=

RESTRICTED
1/t.-1'1)
=
THE UNITED STATES
STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY
(Pacific>
Japanese Military and Naval Intelligence
Division
Japanese Intelligence
Section, G2
RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED
THE UNITED STATES
STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY
(PMiji<)
Japanese Miliwy and Naval Intelligence
Division
Japanese locclligeoce
Sccrioo, G-2
Dalt5 o( Surtcy:
1 Novtmber 1945 1hroUSh I Fthntaty 1946
April 1946
UNITED STAns
GOVERNMENT I'RINTING OffiCi
WASHINGTON: 19<1fi
RESTRICTED
J.... P INTEL
FOREWORD
lAP INrEL
Lt. Comdr, Alfred T. White. r:SSR
Lt. Otis C.r}, J.jSXIl
S M. furo'",
::' ...lI
Sgt. w..\. Ileikhllfll
Sgt.. l.. KUii.
1"",,,.<1 SI.Il'!! Bombinj.: Sur'.....
was by the of ""r ,,":J :\,,-
,ember I Ill!. P",",,'''''ll 10 II Direcl; 'c f,"", I he Illi e
l're>ide11l Uoose'ell. lis """"ion wu 10 CQnd"cl
.n i"'l>ani.l.nd upen ->ludy of lhe of O\1r
..,ri.lau..,k <m Gf'nn."y. t" br Wle<1 ill <'tH""""i"n
""th air al1ad<11 ()II .1.,_11 a".llo $."11.11.
for e,.. h'''1 illg" m'l....n.ul<"l' ."'11.......111 i.lilil!:'! of
.ir p",,-..r "" an i,,_tnlllleni of lIIililarr
for lllllnning Ihe fut un' df',e]"I'",ent of th.. United
Sillies 1"llIetl fon.'S, "",I fot" tlelel"1llininj[ flllliltl
...-onomie 1>oIieit'>o with rl!$IJeC' 10 lh.. 1I",i"",,1
_\ sllllun...y N'llon ."d IKltn" :!()()jjllPI>on
....port!! ront.ininj[ the 6ndin!-"S of tI", ...
io h"I' '-.. Imbliffif'd.
On I" A"gusl l!l-l", P...."ident Tno",,,n .....Ivested
thll' the .,,,,.Illel " .. r .Ill<l,- of the
elfecbof "II .. t1".. k ill th.. w"'llb",i".1
JIlpa.., ""I",n< ill dlll'li.."tc tl) the Set:-.
.-etarJ of "-ar .nd to the Sf'<:ret.l)' of the Su)'.
The olIia-l'!l of the .... during iU J.I_nese
,ll.........e.... :
Franklin DOlif'r. Ch.irm.n.
I'llul H. lien')' C. Vice
ChIlir'nen.
liar., 1.. llowmRn,
J. K. Galbraith.
ReMis Libn.
Fra..k .-\.
jo'red Searl$, Jr.,
SIIaghl,
Dr, IJOIJis It. Thompson,
Theodore P. Wright, l)itflClQn.
The SlIr.-e{ti colllple"",,,t provided for 300
and r.oo enli<le<l meU. Th/l
mil;tlll) of the II"ns d,.awn
from Ihe to lhe e:<t ... ,t I}f (;() nnd
fmlll lhf Xao} 10 Ihe V;leUI of 40 I'frt."l'lll. llolh
II", alld the the Sur'f)' .11 1-
.""j,t.,or:e ill """', SIlI'I,lll'!!. t raniO-
l>Ort "",I information. TI", :;lIr,-e)" 0l'eratl'd from
hud'lllarlerl! esl.bli,h"d in Tukyo e.rly in Sel>-
lember 1!H(i, .... ith ""bhell,l'l"llners in
O,;"k'I, Ilin"l-himll ",,,I N"/l""snki.ll,"l \\";th mo],;lo
"Iler"tillj[ ill oth..,. I,nns of ,Inl,nn. Ihe
of Ihe I'"eifie, ""d ,hf AsiRlie m"i"la"d.
It ...as J'O"'ISible to r!'CO,lSInld ,,'uch of ...nime
J .... "'ilitRrJ .nd eneuti"" engag@
ment b_" enpgeme"t .nd ""mp.illT' b)" """,...ign.
lind 10 ll/leu.... ,...,..-,nl,hl)" .... te ,..,iSlics on
Japa,,'>! C'o...notnl' ,,,,,I "-nrlm"luelio" planl b}'
I'lllll', lInd i,,,lllst,y h." iml",t" .... I" "dditi"",
st"dies Wei... n" ,1"I'"n'. 00"'1,,11
tegie plllus .,..1 the baCkgrolllld of her emr)' imo
,,ar, the internal di;;Cll,;o;ionlf a"d negotiations
Indi"g to her of tllloo"dilion.1 SUr
rendf'r. the course of hnlth .'MI monlf' among the
ei,iliall IlOpUl"tion. Ihe ell"ec1i .... ne;lS of the Jal'.-
t1e!e ci.ilian defense 0,.g>tni1Jll'on, n",lthe e/feelll
of tlte "tomic bom1l;<. SCl'''''"le 1"\'llU'tll lI"ill be
e''''ering .-ach "haS" of 1he sI"d)'.
TI", Sone)" lllOre lh,," ioo JllIIll
"ese milit ..... g'O'enunent, ."d official;l.
It .Iso ""CO>"l'red ."d translated m.ll)" dOC\lIflE'lll;<
...hich h.of' not onl)" mn u!if'f"lto tbe bul
will "I"" dnta .... l".hle f"r Olh..r studies.
lire being made to tll,"" ""er the
files to a 1""'IIl,,"e"t g<>..Hnlllcut "gene)'
where Ihe)' will be a"llilable fo, furtlwl' eXnlninll'
lioll .nd diSlribution.
PERSONNEL
Comdr. 1!t<:I'f..
o,mdr. JOliN n. 0,''>:'''<.'', Jr. ChIef, G_:? ,
Del'''t)" Chief, G-:< '.I. Col. G"TNNt .\. ,\C
[),."IIt) Chief, G-:?
JAPANESE IN1'E.WGENCE SECTION, G--1
Lt. Comdr. TlllXltl(JQ 11. CI."'D1.li, CS:iR
Chief of Seo:-tion
IA. Comdr, Sumner P. Ahlbum, US:-;ll
Lt, o,mdr. William H.llolzer, USNII
Lt.Collldr.I<'ral1k B.lluggins,
lA.. Comdr.!'aine Palli.
M.jot" John C,l'elul, J.j5}fCR
Lt. Comdr. Frank Sh.ckelford.
.M.jor Robert S. Spilman, Jr., ,\C
RESTRICTED
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RESnICml
JAPANEQ IIIUTAaY AND JU.VAL
TABU Of cotn'DIll
I. hrnOD('CTlOIf. SCllIl4aT...... eo.c..v- .
II. Ollo.. ,nUTIOK 4.0 COIUI4n 4T I":"'.... '1_
III, IIITI:I.UOQlCII: --
s._",
OrpnizatioD

""'w... AmIy and WanD. 0.14. '.11111

...,iIM Open.lion
IV. N"VAL IlI'TIILUoncl:: -
s'm_
Orpn"';tion
and Traini",
Functions
Sou'eed of Information A.-ada..
Rcsulu
I\a'"al Air Forees _
IIdq. and l"niu _\80&1
R"l.atiorm.ip of to Ope..tionlll'lanntn,
\", JA""SEIlI: Sor1lC&I orlsroRJllUTlOJ<.
Summary
Communications
}(&dio Broad<a;oa from L S
l.'. S. !\e..-sr-JIE'l'l< and Otbrr Pul.>linlllOM
Reporu From Oprrational }'orees
Cond\lllions Basrd 00 Tact..,./ and St"log>(' ..... r.-
Enemy Operalions _. _
Captured DoromenUl._,
I'risoner of W... _.
l{fporU from All.a<':h& Abroad
Trehnieal Intl'lligelll'e
Information from o..nIl4IIY
Illlonnalion from COIIIita-at<,b"", a"d !\.u... __
VI. S.OCML Sl:a"lel: O"''''SIUTlO'<
Introduction.
Tokumu Kikan alld Tokumu Bu__
The Anny SSO
The SSO
Kcmp,,; T.i _
\"11. ASALnla 0' E,n:cnn;s&Sll 0" J...."SEl!E ISTl:LLIIlL'<CE'
Introducuon
Summa.), and COlldu;;wns
Japanell/' Estirnat.-"ll .\l.de m l.... pa..uon fo. tlof W.r
I'f.r1 Ilnhor ,\\l8ck
Ottupation of the 1'loi!lPJ'I"('ll
of .\lidw8J
Solon,oll' CampRign
C;,ntntl I'aeifie
c.l11l])Rign
'OU5report wa5 writ teo prlMl"ny ror the use er the
;>lnlon$ er,>re:;;sed 10 tb15 reo l:!l:st be l;oosldend as
taited to t.tle L21.U:-lc,ll;overed and as 5ubJel;t to
ly the SUrvey.
rurther interpretation Ie t .e light or rurther studies I;ondul;ted
J" S. Str-atl&sle Bo:b11l8 SUl"vey 10 . _. el)8.raUoo or rUl"thn
JAP INTEL
Joillt Illtt'lJigenCfl Center Pacific Ocean

Ketherlandl .'o,..,e InU!lIigenl'e Service.
Supreme Comm.nder Allied Po"ers.
South Pacific.
Special Servico Org.n;ut;on.
Southwest Pacific Area.
RESTRICTID
--- .... Ih ecablioNol .It.ir\ I ....
l"-d 10 ..Jt,q f ..,...., .......
Wllh lboo '.f --..,
.....,I<lI 11 I_i _,.. ...
iQflN1ll&lion .-.ilal 10 lIMo J ... __
(I) of .\11"",1 cnD\lllllni<aw- I.......
"<>fL_ In,(12) _\llw.el wort ."d _hum radi6
bnl..r...."", .-llh Illf.otmalion _nod m-
ne....pert'" .nd I In-
J.I'.n_ ...... ill rwulnl t'O nlrWo.
d. The J.,)&.- in'tlli""",", "fJI&"illllio" ...
high rotn",.,,,1 ""''"'I" "f. ohon t.
in f"lIo"'i"!: inlti.1 ronq'_.
....,""',fl... 'Ur .'nt' "uII",...1 I,.. 110(" hi",,,ri"'l
""",.",h del>llM'....Jll IIf lilt J.I'.';....., S....I
rn1Sldl" r",i.ion..1 'l"itk mllfJlIl"'1 "f 1he 'l()Ulh-
ll ..... tA.-l I"di.... )101....nd
lI"n"ml "'''....' .... ,111,. ""'abli"""';'nl "f
r.O'IO<I;"1I" f .."" Kllrik-<
,1I"J,,,d, Ilw } h.n. {illdll,II"1I "'al<.- 1-1.",1).
II", lli".".",k .\ hilwlaJ.'O. Tin...... J., , 1 ln.
,Id Hllnn.. I'r...hr.l.,.] (011 a (; " ..ir.
10,)' in West. and 1110' ..pod of hrr
1......lycainffi n.uu..1 "' ......... J."&,, I.IWood
thai .... 1'"iIM :'01._ Id _""'. rompron"...
, ...... 1<, n'UQI _ ..
rte"Ult of Ih". ..-..,,,'1 1M .\,.., ..
nor ,... *.-..\o'flr'd &II .,..,n"';.
tlQll roctb.inilll! "'lInin 1__of ....IIooft.
ill,C". P"'ft''-";" ..... d tnallllr ,nl..lli-...
all Ie.-.b "f _ad. .h I....,..,.'
... Ie,',.]. In.. but _.
"",U." ftI..hk ... ilil .,. .nd 1 ",",Inol IJII.Jli.
I nlr ",IJP...... "f
tlMoir l'f!!;.--u........t plan.. -t__ IJI tJw I'r",I1..-
11M of hll. u .....,-.d
or no (J'<ff 1M of
I'" of "'loPnol"....1
inl&CIicalllnil'" .\1 of "'"h ,t...
l". .. 1M ,\mly N.II" >a'li""
....... of Ii o/Ikoo Gru"th
.1I!'"ht umil ... rl... in 1m. ,,1 11. rl'Or n;:talion
of hOnJel.nd ......nni... r"l"'l11t"C1 in 'M
2. Summ<try
a. I'rior 10 II.., I'art Harbor .u...1< II... J.Il-
lin""", (;o1"f'rn....,m had -r1Sl <>I'lI"D1IlI.
lion Ihrot,j!houl 1M ..-orld for 1M rolirdion of
illlelliJ....-. n.. _i,w diplonra,;r. <'Onl1l"M'reial. and
mili'a., rtp.--nlllli .."", lo:;echer .ilh lilt...
Ihou;;anols of ..<li" .mate". II,if!ll.
"'e... !.oJ no nmu'..< rorllintd 10 Iht Unco-rer
inJ! of m;lil&r, Enry acll\"uy_,.
merei"!. _i.l.nd cuhunl-----ftttrittd
liOll ."d ".llInol elltel of Ihe dt.r.
aClrrislk J.pan_ III irs! for 1rno...1aI!'"t.nd hl!'
hL" mighl nOI k<:'tp ..,th
of ... orld.
b. In "pile of the dif6cllhJ' of properl e,.. I.
1l.lilll: .nd COU.IlIlg the /;,.,..t 'l"."t;l,. of 1I11.....
inforlll,,'ion !It<:lIred Ihroo.lgh Il>est "b.llntb.
" r<'.!le,,o;r of co"....,m;ng l>OIemi.1
JAP I1In'EL
I. INTRODUCTION, SUMMAlI.Y AND CONa.USIONS
I. '""rxI""w.
a. l'ililat) .lld ,..,..1 a>mpn- tho,
nalualoon. ant! dL-tuinal;"'" of In
(orlll.lJOI'reJ,... nlmg Ij(l"ftljrth. l'lIl..b,Ii' .....
."d IIJlfJlllQlh for comlla' """...Ii"""
b. of Ih.. repon is 10
..nlll.. tl(ln. 1,-...1".... d tiN:'
l,r"l1_ of J&lli&n_ ."d "" 1 in\@ll,.
.IId to n.hlMe ,h_ fllC!ol'll ill '""$ of
colltribution .'0 pl.,,,,i"jl" a"d ("",,,bot, 01'''''
1111011. for the .....1 and duri"J(
Wor. phase" of illllIi/;",,1'" of .n
...."p... ,."tion.1 ch.",cler_C1i,itielj of the
"",I sec...,\ seni,, or!:"""i'''li"".,
for 11<'('11 incllldl"<1 ,,"ly ill!',,' R,;
til<',\' ('{lllll"ibull'(l iu(o"""lion ill the 1'1"",,i"ll
nn,1 ('.'l'(:lIt ion of ""ml,," o/)I'rnl;o"o.
c. Th... ..tlid ",-''',,-'elI of ;"rul1,uuioll for Ihi.
.1I111... hn,'" 1.....11 the im"rrogol;"" "f olliei.'.
for i""'r,';"w ill .I"p"... ",,1<>11" ...b-
lIli".... h,l" Ih" Ja,.."""", in "';;1>01'''"' 10 dirN'I"'e:!
of II", r. 8. SII1I'\1,';c 1I0mbing .n<1 ."
.I1Rlysi. of doclllllf:ma WoctImd b1' 16-
"'ill, lllO@fe.plllrtdduri,oi,m- ..U. -
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23
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59
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I...
i'EFIS
SC,\ I'
SOPAC
SSO
SWPA
JICPOA ,\nny tOl'l:a P.cific.
A;r TechnialJ Service.
Broadeuting Allied ShiV-.
Comm.nder in Pll&ific.
Commander in Chief Parific Ocean
Are.
Far Air Forcell.
lmpcrilll JBp&neose NllYY
RfSTRICTED
AFPAC
AilS
B.\)IS
CinPac
CinCPOA
FEAt'
IJN
umllCI"ED
,"n AS,o.LUI$ or E ..ncT1\'ESElIII 0" JAr..SElIr;
PhihpPI11C!1 Campllign
1"'0 ,lima Campooigt!.
Okin...". Campllign
EO<'m,. P1anningin 1'Tfov-ration for Antidpated Invuionol tl'e lIome1and_
CH,aT$
I .\I..jor .,I.pIt...... nigh COlllma"d War Ap...,io:olIu of I .o\ugtJlIl 19-45_
2 Ann,. Organiution After R.....rpniu.tion. 19-1i>
3, Jar-""'" Ann,. Prt--"a. IlIgh Command Ill\..lhgelK'O' Organiution
-4 GClN'ral :<>taff In\..Illf:ell<:fO OrganIZAtion (at End of War)
s. I\ ...mullj!: .\rmy Staff and hu..Uil.... lI.,.. Orp.lllulion
6. S,_" OrpniuliQn. ,1&1'11."- 81h Am,)"
j StaIJ OrganlZuion. ,l.p"........ 110m.. o,.r....... Ann}"
8. Flo.. of Intelligen.,.. to Ann,. Air Top Command
9. J.pa"'...... I1l4;h Command Organisation _
10. Ch.in of Command for Jallalle&'" N,,,'.I Air
11. N...y War Plans Organiution
lZ. War "Ian;, lnfonnation SoUrtt'll, Jap....'lle N.. ,,}"
13. It-dio Int"lIitr"nce Otgllni"",lioll, NIl,,&1 Cpu..,.l StalL
Command Organizalioll, Battle for L"'.\le Gulf ..
i"Hl.>:S:
of U. S. Air StrNlgth <It St<lrt of War, Compnrcd to Actll,,1
Na"y.... _.
z. ,\ml)'
3. 1'l'Odu<:\ioIl Capacity
JlpanC!lC' of U. S. Slrtmgth "t Start of War, CompaJ"fld to Actual Figures:
4. \\'.181111' Strength .nd Potentials
5. DiSpollition_. __ .
6. Nlnll'enonneL_ -------
i. J.poo.neose Estim.tes of G. S. :'olereh."t Ship Strength at Start of W.r, Comp.red to
Artll.l Figures_._ _.. _.. _ -- __ +._. . __
8. J.pal\ofR F"'ltimatlS of C S. N.n] PN-parcd 1 :'ol&y 19U, Compared to
Actu.1 Figures._
9. J.pa.... utirJatesof lJ. S. Ground FOITl!8 Strt'ngth 1 :'olay 19045, Compucd
lo."elual Figures__ ._.... ._
REJ"E.L'<CE NOTUI... _._ +. ._ _ __
EXIlI.ln:
A. J.pa_ Sou"," of Information
B. and Opo....lion Reporlll.
C. Euerplll from T...ining )Ialluab-{.'hapter Rel.ting to
D Special Report-J.panew P'botographic IllleUigcnce _._.
i1bMniczlw... l;wl
IlESTRICTED
a 'j:llmr'" of 11Ia,I,I,II",,'" to I.... tranwrl
f"r dut, ...i,h ,lrfe'L..- Th.. 'nlplllj."" ....
....-ti...n... f the :\.,.1 :"1.1I ..l.
",d ..th from ,10.. :!ll..w..:-.. ....llh j:"inn"'l1 of
I1M'" u ""t,llllU. "-I...,,. ,,,,Id,,n in ".. bl"Ollj:ht
I1M' Iin.1 1.,..1 to !Ii. T.... i".........,.. uht<1 n.,her
frolll of uni,< aflo:u .nd
..... <.offiee" Ihan r... ",'malle",p' IIJ"'" "I'.
....mn.1 On. '"UI ....' Jlf'rforn,i"4!.l1 t"" fu'I('1.'Ol\O'
or ""ell,I-." .
f..\rmy labl "f ol}.... "iulion 1"""'itl,,,1 for
,,"..llil........ uIIio.?,.,. d" ..-" I" ."d amlie.;,
hh""uh unrl" 1 10" ....... ...."t ..-...... v.-u""
iut! 10rol"":l i"r "'.,iOll nOllO 1'1"01_
iL TI....1"'<>-1: {'<)II'IlI..." .oco....I...1 "lid,
....... Utll.' ....... ,,11"'1 in j:""".1 dilfe""n("{'S in ."d
n""h d, vr OI'''MlllOll ."'Olll-" im..llij.... lilliii'.
Ill' h 1MI)lllll';;,' :\11"." t h.. r",ocl iono of i"I,,11
1",lv'" ,h.. Fon.... ".".... !It<:t1l1<11IT)'
,only 11",1 di,1 ,wt nl'I><... r 011 ,nbles of orl-'"",ZIIt 10".
IIr;,,' "' Ihe r""d"",e",,,I,, of
...,,"" ,"dud..d in t..'rlll'l"Ill ,,11
.\r1ll.' "f1icl-,.,. hll' 110 Ir"I";"I-". wllll'"",,('r.
,,!fpnoIlJ.,' II", '0 prep"'"t' "tH,.. .." fm' inc.'lh.
,,<o,;ij..,lI11UIlS.
1-". X.."r1)' "II of Ihe rllne';"ns or j"lelJi!!"II''I!. in
,he I". R were ""(Y:>j:mi",,,t by ,he Jllp8''''''''
ind l>trfo.. 8"d wi,h '...)'Illg
........ (>f I.n ..roducli(>n of back.
...... "d ""1.im.l"" of ..lie",)" COli"
billli", .nd Inlen,ions. bolb bn.ncbes of Il"'lIl'rtlee
.1 tI...
by .ppl.,;n::. omn>Oll 10 infor
m.'ion dn,,"1 from JrTnt Ina,.,. of l>triodi..a\.;.
ron;lj.." ....... "'purL.... n...." b.....d...sls ."d O'OIllI"U,
lraf!ic ....1)"5' .nd 10. milli-
Mmll ...Ilit"t ;nfomll,iOll ;;:urb.s
........ rel>ot't. ClI'IUrM docum@flb. llrisonu of
orar illel"t9g1lll(lnllnd ('O(IIbat I'I'I'0ru.
h. ('_'"... .. ..-u tW
...eloped in boIh ,"" Ind XI"! Ind pr(wide.1
,..I".b.. inform.uon .nd ..-Imiug-I)f .u.c1u f ....."
.",1 ""."_liClI .Itldr of COlli tnllie
....IUll.... I...' ....")" Ind RDF. 16" ,,'1;;
""h,n",1 in Ihe Held of code b...... king. :'oleocb n,o""
nllj:"hl !la,'" l.>H:" Ir"in..d from Ih.. >1t"lr of ("Om
nnlll;ClIIOllll had ,he ,\rmy and cooNlin.I",[
:!wi, elf"rt nd e.,"bli,h"d nn elfeo:ti ..e li.i,on
wbich ". in ,bi. CI"I. "Imo,t entirel)" IRcking.
i. R..'vmnO;lflJllCt' wa!l- ser;0"8Iy ""glccted
RESnUCTF.O
JAP INTEL
th""ul!houllhe "'.r. a"d .hh'"'j:"b Ib,lack 1""'II"w
k''''nh felt in ,he 1.1"r ... elfnrb 10 ;"'1)1''''''
II , ......"'" inelfecti ...e. Cert.in ph.,.;...1 h.,,<li""l ....
,he ......"d ,"In..rabili'., or th.. ,1."."1'>'<'
.ilT""fl. 11I.,Ilqu.ey of Ii!!"hter
pl"Olt'C' iOll .nd I he '_'I)' "r .11 ....i I
.hle ."bm.ri...... 10""'1'1,1" ba_.nd 10 .u."k \'.:-=.
...",hi"",. PXI,lain ill part Ibe f.i1ure of
or tWr..lL.....1 some or Ih.. "" ..t ("ri, icsl ".. in
t"" "'ar.
j. PAolo ruo..""'U<i<lM<! ..... limit..d b, ,h.. SAme
f.'"lor.; ,hili "","""Itk,,,,I!!,,,,enl "'-,<,oml.i_'...... pln_
la('k or a" .pl'N'Ci",ion or ;t.., ,.h....
110" fa II .. f :-="il""'" i"I ..""" ill I'h<>,,, L "("@
illC.....,..", ill .pi'e of ,,'hieh l 1,1"".. r Il
nai",<&"C't'" >ni.". we.... 110"-" ... !'.il..n ,,,,,I 10
"",,r Oki".,,'u. I'hol" i"'erp""I"'i.." Wa. "ill ill"
r"diU"'''' .. r,. .1.. ", vf <1 1,,1'''',11, nl II", ",,,I <>f ,he
"'''r. onl., 18 Ann)" olli ",,,I :10 "iii""",
ll('(''' "0 (I'1Ii"",1. Tlw i"(,,,,,,,,I;o,, "I>I"i"e<1
I,.,' iul'rp....1'" ion o( plllllol:"" ph- "'''.1'''11'''' "i I... r<>o'
,lit' ill""",li"I" I,WIi"nl ">t' of ,h" "nil ,ml",ioJ.! II ...
",,01 "'''._ "0' J.!i,," 1:"""",,1 di",<",,,-
i""I;,,". wlll",,1 Iii" nf "11"''','' I,,, ... dHd"I'-
",,,"1 m";lllui"..d.
k. r ....I."i""{ i"tel/;go,,... l:"ill",II>.I" th...lnp""""
" of ,,,I'........:I,I"lp"lt'II' u,...([
,n i"'t>r<J\'e lhe desiJ.!1l alld 1"'rf"1"II'"nC<' '" ,h"ir
0"'11 '-"I"il'",e'" mIlo".. rill'" '0 de"ise CO"Ill.,r
I.die" or !>elle.. m... of emplorilll! P;<;"inl! lIir
("nft.r",.m,,"1. ..tr.. loa......1 on Ihe kno"-n ".1>1
bililie:!' of ,ho;;<> of ,he .."..",,.. ".... ,,'b ",.d"
1...,1",1ca.1 illlellij:""1It"e by ,he i"'..lli,:....,......
liOlL' vf I"" .\nm .,d :\.q' Gen"n.1 S,.ff" in.n
.11'-""1" 10 pro"w:tiOlI ...1..,.. Duri"g Ihe
eoul'!!l! of lhe 'll"ar. erlShed Allied .ircnft types
.,d. I""",ible.....I"'ired ."d ,....t
flo.." ..-...... : F-IF. Fit', TBF. TIUI-Ie.
I'8-IY-1. F6F. 1'-401-:. ,\-20.\. Jo'J.\. Hurrica"e.
!'BO.IJ-liD. 8-1;)0: I"" I'IHI.
I. HUOfJ"itio.. lrai"'"g fot I'ilolt .nd gunners
..-u not fU'OClio" of .nd
.lm08t no di......,lion 0.. en("O"rnj.",menl
from high ronl"'.lld le,el;;. .\ 1"';ef .uernpl 10
Inl,l.te n fon".1 tr.i.,lnlt I,roj.!,,"m "'.s rnn,l.. III
,II{' insi5lence of b'W offiCl'r, ""d.. r Ihe :'olin
islr). ill which..o p"li" ..d ",e" ""d21" ,,/lice!'" ""-
,..it...1"1,,.,,\ '2 I,... .,,,t'll. .\ I the "",du'
sio" of Ihe con...... in "ml ti"!,, 0"
-'"l'""P'-e "lid Allip,1 "lid "irp""f, w<'t'('
JAP INTEL
lI<'",hl"d 1111 .. h"""" of which <'"O\'i....,,'"
d..lrll>lIll'tll" lo.tr echelo"ll. ,,_ , .
1 ..,....... ra'mfl& .a.
rorulk',,,,1 "'1Ihi" i"d"idu.1 .;1"("""1 ,oq".dro"...
1><.. ",for",., 1<", .nd "'.leri.1 ..-.." in.d.....II.If'.
Flak o..uy_i_, III u,,,.1 ....,,... ,. m.lb..
",."... 1 ... k-"I.'i,,,, "f Ihe of .-\.\ Ii"", ,Ito-
.... nd"'j:" 111'011 1,I.nes <:0\1,.,.. .;'d .!I;lude .ilh
tet.""n 1<> k"""-,, .\.\ 1..... 'li""'l..... N,( dolo.
b) ,he J.I.."...... mililary. F1.k p.-..llior"..
"h.. " ,11-.:0" .. "",1 r",,,, ,he ft il.blt I,h,,,,..
:::"'1'"" .'MI rro", report., "}"1'i101>- re 11_110.
1""11",1 "X'pr,1 by larIinll ......,"' ,Ie hm .,....
no, "'l"'"",1 10. ren'nl h"""'II.
n. Tn"')d .'11; """""",rilv ruolin"lUllr\"
",,,I ,...."Ii"...1 '0 II... inui"idual ,aci";...1 ("f)r,,,n.,,;1
,mllletli",,I., CIO".....n,,,,!. TIll' w., I>t<:..'L'" of Ih..
",effect i,""...... "f r<!CtJ"""I"""".....n.1 uI ," n:"'"
to' ,nfurl"nl'un. ""d bet:.""" of laek of " "tnol
b,.,.,,<'1, of ... with 8utticielll """l",w"r
'" I... r(,,,,,, \10.. I".k.
3. Condll$;ons
II. 'j"I"""....' lIIilil,,")" "",I """01
I"'''''''d ;,,,,,I('(I,,nlel>P<:l\U",',
(I) "l'h,' I",,d. ", ,he "",10.""".
11I" ...d ,I,,, It'''j.!lh "f Ihe "'Ot 1"'8e<1 0" lhp ."''''''1''
,ion or" Ge"'"oll "i'10<'"\' lind" r.l,.. eli"'.le of
Alli ..d "'e"k".." boIh ,... pro<!udi"e 1:1I1'...i,,
and morale. ""d f.il"d to I'ro"ide for.n ...rj..."iu.
,ion .d"'1"olt 10 1Il...1 the "'I".,i...n ...hiph I.'.. r
t1",.. lol>l'd
(2) The .... fu..... aWtu, ......
,_rt,",lar. lilt .-.I fail_ of
.."""'. _11fd ill tlw to. OIl ...
f ...... II... _ dfpmdabIo. __
(") .\ lad: of d'1fOl'tin, 1...........
.\nI1) .ad :\....:r .......hod;n lbe .Dt6-_..,..,.
n...m .nd I""" "f 1111'''1. IIf lbe '111..11.........
..... obu.int<l.
(-II :\0 'fA"'"i.' I..lloinlt' ... It', le." ill.
I....N:oIlI...I I onh- ,,,,, l fM ....i_
.u""m,.,.1 Ini"i",. '''HI h, ""',",I, .1 I""
W.rColk-r.
(;;1 Inf..rior i""....,."...t .',,", .... '"""11" Jill in-
lelhle"'l<'"e p<l!lillOn,.. rPfIortinlf lhe ,.......... llaci of
.l'p......'.IIOO of tloe IlOIffil1.lr' .... of ' ..
.nd Ihe -"",I..,. rolf' il pl.rod ;n I.... J.pa_
milllarr
(6) Cert.in cha....neri,li"" of tI", hili" mil.
'Utr.'" lend",1 lO IIulh'" ,I. ork of
.....n('t'. CorruFl''''[ h., ",",,,
"Itlll,do. ",ililar:<' pl."" ill Ii".. ,,'i,1I .... '[p... ' ... l
",,,,.,,,,,,,,,,< o( I>o to..... 1 .1111'""_ ",,ill.
"'.,reIHI,hll,; ....1 ,he illll'<>rt.II".. "f ,I...
a',ark "' Ihe U[lPI1 of ,II.. !'Iefl'>
1l............ for """" ... Uf<"lll;ol1. BellI$!
ill JHJli,it:a1 .d",in$""I;",".
;l1ron".,ion and illO "PFT<'
end,. bto:-ame .........1(\ n.w"", 10 J.J>&Iwe!'t
",ili,ati,t;;. .nd the... blind 10 objtil"e
imell;t.....IIt"e.
RESTRICTED
II. ORGANIZATION AND COMMAND RELATIONSHIP
AT IMPERIAL HEADQUARTERS LEVEL
GIIUT I
,. SEPARATE ONLV nt;AOSE Of RAN" Of CO..folUO,NG OH(;(RS
OOTHO L'NE ,NOIGATES "'A'SOH

