MODULE 3

3. PLANTS, SCHEDULE AND BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (BIM)

3.1 PLANTS

PLANTS 3.1.1 Capacity 3.2.1 Suitability 3.1.3 Cost 3.1.4 Production

involved

Concrete breaker

Bulldozer

Scraper

Mobile wheeled
crane
Face shovel

3.2 Schedules

3.2.1 Labour schedule

Labour schedule is prepared by the project manager and/or client. It is compiled by

evaluating the amount of work of a project, considering the availability of employees
and sticking to the labour laws and regulations. It involves shifts, workforce and
working hours. It is applied by allocating employees to a specific working shifts and
working hours, according to the Labour schedule.

3.2.2 Material Schedule

Material schedule is prepared by the Project manager, using a list of calculated

quantities from the building drawings and specifications, related to specified and
standard materials available in the market. Material schedule is applied by planning,
tracking the procurement of material and use of material in the project. It is also used
for the process of the supply of material.

3.2.3 Plant Schedule

Plant schedule is a document with the list of all plants and inspection dates for each
plant. The Project manager and/or Engineers compile this schedule by the listing all
plant and machinery that will be required for the project, considering the types,
quantities and specifications of each. It is applied when allocating and utilizing the
plant and machinery in the construction project.

3.2.4 Plant maintenance schedule

Maintenance manager compile the plant maintenance schedule by making a list of

all plant and machinery within the construction site, along with their specifications
and maintenance requirements. The application of plant maintenance schedule
involves thoroughly following the predetermined timeline for maintenance and
inspection.

3.3 SITE INSTRUCTIONS

3.3.1 Issuing of drawings

Issuing of drawings involves the issue register, which is the process of recording and
tracking the drawings issued to the architect, quantity surveyor, engineers and other
professionals.

3.3.2 Variation orders

Variation are requested by the contractor and/or client. It is a written agreement to

change, add and adjust the work set in the contract. Variation orders involves
change in slope, time, and material for addition work, costs and working hours.

3.3.3 Engineers instructions

Engineers instruction is a written explanation of the contract document. The

Engineer is responsible for issuing instructions for the guidance of a contractor

3.3.4 Architects instructions

Architects instruction is a written instruction issued by the architect to the

contractors, to fix workmanship, material which are not in accordance with the
document. The contractor has to comply to the instructions but also has the right to
reasonably object to the instructions.

3.4 BIM stands for Building Information Modelling, It is a large term used to describe
the process of specifying, creating and managing the project information about the
built asset such as a building, bridge, tunnel etc. Basically, the BIM aim to ensure
that relevant information is created in a suitable order at the right, for better decision
making, throughout the design, construction and operation of built assets.

3.5 Relationship of BIM and:

3.5.1 BIM and the Client

The relationship between the BIM and the client is beneficial. Before construction
commences, BIM provides the client with clear and detailed picture of the project.
Clients are able to see the design, make decisions and ensure that their
expectations are reasonable considering the requirements of a project. The BIM also
create better communication between the client and the project team, which helps in
solving any issues or changes early on in the process.

3.5.2 The relationship between the BIM and Project management

MODULE 4
4. Material Management and Building Regulations

4.1 The process of the supply of material with reference to:

4.1.1 Buying Policy

Buying policy is the initial step of the process of the supply of material. It involves
clear guidance, standard and procedures that must be followed by a buyer or person
who is going to make purchases. It also ensures that everyone follows and
understands the rules for procurement per policy.

4.1.2 Ordering

Ordering is the step that comes after buying policy is in place. The buyer create a
purchase orders for the list of materials required. The purchase order has details
such as the quantity, specification, delivery date and prices of material.

4.1 3 Receiving

This is a step whereby the material is received upon the date of delivery. The
received material will be inspected for accuracy and quality. During this process,
should they be any material damaged, they are documented and the supplier is
informed.

4.1.4 Storage

This step involves handling, moving, protecting and storing material in their rightful
storage areas. Store similar materials together and materials that will be used first in
the front row. This ensures proper storage conditions and it will prevent materials
from damaged or broken.

4.1.5 Waste

Waste is regarded to as unwanted or unusable materials. They are produced in the

process of construction, laying, demolition and repair of various buildings.
Construction Waste such as residual material, abandoned bricks, silt and other
waste material.

