuss her class schedule reputation.
C She believes that the student does
outstanding work.
D She feels that the student should attend
2. What does the student imply about the seminar
graduate school.
she is taking?
A It lasts the longest of all of her classes.
B It is being taught by the professor.
C She is not learning very much in it.
D It can get somewhat boring at times.
Why does the student say this?
A To take the opportunity to decline the
professor’s job offer
3. What is the professor currently doing her
research on? B To give her congratulations to the professor
C To avoid answering the question the
A Whales
professor asked her
B Porpoises
D To imply that she knows what the professor
C Dolphins will ask her
D Sharks
88 89
Actual Test 07
Lecture 6~11: Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class. 07-03

6. What is the main topic of the lecture? 9. What will the professor probably do next?
A The importance of Birds of America in art A Show some pictures from Birds of America
B The life and work of John James Audubon B Continue to discuss Audubon’s illustrations
C John James Audubon’s interest in birds C Let the students take a break from class
D The process by which Birds of America D Ask a student to turn off the classroom
was published lights
7. According to the professor, how did Audubon 10. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer
get close views of the birds he drew? the question.
A He took photographs of many birds. What does the professor imply when she says
Art History B He hired people to stuff some birds for
him.
this?
A Audubon did not use a camera to take
C He relied on his memory of how the birds pictures of birds.
looked. B Audubon knew more about birds than
D He shot the birds and used them as anyone else in his time.
models. C Audubon drew pictures that were almost
as good as those of other artists.
D Her favorite illustrator of animals is
8. Why does the professor mention engraved Audubon.
copper plates?
A To explain the method that let Birds of
America be printed 11. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer
B To tell the students why Audubon needed the question.
an English publisher What can be inferred about the professor when
C To describe a new process invented for she says this?
publishing illustrations
A She feels that taxidermists do important
D To state why Audubon’s book was so
work.
expensive for buyers
B She dislikes even looking at any kind of
dead animals.
C She believes some students do not know
what a taxidermist is.
D She thinks that taxidermy is an
unnecessary profession today.
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TOEFL iBT Reading
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Actual Test Reading