IEMPEROR
I SUPREME WAR l
DIRECTION COUNCrL
..,
NAVY PRME
/INSPECTORATE GENERAL I
..mISTER I"'STER
,.

i
OF MILrTARY TRAINING ' "
I
:- ---- --
B
[J
OTIIER
,"0
, "

I
l
IWAR DEPARTMENT IMPER'.L GMO NA>lY DEPARTMENT
cG.....ar S'aftl S,"Ui
I
r
l
,to 'Sl&2nd "'IEa
C(),I,l!llNED _
&REa
GENERll GENERAL .R."Es FORCES

ARMY AR.lolIES lOo"'. le-tu.d F.....
/00'- _
""
AREA ,to
SURfACE fLEETS
ARMIES ARNIES aRMIES
AIR fLEETS A'In
NAVAL 8 GUARD
(Juan P'oaffl
P,op.,) (o.r"h OISTRIt;TS
d. Ahhollgh inl.. depArtmf'JItl in both
Ill...\nu.l' ."d "ere. psrt of 1108 U..ne",,1 ('ahi1ll'C d..t-rtment ,..jIb. dine&
SlatT (or Depsrtment) organization "'tacl/&; IVIe on .or f...... acti..i,-: !lOti of
fO:e11U1. billd. "'en' w,der .. of';:; noanufaoetDn't'fi aDd IR1\f'h of 11M .....
mrUl'!!Ir,f'l\. f'OOOOGIJ ..- lftln:.l ..... b,- thia
e. DllriUI! th.....ar. all ...lion.1 1'"lie.. w.. lie- f. _\t.DllU""'''' bulla iJada ..-c'J
l.. br Army.X.,y den..",1s. .Dd-the 01,,", l?1
1011t11b1
.. d,,....ly to the .:"'I'nJI' t.
nllm... n...,; .di""t"" Iheir polieif'il '"' 0 1 of Traln'aa: IKJOib 80-
The munitio... miub1.f)., lIIOSl of ...'= It I ro, ,,,,"-,I)" ..Tth .lona.......
eiall ..... re .\nn} .nd <&el'll'" I : :\."ylrallllnj! ' ..n bat 10.<100......-...-
, a." onl} ."h.I'lralll'n t!Urlllwtl n.... __ I
---", - _II'"' 0 _.r.
MAJOR JAPANESE HIGH COMMAND WAR AGENCIES
{AS Of 1 AUGUST 19451
JAP INTEL
JAP INTEL
n.loe ..itl...r b in th.. ('A>e of the Air
General .\m1r. or .rea .m...
("OIIlln.ndE-r< .. of J.p.n pl'O'lf'r. C<Jnnlr-
n'nt oIIiclI' boldin!! ..,,.....1 of Ihe "rineip.>.1
(;ell.....1 SI.1I o/liee.... in lh.. \\.r :\lini,lry' a... llhoe
1'''1_10...1.. G.."enl "f :\I,hlllr." i,,,ul"f<l
roonlin.li'lf' ..ilh lh...... I"" u'lt"ui:ulior .
r. Gene... l Slaff 1I""I<,n1lI1<' or
De,*nm..m (Gunreibu) . ..-1tS pri.",iJ1"lllJ tl,e
openuio"ll ,Ilanni,,!! 0ll1.u of the ,h,*,,_
Ai;; in lit...\nn,' G..ne,," Staff. "'.".1. of tlwl
Genenl Staff oA;""rs .1,;0 h..ld similar bill,",s
in the etTeetin!:, coordination be-
tweelllhe I>fO.
4. The Minist,ies
II. .\1rhm,).:11 tl", ,,,Inli,', of d,,' .\l"llly
"nd N",., ,'n,i,,,l f,""" rilll<' I" time. tOI(,,hCI ti",
t,,"<1 d<1miu"ted ihe ,)llllIlUCIll> gO'"'lllll..nt
durin!:, Ihe .. Ul ir" wllr "nd fm !lorll" time prim' to
it. The 1',i",.. Iherd"... ""n,i,,bly
nil A,'m.'" ",. -"n,) "Ilil"' ",. h"d ,lo.i, "PI",,,aL
the refll,;,,1 of tl .... ui1ir .. 10 f"rni,1t n ,,,ill-
"ulomaricMll., mad.. Ih.. fonnation of 8 C>lb
inN imp""sible. This fa,tor, ooupled witll Ihe
unique pririlel,!>' b)' Ille Ann)' ."d
ministetli of direct lI11proa"h to th.. E,,,!,,"ror.
'Ila<'OK! the other miniSlrie.> Oil ba.sis
I" Ih_ I.....
b. Thf. \\.r hao full for
Ihe ,Irocure""'rl1 of din:cted
murh of 1M ..lm'nHlllti'e .nd.
it;; 1I"'l"l('i"", m.ny
aetili,ieJ connected ..ith and o;oeniees.
0.", of lhese suOOnlin.re ........I('i.... "'All .\ir Head-
qu.rter'" (Koku Hom!>Il), to ,,'hieh tl",
t1eJet'1lted most. of iliJ "'Ih l'4'llnllu Ihe
.ir f(lr('e!!. although it re<;en..d for it;.elf the for-
nUlI.lion of administl'1lli'e l)Olie.,- .
e. The .\liniSlry ..-u the top],,,el pro
c"rement 8j.'CUC) for Ihe Nil')', dir''l'l ..d the tnin
P""J!I"1l111 ","I p.. rforn,..d man) r,n,nll"h"i"is
tl'llt;'e .\ir llend\I""netli (Knku
'[olllbll) was on.. of the bllt
,'ujoyed grellte' "lllollOlllY thllil ihe oth..rs. In""
dling 1111 "ir trnininA" nnd leehrri..nl ",,,ltel1l,

3. Impt:r;.J GHQ "Old Ihe Gen""f 51"0 De-

fN',lmellll
a. ior for directi(m of
.... , opt...tions "10$ Impe,i.1 GHQ
...-hieh was form..d .fler ...-ar b,' ""n
binin/!" (in n.rot OI1ly) Ann." ."d XU) Gen-
eral with the Emperor a, nominal liNd.
Imperial GJlQ had no d..panllll!uls or humus
...him fOItlbinf'(1 the lWO ;;emCf'l'",1
by ..il!Nor Army or to "!mpoeri.1
IlHodqnarlf't!!M mfall!llhe ......peo:ti..e Il"'...ral ....11
molY often t!lln it 1lleIIru; Daihonei in il$ adullI
1\1':,.. Br brinj[injZ 1M general slaffs of Ihe twO
.... \.OjZtI!Nor. ho_ler. it irumred I mH.""IY
of <:(lOrdin.tion. Joint decisions mll<1e b" Iho
he-d-_ of Ihe 1"'0 l!"ene",,1 st.ffs were i""".... 1 lOS
ordel'll In the II.IIlt' of tile Empt'ror,
b. Army Gen..ral Sraff Helld'lllll1er.t, Or Army
(&.11100 1I0mbu), commanded nil
Army Illeluding lir, which 6ubordi-
RISTRIcrEO
I. .\ bri.. f of military rom",.,ul
.1 lop romn..nd is
lO sho rel.lionshill ..-hK-,h ..d bf't ...
Ih.. 501' 1J.r-..........u .I,.",no:i"".nd to
.n 'md of Ih..-.e .I,."'nci.... a:; tl,.. .""....
in IlIh..r of
US11UcrED
2. The fm/JffOr.mt the Supreme 117", Couucit
. Ol!kial hf'.d of Im!""ri.1 GIIQ .nd tll,,'.r
head of Ih... .nd lhe Elllp..ror "a5
6nal ."lIoorilr fur Iheir ."li,ili!'S. Fe oIflCi,,1s
10 him... nd I... had fe'" offieial hi:.e....
The ..r$ of War .nd reported direclly
10 him. nd ""n"" ..ere independent of the
resl of Ihp rAbi"el.
to llw
b. Officii' I a,h;...:-r lQ rhOl Emperor .. nd
J!NHrp ...,," ,he S"I"..."re Wllr
QUIIl"il (S.iko &";;0 Shido KIligi). which con
of rh" Prime Minister. mini.re'. of WflT
.",1 Nu.'. chiefs of Ihe Armr alld Gene",1
Staff;. Ilull the FOn'ij.'" .\linWer. '1'1... E"'l... rol
all.."ded its couferences;
i",ponAut oIfiei.\i ..ere called i" for dire<:l eon

III. MILITARY INTELLIGENCE
JAPANESE ARMY ORGANIZATION AFTER REORGANIZATION, 1945
D
"t th.t .....el "f e<)lJIm.nd. 8._ tb. oee.
'.niewl'<.!.,... "'lie"..J tll hawbeen 1Iboft ....
age in tl... J.pII........nny and ...
IMy pre8Um.bly OOIIlmanded auptriOl" um., it It
I(tb.bl. thai the l'id"", (tf inlellifeMt' ill c-..
I""er "nill; ""1''--11'8 the ideal,.nd that the ._.
81-... ""it fell "'10" lbe otandatd deo.:-ribed.
e. A simplified ,.hrt showing tbe army Olpll.
iution (botll gn,mnd an,1 air) f"nowing the ...
nrlfl'"iZlllio" f"r def.."...., of the Ro".. Iolando
in the vf is ginn ....Iow:
d. Prior to the of ,he air anni...
defelldi"lf the Horne lslands w...... the eon.
1f",1 of th.. defe""" annies. each itf ,,'hirh "'." rfo.
for the l>f. "i,'"'' -=1i"n of U...
llomel""d. Tht "rindp.1 ella"""," ., that t"' .
as it atfer1.'l chart 2 are:
(1) defelll'e \l'h .I>oh"h..d .nd 11",
JAP INTEL
"" lb. J """T. ', r oil"".. "'""'..... ,...
"n',' 'b".. _ho _ Ob ....... , "''''.' '..'100
"', 'I'b., _ U.. "II"".. 'b b 1' _ .
.'b" 'b. W.. C." ,,,. 011",.. $oboo'. n..
bb'r Ih. old _",." ""h.''' ' I.''', b'" ,.
lb,
IEMPEROR
I STAfF I
I
DEFENSE AIR AREA ARMY
AREA ARMY HEADOUll.RTERS
OUTSIDE
JAPAN JAPAN
I
."
DIV,SIONS
J
I
I
DEFENDING
I
ARMY
I I
AIR ARMY ARMY JAPAN
(G,oundl
AIR DIVISION J
DIVISION
I I
."
I
OIV'S'ON
REGIMENTS
I I
AIR REGIMENT J
REGIMENT
SOllAORONS
I
REGIMENT
I I
SOl)AORON
J
I
BATTALION
BATTAL'ON
I I
COMPANY
COMPANY
I
PLATOON
CHARt :II
I
PLATOON
- RESTRICTE
JAP INTEL
i"fol'm"tiou d,'ri"NI hu,n "'''''y ""n,Ct'" O"er "
Ion!! l'('riod of time. "nd by .";1'111';
wh", "b,.ionB t"ctir,,1 S,tu"tlO" s" ,t
"fler the Inndin!! in the Gilberl,.., these
".-,cu,alll within 1':'0
as to Ihe time of projec",<1 AHied "nd
the gener,,1 a,,,," iH which "rllOn wOHld
II'IlS fon'CA_t from IWO w.'eks 10 n ",onth In ad-
,snre. prior to landi,,!! on 1\\"0 Jim'" A" ..
>oss'hlo "ltern"ti"elI ol""n 10 Ihe All'es nfll'I'O\\e<l
] , .. ,'. thes<'
the .J"p,mese wCre suc<:essful In ,mprO\111!;
""ti",atl'S.
c. The di"i"ion of the A"lIIy Gl'u,
"r,,1 mnde nO I"'o\"i,,io" for the 1I<"'fol''''s,:",'
f"'WI;"'," '"el"tinj! 10 t"rl!et """Iy,is. ph.,to
telliCJlr<'. lechnic"] inlellij!elU"o 01' /I"k "'t('I1,-
j!c,we al SI"ff le,:e1. The de,elopln,"t,
these fU'lctiolls;n 'Hbordll\nle ,,,,helu,,," lal'ked d,
,",'Ctio" ",ul coordination and Wa" i"",h"'I""I,'
U. S, stm,dards. . ,
d. Tlll' tabhos of ''''1!8,l\Za,,,,,,
l"-O"ided fo,' intelligem"e ,,,,il<l i" ''ehelo"". !lown,
to ""d induding AI'''')'. It the
di,'isions t(> "s.<ign Sn ollicc,' to fnll lime
;;:ence dutie<, bnt below di\"ision these f:lI'''IlOnS
'-"'e"e assig,ted lIS "dditional tD :"l offieer des
ignAled by the unit, co,nm"n,h.nj! ofhrer. .
No speci,,1 schools existed", th(\ "my the
, . ,nin" of officers nSS;j,,"'ed to OI""I"I'tlO,,,,1 II\tell,
r.' '" " . . ih
"enee duties; howHer, 111 .e
rumln",,,nlals of imelligence \\"as included III baB'"
officer training.
2. Orgll"izllliQ" .
". The Al'my Gener,,1 SIrlff WIlS Ihe hiI,,,t t8('-
ti""l cou,,,,,,nd in ,I", A,.,ny and 1>o.t1
1
""onnd lInd ni,' f"rel'S, Tltble, uf org"n'Za1l0n IS
'" Ihe Gelle,.,,1 SlatT staft'
sect ions "nd p,.,wided for lhc of the
I'riu"ipal olli""r._ in ,,"ch, hill Ihe of ,talf
O"J!"niz>lt ivn in the wem II orkcd (,ut. tv a "e,')'
I"rge eSleHt by tl'll field "on"na'ul,-,.,.. '1:lw G.'u-.
ern! Staff prescribed "n inlelligenee !!l'Ct'OH ",,1.\
"JJ fa,. <lvwn as nl"llly (glln) in the fOI"l'e5
""d IIi,. di"isiou (hikoshid"n) in ,1;" f01"':CS.
E"en nt. tb""", the I"hlps of 0,.s"ui1.atlO."
issued from "bove set 'np the "sttlff" intelh-
,
RESTRICTED
RESTRJCTED
I, SummAry
A.. AI'Ill.'" ]l,... p""tl 1-I,.,.hO,. ph",,,i.n;.!
fll..... 1110.... "'81' wilh It"""i" th"u w,t!'
the United lind Ih" wei!!hl of he.r
"et;"iti,,,, "ud or!!8"izllti(m j!M"'lInted '"
thar di',-'<:lion. ,,-,,ul1 <>f Il,'" of ."",,,. 111
CI,inA 8nd P'"eI/1'MlIi"n for po,.",ihle WAr w,ll, the
SoH'iet Union. lhe J"pAne:;e h"d d",(lo[l(,,1 811
('ff"'li,'" ;ntelli... s..-,tern iu Chin8
churi" un<ler dil'('l'l ''OlItl'ol of lilt' Cl"m"", ..x.
Arm.,'. in Ch;na "",I. thfl
\nu\" ill :\lanchurm. I'd..,.red 10 '" hod, 8,e", A.'
;'ok,;,,,,, Kiklln Se,.,.ioo
In Chinn this Ol'"",niMlion c"'Tic'll out fifth l"l
umn aNi"ilili'S in "t'('AS whi,.h tl", Army
intended 10 oceup.' and aft .. r l:>e'"
formed lilli"",n function" l:>el W('l'n Ihe Clu"e"., pilI"
l:>et b",,en,m,.,lt allll thl' I"
)IAnch"l'i" Tok",utl Kik"" III "SI'IOIIaj!('
Arti"itl'OS the nu;;.<ian bnnl,'.' ond WA" .llw
.\l'mY'. chief so"'"<'e of
Rus>;ian "eti"ilies in that ",ea. A 5"",1,,1' ""elll-
gence org"n;zation 0llerllled ill Bnnn" oolh hdol'e
And the mll'eut of war with the Uuite<l SI"les
and there is "mple e,'idence thnt Ihe .rapanese
were attempting to e.nend ""d perpetuate the
"eti"ities of theil' ,,,,derem'er agents tl.lrough
de"elopn>ent of such "n o,.gun;zation III the
Philippines. (See part VI, Spe<:ial Se,.,'ice
OrgnlliZlltions.) , . . .
h The war in tlte l'ac,hc alfor<bllmle 01'1"'"
tunitJ (0,. the expansion of an intelligence
H,tem simila,. 10 thnt de"elol>ed in Chinn,
churia and Burmn. As a I'esult, the
Arlll)' did not ooncej,'e nor a rentral, Ill
telligence orgunization eu:bracmg the. "ar,ous
funclions ronsidered essen"al to effet:tl\e opera
tional intelligence. The 2nd Dh'ision Gen
enll Stnff, the highest int,;lligenee UI"t ", the
Annl'.oonsist.ell of 1i staff officers "nd 4(1 "ltn,.h",l
oflirers at the eud of the ,,'sr. The ?lh
of the 2nd Dilision. respo",;ible for
relating to America: Engl"nd and PllCif,ic "reaS.
hod a tOlll1 of 27 ollicers assigned. lts d"ef fnnc
tion WllS to prodnCl;l estimntell of, c,,
p"biliti"", and to ws,
ning. Through detailed a"d carefnl 8"alp's of
IDOTlEO LINE SHOWS LI.'SON NU,.SER OF OFF'CERS SERVEO CONCURRE"TLY 'N
BOTa THE GENERAL 5TA'F tN THE MIN,STFIY I
j. Throulfhuut lIMo ... war ...., 7
inl..I1,..."........ haml'Pftd by Iedt ttl..,. iIttIIII-
"">t\" 1'1'OjInm. 'J1w.re ................
...... ",,hool nd till .I*"ial _
.\m'J W., ('ollell'" 01' lbe A,.
I rallllnl/" :'leho,,!. , i"IUo;h lraininlt' in i",...II;.-.
..."" /oI"'..n ...... inc"lent.llorollrlltll i.n tactiQ.lllib-
t ...y hi>tory and 'munit'alw..... Uld ........... _
..It'! l,o "''''Iii''' uIlfof"tttllo I..nt !heir
dut,.... in fiel<l. 'n lhe "flt"l'i.l fur
... ,nununirali""" <:JlIio:er, .nd "holo
...... on dUlie
th.n III t .... ""hooI....Lut .."' tllf'rf lra,n;",
..... ",.oI""-I".t.. II.I' l' ...,..lard>.
4. lP Oper.,io
L f;........
111 n.. J .. pallftot! .\rmy Gmeni &.1 ((ltlSli-
lul..d tI.... .rmy ,,_nd. n..
WUl lho::rod o,nsioa of 0.....
ft'Ill It ...J Clf __
""Imp- "',Ih .\1 lbe
of II ... "1m", _IL
of aboIll ::!(l ud few "",1i.l.od __
(;",1<1h ,1<> 1I0'i! earl .. in lioW ...bom _ ... 1
III"O..i,cio".1 .... bolh to help tilt'
bn.Iql1aM ...., Uld 10 ftC'OoJ .... ...hid>
"0II1d qll.hfy lbtm f,of" 6eId the
end of lhe ...... It "rprnzau.. IllId .. rm.."1h of
the :h>d Dirisl.", lib indw:at<!'d i.n ("bart .. on
follo.-mg
(21 n.. f'nDoCIllaI ....ilabJe
to Ihe .\rm)' Ge,,,,ral SUf ......... ,
I.) Rtopor1o' fl"Om fom,n all.acbid (flU' \'j.
(b) (oo'mtmiral ....... ;,lI"_IIUOD
VI.
t.. ) TlIn....l .........rdl ""1On>- lpaM \'j.
ftll from ._.1"IIl_ antI.\i. Gflto....l
lI.tltl".M...... in drt.il bel_I.
It.-port.. fl'Ulll ....... 'In-
..."rt ........,..l'd .t llenodlC -t.llDHlWS!' .ttt',1tled
b, roief. of t"" ;.e'"BIlI-,ion,. of tbe Arm..
.;,,1 S... O.,,,,ral .nd b.,' pt'1":lO....1C'OlltaCr
lwt"....n jll"ior oIIi<-e.... ill tl....\tal,- 2nd
."tlll", :S-.,)' 3rt! In a,lditiOll.......
a"d _""''''.Mfo. of m",u.1
,::rchftlljl:N!.
In f,,"n N'11.in ci"il
Ij.."t'lltit'l<. sueh ._" ,h.. FON'ign ."d HOI""
Mlld,tr).
1US1l1.lCTED