4.2 The application of the procurement of material on a building site:

Procurement is a process of buying goods or services. The process of procurement
material is when materials required to construct a building are selected, ordered and
invoiced, paid for and delivered on site

4.3 SANS 10400

4.3.1 SANS 10400 stands for the South African National Standard. It is the Building
Regulation which provides the framework for the regulations in South Africa. The
SANS 10400 regulations was introduced for the first time in 1977 as part of National
Building Regulation and Building Standards Act No. 103 of 1977.

4.3.2The SANS in construction management is applied to ensure that all

construction work comply with the relevant South African Building Regulations. It
focuses in ensuring that buildings are safe, healthy and sustainable while protecting
the environment and maintaining natural resources.

4.3.3 ISO stands for the International Organization for Standardization. It is

regarded as a non-governmental organization that link a system of standard
organisation from about 160 countries, with one Standard organization representing
each member country.

4.3.4 The International organisation for standardization (ISO) and the South African
National Standards(SANS) are related to one another in the process of
standardization.

The ISO develops the international standard, to promote quality and accessibility
between borders of different countries. The SANS is the South African National
Standards organisation which adjust standards to local requirements, ensuring that
South African organisations and sectors comply with local laws.

The connection between the ISO and SANS is very significant. The SANS and ISO
standards promote trades locally and internationally, improving the quality of
products and allowing South Africa to join markets from other countries while
complying to regulations.
4.4 When advising a client on which finishes to choose on site, either cheap or
expensive finishes, I would recommend putting quality and reliability before costs.

High quality finishes require a large amount of money but they have long lasting
advantages such as increase in durability, lower maintenance costs and better
aesthetic appearance.

Low quality finishes require a small amount of money, saving money up front but
have huge consequences such as short lifespan, less resilient, higher maintenance
cost and lower aesthetic quality.

It is crucial to take into consideration the site specific needs, financial constraints and
long-term goals when choosing between expensive and cheap finishes. Investing in
high quality finishes is wiser than investing in low quality finishes.

4.5 Professional Bodies & Voluntary Association

4.5.1 Professional council is a regulatory body in the organisation established to

regulate and supervise a particular sector or profession.

Voluntary association is an organisation created by people who come together

voluntarily to explore a common interests, objectives and goals.

4.5.2 The Professional council which validate the department of Building science at
Tshwane University of Technology are as follows:

The South African Council for the Quantity Surveying Profession [SACQSP]

It is a regulatory body established through Act No 49 of 2000, to provide for the

registration of professionals, candidates and the mentioned categories in the quantity
surveying profession.

Association of South African Quantity Surveyors [ASAQS]

It is a professional organisation that represent and assist quantity surveyors and

other professionals in the construction and build environment sectors. Quantity
Surveyors play an important part in the construction process, focusing on cost
management, estimation and financial control of construction projects.

The South African Council for the Project and Construction Management Profession
[SACPCMP]. It is a regulatory body established through act 48 of 2000 oversee,
register and accredit professionals in the construction and project management
sectors.

Chartered Institute of Building [CIOB]. It is the largest profession across the world for
construction management and leadership. It protects the science, ethics and practice
of built environments.

4.5.3 The Professional council’s validation is very significant because it ensures the
quality and relevance of university programmes, and offers graduates an important
advantage in the working industry. Validation mainly make easier process of
professional certification and licensing, making graduates more desirable to
employers looking for individuals to work with. Additionally, membership in a
Professional Council provides students with important networking opportunities,
internships, and industry connections, eventually improving students’ career
development and enhancing their professional reputation.

4.5.4 Voluntary Association

Master Builders South Africa-MBSA

Address: No. 1 Second Road

Randjepark, Midrand

South Africa

President: Musa Shangase

Master Builders South Africa is the leading national representative body in South
Africa’s building and construction industry. It functions as an employer of registered
Federation Associations representing contractors and employers in the construction
industry, and is governed by Section 107 of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995.
 Consulting Engineers South Africa [CESA]

Address: P.O Box 68482 Bryanton

Johannesburg, South Africa

President: Olu Soluade

CEO: Chris Champell

CESA aims to promoting quality in the consulting engineering organisation on behalf

of its members and stakeholders. Through its members, CESA aims to consistently
improve people’s quality of life by understanding the environment and promoting
change in association with all important stakeholders. In doing so, CESA seeks to
improve the sector and have a reputable impact on all South Africans.

South African Planning Institute [SAPI]

Address: Private Bag X15,

Halfway House 1685

Johannesburg

President: Dr Johannes Dovhi Mulauzi

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