FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, OWERRI

P.M.B 1526, OWERRI

IMO STATE

A SEMINAR REPORT

ON

IMPACT OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT APPROACH ON

ORAL HYGIENE

BY

NNADOZIE MICHAEL CHIEMEKA

20181099667

DEPARTMENT OF DENTAL TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF HEALTH

FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, OWERRI

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR

BACHELOR OF SCIENCES (B Sc) IN DENTAL TECHNOLOGY

OCTOBER, 2023

DEDICATION
i
I dedicated this seminar work to God Almighty

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ii
I am grateful to my Supervisor, Mr. Kenneth Okeke for his precious time he used
in going through my seminar work. I want to acknowledge the Head of Department
of Dental Technology and my course adviser for their advice and understanding
towards the project to give me more time to research more on the topic. I also want
to thank the Dean of School of Health, , Rev. Sr. Prof. Oparaocha, for her direction
and contribution towards a siren learning environment and for meek and humble
nature towards the need and problems of the students. I also acknowledge all the
lecturers in the department and other staff of Public Health department in FUTO.
Finally to my friends and colleagues who advised and encouraged me, I say a big
thank you to all of you for your encouragement and support. I pray God to
reciprocate same gesture to them in hundred fold, Amen. My Profound gratitude
goes to my parents Mr. and Mrs. Nnadozie who they believe so much in me and
for their daily prayers. May God bless you and for their moral support and
encouragement which spurred me on the completion of this study. May the good
Lord protect you all for me. I remain grateful to my research assistance for
standing by me throughout the thick and him of his study, may God reward you in
his steadfastness

SUMMARY
iii
Patients with orthodontic appliances are at risk of acquiring periodontal disease
and caries. In health care today there is a need to ensure that the advice given by
orthodontists to patients and their parents is accurate and evidence-based.
Historically, it has been claimed that orthodontic treatment may confer benefits
beyond the psychosocial gains achieved by the improvement in dental appearance.
Oral health-related benefits such as reduced susceptibility to dental caries,
periodontal disease, temporomandibular disorder, and traumatic dental injury have
been reported in the literature. However, this review of the literature reveals that
the oral health benefits of orthodontic intervention are quite limited.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
iv
Title page i

Dedication ii

Acknowledgements iii

Abstract iv

Table of contents vi

List of figures vii

1.1 Introduction 1

2.1 Literature Review 3

2.1.1 Orthodontics 3

2.1.2 History 4

2.1.3 Common orthodontic problems 7

2.1.4 Orthodontic appliances 8

2.1.5 Examples of orthodontic treatment 11

2.1.5.1 Braces 11

2.1.5.2 Clear aligners 11

2.1.5.3 Retainers 11

2.1.5.4 Palate expanders 12

2.1.6 Potential Threat to Your Dental Health 12

2.1.7 Advantages of orthodontics 13

2.1.8 Disadvantages of orthodontics 14

2.1.9 Oral hygiene in orthodontics 14

2.1.9.1 Enamel demineralisation 14

v
2.1.9.2 Caries 15

2.1.9.3 Gingivitis 16

2.1.9.4 Periodontitis 17

2.1.9.5 Sores and ulcers 18

2.1.10 Keeping your teeth healthy during orthodontic treatment 19

2.1.10.1 Brush often 19

2.1.10.2 Get an interdental brush 20

2.1.10.3 Floss each day 20

2.1.10.4 Use a mouthwash 21

2.1.10.5 Do not miss dental appointments 21

2.1.11 Impact of Good Oral Hygiene on Orthodontic Treatment 21

2.1.11.1 Reduced Risk of Gum Disease 21

2.1.11.2 Reduced risk of tooth decay 22

2.1.11.3 Reduced risk of heart disease 22

2.1.11.4 Reduced risk of diabetes 22

2.1.11.5 Reduced risk of lung disease 22

2.1.11.6 Reduced risk of Alzheimer’s 23

3.1 Conclusion 24

REFERENCES 25

LIST OF FIGURES

vi
Fig 2.1: Orthodontics on the Teeth 3

Fig 2.2: Fixed braces 8

Fig 2.3: Removable braces 9

Fig 2.4: Headgear 10

Fig 2.5: Enamel demineralization 15

Fig 2.6: Caries in Orthodontic treatment 16

Fig 2.7: Gingivitis 17

Fig 2.8: Periodontitis 18

Fig 2.9: Sores and ulcers 19

vii