JAP INTEL
lioll of ... hi"h ....s 10 k""p .b !lt of tfof"h.
de'I('I'IIIPIlI . , G e..1 S1.ff ...: Ih..
I'rn""r)' I",,,,t of dHribulio" of .ir
RS ... R8 ,LrTOliud
A,.implili",1 .h.rt .howing II... ,,,.in
'1II.. 11IJ:"'''ce both j!."",,,1 .nd
ai 1'/'okro Il\Ill.. .... S.
f. lnlh.. ".rl)' "Mlnlhs of ...ar II", oolk of imelli .
1:..,.... d.'11 ,,-ith to Ihe lnit... 1 .ntl
G""'I n ..itRin .."..., rUM,i>I...1b., Ih.. ...y ."ti
:\II",r"".1 .1.ll\Il'H'>t' lll."ni,,
rt'<'I", ... "'Il"'.te- or fol"t't"- .t It.-
,,-Itii. tI.. PhiliPl'i""" (f....'" .. _"."' ,......
of Ih" I'hillppirlO'l> ,obt.in.d I.tt' ,n So tl'bPr
1(1.11) "tllh...."'thern ......... ."tI
"""rate. It"'h nUl umil 1(1.1,1 ... 1",.. Ih
.\IIifl.1 often-,i,'" i.. Ihe 10 -in
lWlmt'ntUnl th.t Ill. J.pan_ pl"t'liring
n_1 for beuu
1;h Ill. ..-ar til. J.pa_. an:onl,
illl: to of Ill.ir .\rm1 oftit.e...... ""." 10
mO.... OOI':lt'"iou;; of lhe ,.. I... of.n ..
OI:em .nd ti,. ohortt'Ominp of iMir
0""". A _tall" colO'",1 """!lent fronl Tok..o 10 reo
"I}..."iu mlellij.....,.... or Ii,. I5t:h .t
N.'-,,1 in r1 194:1. AI .I_t I""MOd full.
I ill'" im..lhl.. " vIIiee,.,. "--'1-"11<'II .1 til> ;"'01'
...,-..1. ...tl i'Kliri<lual comm....Ie", in both Iho
I:,o..ntl.ntl.ir fo,.....;; '"",rea""" lhe number of 016
""... in till" ,I ..r llIt.llig<''''''' >lion.,
h. In elro"", ",.de b." Chief of .\rmy
to It.. nnmho:. of oftio!:n
..",lb"""lto ,I.. 2..d !)i,",1OIl of tM
General SI.II" 1.....1 ..-ilh 1'lIle It ....! no!
until nr th.. "nd of Iho- "'.r that ... ne'"
",,,n ........ IlaII.."oeUlo h... inl..
i. In the .i.. foN:'e tIll" p.lIrrn "'ll!Isimil.r. D...
to Ih.. n.lu.... of .ir for' opentio"," nl<W't' em
h.d been 1111":'0'<1 0" ;nlelliJ:"'n ",.uef'll in
10...er ""i18 unil coo"'Ul>lld"nl) 1... in tl...
...... All .."as Ih" Cll>e in Il,e j,,"rouJItI fol'OPl!. ho
"lfol'1<l of person".1 at lIe.d.
q"arlet'll to iuc....se the inrelJi!!fil.... S1.ff W"rfO 001.
.. In the thoroughJ""Oi,,g rt!Orb....iulion
of d,e Rir fot("1'lII i" ,\ 1',,119-15. II ",,,.11
.....-:1 ion (!l1O 8 Offieoll"ii and 3 or .... m"") WII8
"'1 "I' "n,l., .\ir Oe""".1 HeorlqllAM"rs (Kolon
thtl new t",1io;:,,1 air ('()",,,,.ntl
Ilt Ihllt ti",,,.
CHART m
AIR M,NISTRY
A'R HEAOOUARTERS
Teclln,col
IntelhQenu
JAP INTEL
gence There, ... 118 oLt"inl"ll rnl h"r
'hil)' .. nd """'I op"tIIlio",,1 ..... " 01.
Ini""tleilher from Chi"""" who <'()lI .. wilh
th" J.l"lnese or from "l!:""ls
in >p.d.1 8u.h u TokuIII" KikR" ("cart
VI) ,..h'"h ,..".... Ilndl'r Ihe ...... -CHI)'.
b. ,\." a """II. Ihe Pearl H.rbor .ttack f"ulld
t J "1)ant'5@ "'it h onl}" >",.il
imellil,,,,ntt fll'ct;on. I 2nd Dh'ision nf th" Anu)'
...1Stalf. It of 20 nfficen- ."d
20 .",1 ...1 of ,,-hom hIl.1
...1 ;ntellij.. ...llce lraininjl:.
c. In Ihe lield. higl..81. COIIlllUlt.. .... 11..
........ nni"", on. of ..-hich <!'ach of the
IIrillcil",1 tl' I..n, of "p..,..tion.... 'n", K..-anlulljZ
\Mll}" (the m,) in .\lIlnchuri.) b.d .....11
organized ..", d... li"l: ..-ilh int..lli
Ru&<ian ... p"bilil;'" ."tI int..n
in .\.si.\ ...... nn;.,.oth.... lh.n Ih.. K,,a,,
lung Ann)' h.d ",,,.11 81..ff.... The in.
uni1.S ho:lo..........ml}" le..fi "'erfO 01"'
10 inform.tion. hut Ilot 10
iL
d. In the .ir force;;,. ... h"'\1 ......... 5noo.,lin.l", 10
t1", .'\Mm...en- n"l<:h Ihe HIlle
.\1 Tok):o headqu.rt,"-f'S. there ...u. 5m.U inlelli
IInil ...ilh 2 Or 3 oIIioeers, the pr'DC'l'..1 fUll<:.
PRE-WAR HIGH COMMAND
ORGANIZATION
GENEIlAL STAFF
2"" O..",on
11n!t1l'genCi I
JAPANESE ARMY
INTELLIGENCE
'ndi,id".1 Jap"n I'rolJer n
IMlM.d di ...... t to th. ....1SlnW.
(2) '1,. air IIrm)' in Ihe 1I<.mel.nd. NoMlo
Chin.nd Kore. "'u and Ihe .ir d,,i
,ion in th.... "'" .......' "'ported In "
,.t.. W,;('<:tion. A,r ... I llead,I".n. ..... ,Ii ......tl)
nuder ctud of S1 .. W. O .. the .. ,r .. rm)
....... ret .. ."d .1111 .... 11Ort...1 to Ih........... rm)'
,n Ih. thealer.
3. Pr... If/.r Arm, IH,..llig""c<l lOud 1f/.rTim"
D do!>"'...'
a. I're r imdh{1{,llff .... in IhJap.n_
.\nu) J.lmg to tM [jnited St .. t..... and GM'l<t
Brit.in ..e.... l_lhoM>lIjl:hl)- ..ni_Ilh." in tl ...
J.p,">eoe T...o "","-...,n,.t'" by J.Il"

(I) Pt"'...ar IMlintN to..... nl "ar
agai"", Ilus.>i I.nd ca"'V-ign in
.\l.nchurind ;-;ibt"a in "'II,,,h th..pritl<:ipo.l in
t"lliger>c'" _rft::! ...oold hi' ob.!ooo.....I'on po6U,
ami undel'OO"er .",,,,m,,,. Ih.
wore .l.bonle .)-.t"'" '-1)' in
conducti,,#, ..-.r o'-.r th009l1l'1s of "'lU.rfO m,l"",
....". nor. d...."'],ol'.d.
(2) The ,II (1"". did ,ltlI ",oim OUI
1M of .n el.oonle 0lleralion.1
RESTlUCfED
RESTRICTED
8
JAPANESE ARMY GENERAL STAFF
INTELLIGENCE ORGANIZATION
(AT END OF WAR)
2nd DIVISION
INTELLIGENCE
LieYlenont Cene,ol
"
Mojo, C.n.,ol
I I
Slh SECTION SECTION SECTION
RUSSIA a EUROPE
UNITED STATES
LATIN AMERICA
ENGLAND 8
CHINA
(E.etud,ng Eng'ond)
SOUTHERN AREAS
Coton.1 ,,, LI Colonel Colon.1 0' Ll CoI.",.1 Colon.1 0' 11. Colon.1
Ch,ef Ch,el
,
Slott Off,c."
,
Siolt Office"
,
Slall Olf,c."
16 Alloehed Ofhee" 16 OIl,C8I" 13 Alloctled Ortice'$
CHART V
(Il) A.poDud
tire beglllllllll{ of Ihill ..1uIp1" illteUlJIDar ....
for s,:" ....... I.......ribo>d by tM tahIeIr.,
0I'pIllZllhOll 10.'111'<1 In Tokyo, lout tJHo 1111...1_
I"",ili"ll "f IIoe It>; flllll1io') and it. u...
1"'l1an"", "&rie,J ..id"I)' ."tlo Ihe Irmy can_
t..-nled, Th.. "" "'e"".Il<).."wt.th !r"IM'l"allyp.
by the K".ntung Army (the area
lin,,) lrr )11I1",hll,i.). tit...,...,. .n.. ie. ill 11M'
ern .ud s ..... srmies orgJlnized in lhlatter
-I.g/!!!,,(the "'&rlodefe"d the Homel.",!. Within
the ''''''' i"'leguri.., of ""i", Ii......!
"bo",,. lit.. "" w.. "" ""lilt difr,n," lHrr th.. "'"rlill
tONlY T"'E "sr.-F" OFfICEAS AAE 5tiO"'N TtiEAE WEAE 5OM[l'MES AS M.IIY AS 30
"ATTACtiEO" OFfICERS. 'I' CIV'llANS .100 It EflllSHO .. EN ,N 'tiE INt{llIGNCE SECTION
IN.ADOITION TO T"'oSE 5",0.. N ON TtiE CHART MOST OF THESE wEAE AS5IGNEO To
ToK<lNU KIKAN AND H'E GENE"Al IhlTElllGENCE SUB-SECT,OIlS 1
,Iouri". tlo.. 1!1'I'.ler P8<' "f lilt: .... fr
w",.k, uwh"JuIll" ... WIIS ,1')IIe al Ihe Ir""
Ill'I,,) he'''!'l',lllrl''rs ,,1,,1 Ih" Ar",)' inlelligen<'e
w"" ("j'lil1l" mOn, thsn t",ns,,,i1ll>i,,"
fill".!! "f ill ""lIle l'Ilm.
I,k, II,e Solumon.. "1' th.. <ler,,"o of
whlelo WI"" ",lr fnml II,,, "re" "nu)' Ire.,l,!u.r_
len, the 1l1'ln)' h"d 10 tllke l>"er ll'e .,.K ("''':ti",,,.
non.''''II)".l",,.rolmed b)' Ih.. llrell IInll). 'n'eref",re.
Ihe (un"tiol)s of th.. ,,,...,, in Ihe
Dnd Ihe Ann)' in '''''113 where
II <lll....,tl)' cunlrolled by th....re" linn)'
",rllj"lI)" Ihe .... I".... "d u'(\ dillCu_llogeth"r
ill 'his >ie<1i"n,
JAP INTEL
COhlMAhlO1NG
GENERAL
I
CHIEF OF
STAFF
I
SECTION
,
SECTIOhl II SECTION m SECTION m
OPERATIONS INTELLIGEhlCE
ECONOMICS
COMMUNICATIONS PROPAGANDA
SECTION
TRANSPORTATION (COlon.1 cn;.f l
TOKUMU KIKA" PROPAGANOA
GEhlERAL
INTELLIGEhlCE
(IOfflcor) P OH,cor)
(30ffle."l
KWANTUNG ARMY STAFF AND INTELLIGENCE ORGANIZATION
,Iitrrled the pl'incip,,1 eolltl'ibu(;orr of ill1"llij,.,(!llce
to hc,,<I'1rr"I'lel">' pl"'lI\inl!' The Intelligence n;,i.
,iol1 "ccflsiOlutily 1'1>0"1" "I 11,,
of ollIe" .hp"IlmCUIS or lhc (iClI""ltI Sl"fr
01' or Ai,' FOI'ce Hcn,hl'Hllt"rll ami ch-:ke<i lIHll
",)mmcnled llllOn Na,y est ;rnales.
(to) to are" IlI'my hc",hlu"r.
t"l-S nnd to Ai,' Gencrld H,'adqullllerl<. Urgent
irrfl>rrtllltion innuirrcnt nltllck 01'
Chllllj!C ill enemy plnl1s sent, 0111
by In addil;on, periodic repol'l;. l,wel"-
ing st,,,rrglh. disposition lind imenlions
wel'e i$Sue<lll1len.d"., iuti'I\"ls. lint! "nce II monlh
"I' intelligcltl't' 'ltmmory c<><"eril'g thil gelwl""l situ_
"Ii"n ill Ih" U. S. WllS published. in-
hlligclll"(> and "il"<:I'HfI "'I'Ub'l,itioll rn",,,,,i,,1 wus
""Ht I' i"ter-,'" Is wh"n","" ,,"ll ilable
infon""lion justified.
b. OrOl",,1 ArmylJd(>U' General Siaff
(I) The Jllpllne"" ,\ "'j!llni>:a.tion l'''O\'ided
f"r ,,,-ell nl'millS which l"OI'I-eSIlO,HI 1"Oughly 10 U S
IhealH ''Qnllunnd;;, and llrmiiOl which wel-o undcl'
t!lll "I"''' '"!Hies. III slubiliud thenters like M"ll-
JAP INTEL
(I!) of _\1Ji,,,1 -hip. I,h"'" M",l
,,,,"'iue
(:I) The imelligence ,h.la S<J ,",-'(,in"l
""ohmle<l ,,"d I nformnli"ll
cumulaled.!n(widedlh" for the l'ep"ns "ud
n'l:ommeluhlti"us m"de 10 d'll Gener"l Slaff by
the 2nd Division lInd the 1"('llOrlS ""nt 10 10w1'I'
eclod"lIs, bmh ground ,,"d "il". The principal
types of e"lim"leil compiled "nd ,1i,lrib,,\('(1
:
(0) Enem." slr..ngth ""d dispositions.
(b) enpnbilili"" "utl inreutions.
(e) Generlll sillmtion in enemy '",,""Ir';es i,,-
c1mlinj.! l,,"o,ludiul1. rnornl<l "ud I" wag'-
wnl.
(d) I'CIror'ru"",,, lInd cll:u'"ele,'isli,'l\ o( em'lll.'