Section Directions
Reading section.
93
Actual Test 08
1. According to paragraph 1, which of the Pulsars and Quasars 5. According to paragraph 2, a pulsar is created brightness. Because nothing—not even light—
following is NOT true of pulsars? because can escape from a black hole, it is theorized that
Two of the most unique phenomena in the
A They are typically found by astronomers at universe are pulsars and quasars. Yet despite the A a supernova causes a star located near it the energy emitted by the material drawn into
the center of a galaxy. to explode a black hole forms an accretion disc around it
similarities in their names and the fact that they
B They do not occur very frequently B a neutron star is formed after a star before the material enters the black hole. ▒ Since
are both rare and poorly understood, pulsars
anywhere in the universe. violently erupts the black hole at the center of a galaxy is believed
and quasars have only a few characteristics
C They are dissimilar from quasars in a C a star that has expended its hydrogen
in common. Pulsars are dead stars that emit to be of tremendous size, the accretion disc
variety of different ways. begins releasing radio waves
radio waves while quasars, which are created gives off massive amounts of energy, including
D Scientists still do not know a great deal of D the radiation from a dying star is suddenly
by the actions of a black hole at the center of a radio and light waves, which makes it incredibly
information about them. released
galaxy, are the brightest objects in the universe. luminous. ▒ There is an ongoing debate about
Additionally, the two are different in how they are whether or not quasars are stars; however, today,
2. The word aligned in the passage is closest in 6. The word it in the passage refers to
created, the amount of light and radio waves they most astronomers generally accept that they are
meaning to
A the energy merely masses of matter that radiate light and
A moving
emit, and the distances from Earth they are.
B a black hole surround the central black holes in galaxies. ▒
B perpendicular In 1967, two astronomers happened to discover C an accretion disc
Moreover, not every galaxy has a quasar because
C transposed pulsars completely by chance. As they were D the material
the material near the central black hole does not
D lined up observing the night sky, they noticed a source of give off enough electromagnetic energy. ▒ For
radio waves coming at regular intervals of once 7. The word luminous in the passage is closest instance, neither the Milky Way Galaxy , in which
3. Why does the author mention a lighthouse? a second. Soon afterward, astronomers began in meaning to Earth’s sun is found, nor the Andromeda Galaxy, a
A To explain the method scientists use to to discover more of these pulsating radio wave A large relatively close galaxy, has a quasar.
find pulsars sources, so they were aptly named pulsars. B radiant
B To prove that pulsars emit both light and Approximately 300 pulsars have been discovered Pulsars and quasars further differ with respect
C powerful
radiation since then. A pulsar is created when a star dies in to their ages. It is believed that quasars were
D radioactive
C To compare how it and a pulsar behave a massive supernova explosion. When this occurs, formed soon after the Big Bang, which likely
similarly a compacted core—called a neutron star— created the universe billions of years ago. Pulsars,
8. The author uses the Milky Way Galaxy as an
D To explain exactly what causes pulsars to however, may be created at any time. Quasars are
is left behind. A neutron star has an enormous example of
form also extremely distant from Earth—some are more
magnetic field, which gives off large amounts of A a galaxy with a super-massive central
electromagnetic radiation, including radio waves. than ten billion light years away—and are quickly
black hole
4. In paragraph 2, the author implies that pulsars If the poles of the neutron star are aligned toward moving away from Earth. As for the closest known
B the galaxy in which the planet Earth is
A can cause a star to explode in an Earth, every time it rotates, its radio waves can found pulsar to Earth, it is around 280 light years away.
enormous detonation be detected on Earth. Astronomers call this the C a galaxy that lacks a quasar in its center One of the similarities between pulsars and
B are more common in nearby galaxies than D the only galaxy known to support life
lighthouse effect because the radiation emitted quasars is that they can be detected in the same
in distant ones forms
by a neutron star resembles a lighthouse and its manner. Astronomers initially employed radio
C can send harmful radiation to solar
rotating beacon of light. telescopes to find both since they emit radio
systems throughout the galaxy
9. According to paragraph 4, which of the waves; however, because of the bright light given
D were not actively being sought when they A quasar, on the other hand, is a compact
following is true of quasars? off by quasars, an examination of the red shift in
were discovered region that surrounds the black hole at the
A They were created soon after the Big distant galaxies also shows if a quasar is present
center of a galaxy. Quasars are the brightest
Bang took place. or not. The red shift is a product of the Doppler
objects in the universe, yet, notwithstanding
B They may be located within 300 light years effect of light waves in which the color red is more
their brightness, they are too distant from Earth of Earth.
to be observed by all but the most powerful prominent in the light waves. A greater amount
C They are sometimes responsible for
telescopes. In fact, quasars are so bright that the of red light waves indicates that an object is
pulsars that form.
galaxies they are located in cannot be seen due moving away from Earth. The brightness of an
D They were the cause of the Big Bang that
to their glares. There is a reason for their extreme created the universe. object can also be determined by examining its
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Actual Test 08
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10. The word prominent in the passage is closest red shift. Until the last few decades though, it was 13. Directions: Select the appropriate statements from the answer choices and match them to the
in meaning to impossible actually to see any quasars. Only after phenomenon to which they relate. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used. This question is
large telescopes on Earth and the Hubble Space worth 3 points.
A restricted
B industrious Telescope, which is in Earth orbit, were made
Pulsar ●
C innovative have scientists been able to observe quasars in
(Select 2) ●
D noticeable distant galaxies.
Quasar ●
11. According to paragraph 5, how can Glossary
(Select 3) ●
astronomers detect quasars? pulsating: beating; throbbing
●
A They look for a red shift in the light waves accretion disc: a disc-shaped structure that is formed
of distant galaxies. of various materials and rotates a
B They focus on the Doppler shift in the light central body, such as a star or black Answer Choices
waves of various stars. hole
A Is located billions of light years away from E Is rapidly moving closer to Earth’s solar
C They search for radio waves that are given Big Bang: the event hypothesized to have occurred at Earth system
the beginning of the universe
off by pulsars.
B Is impossible to see except by special F Can be created when a supernova makes a
D They use telescopes based on Earth to
examine radio waves. telescopes neutron star
C Is most prominent in the Andromeda Galaxy G Is one located fewer than 300 light years
12. Look at the four squares [ ▒ ] that indicate away from Earth
D Forms around a black hole in the center of
where the following sentence could be added
a galaxy
to the passage.
This also means that the quasar, since it
surrounds the black hole, is huge. Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong.
the passage.
96 97
TOEFL iBT Listening
VOLUME HELP OK NEXT
08-01
Listening
Section Directions
of the screen.
on the screen.
99
Actual Test 08
Conversation 1~5: Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a theater