(e) Ai",,.,,(1 lllHl ship recol;nilion m"le,i,,1.
(4) Heports e.:n-eriug Allioo strength. enpabil-
ili"" nml intentions Wert' the Chief
of the St"lf wh"ne'.,, lIew infol'ln"lioll
chsnb...u Ihe JlNll"iOllS estilllnte. but in su.' Herrl
Ihe weekly stair meetings. The!'{' "'I",rl;; ,On
RESTRICTED
RESTRJCTED
10
CHART IIr
"
STAFF ORGANIZATION, JAPANESE 8TH ARMY
ON HtE C.. ART ARE HIE OH'CEIIS 'N ADlllflON,
'2 TO OH'CEII' "'ERE ATTACHEll TO TilE STHF, OR 4 OF "'HOM "'EIIE AS,IGNEO
TO TilE "HEllIGENGE SOI-SECflON.1
[ (;OMMANOING GENERAL I
(;tciEf OF STAFF
I
I
IOPERATIONS I
I
SUPPLY a (;OMM.
I
I
INTELLIGENCE
REAR ECHELON
OPERATIONS
LI COIOMI
LI Colonal
I 0' Z Offoea.,!1 NCO.
MOJO'
.nuy Ilat flit a -a.
oc:.I"" 'Ilte only ne orIt IIlldtrtaIt. .,
thellll.lly,i'lIe<:Iion ..hi"h tmdertnok 10 ...,.
...rlwrrampa.,.... .......aam.inem ...
e'eel; ..e ladial in the put, to penU& ..
annioetl w prollt by thit nperienre.
(ll) IIiI'PWr< 1be tablH of .
,aniulion l.ron.uJplf'd 'rom Tokyo did Dol pro-
..ide. fo.. an inteIhge...... o.ta' belo.. anny ,"..I at
lhe beginn'lllf of lhe _.t, .... in
lIlOI\lha of the Qr. lhe ro.. a inr.elli.
oIIioP:r.1 di ..i ion lerel bel'a_ appaf'C'Jtt .....
I dirilion inu-lJi,.....,. u6:ft _.. proriJed far di.
rectly untl.erlhediriamo chiefof st". Thi.il""'r
- .. nOl.. oArer- but _ 10 the
g.'... in the C&Oe i".ll lU1i belQ. .nny, the
dutl'"' or the inl.. oArer at di..-won \e1"..1
.-ere dJ'erent 111 the ...n- ........... Ho ,
regar-d_ uf orpnlUl_1 In
f"lK'tion.......... perlOl'-.wd ia _rly .........,. diri.
5iwL 1be imporu.ut of 1M. _ere:
(., Th.e I'('pcot1>- 'rom '-.... IlIUW...-erning
enealj' _y anti
_"I'(' COCIIiOlidated and f.,.....nIed 10 the "",,y.
Ib) PnlIOIW'ftl of ...... _ere i"ul'l"OgRIed at dJri
5ion Ierel by IplClRl and re-
I"'"" _ere l'rtpal'l'd for Ira,,_ittalloO bopoer .".
lborily, .-\.rmy doctrine prorided that.U prison.
er. "'1'1'(' 1Q be MIl to dJriDoot for
(c) .-\.11 e&ptUrN docwDmt.. 1I't!ft lIt!-IIt 10 diri.
Au.. foren........ uoa ..... traailll>on.. l10eft they
_ere. I!t.:I"fleDed.. .nd _ iJ'IlbJavd anti _t to
hlgbet be.adquarv.....
(d) C.ptul'l'd equipment .... 1"HftI!d II di..i-
aion and th.1 lhoughl impartanl ..... ",""t
10 higher beadqu.rt.er< fOf" analym..
(.. ) Silu.tion mal''' _re It........... daily.
The infomt.alioR 18 to rhange ia QluatioD .....
/JeIlt by ditpatdt to the tc'menl and w the area.
.rmy 'or transmiMion to Tokyo..
(f) Dirision ... _ponaible for Clen.ain palrols.
but h.d no $(l'l'C:i.1 palrol "niL Per90mIel far
I..(rol$ ..."" dn.... from from lilll' "RilS,.
(4) B"lotr f)i..irimt Ll'Nl. In the
fott't'i th.. di ..iolion ..... lhe lo"'f:;\1 umt
"-hi,,h h.d .11 illlell;,ellel' UlUI, .lthough Ihere
or ........ fllnt.1ioo. in thr n.lure of
in lhe Io"'..r :\\1
Jo"'u erh.. rl'Oln Ililloon Ull "el'l'
for J.rt.'J.. ring "'1'01'1$ to Iht! di,'iliioD hlladqllll1er.s
IA.P lN11!L
IKlrll. prisoner of "'ar reportB, relKlrtl! from ""p.
l"ll>(l dOCuments, phot" 1",1 ,'is".1
rt!IKlrti>, gro"nd palrol rellOrIIl. ele. "'rre collected
Rnd ..ulo.led. To thill inform.tion "'18 "'ded
originaliRg .t arn.j' 1..,.1 (lIw.Uy
includillg ,,",J\l!l of 1'111""" oommuRiraliona inter.
....ption), Ind thn from Toltytl, E8ti.
m.lell "'el'l' then "I'('pared .nd lIent to Tokj'o head-
quartertl .lltl to tlirisiOR d.ilj' by ntlio. and by
...nll..ll I'('ports "''''ry 10 d.)"S. The "rillen 1'('.
IKln" "'ere prepa....d iR sul!icient numbel'1l 10 8tIp'
ply I'('gimrnlil in the I!'ro.",d fo"""" .nd .ir
di,Won. in tbe ai .. Abont once a mooth I
j,.'1':lIt!nl JlUlIlIllln' of ronditiOl'" ill lhe L"nited
&.tell "'as pobli.hed for lhe ".llle distribulion.
The GenenJ 51.11" del'''llded to. "ery grfttexlelll
on ...,. annj' el'Iimalt!8 of baltle oroer ...tI eDt'my
iRI..nliO"5 Illhough, of t'OUIW, their _im.18
.....1'(' cheeked .gaill5t information from miIit .,.
.t1ache;r and other lIOUrres not ..ailabl6 to
oomm.nd..1'll.
I.. ) no_l-J.
Aft ..r the f.1I of lbe Pbilippillt!lll il became .ppar.
ent to lbe JlpalJt'lle Ih.t .n inrasion of u.. Home.
l.nd ..... imminentnd 10 ..- this the
defenlle fol"Ce8. both ground .nd .ir. "'ere re-
orgaRized in the "I'rillg of 19-1:', .\t thi.. ume
IIOOM! of Ihe )'OIlnl!"r .-n ..ho b", !ltM"t'd for
l'Ol\$idenble I;tllt'> in the md Diri:sion of lbe Anuy
Gen..nl Stall" "'1'1'(' 1'1.-1 .t the head of lhe in
I.. lIIions in Ib" J'('<,)'P'nu.ed df'fmse
Arrnifti. These tn..n "1'... experienr<'d ...d ftlt
ket'>nly lhe in .I.rmy l..nL
'\'brn th..y look orrr Iheir ne" as;;ignmenl!llhey
IIt!I III' much intelJigen Unilll. Ih...
l.herollilfore bet'>n found in J.p.a mue>-. \\1ule
Ih..1'(' "'rre minor diKrepancies het rell 0'P'mza-
tion. in t .... ne'" .nnie;; th..), "'ere quill' aimil.r ill
_ntial R!;pe<:1-S. Th" otgl"izatit,m of Ihe :.ilh
Ann)' "b.rged ...ilh the defense of th.. fll.<tern .nd
IiOIHhern coaSI. of K)'ushLl is 1)'picaL This OJl, ..n,-
zal ion is "ho...n iR "h.rt i vn n",,1 IWlge.
(d) Si""" fe,,' lrained illl..Uigenre ...
.v.il.bl" .Rd littleti"", ,,'.s left 10 tram them."
,,u desired 10 mike I>et:i.li.sli! of Ih_ m..11 in
,'ery IIarro'" 6elds. 11, .. nt.....nn)' im.. lligen....
l'el'""",,,ted .n of th.. e>ldnd
"ot ft radic.1 drl'"..t"... from (onner
f"nct ionij of "II $<l\"ell of lhe sections ..d III
Ihe Hlh Ann,l' h..d "erfonned m the old
J.... P INTEL
e.1,ionllj!r (mulrr Tpk",,'" Kiklln) ill
,.".,' '", i"oI"''''II,le"t "f II", I "ky" ,"'I' ,).<c. ,
diplo"'.lir It I.Rd r"r
"rnd ,u"" 1",1",...lhe r, "'"r "",!c-r
:'",1.Ill1 'or lIr"r l"<,,,,,ootWllditi,,M M",I t"n.HI.
errtl b,' JRI,nll","" 10 b,' ...,r)' ,,,f,,,.,,,,,,l.
Xo ill orj.!allizHI,on In'n' matle
tlurinj( Ih.. war .ntl nOli'" ,,-1' ....
b,' Ihe J"pnnl':!e.
. (b) .I,.",i"< in A""/I'.
Table;; of organiulio".t Ihe 1.oq!mlllnjt uf the "",.
I,ro,-idetl for an """ at n.,..
a"d anm' Ie"'" "'hieh e"" ",.lietl".'r U)' l. S,
.\ "l,i",,1 IS u..liH... l to be Ih.,
of lhe SIh ...-ilh h...<1'II .. rtr,.,. III ltuoo"l
"'hieh t'OIltroU..tI.ll.m1\ in uw SOUlh '
J'.cifi". 'n,e ol.1r sho...n on Ihe f"l1 injt
ehan.
I. Al .m, 1.....,1 Ih.. fro", 10,,-er L1nit.s.
shill' ..in'" sighting....ir In.ek \'(".
RES11UCTED
RII,1 f"ncl'"'' 11\ {'RCI. Rr.1' ,,,Di-
eielllh' 8iuul.r I" l'e1"ll\lt "",I"rm ,II..''''''''''''
(R)' 1I:""",lu"y .I,.,,,y. In Ihe I.hl'
,,-.r Ihe Ar11ll', which I'rll1"... lr
l"Hp<lllJ!ibl" for 1("il/;iR, hRd
III eluoonle .nd "if""'!,'e twl,l ,nldl,lt'"lI'-'" 'r;;t."",
built arom"l ob"..r,..li"" r".." II
vf the b<> ll'...mI Ihe eo
"ivll.. .cti,itr ..f '1'""i.1 oT)(lIniUI'QIl, hkr
T .Nom"" Kikllll (p.rt \-1). "")' "... m"q"e
in Ih.t il h.d ,,,,",idenbl.. ",,,,1,,,1 e.r ",-'OIIUlme
dHeIQI'",..nl 1,,,1 illllu_tr,. in )lllndll Iltl <'Oil
II_ ,lilt ..... ",ueh 1...."'. Ih.n th.t of
n>Oo>l ..;. .n"i" '111.. oT)(.llIQt;QtI vf II... ,t.lI
.".1 int.. ,),I..m i. ,ho"'11 in :.
I. In the field of illlellij:."I'IIC't, I .... K.... "'''ng
Ann." perfom>ed both lhe func'tI",,,, ",,,.l1r IS
s4-rned IQ ...,. .m,if'" .IId m.ny of II....... I",r-
formed.1 Tokro rorolh..r ......mli _ It h.d II.>
o"'n oomD,,,nil'aliolls i"I.. """... 11$ o"'n
'HAllY 3rt
"
JtESTRlCTED
RI:STRlCTD
COMMANDING
GENERAL
I
ICHIEf OF SUFf I
I
I I
I I
ADMINISTRATION COMMUNICATIONS
OPERATIONS INTELLIGENCE
(Mala' ) (Maja,1
tLt Colon.l) (Molo,)
I
NAVAL ORDER ANALYSIS GROUND ORDER AIR ORDER
SECTION OF BATTLE OF BATTLE Of BATTLE
II OIlica11 (IOfle-J t I Dff,cu' I I Offic.,)
TERRAIN
."
WEAHI1l
INTELLIGNCE SECTION
II Off,c.,)
II Of/,ud II Officer'
IOl"tiallWUl'l&I
.. ... beoc_-. Ahar ....
.,"" nmpalj(U\llied .u po_ .,..
1....1."... __. but I,", Japa_ PIaiII
Ii> I..,. blooen .bIp 10 ......... inf__...
kilO,, at In.,, I"" nUIII"'. of front .. ".. """" ill
"1lE"nlion Ind 1ot.1"' of denol{oJNl>ftll "f Mdo.
On Iht boo..,,, of Ihi" iufom>alio". ,,",In.. of Iloe
"umber "f 1,lllII'" ,,-hieh could ... I_I in I'"
COIIll:tftl area ,,.te m.de. count of Allied
,.. hi"h III nIck Jill'''''''''' 1I'l"1"
u Ii,.,,, f,"' ""i,,,nl ... of Ihe of
in ICIl,"1 ol'e""il"'. The J.p.,........ <'<""id."",1
Ih..", ....li'II"I'-"'I '0 boo OOtrel1- "ilbin :lilt 1>1',.,..111.
Air 1('('1""..al illlelli,,"'n obI.ill.d .n.l.
of c... ,I....1&ll'<'rafl II rmr .ir ",,:Imical
depart.lltlllat TKhib.... ( b"'h ..... Air
H... by ci.-ilil" tnanufact"tU'P, and
from .... ClIplnrfd dontllWtl,_ ."d ""1"""'"
from fvnoir.. di ..I,,"'...... T't'pre.;enuu.... Trini
cal inf II011 ..... """"'it!--rfd poor. d... 10 b".k
of .1IotI f.illln' III f"'<1lHl,. tbe in-
f_liOl, .bi<'h ...... obtainabIP_ In .ddllioel
u.. ''''0 prin..,:, f"lIl'Iion.. d- &boTe. IIw
.'"'1:;"" of tllP .\.Ir
IIp.rali....... Ii]p,. 011 tna'l"n.1 h.. the
inlelli"",lll'P di ..i"on or lhe t'1.1t .nd I" .
..r air ('('h.. I",,. ,"d ....._ prt'parfd 10 .d..i.. I....
Cflmlll.n,h"iI "... ... 1 of .\It Gen..ral lleadq".r.
,.. '" on ;nl.. lliM",...., "'&lie.... It ...u 0pUllon
of o"i '" con"""I",1 ,,'ith oir imelli"...nee Ih.. il
..""l'<'i 1 littl6 i"lIu..,...., 01' J.p.n_ pl.nning.
Ue"orh pl"PINlr.d ".re limiled io 11.1'''.\it Or.
d..t of "'Ii"tol"" ". upl .ml fur.
.h. t(oI"'".nding of .\ir Get...ral
11...dqu.rt..... for bi_ ...PPkly of 11.. Gen.
.It E-tin>ales., bo.....8. "'" """1 d"
""'-" (0 """ nUs.. bbl ..... f, "......""'1 111
Io'll'fl" f'Cbp1on$ part of Gtooeral :1Oult CPfoon. ...
TfclInieal n'l"'tt_ I'reop.red at in
Il",.,..b and di"lrlOOIM by _\ir H....."..... In
.ddiu..... the -:rioon of .\ir Gtooeral
HM.dquan.........parfd aad di9:ribuud CPI'O"--
ro.-..ring irl..-t;",.nd fonn"Ia,,,,, dl"lt"ln....
to/" IIlftling thecn. _
(3) n....lr.rnlJ- .... '
the .... t liol"ld .ir uni,. Prior 10 .Jlp .-rp.lll_
of th...,r in .he 'ImDfr of &lr
on",' ,,-s_, ,"ochtd I<J .renll:" (IP'ound)
(I( ,'""'" Ind to rldel .......
lIumbul u .....i .....1 boxh .'HI t ....
lical control OO'U liM! .i.. fo",", OOIllro!
of Air .\Iinlfolry. AI th.t lin.... II",",
"'AlI a IhofOU.. of lloe .ir
romm.nd ."d ,\ir ..1 Ueadq".n.,.. IKoim
.-.. l'<'t "I' under Ih.. Gt-nt... llOl.lJ .... Ih.
laclical 1-.1 of lhe air foretll. .\ It lI...dqu.l'l"''''
rem.il)eoll und..r W... llmist!') .nd COlllinlh'(1 10
l""ere,-* "",n" nf ilo ori,,';n.1 f1l1l(li,,,,,.
lhe ...... I'''"li," d"li"", of Ih" I""
"ir ""''''''"l1d_, (Air ",,01 .\,r G.....
er,,1 IIclIllfjuRrh''''') 1101 de.rl) llrlIw". 1>",
gellerIl181nh'llIctlt i8 that Air G"''''rlll
leTS look "",.,. Ihe "petlllion"l ('O''''''.lId ill II ...
Honwland wllile ,\ir H"."I(I".rteTS CUll.
tro/ of !illl'I,lr alld t ... inillj{. (olll", d
of lhe air foru;.; Wb tl"I.ined b.l' Ihe no......
The >;tIff of Air Gene... l " ... dqual'le", or"..".
ize.:1 into four .,,'"-:1ion.; "M.lh..r.
.dministration. and 11N:' im..lli.
_ion eoru<i.<lPd of rol......1 ._
chid. troo, 4 10 7 allached olli"", ....tral S"Co.
."d nunJl... r of d ..ilia" c1.rks. h. pri"",ipal
"""rep;; of illf....nuulOlI ....n'
fro", Ihe 2nd J)i .. ii<iol1 of lhe G..ntnl l-talJ .'Hl
f...,,,, Ihe lo....r .ir ..,h.. undu it.
openiiOllai ronlrol. In .dd;tion. n .Itd of
Ihe )'Ca... _1)(>(i.1 ,,,,il lIllrh..d
diTl"l',h' 10 Air .. "" hllllh.. "'at
1"IIdeolt before lhi, IInit beg." 10 f"nction
prOI'.!dy. '/\'(']111;"81 intelligence rel'0rH fr.om .\ir
HClld'ltllll'le'" were di""'l '(I A,r G..Il.
e,.1 ,\ simplifi..d chorl ,howil1l.1
Ihe flow of "ir 10 the illl..
tioll of ,\ ir G..nc.... 1 II"a<lqllll""rs folio.... 011 nUl
page.. , ".,.
(2) .Ii,. IJeadqwuter. luJ'<1"""" ,ty.
.\$ poilllcd ""I al",'e. nlQ,.\ illl.. ...... "-ork
for l>oIh ground .nd .ir fof"Ctllll 'Il'&!l dIP
hili., of lhe 2nd of tbt> 0.".....1:1O"It. 1,.11
lhe fo,,", .... ..... fOf" 1:,,"0
nJanel'S; ai.. ordu of '-tlle.nd aIr l.fclIn"""lllI.
lelligPlloe. TIIP I'rinci.pal of ",fom'at"'"
lI:!!Pd in .\111fo(1 .'r ord".. of ...
leri.1 (boxh ...i..,.1 a1ul p!lO(o-
n.I)";:j. of .\IliM SUI'p1)' "'OO"Pllltnl.
pl.ne rt'llOneol! b, rotn'-t
l'llot.i, rotllll"IIIi"'liotls im"rrelll",n. of
war. c"p,urt!<l <lnc"'''C''B. ""d <>f lh..
number ""II (,....I".. ne.' of ,\ Hied sll'lk,... Of Ih.......
JAP INTEL
JAP INTEL
WEllE 50,.[ 20
RE-'SSIGNMENT AS
HOME
( ,)
I'riur
. J)udrine ''''(wid"d Ihat all pri'l(,I1t.....
al.. I'IAIl'es. r .. I I
and docum..nl$ i,hould lIl' ,.en! 10 "''';1011 lea, ..
(Iu.a,.,.."" and lhat Ihe hould ntJCt
Ii.... f ''')'''''IIIU,,"! Hjuip",..nl or cn.h...lall'<'n I.
" . h,'",Irllcuor............... ing I'rl.;o)ll......
In I --.. . I't'd
and C&lnu.....J. dOClllll..nl'> .....'" more ofl ..n ,,,,.,,0
Ihan follo'll'oo.
c. Air F()'U O"ncNJi StuR ..
Ii,. IhUl1'lIlQrlen Oryutuwl,(),l.
April Air Ueadl!Uarlc.... (Koku
DEFENSE ARMY
llOl AtltllTltlN Ttl TH 01'FICRS SHOIIIN ON THE CH-.RT. THEIIl
OF"CERS AND e MEN IN THE SECliON FOR
R[OUIRED I
RfSTRlCTED
.,."k.... """h ",.IIN" .' -i):l:hlin1.'" of """01)'
toO)"" _11Ip;_ and "I.,...... l"-tlm.I"" _of "lWin)'
I.". .l1f'IDr nd for 10 .It...
hndqu.l'l ....... 11 nJ!lllf"f't1 _Ill)' llE"nolllllPl.
docwlI..nb .nd f'(J,IIil"n"llI. TI I'n",.rr fUlK1.lOll
of lhe bel"..' di,i.,ioll ..-.,. 10 p.""llare
l>Urt, OIl 110. "'.u...... OOIlCt'nllnJ{ ..-llleh n>a>l\eol\
,h.. origin.1 i"fonn."on .lId 10
lu Ih.. "'1J()rb In .Io" ..r
.,." ,"'I... i,,,,1 ""Ul'(''''' uf ",fornmllon of
'111''''. I . b
Ih""" lo.....r ullil3 "ere 1"'1...,1$, ol:o>en'Rllon I>o!! '.
STAFF ORGANIZATION, JAPANESE
RESTRICTED II
FLOW OF INTELLIGENCE TO ARMY AIR TOP COMMANO
I EMPEROR I
I I
I
I
GENERAL STAFF ..,
2 nd DtVtStON
MINISTRY
(
I
."
AREA
HEADOUARTERS
OVERSEAS I
AIR GENERAL HOO.
A.
TECHNICAL
OPERATtONS
tNTELLIGENCE
OVERSEAS
SECTION
--------------
AtR ARIllIES
tSI SECTION
t
A.
(InteIlIQence)
f--I
OPERATIONAL
ARMIESl HOMELAND AIR
AtR UNtTS
OPERATIONAL AIR UNtTS
lALTHOUGH TH1S CHART SHOWS THE TECHN'CAL 'NTELLIGENCE SECT'ON UNDER A'R
HEADOUARTERS TO BE SEPARATE FROM THE F'RST SEC"ON UNDER A'R GENERAL HEAD-
OUARTERS, THE SAME MAN WAS CHIEF OF 80TH SECTIONS AND THE SAME STAFF
HANDlfD THE DUTIES OF BOTH,1
CHART JZlI[
RESTlUCTED
I'
IlESTRlcrEO
anni"" in the HomelRn<l, ,\fler April 1!)4I;, the
org>'tliZlllioll rel1laiu<'l1 the Iml1le bnt the
air WaS abolished ill the Homeland, ,md the
nir di"bions there reported to Air Gener"l
Ilead'lu"rten; which WaS dil'('Ctly tinder the Gen
..ntl Stalf (Chart 2). The duti"" of the "ir army
we',,- alm",,1. adllIinisln,ti"e nnd itil
was smnll. Its principal intelligence fuuetion wns
the consolidation of ",-ports from lower n"it.s and
transmission of th_ to the Gener,,1 Staff through
ehannels. It a100 sen'cd as " channel through
"'hich informnl.ion from Ihe Geuer,,1 Sh,ff [IIlSSctI
(0 lower units.
JAP INTEL
(4) Air The air divi_
sion was the next echelon below Ihe air army
(Ch"rt :I). It receiwd general strategic policy
from "bo"c and issued the specific 'H"'-'eS'
sur)' for cnrrying out this polic). of the
operational planning was donc ,tt, this level. Op
eration,,1 from the air di,'ision set Ul} cl,ch
mission and ]IT%Crihed Ihe resultll to he aCt;om
plished, but Ihe details were left to the next lower
echelon. the air The nil' di"isiot\ staff
waS fixed by tahles of organizalion issue<.l b)' the
Ge'lI'",1 Staff. It ootlsistcd of three S<'Ctions: 01'-
er"tions, intclligencll "nd administration. The
J.... P INTEL
or t be i"t,'J]iW"I'e !leet j() .
nlly "r f""Il:l t" G fl" Il "Nnl"l, butllilu_
"r ""',, I"'a,hl h. " K1'.rll n,,,' n ""mber
,,,1,,,,,1. 'n", dmie, f )).n ma,lor 'II' 1t"!lIr"."t
dud,'lI '''''illt""n,,"e:r at "Jtdl'/!"".(1', !II"'li"" ill
. . r "oOm "'It , e"""ll" a-
"t""!llJll "'''Il. "'''',' , . '. ,r
I nil, SItUftt'lln
.. t P"p"r,([ ""'ti",nte, or o"le, "f b.&ttle
Its '1l'C." or oper,,1 io"s. usillll" data !;(lilt lO it
b., u, M'b"",['''at,. ,,,,he),,,,,
. t . " """.t", ,,( """"')"
'" ,"tlO'l- 11",.". l""lpil..,! Htn J(J,'. ,
IMtl t 'I' ,a'.'a'"
. .' '." )." I"'",hl\lll"(",-,. ""<I t" I:,\\""r ""it
I he tnh'U'II""e.. r",,"i,h,.,[ Lo,. ,',' . ".. ,.
II I ' ' -' n,, ,"'''''m 1"
,OW"' ""11" ind",I",1 t"'"lI<'I i"f""",nti"" "',.
f1aH"- "
. ""t '"'' lIlal"'. ""d such ph"lo.
lIl'nph, we'... """I. Il"h"" t""i",<1 ph"lo ;Ilt"r.
I"..,tel"ll we", n"""ahle;n the th"ater lh..,. were t_
to thi,. ''''1"1",,. '1'10" air tli"i,i""
hlld ,tS own WHlli.,/! "y.-h'II,. i"eh"l;n ]";.
,I,,,.. ","I oft,.." " "'-'Cli"" fo,' tnonit"rin
N''''''y' ")""'al"'"nl ,,,mnlltnicttti,,,.,.
.(b) Air /(,-yi,,"',,: The air ,..,gi-
"" It, mn".'" I" the I!rOllp in
tl,,' , . S. nil' f",..",.. IIltho"lIh it ,"0"'" "f
th" pl"""i"l! perfor",...1 Itt our winl!
1(',','1. It """,;,',,1 "p'-'nlti"",,1 <>rd,"'" r"'Ill Ih" .i'r
!li"i,i"" all,j it> l','imlll")' ""I.'" \\a, ""rr)'illll Ilj(''''
(JUt. 11"\\,,.,""-"' ,III' dplaihl "1"",,,ti,,,,,,ll'lallnilll!'
"f l>c"JJI.. n"d ho'"b f",.j" .. ".._
),,,,t iOll (Jr a i,,, ill/! poim. "n<l .peeific "Plll...,ltct,"'wn_
often ,t.. The ",,,ff __d.
,I",,, "r """'e thall r, ,,,. G"Ain''''' ill nil
intellig"llt", oAk", WIl' eltU"d f",.I,, II;" I<lLoI";
or o,/-... "i7.IItioll al Ill<' beginlli"l1 of Ihe war. but
tit",.., is ",'id",.,.,' that nft"r the N.'.>r/-",niy,a.
'''''' or tl"'llir rOrt""'! in ,\pril IWi) a" intelJill"n("<'
"Ai,..,,' \1'''' to the ait' ,",,/!ime"lS dtfendiul!
tI,,, Hon,dltud. ""h",.,, u" 'l"",i,,1 illlellig"ut'e ,,/!i.
("t', fm', Itll "Alcer ,lc_i/-"Tl",e<.l for
duties. Sillt'" ,hltie, were ehi"II\'
;II th" fid<l or 0l"'r,,' i"", the illtdl igcu,... r"UCt i",;.
we,,, ",i"",., So rellOr," (l)'ilo!iu"le<l al Ihi" IH"1.
ll"w<'l"e,'. the "P""II1;011al a,,,l '"C]JOIH
of the "Iu",lt...,ns we,... l'Ol,;;(,li,lal ...1 and ""lit for
wnrd 10 higl,,,,, l"',,d'lu""I"'''' ,,,,,Ilht "ir "'l!im"llI
WIl' '''''''Illmsibl" for to of
rr'I,,-,,'t, ",'lit do,,"" f""n hill)"''' Iwndq""t'tel"- If
tl,e we,, lo.-,all,,-l d"". ""o""h. 'ni ...,;""
hri"H"1f of 1<1".. d"", ...",,,n.,,,I,,,,, "'a, <lone lIt Ihe
"i,' ""lIin,,,,1 I"',,d'l''''''''''. of
of lhe 1'''''1''''''' of tI,e ",i".io",
"
dire-:li"" ..,,<I .Ititu<ll' <If .uad: IMI .....
tlr..,.,,1, tIIdio d,.""l']" ror thl' o.v, f1e.., :IMI ......
IIlformulO" """""rni"ll' "'MtMr d..
."d "l'll(O.ili"" t" be Tbt
"1"a.<lI"O" I".<ler I!""" ""I}' I!O "'"ch "r infor
ns he thought ""'....-ry 1(, Ihe pilolll ...i
",r ,,'ho "'o"ltl t1)" the ",;"'iou. Photo-
Il'r,,!,llle "'l".dl'''''s wen: "rle" .Iucllol'd 10 th<l.ir
tell'll".ellt .nd th_ had their "...n f."ilit;'" fo d
""'''I'''.'/;! ",,<I l,.illli"lI'. 1I",,.."el'....
"I,tlt].l"""I"''el", "'I"'re ...,ilaLoI, ,,' ._0'
I ' .... .
tn l 'e "'r ."d ''''',;e(lue''tl}' "" I'hOlo in-
t"llnN.I"", "'en: ia,ue.1 bJ the .ir '.
"'ent. "'W
(6) SqUall,.."", (Cllu'ui). n,. J.I'.ne.... squ.d.
'"On .",r,e"po"ded do-el) to lhe !l'JuadJ'(H] in the
U. t'l.,r force!<. It eomrolle.1 a ""'''ber
".I [JIm".... ",""'ber Itl"',mli,,1I' t" '''''_
".Oll and n'e .UtllOri7.<'d ,tl-r"gth ,..ried AI
Jtlf",,,nt lun.".. At be!!iu"ill!!" ur the 'Ur
or 9 bo,ullet!! authorized"" inili.l
'''l";pllll'lIt f"r a Ilq""d",,,. He.-:u"nai",..."re ."d
ph"t" "'l"adron, were .ulhorized from 3 10 0
p!llne><...\lthuu,l.'i, n<l -pecial intelJigenee ollker
was "t !l'J"adron 11"'''1. dutle!
'WI"\' 1,,,.f""'ue<.1 by." oftiCf'r. "flell Il tI\"Cr.
,:"1,,,-1 Lo." th" "'1".,1"", co""na"dtr. k.pt th"
file-. ..d after I"\'producti,,". l1'("('i,'",1 repon,
f'..,m an,] a,r ...ho had an',hin,; tv
'""por, "nd .a... t" it thll' '11l,li"",,( ellen;\" tlleti"".
plane ....... ""d "'l"il,ment pe,ionna'ltt
w.ere to pilots. Tlli" ollker generally'
,hd no br,efi"f( thi, w"" ,lone bv the
""",,,,,,wier. So
t"", of piluts and Ilir ere,,'. "'as anempt"d ful-
mi.-.,ioll hut all" '"an "-I,,, had "',,,e-
thi,,/! 1(1 ''''llOn "'ItS UI>ecled to d" ,.,. eilhe, to
llot ".m",nllder or to the "ffieer perronning i".
l"n'ge""" dmie-. .\1 i-""ioll "",'tetl by "'I,,"d.
"",,- ......... 'I"ite """'I,lele. fuol'ort f"rms
were jll"f"'Criboffi .1 ei, h.. r Ili I' !'(lei"'e", .... air di ..i-
.io" 1.,-e1 and can..d r"r _'ICh IlOll' or take_
olr a"d ... l>om,",. and am",unition
""rri",1 "",I ul'ellll"I, lIIu. ,,( I'l'"'uit. or
auack. Ulw,"al opl',o;;ili"" en<'(Junt .. "",I,
.., I" l,l.n"". e".my 1,1."..,. r(lved Or <i" 11I-
ete. 'Il"s \\"ntl .. " ....pon for ea,.h
pl."e a, -,,, Il, 1__"],le .fter lI'e ",1""io". '-ery
!,ri.. r "I"""ti"", "-'1""1_ w""" ",ade <Ii-patch
u"",...Ii.lely atl"r e.ch ntis.;ion.
RESTilICTED
IV. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE
CHART 11:
"
NAVY HIGH COMMAND ORGANIZATION
JAPANESE
j .... P INTEL
rEMPEROR
I
I
jlllP(l!I/l.l H,IOOU/l.JlTEiItS I
I
NAVY MIIt'STRVI
jlllavAl GENERAl
I I
l
lsI DEPT
2 ... OEPT
I ... "" J
---
J'o DEPT
W/l.R PlAIIS
SUPPLY
----
llIaVAl
l::o-UIIIIC/l.TIOfrIS
IHTElllliNCE
r- .---C.... ,
lc.>l,IC_
a IUe-
I
I I I
518 SECTlOII 618 SECTlOIll
a SOUTH I\II.ERICI,
7", SECTlO..
US TERRITORIES
USSR.GER.AIIIY,
a fRONT lINE
EUROPE,IN
CHlN/l. a M/l.NCHUR!A CONTlIIIEIilT
INTElliGENCE ICop"C"'e' I cepl-Gb'ef
, Reo. AOm-G/>,.f, , ,.....
."".
I COPI , :5 l' Como's.
8t8 SECTION

INOOCHINI.
I-- AUSTRII-IA,
EAST INDIES
I COPI'Ctoa/
III como.
JAP INTEL
3. Pn"sQnnc/alltl Trait/illg
. At Ihe olltl>teak of Ihe war ...ilh Ihe U. $..
Ihere "ere 2\J officers in Ih. enlire 3rd D"I"'rtllM'll1
of Ihe Xa 1 G"n..ral Staff "lid one in tht COIl'
hintlll X I Foret!. By sllrinJf"of HU'" II,.. 10111
of oII"lCt!l"S bad been 10 I),. of whorn H
we.....S!!igned 10 Ih" 51h i"I"I
ligelll"l') of Ihe Cenlnrl dCl'arllllPnl.
and 4 to ll,.. ("o",LinNl Foret'. Th" infrt'll-'ll'
"as "Hille p b." Ihe suqllus t>f nn".1 officerf.
res"hi,,/!: from d,p in Ihe nl1mbt>,. of /!l'f/
uniu &f106t. It occun...d lot) lilt" to be of IlI'n"fil.
hO"''''''f. The depl"'Iment Willi H"lIt
r

ma""ed throughoul' the Wal' period, bart

l
y
ahle to Iwrforlll thp minilllllm funcI,ions IlSllil,"'l't1
10 it. and fOl,ld lnkp on 1\"'''' of the oth"'r [mlclio"!
.\ ,ingle _1,,1f .., ...ed lOS headq"arhno IWl">j01Il'd
for both Combirtl'll :-;a"a' FOI"l:Il .nd Combin..d
Fk...l. Hud,!,,"ne"" vf Co",bi"...1
orguniretl illlv 10 d"l",n",ent", intE"di"/!:: r I)
_urf."" "per.<tions. (:!J air "lwl"lIli.. (3) illlel
ligt"lot:e. r-l) CO"'I""ni,... 1iv"s. 1(;) nlainle"an,.... nd
(6) Sl,rf..", k.",ikaz". (i) .djullU'I. (8)
lind operalions. (91 co,,..oys. (10) sub",.rin..
operations.
c. The Imdli:....,..... s.-ctions of Ih.. .I (:"n
.....1 Sulf .nd Ihe ("ombin"d .-.I Fo""" <:011$11'
lUh'd Ih.. "uti.... vn..'lInIZllioll. in tl",
strK1 >o1'nse. in d>e J.lla"""'" X.n..\ hho"f.oil "'0;1
if 11001- .11 of Ibe ,.riOl.' vf
"-en: """,,_"nixed .nd illl..rmitl..nll} p"rfon"..<I ill
$OllM' m.nner in Sllbordin.l.. "",,,,,,.nd Ill"U.n. a>
c:oroll"n' vr. a..-.:urat.-h. IS a !ietN>1I.iaM
duty) noching e...." remot..l} inl..n;.
:.""""" eJ[i.....f<1 belo... Combined ...l
Force. Xo SUj>enisioo .. ." eJ[.. O... r sub
ordin.1e unils nor .. as ...l1t."lP: perilODllel
;;eleded for lhem.
d. _\1 Fifl:t 1e,.. 1 (bofh "'Ilrfa<:<>: .nd airl ;nl .. lh
"'as .ddilion.l dUl}' .....,l,. ..,ell 1(. lh" com
nmnications offio:er l"eISl'0""ihl.. onl}' 10 the oom
",."ding oIIiocer of his fleel and this offit:".r simpl}'
oor....l.l.,.) .,.il.ble infvn".lion for th.. imme<.li
.1" 1I("lical 1I!1e of his comm.nder.
"
I.
.\Ith""ch ,irtu.lly.1I of th.. ,.nOIl"
of intelhf.'I'lM". w" Ilu"k of It. w.. r.. ret"f.'flized
b} lhe J.p.n....... nd <l.""lolJe<llo
t_"" ".. ..-I. ' .... orf...niulion "-., ,,><'{
01' 10 d nn,,1 i"f"rulIIllOfl nri"'b
(UIlun.ntl lev..ls. :-;0 '-elII"r ...... ",,1.l>Ikhed to
m.int.", lle n.nem fil of .1IIY\le"'of
for I"m 1inl.l n.1 or
10 Ilro-.-itl.. for ""ifon" <Ii_min.lion. .
h. IJeannc '" mllMllh" lack of .ntl
Ih.. i"'I"0....nt ""''''ide....I;''n Ih.1 ".11on
in rel .....1 .-ril.. ..... 11".... ...... of <:<>:n.in
"""-'1"l'e> of .. i"f"m'.llb". i"l"llif.""ce .1
X....I Ge"......1 1.. ,,,1 ,.,,<1.10. I_r
II Con.b","' :-;....1FOIT'l' ,,",..II.,.n bl' $aid 10 h..-..
don.......11 in lhe I'rotllll1ion of ,ood
",.t..rial.
e. W.r pl.,," ("hi.. t."d 0l'.. ral.om< ehiefs.1
Combined X.,.I F_ Ieql).hhoul handi-
capped by Ih.. d,.net..rl.li(" J.p"'l"lloe o'U-flIl
pha,;i$ on operal ion._.1 Ih.. up.."."'" of I'rel_ ration_
"'ere .ble IO.nl;"il_l .. ",''',,,,,. mo....n...... ls ilh I'M-
I!OIUIbI.. ..... .. T'- llTl"didiOTl:ll re '-lied
on common !!efl9O' H.lu.tion of lact it:al C'OI\tid..ra
tion!!: ,h.. J.p""- __..umf<l Ih.L had full in.
form.tion of .nd kn_ from I
tactit:al. S'-rategi(" ."d lundpoinl.
.nd tbet! gtIe5Wd ,,h.t n..... ..... "'Oldd m.ke 00
the will of !roCh k,Kl ..lf<h...... Su"h ISilUml"io"s
..."re sUI11lOned Lr ..b.te."r inronnation Ih.. rom
munie-lions and inl ..lli/!"I..... d"l_nme"t "'''n:
hI" 10 8Ilpply.
2. Org,mizaJion
a. Organiulion of th.. XI.f! o.cr.n
commlnd!!. illdudinj! d"llartmCrllS IInd..rthe
General Siaff and wi' hi" Ihe lnlclti.
i. ,h"wn w' Ihe following I'"g"
(Chart 9).
b. Diredl.. belm" lhe Gen..ral Stllf \l'U
Ih" Combined l'a'al Fort:... the hiJfbPSl admin-
iSlrati .." and lut:tical cUlIllllllnd. which indnded
Ihe Combined Fl,'el ("II luetical IInit& l>oth sur
f"e.. Ilnd "ir). n.,al dislricta &nd districts.
RESTRJcrID
RESTRICTED
of which il had "nd which tire
inlelli!!f',,<:tl dUlit'><, (Wit hi" Ihl' ;\1'd
"1 lI",m Ihe I of "O'IlI,i lil1': ,Ill in f"""1II1 iVll
lIll>lsof Ihe ""d 11I";lnin, t,'-'hnka1.
"",I ord('1' of rn,III(. II", dill." of
"IIle Ill''''.)
b. No is lx-ibh of Ihe IOlllll\IIll1.b<" of
iH lhe Jalmn,.,... in edll,lons h<'lo,," II,..
X"""I 1',,,,,,' who I><,rf,w"",d
.... or relnl,,1 11"";,, "",,"'"ptioH of
lhe work w"s at 11", <l;'W'I;OH of lhe \111;1 ("<'H,_
"""Hler ,,,,,I ,,"as ill ndd;li"" 10 11"'1"'illlnl"y dUli.."
which lhey we", lisled in lhe t:d,ie of vr1,("lIiza-
lion.
e. i)el/lClion f>f 1)('1'Son"el in dll' top
le,'el W"S '''ade. where I",s,;ihle. On Ihe
basis of in h"'l-""'J!rs "nd l'''pl'l"ie"ce
nbl"Olld. III url"ulp....elice. "met,, "&-i,t,,,,ts Wen'
frequenlly be<... II<:e of un pref-
erence fo,' thaI lype of dllt)' or be<.'''II,;(> Ihl'y h"d
been rej1l,,1 for' n.,...1 duty due 10 .. physical dis-
"hilil)'. (The Jli ad<litilllllli office!'!' to
lhe "Ih &'Cl iOll in 19,1" wen' I>(wl), !!,."duntc,,1 fl"oll.
Ihe X",..,I ,\e.. de",y. no ""I)Cl'i"lIee 01'
Il'llini"J!. howHer, "en' 0,...(111 0111.,' ;n pl'e-
l'"rinJ! SUlIlllla,'i('S [,,,se<1 ,," I'. S. :<1111
iH :< stati,ti,',,1 c"l'"cit.". The "ali" "f '"<!)!II1,"'
offiCt','f' 10 n'5<'rn'S Wll.'l "],0111 1 til :l.ti in the :\nl
Delli< Mmem. )
(1) In co",n,a,"!.", Ihe "flie"1" ,'('_
,pollsible fo,' l",rfOl"lllin/! illtellil-"C'K'I' d"li,',
!-,"i"en this additiol'al dill." lit the discl"elion o( lhe
wmll""lIlinj! olft"", of th( UU;t_ ,h has been
5lated. thl' ,,,,mlllllllieati,,"s ollie,.t "'as 115"ally
J!i"en lhe l,,_k, I,ll! nOI th( tille. OJlIJIIlIlIlieati"H5
"flkt,t8 wHe said C"l'tai" 110 of the
Xa")' I'cI'Wlinel Di"i"ion 10 ha"e l}('('u ;I('ll'Cleti
fvr their al'titllde ill intellig,.nce "'''tIPrS. I'I'o"id-
in)! lheir to,nmunicat;olls "bility w", "",tisf"el"I.",
d, Therc "ere no illlellil-'e",-e sch"ols opel'ated
[,r the JapauCiSe N.. ,,) alld 110 eOIlI'Sl's ill
l-'ellcrnl Or buic illtellij."ClIe'l' wel'e gil'tll in ""."
na,.y schools. illciutlillJ! the Xa .. "l .\t"de",.', I""
few illSlaneell. oflicet's ill the 31,1 D('l'a''llllelll IlllIl
fOn'i;.'n 1""illiIl7 'liul "'",e h"d
b''C!l sent "brood for "tud.,', hili 'lilt wilh " ,'iew
I(lWartl thew ("r tl.e :'I"d De.
pllrlmell1. Xowhere did it "1'1""al' Ihal till"" "'as
"ny """'i"l1$ de'"alld f"r I),e ;1I;ti"ti,," "f a
special COIlt"Se in illielligtme"e 111.illing,
RESTR1CfED
20
JAP INTEL
(l) '1"-'I'inlize,1 11'"in;n/! W'IS ill
c",ta ill net i"it ie, ,,,1"1 ill).! 1o im, \lig"lIc'C :
(,,) I" '''''''nli,,1 I..el",i""l ill.
'1I'IIetion III Ihe 1'>,,,''''
"",1"'01 at YokO:;lIk".
(Il) The el)lI""l1l1i""t;oll_ ;I(j"a>1 at Yokosllka
"1",, Ill'",llIe'<ld a IlCl'l.'O"nel 1,.I"l't'O,[II("1 kllown as
The.'" f,wl',ently w..,.,; IIwd as """,istants
10 Ihe rllmll,""icnli"", oflie',, 0" "the,' "flieer who
wa, d... 10 jll,"<1I, i"lellil-l','ee !1I,,!t"I'E ill
'1I1">nlill"le ,"..r"e" "nd air.
Y"",",),; ''''1"(' lhow ,tmlellts whll h",1
dl"I'I".1 fl''''" ("<>II" \I"lil,ill!! hee'''lf;<' "r III .. k of in
l"l'cst 01' 1IJ>lit'l(le but had Leen gil'en sliflicient
UlIillin:.:" ill "dlllilli,I,"ti,," til halldh detl.il5 ,,,,d
l'''Iw.r wo,k, The.,' 'e<.,'i"e,,1 no inlellig"""r I,'"in_
ill/! alltl we'.., "<>1 ,-.;g,,,<IId hr Ihe .!nl'a-
nrill' "a",11 ollie",":,!
("J l'lwto illle'"lll'Clntioll In,i,,injt W"S j!i,'""
10" s"",]] !!1"<>111> o( ofli"ers (:l() 1",,1 eompleled the
eol1l'Se at tl,e en,[ of the wllr), bill "01 to geller,,1
il1telJige,we ollieers.
(tl) trai"i,,!! ill llak ,,,"tlysi,, '>1'
t<'I'hllie,,1 intdlig"nee in I'l"cp"""lion for
illl ..lli)wne<.> WOl'k,
4. PlmetiOJl!
n. 3rd 1Jeplld",'''1 ,\""',,1 (,'n" ,," Siaff
(I) The l".ill"il",1 f""etioll of IIIl' :\I"d Dell''''l'
",e," (illtelJij:....ne') w"s to sUI'I'I.,' i"r"r'H"tiolllo
lhe hI /)"I""tll",,,t (w'lIpl"",). This.I"I-'I'II"'r
Wilh to'"'Jlllllicati"I'S (ft."," Ihe 4th
Dep"'1I1wol) "",I i"f",",,,t.io,, as t" Ihe I"dieal
sillllnill" (fmlll f1"'1 unil.,). fOI'II",d Ih"IJ""is f,,,'
eSt;II'al''!! as 1<> ell""'.'" ,'upahililies ,,,"l f"t""e in
tellli"lIs. hy lIa' IV,,,' 1'1"lls \)(I'alt
lIlen!. Th, [lIIdli;,'Cn,'" \)el""'I",ent, did IlIJt 1'1"-
in of "I' clIe",.' 1)I'<di,-
ti",,,, Ikll' Adlllit.,,1 Tnkeuchi. chief of lhe :,Ih
IU. &'Ctioll of tIll' ;\,,1 l)"p'll'tlllell1 th"'JIlj!b
1Il0,1 of the wa,' 1>cI'i",l, "",id his Sl'Cliol1 "ue"c,'
play tl", pu"l ,,( (on"'asl..... IV, lIe,'er
lIllc,,,pted 10 rt'''ch e..",clll_ions. IJlIl w.' p"",.,,,1 in
fO"llIlIti,m on 10 thof'(' whose dut," il wus 10 ,lel'l".'"
f""tt'S (w''''l'lalls). I ill'p,,,,,,,,-,,,,<! "'.I' SIII)(lI'dillIlICS
wil h this 1""(",111 I'. Enelll." ;,,1<'1 lij!ellCtl "'" f",
w"rd(..1 to Ih" 1st Dep""lmcnl by a 3nl Del'a,t
ment 1...I"''SOlItal i,'" al d" ih' "OllfC"'lIt'.S mtcl"hl
II," 11"",,1 <>111.,' ,,,,;1 1,,,'.i,h'd ,"'('" h, III<'
Chief of the 1'>a",,1 Gellel'al $olliff. \\""itlell ,"I'I",r($
JAP 1NTEL
to War Plans, Slimming up the enemy 9il ...tioo
were .furnish,-d weekly by lhe 3nl Deparlme,,:
carl)' m l he war, but became less frequenl.
(2) Photo. intellilr"nce and fI.k iutl'lligence
"'ern not cOlls,dered of lhe 3rd nepart.-
lIlent and 110 direction "ha!iloe"er "as exercised
OYCr slIeh s[lOl1ldic de"eIOI'IIlent.9 as "'''re carried
om in o!>eration,,1 units. Intunl,lhe 3rd Depart-
ment dId, 1I0t rocei"e infoMnalion de"eloped on
thCl;(! subjects except, i"lermil1ently through oon_
tact with war plans.
(3) DisscmiuatiOll of such intdli,.,-,>ce infom,a.
tion as was cousi,le,..,d I>eMiueut to f100t uuilll ">15
made by Ihe 31'd Department. The nature of lhe
i"fol'matio" de"cl0l'ed. howe"er WaS such II>"t
little o( it was Qf ,..hm to unilS lhan thOlltl
in top IHel plallning. ,h such, the Com.
bmed Nayal Force, thrl)ugh its illlelligenc-e ,,1IiCt'r
(who Was aloo chief of the oon"nunicationll see_
tion), recei"ed genernl infMmation {rolll the 3Td
DepaMment at illle",als. Urgeut in.
(ormation to Co",bined Na"al F(lrce and fleels was
-'Ct,t by 1'8di(l in the name of the Chief of Slnff
nud was usuaU)" br the War Plans
Dep"'1menl.
b. Intelligence Seeti"... Combined Na..al Porce
(I) AIthough II 5Jella,."te >;eetion WaS set up for
intelligence, thc ('ommunic"tions officer w..s head
o{ both "nd no I)I!iCt'r assislllnB
in intelligence IIntil February 1944. Commander
Nakajima, who -'Cr"cd in that dn,,1 capacily {rom
KO"clllLer 194:1 I1l1til the elld of the War. said his
prineipnl dnty was "10 ",ake e;;tilll.. te;; (If Amer_
ican 01' (lther Allied forces aud to mnke deductions
On their ",o,emeIllS." His sources were the 'Utll_
Illar.r reeei"ed from the General Stall", which
he described as "f....glllentar)" and "1'1')'
info....nation <Ie"el(lped b)' his own oommunicatiot\9
seclion; ""d that gained from aeceSSlo all (lper.
ntional ,-eporl'l frolll subordinate unil!!, ineludi"g
neri/ll and submarine rt.'CO,m.ill';"nce ,,hiel,. he
snid, good, but there W!l.'l not enough (I{ it,"
Acri,,1 reconnniSllllnee was his be:it
source in making enelll)' mO"emelll C5timales. ill
which the emphasis waS 011 the imlllediale taetical
Silliniion. Photographs rarely ,"""ched Comhined
Na,'"l but iuformation derin,d from t.hem,
when an interprel"tion was ",,,de at a $ubordl1lnte
ullit. was reCt'il'ed b)' dispatch.
(2) The intelligence section at Combined Na,.. 1
21
did not """"charge of ;II'.U" r'"
y'Ueli m subordinate OOfIll1llln.... and did till-
"em;nate ita eIlIimale!l either to ..bordinat. ....
Or W lIIe N .r Gene.... 1Stall'. &ad
eetimates ..1' tl8td llOlel,. by Ihe Comlllllt.....m-
Chief "1(1 fomu,lau, policy and i1llll1e lhe

c. /1ltelligen ot ..lir IleaJvuarte",. -'"lIt'y J/i".
Mtry;. oonsisted (If t<'<:hni ...1 de..elop-
and a brief 1'r<>j!T"'r1 (If Il1lini"ll" ill .....-..g_
lUt'Oll (wrlducted {or (lnly year) in .... ich 40
ellli.ted mcn "nd o16'...... ..:...h aboul
2 hou,"" tnining..\1 Ihe condusion of lhe <"OIl"'"
in 1943. 2 boob ,,'ere .-n,bled comaining
houettes IIn,1 data 011 Jal'atle.,e a",1 shil'll
and aircrnft- obt.. in"d lIla",l}" from lIoncbS8i6ed
U, S. jlublicali"ns obtailled in nell!l'lll ooulllr;es:
.5000 ool'ies of each book "ere I'r;IIted .",1 oli..
trihulet! t"lower echelolls.
d, S'W11110ry of PuneN""". XO"'bere ''''''''1(
lhe WI' le"el wn'm"'l(!.s (,"d <:I'Mai"ly nO! ill
ijuboTdinate comm.nds) 'u" tl,ere " cellini
for the oolleclion of all illteliitrenCt'. bOIh
operati(ln,,1 and background, Withollt /llId, a
1'001. slltistital rt'lll'areh and lIIudy for the i'''C]'''-
of deri"i"g lessons from enem\" uctic;;,. ",.., of
equiplllelll. 01101 """"""'ending ';"'nlcr "'''''',!'"'''''
""as impossible. L'"lIi{or", di_mination was
equall}" hopelesl!. Whether either could hl,.e been
acwmplished b.'" such .n agency with(lll! .8Up-
org""izali"n eXlendinj;!" 10 the 10'll"er
echelolls is I'roblemlllic,,1. Xo elroM ..as m.de ill
this direction and the ...s nO! held.
S. Sou..cu of l"fOl'm..,io" A" ...I.,ble to tbe 3d
Dep.,rfme..t
a. C",,,,nVf\'CdI;on,, ..."'" in
supplied the 4lh llel>&rtmenl dil'<"'llr to War
Plans.
b. (Japlurvu .....1"\" ,,"Ill direoctl., 10 Ihe
3rJ Dep"M"'enl and ,,'ere con"ide.....1 the nro.l
aCCUMl.1e !!'t)11r<lE! of information. ahhollgl! limiled
in number.
., of reor ;nf(l"n.tiOIl "as ;;em
directly 10 3Td o,.l"'l1menl. 11,is so""",.
disrounl",1 b..- III of lhe Jal"'11""" inler
ooutribllled ,'aluable infonnatioll.1l$ ""i_
den.",1 bl" lhe fe... Jajlnnf"lP. docu,nents 1'<.'C'O'ered
in which' lht'st' imerrog.liOllS ,,'ert' j>ubli,J'.....1
...ell as lhe faCl thu fen"in dala about U. S.
RESTRICTED
RESTRICfED
knowil to Jallalle;;e. enn 00 to
"OOthCI'roliret'.
d. 7'(('I",i('al ;,,/d(;qc/l w"s br the
Air Tedmical Anrel1111 under ,\i1" Hud-
qUartN'! of Ihe ;\'a'.I' Mini.II)' (c.hart 10).
e. .Ihmi/QM119 of U. S. OI,d fo-.v:igll 61"O"l/-
('(J,4I. fllrni.h",,1 Ihe O,'paltm."'t wilh II j!rcat
dCliI of inforllmt;on to pl'<}(l"tt it.". ,I 1"Ilj!lh nnd
Io;;...-e'<, Ool.:-<'tl Oil R c>I""f,,1 OYeI' a IUllg
period.
f. Study of ""tr""'PU$ ,,,vllllOqfUille4
through ueutral COUlltries pro"ided inf'll'mlltion
whieh was tOO old to be of taetical use. hUI waS
depcndc.d UtJOll in fOMl111laling loug term ""ti-
",otes of U. S. strenj!th.
g. NlmallJ1/fII:hc. prOl'<'<! one of Ihc most, 1'1"0_
lifie 801It"<:e8 Ilrior to Ihe war but the flow dried
Ilil 81mo;;1 completelr 88 diplottlntie .....Iations WCI'e
S1e,ered. Attlldtf> in Sweden. Switzerlnlld. 1'01"
lugal. nud Sllnin ('Olltiuued 10 supply ill-
formation obtained .fnl1n nflwspnpl'l"S and publi-
"miOlls from America. The aHad,,; ill Bcrlin
furnished !lOme information on Gcnnan technical
de"elOllluents, but, "'as considered llnrelinhl". be
ingo,er.intluen{'e(l br the propllgmHl1< of Ihc
rnnn mililariSlS "s 10 the "'e"kness of the Allied
position in the West.
h, ('(>IlIbl1/ from fleet (sul'faoo >11,,1
'Iir) 11",1 l-ecollnais.<ance repol1.< (lIin:l"tdl,.
subm>lrine) passed by chllin of COl11l1l1tHd
to "-ar Plans Depnl1men nnd Wei..., 0111.1' in.
fte<]uentl," rollied 10 I.he 3rd o..partment.
i. Liai$o/1 with o/ha age".cies was of minor im
ponance 10 inlelligellce. No !'in"y illtdligeUl"(l
ollicer acletl in lin ollicild lilli80lI eIIpaeit.\' wiU, the
Army, although there was nu oceasimlal exdlllllJ.."C
of \\I'ilten informnlion. Arm\" operatiollal iulel_
liJ..",nee. b(uh 1;",d and "ir. a"llilnhle to the
1\a \I' nl" Plans Depal1 ment, buL U81101lr too It,te
to be effeeti,c. l.oose Iinison w"s
with the Foreign Olliee and Ihe Xa'.,' Uinistry,
but linison "'8$ fairh' close willt Air Headqu,,,,.
tel"f,l under the )/inistr:r, in the Techll1enl
I ntelligcnCf' lield. The I,,"cr ('Ontact "'ns of "So
10 the 3rd o..pllrttllent in preparing the
e""m,' nir ordcr of banle. Within the Xn"nl
Stnff itseU." eonaidet'llble lag de"elopw
in Ihe of illfonnation lIeeause of 0 wide
I'h.vsical liCparation of Ihe depal1ments and the
CHAIN OF COMMAND FOR JAPANESE NAVAL AIR
CHART :I:
RESTIUcnD
I ... ",lr "'ailable lind al_ It""r in al(ll&lld&J
,."lIieie"t '" mote than "'J....-lron leaden.
So ,,ere I,il"", "" to diechinc
."" uo sun'i"al infonn-tion .. m_
dud",1 itt hriefi"ll". So air _ 0I'jraniza.
"')ll I'il"t, forn<! ,I"" It he.....Ild .....y n$-
eu" ,1t'I>lU."l of ,Ilrf....., "l'S>Iela /""ulIlI)' >natrutd
t" Illl'alt orer the l",riWtt) ,,-pre on their own.
(01) Twouamplesof I>riefillg in tloeJap-
unesc SlI'T Mand OUlln sharp oontl"&!t. For the
attack Oil Pearl J-1arl>ur, instruction of pilottl 1I"U
23
j(T?UI' w"" On i 01' 3 carri,t"lj, Ihe senior
"fllcer of ).."""p 'Ibo."rd W8S M> " .... il("ttated. In
Ite w!lS ""I,I>I.<."Cd 1>)' the
,h en pI III u >1,.,,1 Inigb I "" """i"te<! by IIte Well her
,,111<""1', l,.'.t1t
l
nUll">llio,," ollil"Cr .,,,llIikoslti (l'ilOl<;
''''''llOl'I<rll.l" jrl'''Ulldl.,J It> """", in Ihe
>Iud ,;,f the group). Tbe bri"fil,g
of I""tl;nt,o,, dllLlI, meLhod of "tlack,
."",,nthe, .nl,,1 '\'lIi)nbl" hrb'H
Illforl.nllt,on lind tllr)."'t ""'ps (if IIny) ',..,re lri"en
10 pilots on the tni!lll;on. PholOgl1lplt! were
JAP INTEL
EMPEROR
IIMPERIAL HEADOUARTERSI
I
NAVY MtNISTER I
I
NAVY GENERAL
STAFF I
I
NAVAL

r
'"
OTHER AtR FLEETS
SuRFACE NAVAL
HEADQUARTERS
BUREAUS
I Koi;u Kon"i) FLEETS DISTRICTS
(Troining ond
Procurem,nl I
AIR FLOTILLAS
(K<:>I:u SaMoil
AIR GROUPS (Som.t..... osslGned
tKc>IIulOI) dirwctl1 10 Kon,a [1
I
SQUADRoNS I