1. Why did the theater employee ask to speak 4. According to the theater employee, what
employee. 08-02
with the student? problems do they currently have?
A To complain about the price of one of Click on 2 answers.
Juliet’s outfits
A The students performing a Christopher
B To discuss the costumes for an upcoming Marlowe play took their costumes.
performance
B They need to adjust the sizes of some of
C To get some suggestions from the students the outfits the performers will wear.
D To encourage the student to increase the C They cannot find any of the fake swords
budget that some of the actors need.
D They have to get some outfits for Juliet to
wear for some of her scenes.
2. What does the theater employee imply about
Sandra?
A She needs to improve her acting skills. 5. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then
B She cannot fit into her clothes. answer the question.
C She will not attend tomorrow’s rehearsal. Why does the theater employee say this?
D She is playing the role of Juliet.
A To warn the student
B To attempt to make a joke
C To give the student a choice
3. What can be inferred about the student? D To make a comparison
A He is the director of the play.
B He works for the theater employee.
C He will be acting the part of Romeo.
D He is currently a sophomore.
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Actual Test 08
Lecture 6~11: Listen to part of a lecture in a geology class. 08-03

6. What aspect of rift valleys does the professor 9. What does the professor imply about the Mid-
mainly discuss? Atlantic Ridge?
A Their sizes A It stretches all the way from North America
B Their relationship with volcanoes to Europe.
C Their formation B Geologists are attempting to map its
D Their ages underwater rift valleys.
C The plates that formed it are moving away
from one another.
D It has a large number of active undersea
7. According to the professor, how are rift valleys
volcanoes.
formed?
A By the actions of tectonic forces
Geology B By erupting volcanoes
10. Why does the professor mention Iceland?
C By forces in the planet’s core
A To stress its proximity to North America
D By the movements of Earth’s oceans
and Europe
B To explain its connection with volcanoes
and rift valleys
8. Which of the following places are associated
C To state that it has more active volcanoes
with rift valleys?
than anywhere else
Click on 2 answers. D To encourage the students to find its
A Lake Baikal location in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
B The Pacific Ocean
C Lake Erie
D The Red Sea 11. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer
the question.
Why does the professor say this?
A To correct a student who misspoke
B To identify a specific place in Africa
C To point out something on a photograph
D To clarify a statement he just made
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TOEFL iBT Reading
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Actual Test Reading