JAP INTEL
lm'llkdi'wu of COllttllllUicntiollS ill the Inlier
of Ihe wnr.
j. Sp('/'ill{ iJCr,';re ,md #('/'C/ 80-
of 1ll'j!lij!ible ""Ille 10 the 11""",..\". The
Na".' had no Ol'l!"niziltiou cotllplIt"I1blc r<> Tokul11l1
Kiknll (AI'my Special Sel,'il'!!) (I'UI1 VI). The
of SOGielies within II", Empil'e which
mill' I""'e eonll'ilmt"t1 illfom",lion 10 the NII"y
(0 lloe "Ifcet oil the JlII'Oll"S<' peoplc i> the con
,IUt'l of lhfl wn,'. ",ilh It "i"", t"wllnl Ilt'e"culing
""." illh,,r,'I'ence. oll"ide the OiCope of Ihis
..epol"1.
G, Results
'I, \\'ithiu of Ihe ,I"p"uest! cOllCepl io"
of imelligence. Ihe ttl;"";"" of Depa"tment,
"' mel ,. t he prodllet i"n (If inlell ib",nce bnek)!rOlllld
fl,,,n oper"ti"I",1 ;melli/,,.ence,
w". ,'"<'11 do,.... [n of " 1;tt";OUg Inck of l1l1111-
IIQWel', the prucess of siftiug" 111I'ollgh a
IIIIlSllU( u"I\'lliled 1""tN'ittl to "ITi"e nl, II series of
f'lclS 0" l><OSI "bout, the enemy WlIS dOll'"
with eousiderllblc SUCceSS lind al"(:urnc)". Tlw J)".
ImnUH'nl wns, furlhel', yer.'" limited ill il$ accl'&'
10 Ihe most lallgible and Ilccurnte so",'C"s, specili_
1'''II01'tS, photOgl1.phs, cap-
11II'ell tlocum"n1s, ,,,,,I priwnel" of w,"', l>eclluse
of Ihe ltllfn"01-nble militllr,' silllation dte, the
initinl s"cee8'Sfl!l. P"rhalls the 1><'81 n""illlhie e,i.
denee of the suceess of Ihe l)el'"I'luwnl. is iu
th" doeuulenl "Ol'j!ltuizlltion of Ihe U. S. Arm,"
lind Ai,. 1"QI'Ce8," Mnch 1944, cnp-
t"r('<;1 nt Sllil'lIn, of which Jl O'alls).tion WIlS [lub.
lished in CinCl'nc-CinCI'OA Bullelin 28-45.
7. Nallal Air Forces
a. The "i" llrlll of tim J"p'IUeBC WIIS 110t n
sel'ltt"te eul it)", but depended upon the busie Navy
chll"nels fOI' administration, Stlilpl.\" und IIlllinte.
n'lllCC. The ehllin or command of thlllli,' 1I1,,1 COtll-
binetl ooltlll1nnds is indicnled On the following pllg"
(Chart 10).
b. In ai" Iwits of Ihe fleel below Fleel I-Iead-
quartets, eomblll iJ1t"llif... were 8IlCOnd
ar.r nlld usuall.\" It"ph".ard. depending 011 lit", im
IlOrtHncc IlUlleh",,1 t.hereto bJ' the oommllnding
"likeI'.
(I) ,\OOal"<ll1 carri(',. ''WllOl1sihilities for
ing (cillo the nil' This Ilppli",l
to the commanding ollie.,,' or th" "ir l!roup, wI",
was uot "ltad",d to the .hi. In Ihl} e"ent tbM n
22
RESTRICfED
RF.STRICTED
lx-/-rnn f"r in ,,,h,,nl'" of ,he ,ni><ilion. P'ilols weI'''''
.i!;,en "" "I'pron"h d,nI1.I"rl,-et Ch,.,1I\nd. in lieu
of "eri,,1 phocog"l"ltphs. >I <ielniled dmwing of Ihe
h"rbor ami FONI showinll" Ilw loc"lion of
"bips. This diRJ!1"811l WItS "mended ,wiCl'll,rior 10
the "llaek to "onfo",n with lUles! i"formalion.
Briefing" induded specific 11.,1, ......1 priorit)', >lll"ck
form"lion ,,"d ronline data (we"ther coulIlllll,i
""lions. (tc.). The res"lts of Ihe "llnek ,,"d lIC-
eur"ey of dlllnnj,,"" n$S('$lIlell11<'stifie<:lto Ihe thor-
01l,,>1111e&l of pre.,"I1"ion. At tlte olher e"lreme,
illiheearrier "t1ilcks in Ihe ,o\lell1inns, pilot" were
sent ont, without n,al);! or info\"m"tion noolll the
lar).!,'I. Photogn'l'hs ,akcn on first day's nl,-
h'ck. howe""", "'ere pt'\'loeesscd and e,"
ploye<:1 !O on Ihe following The
lack of proper b"iefi"g in this inSlaut-e c"nllot be
cxpillined on the I",sis of the difticnh)' of obtain-
ing" Rlh'allce tnrget data. Conntless similar c"-
ample:. of insnlflCieut preparation nn,st lie attrib-
nted largd)' 10 a l"ck of a far-sighte<:l apI,r<lCintion
of Ihe a,h'antab"'lS thus lost. to 1111 owr_empl",si;;
On the nllack. and to Ihe fumiliar ,Japanese
"nee 0" a spiritual intenention. A reali.
of these ShO"lcomings by the SOa")' came too
lat6 to initiate a correcti"e program. The high.
comn",,,d level Jap"nese onice,"S intelTogated we"e
ll"""imous ill this 10 ha,e been II1l1jor
weakne$S.
(3) Following a flightor mi5Sion, inlerrogation
was conducted by Ihe air offil-er. SQmctime$ nssisted
bJ Hikoo;hi. The le"der of Ihe night. repo,ted to
the air officer in the prcsence of the other pilots
and answered his qnestions, if a"y. ,0\ written re
port was then $lIhmitted. not by the air officer, but
bJ' the flight leader who had recei\1ld no training
ill reporting and who aPllJlrelltl, regurded it 8S a
chore to he. di$llOald of us ea$iJ)" 11$ possible. Se'-
eral Japanese who were interl-ogllte<:1 liS 10 this
procedure st"ted that slRudard forms were u'Oed.
From those which were reco"C1'etl, how...,-e', there
se<!I1lS to ha"e been little lI"i fOl,n it J' lind treutmcnt
in the reports nrie<:1 from good, ill u few cases,
to to oltlit the numOO" of frielllllJ'
plaJlell Olt Ihe Uight.
(-l) SOo details wh"I_"er were ;nc!lIde<:l, ill the
reportS reeQ'ere(l. to support. c!ailtl$ of damage,
and no confirmutioll was I"f!uired (or included)
of the number of enemy aircraft claimed to have
RESTRJCfED 21
JAP INTEL
l>el!n destr(ly('(l. The obvious l'eliult Wn$ Il tend_
to exaggerale damnge to Ihe
e"emy 10 'I point where the fij,'1lt'eij sllbtllltted on
cOlnbut. l'ellO,tS wel't! detrilllelltill to futllre plan_
ning. Captnitl Olnnll<) of the Na""l General Stull'
made this $tatemcnt: "In cases of attucks on ,.\lip_
ping, I took into considen>tion the tYP6 of target,
the "mount u1lf1 weight, of shells expended, the
general attnck 8it,,"tioll and the ,-eliability of the
witnesses. MI' e"alnation of dl",,"ge rCllOrte<:1 and
losses hv shipping was ordillurily ill the
neighhodlOod ofSO pCl'Cetlt of the repOI"ted dum-
ag<'. ll'"ttllliltion for the dalllage l'el'0l'ted in
lhe cases of uil"J)!a"es was 50 pct'Cent when the
lotal l'epot'ted WIIS to Or below, a3lf" percent for
losses est.imilled hum 10 to Wand 2::; percent f(lr
50 plllnes or a\JO,'e. in my opinion, ew"
these de<:luctiotls, the repo,ts were still exag
1;('",Ie<:I."
(5) The routing of cottlhnt repol'ls from the
appears to ha"e lacked uniformit,y. Com-
mander Yokum of the Section, 3rd Depart-
said "reports wel-e b)' I'lIdio ft'Olll the field.
The'-e we"e a few written rcj>Olts, howe"er, which
came inf1"f!"e"tly." Similar statements ",ade at
the Combined Fleet le"el lead to
the that written reports, except in un-
IIsual cases (e. g, ill the case of a request for an
II,,"a,.d) we>'t! not sent aho"(1 the lHel of t.he Fleel
Headquarlers, thus further limiting a profJt,lble
.... of inforrnutioll among major floot units.
c. Search and photo I'e(.'()nuaissunee wel'e I'e
'IS Ihe conoorn of operations in subordinate
IInits, to be Itsed ,0 supply lactical duta of imme-
diate necessity und, as 8uch, I'I!<:ei"e<:1 little diN!(;-
tion ft'om highe" commands. Cnptain Ohmtle of
the .\'",'al General Stuff, in a l'ellOrt which he pre
pared tit the of the Sn""e)', wrole: "The
Japancse Na"y trie(lto "'like the best, possible use
of pltotogruphie bllt conld not c"rl')'
Ollt lite program elfecti"el)' OOan.o;e of the general
fllil""e of "c"illl fighting power and a bad custom
of tuRking light of reconlluissultce befol'e tI,e
w"r From the begi,,,,illg of the war
IIltt il its tet'minutiolt the Impe"inl Xtl")' was sllf
fedug ft'om " shortuge of recOllllllissUllOO I'lnTlf'ti
(uud) trained o!>scr"e" 1:leI"SQltnel." At. the be
ginning of the war u few curriC!' plu"cs were
witlt camel'll;;, hut the pilots had re
JAP INTEL
,,i,,01 11'1 !I'IIilli,,1l' ill Hwi
, I' ""', Q"e-ti""p<1 ,
t u ..",pIO'IIIl'lIt of tl", }"'} a_ "
\.... '0 "Il"'''1' 'S""
'(1' ,\<111111'>11 OI""'lIshi 1'1""."" .. ,. ,. .
r I . ", II ra,,1 we
, II I liS<' !l1I'II' f,,!, 1I",dJ "r """lhinll''' (TI
l"l't",,." "f D"td, lIarh(o.. tllk!'11 0;' tlll.li..,.t d
Iltt".. k an'lhe "i,,!!Je 1l0tllLoI . '. II,' h
"
. . 1', \'It,_1 'II a."
" t 'e ""er"'!!"I"'llS-) .
(I). Th.'''"ld,out tlte \IIII' d''''pitea I'" >I'r
o,).!"u,zat")11 O\>lIIe"ltllt '"0'1' illl'>'_."., ,} "
J J . "'. It'.,.
"', "nly :2 1"Il<'Onlllli.,..,.",.., '''l"a,IN''',;. both IUII:1
hu""oI. ,\ 1II'ltoto ''''''''"U; ...,.''...., \\'lIS b,. II
:! S<j1lJ"!",,,s. the pilQ{s had be-t't;
no t ..a., IIlllg In I,!tot"l!ral>hy. 1',,"her Ii.u i-
t"ttOIlS WC'''' lInl>Ol;(l<.l e"""",!, "ulnen,biln,
of the 11 .....<1 ill lite ,"rt ... ,ta!!,\O of the WII'::
the poor '"Il<:or<l of .\1",". '''''''onltai,_
"'''c,' ,,11111" t1-;e<:1 ill laiC" SIll;!"":
luck of fight"r proh-'t:,io". and elfeet.
"'PIle;;;, of L'.:-:. '">l,b, w"",illg.
d. I'holo i"Il'tI'r.,IRtion ",as ,lono ttl lIir lIt't1
he"dquRl"ter!! (tltere was ""0 ,,".in.....1 inteqln>l.. r
at each slIch hl'lIdIJIIII""l'B). ",,,I di,;,<>millation of
an."Olllt",] pltot0i!l'R!)h. 1\11, t1':btrictet1 to Ihe oper.
"till).! 'lIIit ''()IIt'er"et1 with lit .. I"">:,"t I'h"to.
>:,I"phed. l"for"'R.i"" f, ....'n '"tcr.
1"'Nulio" 11"11." <!i'pllltltetl t" tlte SOIl",,1 G"u"ral
0""1,;,,,,1 SOu"lIl 1'"".....\ I",,!!r>llll for
I," ,mIl!! 100 a,ldit i"nlll ;""'I"J"'ete,,; I 0 be >I,,;/-"led
to all SlIII"tlrOtlS WaS .bo"l h)' '"1,,,,,11'011
de",all<l, II !\t'I1l1 for "dditi"nal I'hot"'.;rnph, of
shil'l,ing IRrl."'!;l >It Okillawa and 1,1'0 ,Jim>l for
K"mikll .... u"aeks. and. hohltc<1 !-""It'n>1 reali",,
tion (If th.. i."port"nce of lit" work. Th.. da.... " WIt,
Slill in aL the 1',,<1 "f th WI<>'. Tltere Wa"
110 alte'''I'' mlldc 10 mai",,,ill a "u'ti""ous phot(>-
g"apllie ' .....,onl of ene",y !no"" ,lc,..lopIllCrtt 1111<1
"0 phowgl'RJ,hic inte,.pret"ti"" "N,t"r 10 h.ndl,'
,,'ch a pt'Og,,,,,,.ltad it l>eell "lte",pted.
,Ialldards. Ihe '-ellllt." achiHet1 ill .erial pltOlo-
b'l"lIphs lind int"I'pn>I>lliulI by the .Jttpttll""'i' XII'T
negligibl...
c. 1'lllk 100:lItio"s W"t\'. where I'0;;:<ible. ro""d
aNiall'h"to).!,aph. "nol lite i"form.tio" """"
l'uShCtlto the <I"ta on .\.\ ptrf"",,,,.
''''ct ,,"lIS bCm dow" ltV/it th. Ital'al r""'ar-ch labo,.,.
I"ry lolli 110 """s ,n"d,, III .")' 1,.,."1. b...
IHat),e",alie,,1 "Rlclll"uun or tll'n,i'., d"I>I'lldi"lI'
On the c"nl"S(' ,,"<1 altitude of the pl."". X0l'er-
"O,",el wne. """'j.rnet1lo Ihis tll,k )111<1 no "',,"11.1
link eha"l.<. or ,(tt,lie<! on the "tlbj""t w,'l'f' """,\,
9. Relaljmuhip 10 O"",,t;o,u
Pla"",ng
." ;.,',,1 o"".... tio".1 pI",," '-'"'''....... lly orill'inaled
euher U1lhe Xa,.l ....l :-{)ItI" or in Combined
X.'"al Fol't'C ll .... ""d _re <I,.,. ..." "I'
.fltr di"""""ioll loy the Io".ds of tht t'KO o.. .... "i_
.....Iiou". \fn!ti" Ihe .\'....1Ge""....l Sutl". "",!,on-
"iLoiht... with II", hi Dep.runenl. ",pniztd .."
8!tO"'ll ill d'.r{ XI.
b. E,timate_ of ..... I.. biliti....
.nd imemi"t" mad" tht 1,la,,"inl!' lI'l'OI'l' of
Ihe I,t s"",ion "'ere ba;,...J on informatioll from
''''0 ",.jor 3rd (inltllill"rtC\') and
the (r.lrnnnllli""'tiOflll) Dell&nmem_ of lhe
X"...l General $nll'\ddilional illfot'U'alion
wa' reeei"e<:1 di...." from OI"'.... ti,,1l' fl'-"'t fo""",,,
d"I",ll'h and (rom lhe _\rm.r .' ""'luire<!.
e. Ouri,,>:, tht e.rl., planllinll' _lage; for in'por_
t>l'" opl'l'IItions. ,,1I "...il.ble ",("rmatioll "'IlI<
brollll'ln al nW'PlinL"" h"ld by the ],,1 De
p'"'1l1telll altd ute",l..d h.,' the h.....d. of Ihe :lrd
,,"d ;'th Del'.rill"'''''- It be<:'am" Ihe ""'I-'O'"i-
billty of tit... 1,I.uninll' group of lite ht Deparl'
ttll'nt to mab ('OIl,I'....he".i'e an"lysis of ar.,,_
RESTRICTED
. d ._-, the final ",hid,
'''It' ""t""'l"! an ]l1 ..... U . I b
w... illl..... into the 01',)r811011 phm an, on
IllirlPd tn Combilll'<l Sa'"sl IIcndqunrltll">!
"ml. if lll'l'ro.-ed. to the Chief of lhe N'n,"s[
eral SHIff,
<I .\ duu", ,lo""';ng ,;<0111'-"'.. 81\d in-
JAP INTEL
JAP INTEL
WAR PLAN INFORMATION SOURCES, JAPANESE NAVY
I TNERE WAS. D.,LY EXCNANGE OF 'II'OIl...T,Oll 9ETWEE" THE 3RD AND OTN &[PaRT_
ME"n, BOTH OF WN'CN USO RECE'VEO IN'ORMn'ON SCNT BT OlvnG>< HOM FLEET
FORCES LI.ISON ON INYELL'GENC MATTERS WITH THE .RMY ".S ACN'EVEO TN"OUGH
SEMI-W[KL' MEETINGS OF DEPAUMENT HEADS 1
JAPANESE NAVY WAR PLANS ORGANIZATION
'" DEPT
WAR PLANS
,TEMS PERTAINING TO wAil GUIOANCE
A"O NATtO ...1 POLICIES INVOLVING
M'LnARY AHA,RS
I R.o, Adm, I Cap!. I LI Com'"
SECTION
12tn SECTIO".
'"
GENEIlAl-
GROUP AFFAIRS ESCORT OPERATIONS;
PLANNING
GROUP
AID IN PLANS CONCERNING
HOME DUENSt
ESTIMATE Of SITUATtOtI;
DUTIES PEA-
2 Coplo.;4 COmdt5,' LI
OPEUnON PLANS, WUT'ME
UINING TO
IPERSONNEl ,,.OWN ARE AS
QAGANIZATlO,,; ITEMS PH-
OPERATIONS
REQUIIIED Bv HalE Of ORGAN. TAINING TO JOINT QPEAATOOHS
SUPPLY PLANS.
IlU'ON YO CONCURRENT BETWEEN ARMY AND NAVY.
1I0La,NGOr TWO POSYS
3 Cgpt.
BV ONE OFFICEIl. ACYUAL NUM.
I Copt ,6 II Cgmd..
UR ASSIGNED WAS ABOUT ro'lIo
2 Lt, .. YIIAN 'IIalCATtD.)
CHART :II
RESTRICfED
'"
'" DEPT
WAR PLANS
NAVAL
GEN sTArF
2nd OIV
INTELLIGENCE
ARMY
GEN sTHF
3,p DEPT
INTELLIGENCE
NAVAL
GEN. SU,Fr
OEPT
CO.... UNICATIONS
NAVAL
GEN STAFF
,-
-,
CAPTURED
PRISOItEII-Ol'_w.tll INFOR..ATlON
REPORTS FROB! FlEET SUIIFAC( FORetS
AERIAL RECONNISSANCE
MILITARV ATTACNES .lifO SPECIAL
SIIVICES ORGAN'14TIOIfS.
ENEMV 'f(WSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES.
INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATIOfl OF
INFORMATION COLLECTED OVER A
LONG PERIOD or TIME.
./REPORTS OF 9ATTLE RESULTS
\.AERIAl RECONNAISSANCE:
ANALYSIS OF RADIO TII4FFIC VOLUME
IoIONITOIIING OF MEDIUM AND SNORT-
WAVE 9ROAOCASTS
DIFFERENTIATION OF CODES.
PLAIN lANGUAGE TRANSMISSIONS
RADIO DIRECTION FINDING
ANALYSIS OF AIII-TO-AIR ANO BIR-TO-
GROUNO TIIANSMISSfONS.
ANALYSIS OF PRIORITtES ASSIGNED TO
INTERCEPTED TRANSMISSIONS
CHART :J:Ir
RESTRICTED
V. JAPANESE SOURCES OF INFORMATION
RESTRICfED
t im rtlillCl'. hut did not the $('"1'''
of the Chi"f of
'
he oIXler '''''\lell in II""''' by dl1'<!CtHm
,
0
. II I rter:!" W
the "B"1I1 Stafl'. ImperlKl . ell' (lun _' I
the went 1><:)'""d the
till Chid of General tilnl{ by the I::mpero
II:" l'lnn was allhmill",l '" Ih6 Emperor 11,1';
I'l'm"1I1 lIud thell ;""lIed 1I11 or<ler of the.. R'R
Staff. I"'[>erial .
f The lntellij..'llllce gTI,' (Ot' daytod,,) plnll'
WaS supplied or.. 111 dnily co"f,'rcnces 't
te"ded departmcu!. Rlld ":II$ SliPI'
I b llllell"enro e;;lllnllie pub
Inenle< 'II .. . I
by 'the 3rd Dep,"1ment
i'"cn '"en' limited di,tr,hlltH;m. At the ,bu)
thl! Chief of :\n,-,,1 General Staff
all)' presided, alld a review of the. general "al
RESTRICTED
JAP INTEL
. . b;oed on Illlest di.pnl<:1ll->; was 1'l'l';;cnh'd
sltUI.1H>11 a. I I I'il,.
If I I' Ilke.r wh" Illn).!." I ,I .
the- ,til ';. rlhe "al',,1 (le,wntl Slllll'
" The 1.,,11l110n, Ill' (). I f
,. I \ G'"ernl Stnff in the lIet 0
Illldl'e,I"u,'c j"'
\\" ' ,lllllnin,:wlls IlIllilily one of L'Onferellc,' ,n,
III I un itnportnnt ph"'s, IlI'HHlg ke)'
1;<"'. pa I I ,II' Mllth'I'S L'OnfcI'I-ed upon
omc<,'rll"flOl'Sll'. 1 1
I 10 hi/(lt eommll'" e", lUI!
were b' d In hiJ!hh' illll'011,lllL
ttw;r () 1,"ne. G . i Stnlfll con.
nlllttCI"l;. lhe chiefs of Ill(' lWo elle,n
fen"<.><1 di''I!ct)'' with each olher. . .
I I' i!lOll Ihe thmlle On was 1Il
"
., .Ill f ,,",)Orlson
t Ie om! 0 I I 1 being pre
\ i
"" Ilgrccilwill the _ I'''y lln:
Nlll')' Gene",1 Sluffs hnd been rene.hed. de-
cision WllS reRehed at these consultallOus.
"
JAP INTEL
I, Summ.."
n. While it IselcRr thlll II grelltdeal of illfor",a_
1io" WllS oLlaille<1 by the frolll U. S. pre.
war 1l111IOUllc."ments alld InICI' from S(lur,;e$ such u
radio llewhlllll*I'S. "lagazilleJi, publica.
lions, etc, i"fonnlll;OII ill point of fact WILl!
ofteutilll<'S Btl elnOOrlltc, Ilcla;led, ll"d of such.
highl), dllss;/ied 1l1l\l1l1l 98 to hHe ("(I'ne only
through olherdlllnnels, t.he moreobl'ious of ..'!lich
He of WIr I'ri"'"ers, ca]>.
tured documcnts, and communicalions inten:elll!j.
The following Jist is hel;e"ed to comll;u, ill the
o'-ue" of ill1l>Ol'UlIIW llud relilll>ilily ill the JSpll'
ue!le mind. their primal')' sout\!1!lI of informalion:
( I) Co,mnlllliCRt iOlls ill1ellib>ellce.
(2) Radio broadcasts fr{lm U. S.on both ;ntu.
medillte Illld shon w,"e.
(3) Newspapers. ma"",zincs, periodicals. manu.
Ills. documenls, Rnd t<.'ChnicRI]>uhlicatiolla.
(4) Reporls from opcratioJlal forces,
submariue l'!C<)nllaiS$ll"ce. Ilerial "isual reconnlll8'
lind photographic lind inler_
wetllt;OIl. .
(5) Conclusions baBe<! on tllctical and st11l1egle
cctlsidcratiolls.
(6) Deductions from enemy ojlernlions.
(j) Calltured docnmenlll.
(8) P,isoller of war inlerl'Ogation.
(n) Reports from "uadH!s aLroad,
(10) T<.'Chnieal inlellib",m;e.
(II) Illfol'lnllt;on from ON"'"ll)'.
(12) lnfol"tllnlion frolll t'OIlBtwRlchers
Il"d lIati'es.
b. This is a cOlllposile list mll,le \II' fr{lm ."n
80111."l'S al"ailahle. l\'1) single OgellCY Or Ilulhont.'"
used nil of lhem or. indee<l.lwen liS!l'<lnll of
I t is lllliural lhol opinions dIffer
!IOlnewhnl as II) useful SOlll"--'<'S of 11",1
eSI><'Cially ;s lhis considered true .t he,r Hal "".;
tion ill order of ilnpol1llllce. Ilus h.t of 1_
!lOurces. howHel' is thought to he <."<,,"pIPl' lIllll
at"Cllrale a3 10 Ih,:"hanllels (or ldst
10 tho ones 10 Ihe III dle,r HHelh.
'C1100 work. If olher SOIl,""eS we..... used. they
I)bsellr.:. ,"'" 1I0W Illlli colllplete),'
"
dellioo, alld caml(J(. he tracood in -.ny uailablP
""""".
2. Commu"ktllioM ',"eUig_
e
a. It i$ eleu Ihat ool1lmunipations
of all ""tU"'.s hea"il)' relit<! upon by theJa(l._
as. fruit fill Btlun:e of infl)rmation. That a lUll)"
collsider.bl" ell""n Wll8 ""llellded nlong th_Iills
will be l1llldeelt... an examinatiollof tbeO<gUli_
Y.llti,,"S SCI uI' for this l'u'1>osl!.
h. Both II,e Anu)" "lid Sa,')' hll,l their 9CjlBrale.
org.ni""liolls workin!! OJ, C<ollltllUniclltion3 intel.
ligellce. 'l'h" :oIR"J'$ headquartera st.tioll .alI
locuoo Ilt Owada .nd tbe at Tellllllhi,
II) .l'aty--<JlOOda
(a) The organi""ti"n of Ihe sped.l Sl'CtiOlI
(radio inl.ellil.",nee) of the (com.
mUll)eations) of Ihe Gene... l SId', all of ".
i< .howIl on the follv.illK I"ge
(Chart 13).
(Il) This 3pe<:ial sectioll (Toku",u Hall) ill Ihe
NRnl Gene.... l Slaff was nn elllirel,. !leplu.,ue Rd.
'"illi8111l1i"e ullit. an"we....ble dire<:t Iy to the Chief
vf the Xa"ol Genel1ll Staff. It "'a" headed by
,\dmiral SOlllura who wu al;;o heRd I)f the
Dt>1'1It1lJ,em (communicatiollS). TI,e
officer of this ultit. COlumander On...a. Hldeo.
IJN", gal'e Ihe follo\\';ng b-eneral S... with
refcrenee I" the work of the Tokumu Hall:
-Dulil'S of the special ""'-1ioll eonsisted of illler.
t'!'ptioll lIlId III,al...sis of .\ II it'd nulio
nnd dissemination. b)' dl.]"'td,. of llllelhl1"u.....
n!eei"ed in this ",.IlIWr to the proper acti,it.'" for
nctiOIl whell justififfi ",hHwi,.. by daily alld
periodic sllllllllnrr 10 the Ministl)' and the
Sa")' Gelle.... 1Slall". III fonnlllJon jlldgo:d l(> be. of
imere!t 10 the .\r"'.'" ".ILI! rel ......t to the \\ar
)lini,tr)'. ..
The Stion Rnalyud shIp call s'gn
"olume of ool\ll1l\lllieuio:>llll tnllie. rooting of lnr.
Hc, and IlDF, olld hod lilllilt<! .'l<'Ce8S in predict-
i"J.( Al1i..d openuiollS hy this ".wo"s. .
"01ln'e>' of illrl)nn.tton were a'No-.lr
.nd tnIlSl"'';''IO'''l by ,\Ihed ro."""
which w" wPI'<'! abl" 10 break !lOme of the .t"'...
ond strike re,)O)rtd of th.. B-29s. The praetl..... of
""TRlCTED
1'1....,. llIesSllll"'llnd about 800 U. s, JlIiIituJ...
'nteraophld -ll"'I "en diRpetdMd..,
''OIII",,,,,i''ati,,n rolll.etll IIeYenl ti_ Ida*,
hcad'1"Rrters. Ul'/{"Ilt ....n' lIMt
10 by .. in', printed fonn,
tlr tII,lIo. \\ IItn a unit .... 01'_
10 sobn.. t ndlO directi01l.find;nll
tR,ho Il \\"as 1.1"" eml'lo)-..d for
l .... n."IIu"'lI orders to dctacl.<':d units
rorwarded Partial . __ . ' UlI
d . . ..e';""InK an
"'01l1l<ltI"g s-:rouJl!l "'ere RltllChed to d' de-
unil;> (Ono Ilud 11lIkutll
(<I)
(a). Strip and Illachi"" or lhe
Amen""n <:od<'!'l oould nO! be broken by
the ,'"panelW, but the 4'""nlernl ooo:lea could )..'Cn.
be ...hell in consid"....hle
(b) ,\ mtr,Clll dlplonlal ic <:odes ..",Id not be de-
the mos plIn.lhc J"pane;.e 11'1In,I"Ie<1
and utlltr.....,j ollly pIRillla"gual," me$SlI
(d O,in_rod"" (hei"en mt"u) u_1
fQr p"rll<Joi<";. ...peeiRlly thO'e u"e<l
fore;"." alurhe;; ill ("hi"a. Wtre dee.-.Je<l,
.\e)..'ls ooo:le ",..,..1 ror ,Iil.lvmatir I"'I'P'_ "",lid not
be brokell.
(tl) H""",ia', ,\nll.' a"d dil,loonatic L""'!es in
).. ..."e.... l """ couhl no, be sol"",I, Earlit-r in the
War. wnler 1:("1",, were d..o:-od..d. but as
lht,.. imprO'..1 10"'am Ihe elld or ,he ,,'or,
1->1"""'"1' mild, nlOre dilliruh.
(e) French, halia", a"d other code:; "'''re par_
11an., broken.
(4) Re<tttU.
(a) From decoding it l>t>6Bible 10 !!\!t a
clear picture or Ihe silualion in Cbin,
around Ihe Chungkillg- Go..ernmellt.
(b) ,h. Te-1I11 of mOllitoring. ;1 ]>o&lible
to gm a f.irl." dear picture of the gelletlll """Ile
QIlll tim.. or lhe Okina"'a landing<' some IWO "'l!I'k.
be.fore lhe," hapl'elled,
(c) As a Te;ult <>J moniloring. il wa< pLo.;ible
to antiL'i"le tl.... 1l-2!J raids <>II lhp moinla"d
abulll {;-7 hOIl"" RllIllhe by ,1M" :, hour::.
erenemll.'". of Il10re Ihan 'Ol",,,,,,,m "'ILS
"lolailled, ]Illl lhe "'Imber or and th"
frequl'lIe-" of Ibe raid. increased, Ib.. problem be
ClIme much 100'" difficult for Ihll Japanese,
(d) Since both lhe An",' and the Sa'''' 00.
per"led 10 a I1I.on lhi. 1,"J>Ilof ("fol"-
mation source, and sinl'6 each bad 0"'" quill:
R<Snucrm
th" 11_2lJ,j ll<Jj"stiug radiu f .
. , f ...... I'rior 10 a
r,,1( (I tell wanl;n" . .
, .. v 1111 UfIP'.'Il<Jmg st.rlkc
I he l'rt'i'ence "n,] 1l1lnsmissioHu '" _ .
, u _.0 weather
1"t-"-,?UI\/lI""aIlCC plNllell I'ro"i<Jt'd i"ron"etio" bv
whIch 11m ,Iap/lltl:lle W"n "n '
. , ' ..v I""''''''l Nue"",.ful in
l"r!!el 10 hc att/lcke<J.
I he onl., Illforlll"tioll useflll to 11 " " I
&oction I'e<: '. I f I '" "Iletl"
, 1"(IlIll IC GerlllaM tl,e
(!;Iro,,,lc/l.. ,\ II iL'(1 Merd",,'t Shi 1>3) Im'ic ooo:le
or thIS.L'LIIle perlllitted us to hreak ,I,,'re.t":
sh Ip t!'''''8I11 ,s.,io"s tv IOcr<:hQllt shipf', Qnd ""limBte
\"011I1I.,e of 1Il.o,elllelll of shill tramc. [t did not
1>Cl'lrllt .11Qcklll.!!:, nOr di<J it [lro"ide in.
"." the exnct l-:oogmJlhic lOO'atiotlJl of in.
(lInd",,1 sl"r8,"
(e) 'I'I'QII,,,,issir>lls al Ownda were
hrokell nl'e", anrl "ne ",ilh as man)'
as 10 responsible for
III of the !;C"crn) brrogrnphic
In "d,htll"'10 ..ohlllle. call Sij.'ll'. dif.
f.,..,ntl.at 1011 of <:od"S, alld [lrl'cedellcc of IrnUic,
"''''', possible On 11le l""is of of'>l'rnt"r
'''ld SIll!, or Illllt .-\ peak of lrnftic
,'vlullle illdk"I",1 " I" Ihe aJlQl\'sls In
Own<l", but did not tell whl''''' the wOI;I<1 IIIQ.
le,inlize. A ,letail",l of the work of
the O\\"",1a li,u'lIinl-: post. >-Oil"'" of all app.....:i
able QlIlount of i"lelli)..'Cnce for ,Jal'llIIeso> Xal'\'
is (,Ollt"i"ed in Ihe illtPITOb"'l ion or Liell--
t"lIallt COllllIl,,"del' Snlake. T.. J,JX, who WaS ill
wOI'k the (USSB:; Inltrro
IlItel33).
(2) Army_TenMM
(a) The Japane're Army'$ organi7.atioll for
waS 110 I<'SS lhoroul!h
,,"d, If Ilnylhing, was nen more exlell.;,e in ilS
operntion, rOl' lhi5 work al
'l'pl1ashi. At lhe C'Ollelusion of Ihe war. ncrording
10 " translated documenL tit lcd, Rcport. Oil
.1"l'ane... .. h,tcl1igcnce, of In
lelli""C,,ce of the Spcd,,1 Centrnl [ntcUi-
1-""l{"C Dcpal1111clll:' 7COIIIIIIIIII;C"1 ioll$ units <Joilljt
interception alld rndio direction-finding work "'ere
,lisllorod ill ,'ariOIIS pillet< tl,ro"gho"l the J ,,]ltlnC><!
homeland {rolll Sapporo, Hokkoido. in the nOl1h
to Fukllokn in K\'ushll 10 lhe SOllth. T""!lslation
of lI'e <Joclllncll1' N"c"ls the following infon"R.
lion:
The lOt"l IImuber or lIll'$8ges illle""'Il
I
..
1
<Iaily nbollt 2Z(J diplolllatic RI1I1 ne"'.
JAP INTEL
"
3rd BRANCH
l
Comd, and
10 Re..,.e Olfoo...
OWADA COMM UNIT
120 comlT\lJnicoliOfl.
p"sonn,1
Lt. Comd,. funOIO
IRullia)
Copt Endo
Lt. Comdr. Soloke
{U.S e. Brlloin}
2nd BRANCH
CODE BREAKING
RESEARCH
Lt comd,. Nokoloni
(Chino)
Sludenl T,oine.. Vud
Upon Em"Qency
(AIIO Heod 01 Oeporlmenl)
LI Comdr,
r
JAP INTEL
SPECIAL SECTION, DEPT
Roo, Adm. Nomura, H..d 01 See'ion
1.1 BRANCH
ITHE OWAOA COIoiIolUN,CATIONS uNIT WAS AN INl>EI'ENoENT UNlT CAPTAIN ,,"OllIKAWA
HAO TWO OUT,S _ COIoiIoiANOIHO OHIGEII Of THE OWAOA COIoiIolUNIGATIONS UNIT, ANO HEAO
Of THE THIIIO BRANCH OF THE SPECIAL SECTION.
I Rue,.e OWc"
Comd,. 0'0"0, Hideo
GENERAL AFFAIRS
COpl Amona (now deod)
RESTRICfED
RADIO INTELLIGENCE ORGANIZATION, NAVAL GENERAL STAFF
RESTRJcrED 30
1lESllUCTED
"......niul ..>ll. II might lw 110.1
lhe"" wOllld h.no bHn. 11",,"1 dnl of l'OOllt ... tioll
.nd J)"",luelive ""I,,ten the 1"'0. Such,
hO"f\"Ir. wu not c."l'. FI'OlIl
of b" 1ll'I'l!l.lIlnel in e.ch lll'rvicfo It ;;:,eems Ih.1
onl, "lI'ec1i.-1' l'OOlltralioll-in bet lilt 001,' li.i
".,n of .ny kind-was Ihe p.""ini! of
copi"" hy one. "'hich il Ihollght ,,"otlM 0'-
"'il!hl be of inle"""I. 10 olher. llle llluilllUJll
of intelli
tIIrduJly Sf( up ."d b, Nch lien'
..1.....11'1,.. "as Ihus 1""1 10
Ihroll";'. bck of l"OOrdinal;"n. which .-eems dlRr.
.CI..ri<li .. "f Iheir intelli"'I'nce 8l!l"\'icea.
JAP INTEL
..
il ""1')' unf
- ortlln.le ....1 of doinlf
b.
. (I) Uy OUr 81.udlrds il "'Duld
., (Of the J. -..-. th.1 lilt'
be de..-ir..d. E.Ill!ci.lly did Ihl:=:fl muclt 10
II.H.Cka .....re II Inoe as our
lme. II wu nOl he"."1Ie f I ltDl.U .Iong the
rhe"al"eofsudll'>:>:'li
. u".I!l8&Il..... o.l.. oftl
l",rtllwm """"... tiolls 0 Ih "'11loOTl'
c.:omrnlllltier l'oku... ,n 18 1"'"11 00l\>e>< front
I
aIr ..... of X I ... _
eTl "".lI'illlelJigt'Il.... : ..... ...."n
-I wo"ld Ill"'.. liked 10 h..... I, I
. ., mO....
n.'''''''n..... I would It ..... lik,,'d to b..... kno..- I
"umher of ,,1.n""'.1 Sai,." f . II lie
. or IDst.,..... Ifo-..-.
e"cr. "e,,,lqu.rters co",lt! nO! inili.tt'
"""te: RellOrts from field unil$ "...""
"'.. rn III the forI!) of On the d
'J'I"'" of I ,.. rnn
.J' .Hrl .. IIIfonnali"'1 ".11... f
bRses "'I"d, lIlt (", S d .. ,ro",
I ,. ue 'lre"lo
'l'Nk-d""'n of COmmunicallons. J iuur
Ihe laek of ..m 'n reconn._nce. 1 hea '1
Ih.1 the U. S. h.d rerotlll.i!l8&n<'e
n'ns It"l il a j!:OOd id.... W" could
not I'"' mlo pn<:liet! of of
1 m.d.. !!<""" but no
."l1'nllo" \O"h I..,d 10 Ihem. 1 knew tI'.1 Ihe ideal
!IOu..... of i"fonnalion WR!' reconn.i$lRn..... ri.sual
.ud I,hotof,....
(.2) Thi. stol)' of in.bililr 10 perform
rmmn.J.Boi;U><'e .t lhe nlOoil ..il.1 period,
,. f"nh.. r OOnlt 0Il1 i" ..ren hig""r eire..... b,.
R"...\d'"iTll Tomioka. "'h" hceame OI"'Tlt'OII'
""d W.r ofur of Ih" Xn'.r Gcn....1Suit
in 19H dtcr ,;eni,,!!., ",,,nlllilld..r. !'ou,h.
.bl A..... FI.....l. IIII' faU of lh.. .lofan.n.;:.
(llle ..:urn"I". <Ie..i"" for .......
....nn.i_n<:e. tlte J"I"'_ &em.lh eml)lon.<!
.. ,."I.li'"ly .r.. w 1111'1'01.... TOI"i"ka ";id. ,.
T"uk raid WI_ COIuI,lel .. our /'K'On.
n. Wb ""'). "'Iny of <IlIr l"lrob
f.,I..d 10 reI urn. ...., 01>1'''''- "'1' IimJled
,It" number of ,,"r .... ...,h .nother
eX.ttl"I... TOllJioka ..ited Ibc faCI thl Ult
of l'raCli""lJr no .... ..ul... ,,'atrols
" .... /10"'11 our oflhe "'en! Un.
.bI" 10 ""'"d lhem OIlI: 1.-.. dUl' 10
1,1."" or I'iloo f.II" ... "'f"" hlp.-
(3) .\ of lb. ",..",,,uti..
of Jap."...... n'l'OlIll.i_n"" ""me in October IlIU.
... in the .... """ of broadca.stiJ by "....
intended for dorne!j\ic consumption."
4. U. S. Newspapers a"d Oth,r PllblicatiOPIJ
. AllOth",r major lK>urt.-e of il,forlll.tion tor Ihe
J.I)I,neR inteJligt'IK-e "'u iu U. S. n.....s
j"Ill'I'll. nl.pziJ>t'S, Ill'riotlicals. .nd
lechniC1l1 public.lions. ilKOnd only III
to COmlllllnic"tion. intc1Jij.",nce "",I radIO broad
....stsnd 11\1",1 h, a number of inten'iewl'ell U
"'1".1 or Hfll l5Ilperior to Ih.... IlOUTCeIl for
....-ot'ml intQrmatioo. ..-en> collected IIfn-
ure in wnr Will':'! ant! I'lirch.oe ill n..ulnl COllll
trif!!. 011.. of the 1Il0'1\ C',lllC;S\l .. iews of their m;e
is upre;;se<\ ill Ihe "'.Iemenl, of COllllnallder
Im.i:
"'.\I'hough Ih..y "'ere of grMIU...hlt Ih.n radio
b...... dcasl$ in thaI Ih"ir rollt ..nlJl "'ere more 5ub.
9lnmilil. on the "'hole Iltcy did not re"dl our hllnds
in tilll.. It> be of much u;:e in di>;eclinll" the war ef-
fort. Thev .....re. ho"Her. of ,.Iue m.teri.1
for checking the OIher inform.lion .I.....dy reo
cei,",t I'hologTllphs of n.,..1"_Is.nd .ircraft,
alllotlP" tlte m"kri,,1 ."d in ",ar wnes,
pro"MI lalu.ble 11.8 le<:hllic.1 ref"",,"c" matcri.L"
b. Acoordin/!: 10 the .... temenls of. number of
highl)' pl.ced in both Ihe Army
and 1'.'T, procurement of U. S. newsp"-p..J'S .nd
publications reemed to be one of the chief con
t:Crn!I of.1l 11.8 "'ell as "a"al .nd mili
UM' .tt.ches .broad for J.flIln. Theil' impor.
I.n'("" in .nOlher y 'II"U poinled out bl Admiral
Ono. head of " 1 intelligence, who said
trnek wns kept of tedmic,,1 developments through
ue"'spaperg !lnd ... zi"es."
5. Ref'Orts From Oper"tio"aJ Forcu
. RellonH from Olltn'lion.1 foTCell lind recoo
of "II kiuds were. of course, nlilde use of
by the J_llllnese, but in l'arying deg..- a"d ,..itb
..arying degrel'fi of effecli,en..... "'ronL line .....
ports., .cronling 10 J.i..ukn.nt Gen.....1 Arisue.
G-2 chief at Arm)" Gcnel'lll Headquar1ers, ...",Tf
"oorlsider",llt> be ndiablo IIlul "ceurnle dUl'iug .nd
dter the conflicl:' But rellOr1.11 of .ir Ioseea. !If
said. "'ere defec1;,'e because of '"the h.bit of l'!'"
por1ing en"my 1_as high .nd our losses u 10....
.hr.ys.- snd it bec.me nealS/!1\ry to rely on ..
cstimat.. or their own ntt"ilion bv lbe
largll orde/'ll for part.ll .nd sp ..ee tlt.t came ill
JAP INTEL
..
RESTRICT[>
3. RM/io Bro<Uir.sts From U. S.
. li. S. radio 1Ie"'ll brooodc.",u.60 pro"ided the
J.p.n_ ...ith "'hlll Ihe, 51ale to be onl' Ilf
mO<>t fruitful ilIlnn:es of infoTlllRiion. Henr Ad.
n,iral Ono.IIJS. who Idl Iheeolllm.nd of the liB
Y.m.to in 19-13 to he.dlhe 3rd l)el..rtment (in
tel1it-"'IlC'e) of the S....I St.ff through
Al,ril of I1f.l5. liO(ed 5uch bro.dc.sts ail his
usefu]"' lK>U>'Cll of information it came
in mo.I Intennedill.l.. bro'lIlcll!!l$lor do-
mestic ronsIlmption. he !!Ilid....ere more
dUIA .lhort .... '"".lthough the I.tter prond
ful 10 othu SI.ff ollicens,
m.n) of whom bore leslimon, nl...:> to the ciTe<:
ti,'enes of radio b...,.dcasts as !lO"rce of in for-
ID.&tion. 11tt' follo..in/!: i quoted from lhe inler.
rogation of ComlD.&ndu Im.i. IJ:'i", "'00 handied
intel1iJ,,'llnce on Sonh .nd Soulh America:
Actualll', radio reporlS frOIll all o"er the
"'-orld. as we labul.ted Iheln, M,re the he;;1 llOUTCe$
"'e had.. For enrnple....e "'Ollid hear of <:on.
ference beI ... .lolac.\nhur .nd in n
Fnnciseo. "'hich ...o.dd me.n M>l1K'thing impor.
tant wu eominl! Ill). Then we would hear of a
conference in Pearl H.rOOr of frouL line rom
manden..nd .......k1 If)' 10 esim.le the direction
of the nut mOve,
of Ihe cellJi(}l'$hip t:1Irried oUL by the
U. S.. it ,...s not lJO!lSible 10 <':llpecl m"ch ,'"Ine
from inform.lion of lemponr,' ."d shot1li.ed
nailire. bul "e _re .ble 10 m.ke stalisti<:lll !!ur
..-ey by cJMI!lif)'ing inform.tion of all kinds re-
ceired o..-er long period$. We think it "..s lK>me
liml!ll JlOS'lible to ohtaiu mnlerial of "alue u)lon
...hieh to our judgmenl. Thn "'as e;;-peei.llr
RESTRICT()
1fU" .rrom :dl da,_ 10 month II.,.
-'II'"fi.-.nl (onf.."""",,, of AlliN ......
7.C4pt__
.'. It, i,lllt.toteR..... J bad inb--
m.l!"'" lh dootall DOIlI'Cm, 0111' f-.
\\1ule !'IW' of 0/,. ,,,,,,,, ca_ f
...... o.f .lrln.1 OII",r
-'/fruJkaIll i'.I..U,,",,w:e mlterial
, "" '
, e of !he t1\OrC llO.....wth) """1,11S of Ihia
'0o"", "''':' I J.poo.,...... docu_'lI '*Ilit.,. f<>rth
0tpmzoholl of r ..\no,' Ind X.,v IiI' m.n..
b,. the X....I GelH'rar.' a!J'''tclii/!l1lOe
.n,1 I.t ..r CIlplol'fd b" OtIr f_
;">&'pa,, ICiIlCJ>ll(('ioCl"O.\
IloooJ:!b tI", I1'port ro",.. II.... >OIlle ..I'M....nd
llteo" re,.n1rn, h" ,
II III ,lIr".",i,,..I,,
IDd --...... te in ll1Ill.r ""'i.........,..1 mucb
lllOre <let.''''':1 thin. nliehl bt ul'l"'led, h <'On
t.".. I Ii>! of earncn.. tfil and chart. on car.
ner "'I'ladron ot'J...nit.Uion. Mimaleo; or 1,I.ne
01"_.." ...."011 of patrol f_. "
c,1ie :Sll'al .ir f_. XI"lr .\ir 'I''''''''I''.n Sf,.,..
...... )llril\e .\.. ('or/",. and ...mil.r material otI
.\rm .,r fOl'Ce"o. Rear .\dmiral Tlkcuthi...hO:ie
<'1.'011 prod I ducumtnt. .."" q_ioned
.1 Iett,l.'th "'Iardiel!! tl......... Il;lf((. brou1I 001
III""" I"''''''''
n) Thai infornlllliOll foe lhe dl'1.iled omani_
:Q1101l ch.n "f lhe (T ...hich -.---'
ran of the oocllln..m. -.nIL'" han 00IlH' rrom cal"
lured UocUUW'''L...W He added that tM [' ....
t:
Iwtn .bl.. to co""I'il.. _....-h Ii" fUl'l tIC.. "hil'.w
(2) 11,.1 .. I\ilc cal'lol'l'd docomcn"''''nd och..r
>oUn't'Il(lf illronnauon- m,Pt' pcn.in onlf 10 Oue
SlJlIad_TOO (II' one ".n of lhe
sud> lIlfonnahon 0'-'1' riod of I""" M ..tlI hl,o(l
me. JlOIreiMIl.rl.r ill tbe of o$.ler .bip;. to
",.k.. f"t.ilQate-.
(3) .\UIOII!! ..hal M considered. nO)' impor.
I.m don.."....1 "",oIured b.,' 1M d"rin/f
tbe .... r .... 0'... oIuulfd ...... J.JlOI__Iup du...
..,.. Ih" '-'P"...liot, ..hil-h "...-.- lbe <:(In,plet..
O!'J. .."iull()n. incluJllll! .ir or 01... of d...
t._k for('f'-. M:-uch 1;'OIlI1>lc1..... docun...
M ... i,l. Mn", ""I)' "'11'. W
III Th.t .fl..r the .ir ... ;,l- "P"L-I lbe Emp"...
JAP INTEL
h)' III .. J.nl'IIl1""" Ind III...ir im[l"'rt
.m.... m'nd I",,,,.,.,. '"",. ." in Ihe J.p.
,.. "'t.."" I
",.lId..r )1"u. ki .< ,, .. --,..w 10" <If (0111-
. .
1I01l._ for th S- . I G c II .. of 0Fle...
,
.. e. "'a '''''.....1St. I
wu .. "l>mi"" I....... I I . . t
I.lld ill SlUth.. rl; K,'u" II. I ,at Ih" .\Ihes "'O\Ild
"' ...l .."I...rll ...... " L
..""1 ''''''._1. ill Pill"'r Ih" \ k I . "1'1"..
(
'. . r,. .. Ia, 'II' )1 k'
."'." all 0llUlIon b" tl ... .
Ihal "Illi. " .\n",q.1,,1 h..
o "h -trale"; I '
a judgment loa I ". C I .... '_'on
. ....: ",,",u 1'0 partlClll
"f mr"nn.lio,,- but "I"'" -.; II' "Ie('<'
of Ill" 11lIrticnr.rlJ'
11'.1 Ii..-",J", Wb .n i.la"d IiI' ... act
""ltld he ...... in...1 o"er it il . I
'. .'" m,oot "'1l11OIl1
I"Otl.ltIlUn'('ftIl('''": ,>are,col.rir railro-d tOmmuni,
(Mnd) tl I., ,tral"" ,,_ ,.,
, .",'>CI ... """"'<'n th..
"""" 1"'" "f JRI>ol" o"d Chin.,-
c. III f"rther .."pl.n.lion. Conun.I"'- " '
k"dh '. ouo:r .. "
sa, t e ITICtbool or movernc"es' of
.l.:s. ro......... "m.u,ll' oommo" b,' 11",1\"l.
ulg pre"".". mOle?",,,t.< of L S. force/!.: b)'
"."""" .\1''''.'' ",,0.1 :s... int.. roep.
I"d jltdl,,'IIlCIlI$OUI of "'hol intelligence 111I.
t"r,"I_ w.. h.d.-
d.\ .det.iled "l'I,li..... tion or II",,", t....
f<>U11I1.1Il cololore<l ,1.1.."...... d"cu.t"'lll.
1.lctl '" CIIl('P.,,Cill('l'O.\ ll"llHi" l-IO--t;:, uf
7 Jlln"
"The (If Ihe ...,,,"!\' tl,k f{lrOl! ..hieh
.ir .1I.cl.:;, IJ... i"", ti'e ;;oolh.._ poI"'
t,ons {If Our "'.,n .re '101 llllCU...lel\
kllo",n. bllt i" ,i"... "f Ihe file! lhol it his bee;,
RW.... fl'OIll it_ hOln.. boo"" f"r a IU"I! lin..... hl<._ ""f,
f"red "''''' ....,"'''ble 1_ ., Iwo .IunllId h""
la"nch"'l 110 .ttnl'ks .in"", I )I.rch. it ('an be in.
thllt tI... t."k fo....... ","" ho... returned to
Lilithi Or tile )lori.lI.... .
"iI hiS been aIUIOI,,,,,,,,1 Ih.1 Xiulit. relun>ed
t(l on ;'j )1.11'11 .nd cord 1 ....illl
liing. lIal...,.," particip.ti"" a,; 1\,0 In
""mlt'('(l il con h" ..-ilh ..ill,.. ..
1".1. (V"fere"c.. <II, op.... t'on" ill the I'lCific ..';'
h.. ld. ;:;ill"" ""0'" Ih., 11..... 01......lIO<L_
t)o('C"r f",m :!O .10)'" to I mor,th Iftel' r-od"""Kb
"" "'MlteI!J' ..... I"'ld. "I' "m_' .... ollihe II..., duro
th" "'HI "f )I.reh .Itd rIJ .\i'ril. ....." Ihoueh
"e do nOl: kilO'" ,,'here II bl".. ..,II f.ll.-
Thu ""HI" doc",,,...,, '"ak"" l'"illlf'(1 .... ference 10
Ih.. flld thlt .\lh..d 01.....li(>l', .. ... be-
JAP INTEL
C\J1l,lI'l1ctiOn, ami the recob'llitio" of .ircrnft
."d tihipping.
(:\) 80Ih .\rnlJ atld Xn'J' photo intelligence of.
..... .,. atl.ch...ll'nmariIJlo air groups ...l,ere
the" were eoncel1led for 11111 mOi<t part with Birlield
illterllJ'Ctllion. RellOT1S meager Mild hap.
h.znrd. eoordinRtion bel"'"''' air groul'lI WI5 nil,
lini,;on be''''CCn Ihe Ann,- .nd 'sa,'l' .... lack
i IIf!.
(.f) The fall or Saipan m.rketla slight irnpro.-e
me,,1 in JI'lIne<e photo intel1i!!"tlce. for .fler Ih.t
the"" "'u increu"l'd iUle.....". in the I.. king-of photQ.
I!r"l'lI< fot Ih" I'UIp...... of "'Ilteh;n;: AlIil>(1 ship
roncenlrRlionnd A1Iied ....se de,..lopmenl. Tllis
illCf'N$e<1 inle"",1 ..u .ugmenled by Ihe f.ct Ih.t
i" Ihe 'Iller st./-'t'$ of Ih" war, l,holOf,.."phs we",
One of 11ll' few SOIlrc<." of Il"llilllble ;nlellil,.. .. Ill'll
C'OJl<'Cl'tlil1g AIlied 01",...1i(lull.
(5) E'en 'hi_ inc,...,._1 rN.'OgIlition. llO..-e'er.
di.1 not re-"It in al'." nll'id a,!o"tIC\! of PI. AI.
I1I"";:h the J" 1''' "l'Se "hot" I'I""I'S :\t)'rt Rnd Di"ah
j.'ood. Ih"J' "...l't' Iilllite" in IIl1mber anoll rain....1
l,ilofO ,,'erelllcking. Th.. _rpitJ' of PI .."d","or
," Ihis lillie is e,'id"'lCe\1 b.,' Ih.. fllct Ihllt onl,. .f
",wties 'w,.., ,""lit 0""1' S"il'"" 'L1HI on'" 10 ,wer
Oki"....nd t'>ese ..'.. "" "'ajor PI elroris.
(8) Soln.. 20 l,icIure!I ,,.. re ,.ken of Ille l'e.rI
lI"rhor att.ck bJ' port.ble cante/1lS o"er lhe sidf':!
of t0I'J....lo and high Illyel bombcr.s. Useful infoI"
m.1 ion ill Ihe AI""I ians I""ding wu glIined from
aeri.l 1l11oI0 flown Ihe da)'
Ihe IlInding. nnt IhPe tw" e,'ents n:pTe!lellled Ihe
"PI'n''''llt <'hil!h" in ,J"I""Il'se aeriall,holo work.
(i) .\ more. del.ilf<l r'C1'0r{. 0" tI,e J.plllle!!e
1l'1Ol0 'n1elligl'D .. lion. pr'Cl'ared b)' Ihe Pholo
Int .. IIi!.'ence Seetio". G-:?, ussns, ill eoope....lion
"'ith tile J"I"'''I';;/! 1""lli;:"".,,, Se<::tiOll, 0-2, is
llWetH!f<IIO this rellOT1 (E.:hibil I).
6. &ud on T aNd StrllltgK
CONsidera/iOI/I ,,/lid Fro'"
E1Iemy Ope.-atiolls
I. In. Sirid th.. .nd
COII_iden',l IWI.., IU",' enthrllee Rcu",1
.. ,m"(."l!l! (lJ illf"I'IIlal i,,". liowl'I'ur. Ihe)' "'"
01 leUI technHI"" if not .l11111 !lOIlrec;;. llnd;;jOlt
tlle)' "'..no ...i<leIJ' referred to in all di".;;ussions of
illlelJigenell h.l Jallltliesc "fflwn<. 11lel' loo.'<;ome.
1'.1'1 of fbe bt'lllld iute[Jj,l.... t1et> pidll"":
b. An eumple of Ihe use of Ih_ tl'l:hniq\llll
llU.'t'l' I'll'''''''''' (ill 1111' .,I'lllla" <;lllll'
11lIipll hatl "llrime_ ""llOre< from TKOn
From. I->Iioo "II lhe
l'l"'-,l. lJ .. Io.d IlIlIndwd 1'<'('0".
llRi""""N\ >0('8]>1.1\.. whicll Ih..., SeRltlc
hubor .1\(\ .... poT1o!(l no h....... e....n-tlf,,Rr. par.
no C,"s lhere. 30 )1., 1942 a
1,,"nph,>(1 from II
100 mil"" noe111 of 1)111,.(, II"rhol' '!C'"Lll>(]lh", pOl"
nd Tt-I.tOT1...1olllJ a re'" small merchlltl1l1"'n I'res-
l'ITI. 1"."" ..."'_ dsm.J......] ill II.... 10
111.. ..lls .nd Cfll,ld nol m.ke Il !lChedule.:e TreOn
n"i!lAAlIC(' on 3 .Ill"". UlI1eh 11"1'1,01' "'liS
examined bJ' 1)(>1'1""""1101" ,,'i,ll "eg.ei"e ""llOre ""
tlull d.I... 1''''0 01 her <uhm.rinf-O ..... re I",t roninl:
0)1 n Ii"" "",,nh of CoM BIIJ'; til""" m.d.. no
ing-;..\ p"ri"';;"I)(' "",-,o",",i<;<;;,\lWI' of Kodi"k "'"<
IIU-de .boIel Ihe ..nd of M.y ,,ilh. "":-"1;"" "'llOrt.
.\ J;Ubmarine pl Ki..J,; 2;:, )1.)'
11}.I2 .nd ....'lOre 1 no ship!! p......nl. Th.. sllhm.
riuehol'tw plalH'" IIlllinlain,...lrndio durinl!
Ih..ir f1ighl ill, <>ntt.r.l to br""k ...dio .ileD
ollly if th"J chL"l !oJ .\",.,ri<:-an pllll""<. .\ 11
"'llOrt m.,1e h)' the llIol hH subm" '1'1,,
"If Sealtle and the o"e olf ",.ill'
t.iT)(>(1 st.liQll for "",,,e The onlr ""'"lut
rel'0T1eU by fllf' Kodi.k "I,brnnrine ...a,; Ihat of
one inrI-'" lI,ereh"t"'.1l on a date which
Connll8Udl'r Okllmi.\'"a did not n:m"",I,..r."
(4) .\ddilion.1 del.ils 011 Ihe J.I'.IIl_ "f
""bm.,.itleoonle .i",rafl ror ""'COn".issatlcc "'ill
!Ie found in E:<hibit A.
d.
(I) Judl!'-"1 LJ' .\n",rinln "'.Ild."ls. ,he J_p.
USC of urial as. "'-'Ul'C@of in
l"lIib"'"ce in il<; i"fIIIC)' lit eh" ..",I of
"ar. J."ane;Ml .\ITIW 1111.1 X''''I' Otli,,<,1'lI did IIOt
1>lIOIO""I"ral>h;' to be u";ful 01'..... tion.llJ
beJ'OIH! lhe I.etieal 1>haS(>nd
en!lr 1'0 clfon Wh made to phOlof!.... l'hs in
pllnninf! or ."1 icil'alillg Ill'''' otr"'l!li,es. The few
......110 did "",liu tile llOSoibililles of Ilhoio.
JtTaIHlIC mel ..-;,h onh' 0111.11 S'1<.'CNlf!S
i" tlleir to coII"in.,..
-f:!) AIIOl!elller a total of 18 Artily oW...,el'l!, of
..-boDI 6 .....re ron,Hkn....1 rorop"e"t. "ere trained
:in 1'1 thniqne.. ; .nd onlr :JO-tS 'sU)' 016cl't"i
a""ign...1 1'[ dUlie... Emphasis in
tnlJlltlig wu "llOlllhe idclltif""llfiOlI of .ir.
field in...<taltationnd defcll!lr!;.lhe !;Iud)' of AlIico:l
R'ESTRiCTEO
RESnlCTID
began, "we got 8 grl'Rt lllun!.oer <:If documenu fro,"
l,l"nell RhOI down:'
of I"ate-
ri.l ...hich llit ,,,ihIU}' dtort.-! from e.p-
11Irtd documellh is CQntainoo in uhibit A.
JAP lNrtL
r.
f1o....n by thll X""y, IS ...ell u. PRM
H-l1D And B-l1E a/l(la If . . FltA, P80,
testftowu b, Ihe \ J"ch ....'"
testl!o...n it '"," Fe) Iaken .lId
. . al nlllllY 011
where 'hey had " len;
to Japan for lunhet ' fll... b!olnc eent
I J. l"jorm41/iQ" Fro", G-

a. Although Gennany ...... "'nilne
',"Pain. tIl<! ,,"-'<)g... phic.l.nd physical
o t Ie two theaWlll of ...... !esse re,1Co!ll
i", ... tlrb'tUCC recei ..ed b,' Ih u
lled
Ihe ,.!u", of
Paeific n.e e_. I. rnemblor III the
: tactICal from Euro
to Jal'an,.., mili'.rJ l<!loderll PC;
httle use fot P.eific pl.nnin So , ...u 0
"'.s obt.ined Ihro!'l
h
h \) '-- . g I vn-nllny ().:o:.
I It, , ....ltll ...
b. One III.jor Ilo e'u, .", inth",
field of oolllmumCRIIOr\8 imelli llcc TI X '
., ,. . " 16 r)'8
Spl'CI. n,.o mtdli'!euce !lectirn, ._ ,.
Cun _v" 1JI tu
u".nder Oz" .- n""mb!ot of th.t tlN:lion, re-
10. Terb"k.J
ft. A rich !!OUIn! pf informMion "'hidl ....1I ex
Alli''ll f"tt't'll with lal.... o..,::uniZRtioIlB
of t .... iuctl lind I]""litil...1 1"'rl!OlIlIel, the fidtl or
ll'ChnH:-a1 iUlelligt'-,..,... ".s 1... neglt'!d by the
..\\though tlte.. "'ere 1101 unmindful of
ils .... Ine, RI1 ..a"iZlltiorl lind "tfort
I hal of the AliiI.'!! is uot 10 b... found in tlte JaIIRUe5e
"'ilit.......
b. "!lie inre:.li;alion of the t!:'Chnieal intelli
!-"'nce field roO' this "'I",n ....s limiled 10 the char.
litter. orgR"i1.ll.t;,,". RlIIl8("()I'" of the ,1"I'"n...se ef
fon in the fil'ld of .,'i.lion; otlwr "'IIeC(;j ,,... nil
tloe subject of in,e;;til,... b..' the .\ir Tl'oChnicll.1
hltl'Jlib"'llCe Gro"I).nd by S".. ;\rlll6ion
J '<]'" n.
c. The AI'm}""" .. frOlt WU' centered ill Ait Gen
eral IIe."kl".ners. TQkro, .lId tlireclctl by. li...n
te"."1 colonel. .\!'tual "'as done at
Taehikaw.. Written reports On Allied .. itttaft
from "ariOIlR SOUI"C('S "hroad (Germauy,
Al!il'(lll'oChniealmagnillf$. ,""c.) "'ere digel;ted.t
T<>Ir)'oand pa.s!le<;l on to Taehik..... Cnsh intelli
j..",nce "'as perfonue<:l b.' t!:'Clmkal officei'll aSlli,/!"lle<l
dO\\'11 to lIi,-isi"" len']: reliults or field exam;n.
tions "'ere!lent to Tokru he.dqu.rtel'll ill wtiting.
and fqnipnlellt fO\JIld ...u fo...... n1e<:! only ... hlen
""llll'$lfd.
d. The)\ a orl,.'R uiznt ion likewise eeute.....1
in :'>'",',,1 Air 1I....t"'uart ...n, TQkJo, and Ihe actual
..ork e:lM'ieoll Ollt b.. the First S ....I .\it Tl'oChnica1
.\roell.l.t Yok""uk.....hlere t!:'Chnic..1
W:lR" dill)' rOI' thol;(l ....O(I in dtl\'elop-
illg .irc... rt. Lole in Ihe WBt, howerer,
. _.11 unit Qf 3 oII'lt'el"S .nd 12 to H men .....
n ... te<:1 for teelmical of AUie<l.ir
emfl. The lIl"de iIi! OWt; in\"O!ilt;galion lIf
pIa lit'll w'hich c.... she<:l in 110... Homeland. but urep!
for oue IIli.ltii"n 10 Bunna /!ath' in Ibt
"'0'. relie<:l on Ihe ",port" of lhe Anny f;r infllC'
lIl"tion Otl plRIlc;l capture<:l or found elsewh........
.... Durill/! thll COllrfie of thll w.r
l
the JapfonllS!
captured. !'-WE alld "n A-20A, ..-hklt ...ere tl'>l'
JAP INTEL
r/osnn... l$ of rep..-nt"lin'lIabfOAtI,.t lellst prior
10 th,' war, MOI'eU.er. duri,,/! Ihe dlRI).
"'er'e th... Ilrineil'.1 IIll!atl$ of obtainin/! U. S,
anti othet (pa .../;raph 4.
.bo,e) ...hkh ,,'ere in Ihem... ln!s bighly regRrded
all ullItel"iul.
"
RfSTRJCTD
8. p,.;Jo'ler 011(/... l"tnrog"J;QII
.. war "'riminal in Jal""
""N'e Ill'nding M the 111.. s"n"e, "'u "'ade. It
nol thaI hil!h ,1"p8'''''''' .\I1l'Y 811'\
...l ollil't'r.!. "-ho ...e.... inu'rr..;.. .... as 10 their
of j"fonnalioo obtain...) from I,nsollel'i' of
....1'. dl..."OOunled the .... hle of such ",al<'ri.l. In
OOnlnl,,1, nlRnr or ",,1118bl.. inforn'Kllo"
oI>I.in....1 from ..., ,,]10...1\ ;n d.".il. ltnd
the allad..d 10 Ihi,
..nh!iOOlf' blIC'4-rolmd On techniqll"" is made
cleRr in uhibit .\. Th" ualllp]e;l in the uhibil
Rlw make it ",-idI'1I1 that Illt' imports""" g;"""
!'ri8Ol,f'I'lI the Japtln_ ...,.,. nOl ";lh<MJt juSt il;.
nllioo .nd tb.t 110; _In! pro..ided l.tgI' .nd
,.. .m<)llllt Qr infonnal;Qn.
9. From AUluhis ..d
...\nny and .nd &$osanu.
II.lI "'ell &Jj dil,lOOlatic "'l're*JlIatj,'e1 .bl'Qlld ae
credited to the Jap.neS<! Office. are lumped
hoe", u a part Qr illlelli"",,\Ce 1';eW.....
u far as Ihe ...' "-&$ O<JI'Io('emed. the
Mresideotlt $rsteffl oco:upi@d au impor1
ani nieh.... alb...it of u...ghgible "al"", during
...ar (pa.rt VI).
b. coope"'lion loet ........n diplomatic
rep.-nt.tit....Ild Illilil.r,. .Itadlfti ..as not hipl.
IlttQnling IQ or famili.,. ,,-ith
both catCb'Qr;tS. Tlte .sel';ce I'ersolllid
j ... i<MJJI of Iheir in lloe mililal'}' ill for
nlatioo Mid. :\Ir. for m."y :<eal'8. 101' noern
bu of tbe Foreign S11J!:l-!""t" Ihat tl .. 10'"
""tate of int... llil"'tK1l ill ,1"1'"11 W"$ "due l.rb'CIJ I"
Ihe suspicion or .\nu..' alld .... U.eMil of the
diplOllwi.e agents abroad.- ou Ihe OI-Ite'r h.lId.
Comnl.nder Miyauki of lhe- S....I ... I Stalf
"at plans depUlment. OOUIll,,", wilh the !late
ment Ih.t ",ports rrom Ihe Foreign Offit...
u!!elesti in Ofll'ntion.1 I".nnill/!"- anti
-h.d no mililal)' ... hoe ..
c. .'iot"';thst"ndin this intnfamil, hiatus, it
elut IhAt eon.ide.... bJ'" illtelJil-'tnrt or mili.
!.ary r.hoen.me to Imperi.1 through
lAP INTEL
RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED
to the area oo'ltolmed. n.gular AI'IQ1 olIll:w 'leW
01' bet hrto ol'j,...nill8 and l"CIllDIaJKl a: 950
III the field. In ""me ,_ ," .,-" A _
1 ,. . ' na1 __
an, Im."enal clnh.n appointeell who had ._
up ramlly, lI.me .n<1 idenlity for the II
.l...ng wilh Ihe:;SO e!llllmander to hill7='. w:
6elll. once tlwre loe wos free to 1M
(If IllS from the Japanl'tll! .nd
natn'e population in lhe area and to 0'''' I.e
helln"'61. 'r-
n
..
J3) "ketcbed. lhe lICOpe of Tokumu
K,kan III lhe <:<.>wred e5l'ionage and intelJj.
prol>l1g&.nd.B: .nd liaison with .ud wper.
, 'Oil of the pro"l_1Gna,1 01' puppet go,'ernment in
Arca coIIC'trnro. F,fth dUli"ll inyoh.
;ng al,,1 niuei.
lent.h.....e':" a pari of 110e ..\nn\ officers
f"""har" Ith S:-:O "ork in.Lot thaI iutelli_
was ll<lt. a ",ajor dUlY, Although it "as in-
thaI $Ollie "I,ould reach the ba,,<.1Jl; of th"
::ISO alld be IIB""",l almlg: lith.... >O\ll"t'e!i lend
eredelll.,,'O Ihis "'-"lement except in doe cue of the
Kw"nulllg .\rmy". Tok"",u Kikan. "'hi,h Will a
",aJ01' 1lO1Il'\>e of nil fOrl'l! of about
Itll",ia.
(4) Inn."lnuchuit isin'l""""ibl.... we:<a''''''e.lw
One .\nny Tokumll Kihn arid 1.bel il as n-plc.i.
those Oil "'h;eh delailed infonnalion is
will be outlilled Mre ,,'ith I'lllph.a:;i! on Iheir r<!la
tionship 10 OIM!l1lt;onal iut!lil:""""-
11. K!C<JnrlJ"9 .lrmy.-1M BtnYlcr l'<ltroJ
(I) of O(leralioll.l in-
l'"r(ortlll'(1 b,l the Tokulllu Kihn "as its
work "'ith lhe KW,"llltIg _\mlJ". Til""', on the
1", ler of a nalion ....ith "'hon' .n 1"'''''
I "t.\" uisled. Tok"mu Kikan .... """'I
of ils nonn.l dlll'e,; of military ..... to
bctome the pr'neip"l '1l1eHig<>nce nllil for lhe
al,,1 ...1 it" name as well, a,.;;umillj;
.l.><><lllhree y""", t;11e of Jobobu (,mel
lige'lC'C depal'lmem).
(2) otlicf:....nd n",,,,,,,,,"I\'"'5;on..1 m""
and trIO ei.-ilian>, in ,... nt",1 otlil... al lInrbi".
phI> :l', "ili",,,,, n'hl a"tI -0 ci, il i,,"._ '" I:!
I1rallvh ,,1Iiee<. had lh" ,..me "PInel..." ,.,.lnl
with (t..".",llt"",I'I"nrle"" in Tok.,olll ,").
el1l1'r T"km"u Kikan :(il1(,! k"",,' ,,.,.,.Ih".....
bill "eith"r '"I... "or work",1 ,,-nh Iheir Or