Section Directions
Reading section.
105
Actual Test 09
1. The word pacifying in the passage is closest The Roman Bread and Circus 5. The author’s description of Juvenal mentions people’s more basic desires—their urges to have
in meaning to all of the following EXCEPT: full bellies and to be entertained. By providing
Rome was the capital of the Roman Empire,
A assuaging so the people living in it wielded a tremendous A His feelings on the Roman people free food and entertainment, men such as Julius
B amusing themselves Caesar were able to rule more easily as dictators.
amount of influence. During both the Roman
C employing B The title of the satirical work that he wrote
Republic and the Roman Empire, politicians The bread that was provided consisted both of
D apprehending C A famous phrase of his that described
and emperors were cognizant of the loyalties of grain, mostly corn, and cooking oil. Most of the
Roman life
Rome’s people and tried to maintain the favor of grain came from North Africa, particularly from
D The period of Roman rule during which he
2. According to paragraph 1, which of the the populace to ensure stability and peace. For the fertile fields of Egypt. Control of the fields,
lived
following is true of the Roman people? many years, this loyalty was willingly given by the shipping ports, and the storage facilities
A As soon as the Roman Republic began, the people to Rome’s best politicians, be they near Rome was therefore essential to sustaining
6. The word essential in the passage is closest in
they were bribed with bread and circuses. leaders of the republic or emperors. Nonetheless, meaning to political control. Regarding the games, there were
B They felt that the best leaders of Rome
over time, fewer citizens got involved in political various types of entertainment that were held
offered them the most entertainment. A desired
discourse, and the process itself became in huge arenas such as the Coliseum. Battles
C As time passed, fewer of them bothered B critical
corrupted. In order to achieve popular support, between gladiators were the most common
to get involved in the world of politics. C binding
both politicians and emperors began staging events. Sometimes, hundreds of gladiators
D They enjoyed watching politicians and D apparent
emperors compete against one another. extravagant forms of entertainment such as faced off against one another in mortal combat
circuses and games. Additionally, the denizens while other events featured gladiators fighting
7. The word persecuted in the passage is closest
of Rome were offered free food—mostly grain wild animals, including lions and tigers. The
3. The word He in the passage refers to in meaning to
and oil—which was imported to keep them fed Coliseum was even occasionally flooded with
A Juvenal A mistreated
and complacent. These attempts at pacifying the water so that mock naval battles could be staged.
B Nero B executed
people of Rome came to be known as “bread and Additionally, during the period when the Roman
C Caligula C enslaved
circuses.” Empire persecuted Christians, unarmed believers
D Domitian D exiled
One notable feature of Rome was that it was a were thrown to animals to be torn apart in front
highly literate society which produced numerous of thousands of cheering spectators. Not all of
4. In paragraph 2, which of the following can be 8. According to paragraph 3, which of the
outstanding orators, rhetoricians, and poets. the games were so violent though; chariot races
inferred about the Roman people? following is NOT true of the entertainment that
Among the greatest was the poet Juvenal, who the Romans staged in arenas? were an extremely popular form of entertainment
A Most of them read the works of Juvenal
was born around 55 A.D. and died in 130 A.D. as were displays of music, jugglers, exotic
and other writers of the republic. A It often pitted humans in various situations
Sometime around 100 A.D., while writing a against wild animals. animals, and acrobats that were similar to modern
B Civic duty appealed to them more during
the republic than during the empire. satirical work, Juvenal coined the phrase panem B It did not always involve fighting and was
circuses.
C They preferred the reigns of Nero and et circenses, which translates as “bread and sometimes not violent at all. Feeding thousands of people and staging
Caligula to that of Domitian. circuses.” Juvenal lived in the first century of the C It occasionally required large numbers of
violent games was expensive, and few politicians
D They lost interest in military affairs after Roman Empire, during which time such emperors people to fight one another.
could afford it. Those who did win favor with the
receiving food and entertainment. D It featured people involved in athletic
as Nero and Caligula had reigned with disastrous people, such as Julius Caesar , frequently drove
competitions such as running.
consequences and emperors such as Domitian themselves to bankruptcy. Caligula bankrupted
had been highly corrupt. He also noted that the entire empire because of the flamboyant
the citizens of Rome seemed to have lost their displays he commonly held. Yet when it came
sense of civic responsibility. During the Roman either to winning votes or to currying the favor
Republic, the citizens had exerted a powerful of the people, these men had no choice if they
influence in determining who held the high offices wanted to remain in power. This was especially
in Rome. However, in the first century B.C., men true during the final centuries of the empire,
such as Julius Caesar corrupted the republic and when emperors rarely reigned for more than a
abandoned this process. They appealed to the few years. Ultimately, it did not matter how much
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9. In paragraph 3, the author implies that some free food and entertainment were lavished upon 13. In paragraph 5, the author’s description of
gladiators the people. With barbarian hordes at the gates modern-day politicians mentions which of the
A were able to win their freedom and no of Rome, all the bread and circuses in the world following?
longer be slaves could not save the empire, and it was vanquished A Their methods of keeping their people
B revolted against Rome and led some slave by invading tribes in 476. happy are based upon Roman ideas.
rebellions B They are unable to rule in the same
C were killed in some of the battles that they
Still, bread and circuses did not cease to exist manner that Roman politicians once did.
fought in arenas following the downfall of Rome. Even today, C They sometimes turn to violence in order
D were Christians who were treated poorly politicians everywhere strive to appease the to keep their people complacent.
by the Romans people they rule, and there is no easier way to D Their desires to maintain law and order in
ensure this than to keep their citizens well fed their lands are understandable.
10. In paragraph 4, why does the author mention and entertained. As gladiatorial combat no longer
Julius Caesar? takes place, politicians instead resort to offers of
A To describe his financial situation as a free education and health care as well as other 14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.
result of holding games measures to maintain the complacency of their Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important
B To compare the way that he ruled Rome people. ideas of the passage. Some sentences do not belong because they express ideas that are not
to that of Caligula presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
C To note that he was concerned about Glossary
keeping the Romans satisfied In order to ensure that the Roman people were complacent, various leaders of the Roman
D To blame him partially for the eventual
rhetorician: a person skilled in the art of rhetoric; a Republic and the Roman Empire resorted to pleasing them with food and entertainment.
public speaker
downfall of the Roman Empire
gladiator: a slave in Roman times who fought in arenas
●
for the enjoyment of others
11. The word flamboyant in the passage is closest lavish: to bestow upon; to spend a great deal of money ●
in meaning to on a person or group ●
A exclusive
B violent Answer Choices
C showy
A There were numerous kinds of battles and D Emperors such as Nero, Caligula, and
D extended other forms of amusement that were put on Domitian were forced to bestow gifts upon
in the Roman Coliseum. the people due to the poor manner in which
12. According to paragraph 4, the Roman Empire they ruled.
B By amusing the people, Rome’s politicians
came to an end because
and emperors were able to stop them from E The lessons of Roman bread and circuses
A the expenditures on bread and circuses revolting against their rule. have been learned by modern politicians,
bankrupted the state who offer them to their constituents.
C The people of Rome were given both
B barbarians invaded the Roman Empire
and then defeated it free food, including grain and oil, and F Satirists like Juvenal harshly criticized the
entertainment of various natures. people of Rome for being so easily bribed
C there was a lack of continuity due to too
by the leaders of Rome.
many emperors ruling
D men like Caligula made the empire a
morally corrupt place Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong.
108 109
TOEFL iBT Listening
VOLUME HELP OK NEXT
09-01
Listening
Section Directions
of the screen.
on the screen.
111
Actual Test 09

1. Why does the student visit the professor? 4. What will the student probably do next?
09-02
A To ask him about a course that he needs A Call the school in France
to take B Look at a course catalog
B To find out how to apply for an academic C Sign up for his classes
scholarship D Complete the application form
C To go over his course of study with the
professor
D To tell the professor about his plans for the
next semester
What can be inferred about the professor when
he says this?
2. What does the student say about the program
that he has been accepted to? A He was aware that the student had applied
to a program.
A It is going to last for five months.
B He is disappointed to hear that the student
B All of his tuition will be paid for.
was accepted.
C He must speak fluent French for it.
C He already received an email concerning
D He must leave the country in one month. the student.
D He feels that the student deserved to be
accepted.
3. Why does the professor mention the Modern
English Literature course?
A To ask the student how his grades are in
that class
B To encourage the student to take it during
the current semester
C To remind the student that he cannot
graduate without taking it
D To let the student know that it will not be
offered until the next year
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Actual Test 09
Lecture 6~11: Listen to part of a lecture in a zoology class. 09-03

6. What is the lecture mainly about? 9. According to the professor, what allows an
albatross to glide better than other birds?
A The reproductive tendencies of the
albatross A Its large muscles
B How the albatross can soar so well B Its strong bones
C Where the albatross typically lives C Its oversized lungs
D The body structure of the albatross D Its reduced weight
7. Why does the professor explain the mating 10. What is the shape of an albatross’s wing?
habits of the albatross?
A It is straight.
A To explain why the albatross is endangered B It is curved.
Zoology in some regions
B To respond to a question that was asked in
C It is triangular-shaped.
D It is rectangular.
a previous class
C To compare them with the mating habits of
other birds
D To provide some background information
on the albatross A Talk about a different way that the
albatross can soar
B Discuss the physics involved in how the
albatross flies
8. Why does the professor tell the students to
C Focus on the shape of the wings of the
look in their textbooks?
albatross
A So that they can follow along as she reads
D Have the students begin a discussion on
from the book the albatross
B So that they can see some pictures of an
albatross’s insides
C So that they can look at the shape of an
albatross’s wings
D So that they can look at some photographs
of an albatross colony
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Actual Test Reading

Section Directions
Reading section.
117
Actual Test 10
1. The word ultimate in the passage is closest in Soviet Classical Architecture 5. Which of the sentences below best expresses was unique from the other stations. Some were
meaning to the essential information in the highlighted astounding in how ornate they were; frescoes,
Amidst the Moscow landscape of dull,
sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer marble sculptures, massive chandeliers, and
A final seemingly endless apartment complexes and choices change the meaning in important
B explanatory modern glass and steel structures, there are other ornaments adorned some stations, making
ways or leave out essential information.
C definitive the entire system one of the most beautiful in the
seven tall, impressive buildings that rise against
A There were many buildings that were
D largest world. When World War II began, the building of
the skyline. These buildings, often called the made in the Soviet Union during the time
Seven Sisters, are the ultimate example of the era new lines and stations slowed but did not halt. Yet
that Stalin was in charge.
2. The word them in the passage refers to of Soviet classical architecture. This period, which B Because of Stalin’s influence, a lot of
the war caused disruptions in the completing of
lasted from the 1930s to the 1950s, witnessed buildings were not made until he agreed other projects as maximum effort was focused on
A many exquisite subway stations
B his dreams the building of numerous great works of Soviet to their designs. defeating the Germans.
C the Khrushchev and Brezhnev eras C There was no one in the Soviet Union who
architecture, including many exquisite subway As a general rule during Soviet times, apartment
was more influential at any time than Stalin
D drab, lifeless buildings stations. The grand style of Soviet classical buildings were constructed according to which
was.
architecture was due in part to the vision of Soviet class of citizen was going to live in them. Party
D Joseph Stalin often contributed to the
3. In paragraph 1, the author of the passage leader Joseph Stalin, but, when he died, his designing of buildings when he was members, high-level bureaucrats, and high-
implies that Joseph Stalin dreams went with him. What followed during the running the Soviet Union. ranking military officers lived in relative luxury
A became the first leader of the Soviet Union Khrushchev and Brezhnev eras were drab, lifeless while common citizens had to make do with
after it was founded buildings that were a stark contrast to those 6. In paragraph 2, the author’s description of what was available. When World War II ended
B lived in one of the Seven Sisters for a constructed in the time before them. Soviet classical architecture mentions all of in 1945, much of the western part of the Soviet
short period of time the following EXCEPT: Union lay in ruins. A lack of housing was the
While the Soviet Union was founded in the
C was proud of his role in designing
early 1920s, what is considered to be Soviet A Some of it was influenced by the Art Deco biggest issue for millions of people—no matter
Moscow’s subway system
and Constructivist movements. what their class—in the Soviet Union’s bombed-
D played a major role in the development of classical architecture did not appear until the
B It stressed European styles much more out cities. Nevertheless, instead of focusing
Soviet architecture 1930s. Previously, Russian architecture had been
than it did Asian styles. on building housing for those made homeless
a convergence of Asian and European styles.
C It started during the 1920s and came to
But during the Soviet classical period, European by the war, Stalin dreamed of making Moscow
4. The word convergence in the passage is an end during the 1930s.
influences, particularly Neoclassicism, became an architectural wonder, so he instructed his
closest in meaning to D The opinion of Joseph Stalin was integral
more pronounced. Some Soviet architects were architects to begin the design and construction of
A union during this period of time.
influenced by contemporary styles such as Art projects such as the Seven Sisters. The erecting
B technique
Deco and Constructivism, yet diverging from the of those grandiose buildings started in 1947 and
C influence 7. The word ornate in the passage is closest in
norm was not encouraged during the Stalin Era, soon resulted in a lack of building materials for
D disparity meaning to
so there were few buildings with these styles other projects. Undeterred, Stalin made sure
A original
constructed. In fact, Stalin was so influential in that the project continued. When completed, the
B elaborate
the period during which he led the Soviet Union Seven Sisters added a great deal of residential
C expensive
that many of the building plans required his seal floor space to Moscow. However, each square
D outdated
of approval before they could be carried out. meter of floor space in them cost more than the
equivalent amount of floor space in smaller, less
During the pre-war period that ended in 1939, luxurious buildings.
the major project in Moscow, the Soviet Union’s
capital, was the construction of its subway After Stalin died in 1953, many of his ambitious
system. When finished, it became one of the plans took a backseat to the realities of the
greatest architectural feats of the Soviet period. devastation and destruction that still existed from
Construction started in the early 1930s, and the World War II. An acute housing shortage remained
first line was finished and promptly opened in the biggest problem, so endless blocks of similar-
1935. Each station was designed lavishly and looking apartment buildings began swiftly rising
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Actual Test 10
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8. In paragraph 3, the author’s description of the above the landscape. The Khrushchev and 12. The word Most in the passage refers to 13. According to paragraph 5, which of the
Moscow subway system mentions which of Brezhnev eras were noted for their dullness, following is true of the Khrushchev and
A The majority of the buildings
the following? and this was reflected in the apartments and Brezhnev eras?
B The architects
A Parts of it were destroyed by the Germans other buildings constructed during their times. A The designs for Moscow made by Stalin
C The individual units
during fighting in World War II. Moreover, the majority of the buildings were were followed during them.
D The realities of life
B Many of the stations were individually shoddily built, and the architects who designed B The quality of the buildings that were built
approved by Stalin before they opened. during them was low.
the individual units failed to take the realities of
C The first of Moscow’s subway lines took C More apartments than office buildings
life into account. Most had a single room that
more than five years to be built. were constructed during them.
doubled as a living room and bedroom, a small
D There were many different types of D They continued the tradition of making
decorations in each of the subway kitchen, and a tiny bathroom. Families, no matter
ornate buildings from the Stalin Era.
stations. how big they were, were forced to live in these
cramped quarters. It was decades later, after the
9. Why does the author mention Party members, Soviet Union came to an end in 1991, that living
conditions for most Russians improved even 14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.
high-level bureaucrats, and high-ranking
Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important
military officers? moderately.
A To blame them for the lack of construction presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
immediately after World War II Glossary
B To differentiate their housing from that of The period of Soviet classical architecture during the rule of Joseph Stalin saw many ornate
exquisite: beautiful; wonderful
other people in the Soviet Union buildings erected and was quite different from Soviet architecture after his death.
adorn: to decorate; to put decorations or ornaments on
C To declare that they suffered less than something
others after World War II ended ●
grandiose: ostentatious; overdone
D To claim that they were responsible for the
●
construction of the Seven Sisters
●
10. According to paragraph 4, the Soviet Union

ran out of building materials because Answer Choices
A construction on one of Stalin’s personal A After Stalin’s rule ended, most of the D Millions of people living in the Soviet Union
projects depleted the country’s supplies buildings that were erected were dull and were without housing when hostilities
had no special designs. ceased in World War II.
B the country was unable to get its factories
to produce enough to meet demand B A large number of apartment buildings were E The Seven Sisters were a personal project
C some countries could not export material made during the reigns of Khrushchev and of Stalin and added a large amount of
to the Soviets after the end of the war Brezhnev. residential floor space in Moscow.
D the country could not afford to purchase
many of the required construction supplies C Many of the subway stations that were built F Soviet architects from the 1930s to 1950s
during Stalin’s time were decorated rather focused more on European styles such as
elaborately. Neoclassicism.
11. The word acute in the passage is closest in
meaning to
A severe
B increasing
C discouraging
D problematic
120 121
TOEFL iBT Listening
VOLUME HELP OK NEXT
10-01
Listening
Section Directions
of the screen.
on the screen.
123
Actual Test 10
Conversation 1~5: Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a Registrar’s

1. Why does the student visit the Registrar’s 4. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then
office employee. 10-02
office? answer the question.
A To request a copy of her transcript What does the student imply when she says
B To apply to the school as a transfer student this?
C To find out how to take time off from A She enjoys her life as a student.
school B She is not allowed to change her flight.
D To describe a family problem she has C She is presently attending classes.
D She lives far away from the school.
2. Why is the student unable to get her transcript

that day?
A She does not have enough money to pay answer the question.
for it.
What can be inferred about the employee
B The office is unable to process it that when he says this?
quickly.
A He is giving the student a discount.
C She is not currently enrolled as a student
at the school. B He has experience working at a bank.
D The office is getting ready to close for the C He is used to charging for various services.
day. D He expects to be paid immediately.
3. What can be inferred about the student’s

application to the school?
A It is due soon.
B It has been accepted.
C It is complete.
D It needs a letter of reference.
124 125
Actual Test 10
Lecture 6~11: Listen to part of a lecture in a sociology class. 10-03

6. What aspect of legal trials does the professor 9. What does the professor imply about jurors
mainly discuss? who are the same race as the defendant?
A Jury trials A They tend to be the most unbiased jurors.
B Lawyers B They are disliked by the defense team.
C Jurors C They may vote in favor of the defendant.
D Bench trials D They frequently engage in jury nullification.
7. Why does the professor mention bench trials? 10. Why does the professor explain jury
nullification?
A To stress that they are held for criminal
cases A To describe one drawback of jury trials
Sociology B To explain how they are different from jury
trials
B To mention her dislike of the O.J. Simpson
verdict
C To state that they are less common than C To state that losing attorneys appeal cases
other trials affected by this
D To focus on how those trials are structured D To prove that juries do not frequently use it
8. What does the professor say about jury 11. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer
impartiality? the question.
A It is something that both sides hope to What does the professor mean when she says
avoid. this?
B Most jurors are able to hide their personal A The student has asked an inappropriate
biases. question.
C Lawyers try to ensure it when selecting B She wants the student to find the answer
jurors. to his question.
D It is the major disadvantage of bench trials. C She cannot answer the student’s question
for sure.
D The answer to his question is in their
textbook.
126 127

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First published in May 2011

Copyright © 2011 Darakwon, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,

Components Main Book / Answer Book / 1 MP3 CD

• Actual Test 018

• Actual Test 0220

• Actual Test 0332

• Actual Test 0444

• Actual Test 0556

• Actual Test 0668

• Actual Test 0780

• Actual Test 0892

• Actual Test 09104

• Actual Test 10116

Compact Actual iBT RC & LC Book113 13 2011.4.28 5:44:46 PM

activities office employee. 02-02

TOEFL® iBT. might be formed

11. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer

Compact Actual iBT RC & LC Book131 31 2011.4.28 5:45:59 PM

Actual Test Reading

01 This section measures your ability to understand academic passages in English.

Click on Continue to go on.

12. Look at the four squares [ ▒ ] that indicate

Now you may begin the Listening section.

Conversation 1~5:  Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a professor.

3. What can be inferred about the student?

Lecture 6~11:  Listen to part of a lecture in a zoology class. 01-03

8. Based on the information in the lecture,

D Let birds move

Actual Test Reading

02 This section measures your ability to understand academic passages in English.

Click on Continue to go on.

Now you may begin the Listening section.

Conversation 1~5:  Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a student

Lecture 6~11:  Listen to part of a lecture in a meteorology class. 02-03

11. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer

Actual Test Reading

03 This section measures your ability to understand academic passages in English.

Click on Continue to go on.

Now you may begin the Listening section.

Conversation 1~5:  Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a professor.

5. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then

Lecture 6~11:  Listen to part of a lecture in a literature class. 03-03

Actual Test Reading

04 This section measures your ability to understand academic passages in English.

Click on Continue to go on.

Now you may begin the Listening section.

Conversation 1~5:  Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a librarian.

Lecture 6~11:  Listen to part of a lecture in a physiology class. 04-03

10. Based on the information in the lecture,

Actual Test Reading

05 This section measures your ability to understand academic passages in English.

Click on Continue to go on.

Now you may begin the Listening section.

Conversation 1~5:  Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a professor.

Lecture 6~11:  Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class. 05-03

8. How does the professor organize the

11. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer

Actual Test Reading

06 This section measures your ability to understand academic passages in English.

Click on Continue to go on.

Now you may begin the Listening section.

Conversation 1~5:  Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a university

Compact Actual iBT RC & LC 1본문

Compact Actual iBT RC & LC 1본문

• Actual Test 018

• Actual Test 0220

• Actual Test 0332

• Actual Test 0444

• Actual Test 0556

• Actual Test 0668

• Actual Test 0780

• Actual Test 0892

• Actual Test 09104

• Actual Test 10116

Conversation 1~5: Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a professor.

Lecture 6~11: Listen to part of a lecture in a zoology class. 01-03

D Let birds move

Conversation 1~5: Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a student

Lecture 6~11: Listen to part of a lecture in a meteorology class. 02-03

Conversation 1~5: Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a professor.

Lecture 6~11: Listen to part of a lecture in a literature class. 03-03

Conversation 1~5: Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a librarian.

Lecture 6~11: Listen to part of a lecture in a physiology class. 04-03

Conversation 1~5: Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a professor.

Lecture 6~11: Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class. 05-03

Conversation 1~5: Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a university

Lecture 6~11: Listen to part of a lecture in a history class. 06-03

Conversation 1~5: Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a professor.

Lecture 6~11: Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class. 07-03

Conversation 1~5: Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a theater

Lecture 6~11: Listen to part of a lecture in a geology class. 08-03

Conversation 1~5: Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a professor.

Lecture 6~11: Listen to part of a lecture in a zoology class. 09-03

Conversation 1~5: Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a Registrar’s

Lecture 6~11: Listen to part of a lecture in a sociology class. 10-03