f31 Th" 1.i"..'z.f.i,.,. p"litr 10wa"llhe i$
a, SllldclltS, 01' e"'1110.\".'\1 of com"'e . I fi
"t('<1 0" 1'1' tl 'J /"Cia 'n"S"'I",r.
, "' . ,e, "pHlle&; '0""
Jurlllg' 'e WH1' th" S80 <mmrn1.
0111)" in ,\sin ,,'ull ti;.., the slIrfJl<:e
defined. re III Ihe roles
d..." l'<lI'U,.!1l ""'OIl"I....f mrsterr enshroaded
Spe<:;l,,1 Sel'l ,c.. 01'g"mzlIli...n5. .,', the
k ,"," J \060;: "'ho dared
spell l.ltI "1''''', ...ri''lhefielll f 1
did $0 "L lhu I'isk of HrresL .\ . on 'attnHtler,
ne,.er "sked Tokul11u K"k""""' . nn)'
.. o1'all)'lhlngll. I
but asked the areR al'lllV for f . I .eet y,
urea al'II'" weul. t T k' or'nBllOll; If the
. 0 umu Klkall Toki(l he d
'1""'1el"5 look<.'(1 theot!>cr Wal' .,",.' . a -
"' , ' HS altItude "'as
to I '" extf"l Ihut fe'" knell'" "' "
11 ., '10 {(elltn)" of
,ose e"gnb.. III I ok"",,, Kikan 1 t'. S
'['"ken AI>lki a J ' 11 lC;<. R)'S
.! lllltil'Sll "ilh "
lH"ofes.wd n'l"na('r II ilh lhe SSO ,,", k
"/\" H"'.i"'...
j 1'000,.,1$ wern kept: it was th" rule to pass
,," tlte ".",,," of lh""" sec'."l 10 one's ,IIC.
bllt, of l'('UI" .... Ibis W", """,,,,il11es u"i,_
It'''l ,0".lIr 0,. intelll;onnlh' f"",rotte
n
'J'" d'
" " ' . . ... 1113100 e
lL I'a "'1" ,hflicult fot' thf 11K''' to to"ti""e"
e. The '1uil",le t",,'al'<I lhe SSO ';'as far
lh"" thnl of tIll' .\1'111)". ThQ!lll in the
G"ne,',,1 St"IT "nd in olh"" ker Jlositions ...1><.. WeN!
'1"Ciit 1.0"etl "00111, TuklllllLl llil r.dl iLited <:om
orS1"died s"rprioeaOoul the whole
moHer, . is e,idence, howel'er, thnt a
eXI,;;led III 'Hl'i ...us (orms-resident
Wireless Illtellige"l-e. ete-----t.lll nOl on the 600fIIl of
I A ori!'",izat ion, There is a lXlSiibiEly it
ex,sted III Ihe 0" " wide SCa!li prior to the
"""', bllt "fl"" Pe"d Uarbol' it II'""" minor <:on
sidel'Mioll,
JAP INTEL
3. The Army SSO
a. LiailJon, Incident" InlclligNU16
(1) Ol'g,wi.,nlion Htld ncli,itie. of Ihe Toku",,,
Kikan in the Japanese .-\rm., "aried 10
the ,,"en in which it waS w(lrking. Thecharacter
of its Olle,"t ions "eeording to the character
of ita commanding ollie"'''' Oftfn the Tolrurnu
Kikll" might not lJp",. Ihal exacl IiI Ie: su,,,eliIlH'lI
it kilo"",, .i",pl\ "s Kik"n b)" thf
'''Ulle of the arell in it, epfrnted or the n.",e
of the m"l1 i" conu"and, and ilOmetimllS as nell .
rakll BII (li"ison deparlment) or some himilar in
nocuous nomenclature.
(2) nut it clear there <Va! nO dil'l'tt ron
trol nt T(lk)"o high <:(InnMnd le"cl eXc<'pl \(I :leud
iug t" Hc,'" .\<I",i,""l T"",iok"l it, w",' olli-
("'r. lh""l!hl lh,' Alli,'s 1",,1 "",nn" liflh ,'"lu",,,isl"
",' ,." Oki"aw" I"'i"r '" <l1I1'l"ndinl-'8 the,,';
"w,' e""lIht I", "bllt we WeI'"
1",1 "h\l' 10 d('lenninc C<'lldu"iwl,. tllntthe.'" wei""
.'"<l1l1' "gents.' A""t\wl' Gell,'I'al St"ff
COHlull"ul.... l",,,i. Hl"mOCI' of th.: i,th _'Iin" of
lhe illtl'lligcllce that "in
lheOl'Y. tIlt' r. 1;. nwl\",d (g"crillas, ctc.) ill the
Philippi"e" is the i,I",\l" n"'lh()(l of obtaining in
tcHi;.."",,,,,e,
f. II is Ihe P'"'l>Ore here 10 "... "mine tl",>'e 00
call('<l "Spec;"l Oq!.II,il,nlinns" ,,,,d rt:lnted
illlellij......lIl "cti,'iti"" ill II." light or thei,' contr;
butio{l to ",ilit",..\" "lD'I'aliolllll inu\lij,,,,n,.... In-
,'cst ig"l iOlls of" "'''''' del" i1,,1 n"l II rll h"'"" or
","" bo.ing "",,,I,,cled ill lhe.hl'"nese tl"-"t",, hy the
C""ntH.lnlellil,,,'nl'(> Sloetion. S"l"""'" Co",-
""",,1,,,. of .\llivd Fon",,! ill the l':tcitic, "nd by
"thel' illlel'f'-ll'(l "ge"eies.
2. 7'Qklll/1t1 Kika/l "lid 7'okllmll Btl
n. The "etil'ilies of tl", J"P""l>Sll .\"'''ys To
k""," Kik,,"-a,,01 its n'IXlI'll'(l Nal'.I' jui"aletll,
TokllHlll nll-wel'C "" tll'xible n.' Ihe tille i"",lf:
Sp.'Cinl So'!'\'ice Orl!""il,,,ti"ll ,,,. Dep",t,,,ent. hi
IIsal,"', tl,.. lenUS stand f",' ''''.I' "rg,,,,il,,,tion thaI
is ('",.rying ol,L speei"l work for the militn")' lIelI
ices wi,hoOlI nclll"ll)' bei"!;:,, formal 1'arL of the
",ilital'r f,.,.Iflework: this sped"l work "'''.I' bt
",ilit"r.\" l!o,'el'lllllelH o,.liaioon dllties, "",1 intelli.
g.'nce ",ar he " fllll-li",e mis;;ion ",. " collateral
,!!SUe.
b, p,.ior 1o tll" l'eal"l Had",, n"ack. thu SOO
w"s lhe '.IIplel"e fo,. a\\ I'ollg-r",,),,/,
inlelli:,renee of II,,, Jal",nese j..'O,'enl
me"t," a"conlinl! to " sp,'Ci,tl ,.ep.!r! nf tIll! ehie
J
.-.r ('o""h'I_ln!ellil!.. GI-lQ. ,\l,'PAC, is''llr<!
This l'<'I'OI'I,,,lsoeredits IheSSO i
Wilh beiHg the ,,"deus fo,. ,t widll network of I
age"ts thl"QlIghout the wodd in the period ffOll'
Ill;!. to :
c. Thel" i$ no ot her IlI'idelll"', howe"el', to con'
"l'Cl. Ihe SSO with 10ng-I'''''!'''Il Qr with
the ab,,",l!1s under lhe b'l.lise 01
lIssiSlR"ts or clerks ill eonsuh,tes and elllbusit>
VI. SPECIAL SERVICE ORGANIZAnONS
I. t,,'rpdllrt;oll
a. lk-yll1ld Ihe "'''I''' a",l n'''l''IJl of .J,'l''''''''''''
A"",." ,,,1\1 "lWI'"lion"l iutdli/!Plll'<', which
has lhe fncal I",i"t .-.f Ihi. "X
i.t('<1 an inl,.icate "nd ,;(>In"wl,," f"lmlous sy.telll
of int .. ... cmbncillll "01 0111.,' lhe ",ilil''''.'
bUl "Iso Ihe polilic"l. COllIUWI..,i"L ,,,1<1 c1Ill",'''\
"spe<:ls of e--pioll"fi'e "lid ... "",lcr-c,pion"ge.
b. The "l'I'","('1ll O\1'lIa"izali01l w;thi"
,.I.stem ""as th"t c1nakel1 in lhe a,nbign"1IS tillil of
&""ire 0"I-'llni1,alivns"-lhe T"k"'ll\l
Kikan, paI1n",. in A,..,,, .hlll)" illte\'
fUllctions: and the Kaiglln Toknlll1l B".
th" C01lo1e"-p,,,"1 II-hi.. h '''IXlIt('(ll.'" llJ<i,ll'(l SOU"
,.oc-e in tlle :-<"n' "mL fl'<>I" an "I'id,'nee. dimin
i.I .....1 in illlp",t';"c" ufte,. the wal' hlg",,. 0""
pa,."nd "",1 ""u""in1l''' l""nitling h"sis under
.\1111,1" p"I..,1I1h..."d. Ihe K"",pei 1'ai waS Ihe J"p-
a'w-e G".I,,1'0 wh""" "S IIIilit",.y polite ,.all
I he lIan"ll fr...m discipli"e 10 sp.\"i"g.
c. The;;<: ol'l!a"il,,,' ions We,'<l ""nfined. d",.illl!
th" '" Ihe Asiati(' ll",atet of ope"8Iions: th"
Spl'Ci,,1 Sen'ice wel'e ill
.\1"nfllll,.iH. Chin". BIIIm". nnd the Philippine,;,
",,,I the Kempei in the lIomeland and the
""II Ie wn'..... Th"ir e"l\I,i\.t"livlI to ",ilit"r.'" 01"
erali'>lIal in'elligent'" with I"'ganl Ie the uniled
St"le. wa. negali,'" fado,..
d. Fal' mOre nebnlous lhll "I'eSi-
d,,"ts abroad" in (lfilei"l ",.
wilh 01' withoUI p<.lrl folio. who eOllll'ilJlIl"d nO liL-
tIe weight to the lheo".'" lhm ele".' J"I",nese
an al!etH of Ihe F",..,igll Olliee. Sud,
a is noe of coUr>('. lta_l on fllm"s)". Thll
phil<""-'l'h., of inlelligence is S\leh thul
the utlde....O\'el liChoo\ was m"re highly reganled
Ih"" Ihe opel"Ali"""l melhods "s we IIndersland
Ihem. There "-ere And I'roJap"ne511
._ymp"lhizcI'8 of olll.... mee;< ...ho lIdded c,.etle"te
t ... this philosoph.\".
<!-. Becallse of Ihi$ f""ling. il is noLst,allg.1IJ'HL
mlle J"panese militar.' leaders, i" rt..-:ogni1,illg
Ihe of ,\meriu" mililal1' intelligence,
Allribuled to mdho<ls lher Ihem
""Ivell The Kal')" GfnerRl Staff, accord.
RES'fRICTED
"
USTIlICTED
_ntM in "'1>011. on Tolmmu Kikan i!ll'wd by
IhllJ.p.n_War llonioolrr .llhe I"!quetof SC.\ l'
.nd b, ATIS. or orden i.\lllied Ule
Kw.ntung S50 illlaYll:
"Although 0...", ,,u.n orller from Gnnd
Ill'ri.a1 Iltadqu.tten to K.... nlllllj( .\mIY re-
lltrK-t obetrTation of dill RuSlIo-Jap.ne!!e
Seulnilly "ad, the nature of lhe ordtr l)r_ntM
to Ihe Intelt'I."l'IICfl lIurt"" (llie: Tokm,,,, Kika"
Or .Iollobu) by thll Kwantu,,/.: Ar",y ill unterlain.
Ilo...e'"r. il illl're!U'r>e<1 1.1'.1 lhe K...nlunl; A.rnIY
.ll!O""eUll! .bu,"" onlen 10 the Inl"lIiS"'.- Se"
;""I)u.-n."
(4) 11,., Ihl! TokunlU Kika" in K....ntung .....
in f>let llH! of the Kwan.
Annr. U@I.ted"yLieulenant Colollel ,\.J!ai,
GHQ 1It.1I" intelligt'11Ce 08br f.mili.r ... ilh ill
...ork, ill by no IMaflll hud to undf,t!I.nd. Long
before Pelrl H.rbor, the J.p.nese ,\ m,y oonctpt
"f .dion "'u war with R"lIlIia; Ar."y intelligence
&cli,'itiell were OOIl<Jenl"lIe<;1 toward lhat concept,
.nd. illO:l'N5ed I'lIU.ertJ,.n c1iminialJed .fter hOlll.i1i.
tirlt began in tI.el'.dfic:.
(:i) In ita K.... "tung role. lhe Tokumu Kika"
furnished Army Genel'lllll""Oquartel'll ...ith. eon
tinuoUll flow or j"f"rll,atiou "u order of hmtl<!j
l<lrenl.,,-h, lind dillllOfil iOIl of Soviet fol'l:'efl, .nd in
lellipnor 00 num.' intt:rn.1 mlu.tion. TIlll flow
.as not ..i. lIited d1allMlL Printed reporU _re
IlUIde by Ihe K...."lung Am,,. u" lhe balIil of
Tokumu Kibn iu,est.igntion, .1 ...eekly .nd
UlOtllhly inte...I! (jURt prior to OOlnlllcle break.
down of rel.liOllR wilh nu.-i., Ihe ...eekly report
..... -,"ppl.ntl!d by a lo-day report.). Other BpOC.
reporte of lIignificance were Ment b,. radio from
K.... ntung Army Headqu.rten, eilheron the buill
of inform.timl g.thered indcpcndently hy the
Tokwnu Kika". or ill I'll6IIOIl!lll to rcque6ll from
AmlY Gent'...1 l1eatMlu.rtet't; 6Ut:h ...ere
noc. .dd_1 to llll! Tokumu Kika". but 10 tllll
Arm,.. .
(I) Soun:el of infonn.tion by the
Kw.nlunA" SSO wcre (a) t'l'joruWe, "'hieh gradu.
.Ily bo!eame rnt.rictlld .111>0"1 totall, to the M.n.
"bumo Bide of tllll border; fb) from
bigh poinh .Iong till! eo''''ellif:ntly I_led bordt:r
railroad.nd .Iongthe h.rbord08ll to \'I.dion6!ok
lllM'h ol.r'Blions, Licutenant Colonel
Asai, "'el'll oollsiderOO "dlkien' ou ,,I,ieh
to form. judgment u to IlUllli.n intention*"; (e)
-"'lI,ha.."..--t,ndwrt"-lIIIm' " Lilli
''''1_,".'1':0'. fJrlfln'ut"....,.., .....
rl"'",.14 "''''.''....1 II,. """', ."" .ft ......
'''I J'l'lt_ .It"f,r,. ''''-I _ilb ..
un}'t tlln"'W' T"l<u,",u K,h".
1'1 no ...I_.......1 _ <>f",
"'mlnl""".., f,f '1'"",,,,,,,, Kd.." in " ,"" It> J.
0J....1"'''.1 ".'.Ihlt""l.... r.u I"p ",..tp on .::
I..... Hf """nn.I,,,Ol fn_ thp J.
",-. II ,...If HlI"hl Ih.t tllP ",..,tril"";,,,, .:
-OI1h.-I"Io-. An ' ... ...,1.1, .. lrDI. boW
....er ''''1'1'''' (1",_ Q ........"*,,,11' I<> _. i
n.lI'","" ' "
........, ..."') b.rT''''umu K,kan ...ould
1,..,1' Intlp In",I.oI. no findUllotout hal ..... in
"f .J'" .nd ..,... Th
li:uod _. f'''lloe .1111"'1. '" I!oe ,\rm, I
""a' 100,." w"h .... iJI ,JIhp,. -.
10 ,Ill' TulIA"ul K,ru.. di,..,J.. f ,nf_l"",
OOl tIll"f<!_ O... l"OIIl....nd'"l! of
W II Rfroo" tntrll,lIt'lire IOOUn:a ....ilahle to
hun.
. d. Tit; Lia"",. /"1'1..0-..1.........
,-
(Il l.litt.ailo of ,be '1'........ K,ru..
to fade ,n t.Ioe " them""_ of doani.
0'1101'.
l2) I" Huntl. "'" ,\nny Toku"," K,lun .
.lIy '1 __ ..
kDoWII .. the Ka.....ilDa y_. -.imeI ..
l,[,n..." K,.Iun .... Ki.lun Kwn. 1lw I.tter
"Jenulied ... "b tboo J.lla_ :s...,.
..'ere tlunoel'l>Wl otl..... K,.Iu". tm!leJl.ia/oed
.nb if"t'lC"IIl'hi<1ol 11..._ or the III,.... of their
..-
lal1MJ......... W llll,,<C.....
llared for SC.\I' 1t a<1mUf'o IInde.. Ooe
head of "000.. 1.._ "rnntUuun in tI I'ro..;.
Indf"IIPrnlJ.nt I ndi." Govtmllltl\t,R ith .,,,
pronm.l..l... 80 ol'lio<er-o.nd <:I h."" bad",&: lip
Illf' ' l-"qu.n """_ tht I brandt ,,",.
'"iii In 31&1.0 Tba,laM. a"d /0...1,.
_ere uhcll.Ud i" 0 J.,,,
._lIjrol'll"....horh ......med hPadqlUlr1e illt.l.
h,.'I!,ltlI' """"on of 4 .Ild I f,vili.Mo)
(4) ,\1 IN", :, K,k......... tdPn,jliNl in .Ioe
lIunna. or;' 11wm. arN I,), Soutll Am
Comma...1.nd Ind.. C_1Id '" 'b In.
It!l,FO""'" SOOm....ry' :Sf), IN of' '\1'"1 1m.1.
111""1:11 'I "'"""'''' I__,b" Ih_ roul<! bt
of. ""'''Iral orgatl;utjon.
..
lAP INTEL
lAP INrEL
$plllrN H_Q/\ ,pia (100 ..-ere taken in 1941,
foru.mpll!), of ...hom it"ptlI-
lIible to __ tllll llituBlion of thl! Sonet ,\no,.
prelly denrly"; (d)
caplKNd dOuunOC,II" Kl hell(llluRI'l.CI'lI.
(7) Sel('t:lioll of llf:fjOnnel to Ilf:rform lhllllt
dllti.., ilUlOf.f u the military ...ere llOfICllroed, ....
from oftkel'll from the Acadf,my or from
IhOlll! in th" KW.lIt"ng ,\rmy wilh It hill"h
of Bud a knowledge of Soviet .IFHit&.
Training ......1 Shinkio, htAd1lu.rt"l'll of lhe
K...ntulIg Am,,.. UnifortJlll for milit.ry Ill'r.
IIOQllel _re optio".I, df,lll'lIding 011 thl! job of the
momeut; civilimn .1,'llll'i1 neo'er "ore them.
(8) lkilpite lil.'OI"', lhe intdligenCll
from thil organiT.Dlioll WS8 "noL neRrly SIlLillfae-
tory," if Lieuten.nt Colo",,1 Asai'lI Ol,inion "an Le
t.kfOll for thai of Army Gene...1 "l!tIdqu.rtera,
...here he .peci.lized in So..iet inlelligt'noe. For
record, he offcred as .n llIIlimate ba5eo:l on
reportll of lhe K ,,".. utuug SSO: That lhe Soviel
"'ould 1.'0 to w.r J.l'nn ill lhe e.dy part
of No'en,!.ler 11)411, based on de"el0JllD""ta .t the
1'00l1d.1tl oooference .nd 00 mo'"f'.nenu Ilnd dill
I_it ion of Sovif't lroolll .Ioll,!!: tI'e border; th.t
the blow ,,"ould come nonh of VIBllivoe!ok, alld
thol the &wiel hod ",80(1 a;rcrl'fL ready for UllI!
gainllt J.p.n.
e. eM... : (lour_etlIIIM fJ4fomuJiw..
(I) 1'hll role of Tokumu Kikan ... ithin CJlina
proller can he divided into Ihl'll'l pluUll'llI. Al lhe
outlle.l, wheu 110 JOpHll6llO fOnl('ij "'erll prcl;6nt U.
<Jept IhOlle On garriJiOn duty, ita dutiCll "-ere pri
m.ril,. thOle of eolle<:ting ;ntellige.rIC<I! througb
...b.tenr KUl!e ...u _r)'. After the "Chi...
i'lO:ident" in 1937, the SOO in Chin.. "'''l!ebarr<J.
tf) '10016 Ihe Wor Ministry, "with the ,ul>enillion.
id, aud I,twinl of the fll'lll"(! l)I"l.'lIen'lltion org.m
(.lId) .irllult.nooUJily ...ilh lhe oollec-
tion of matt:ri.1s.- In 112. under 1M
"Buie Policies '1'0.... ,,1 Chin." direeli"1! of ",JI
ltdminilltntion (i. fO.I)UPlllll goo'enllrlcnL), theSSO
IlO"'ed ouL of the picture Tokulrlu Kikan,onl,
to ",'Clller as Ikn... kubu (Ii. ilIOn dellllrtment).
HutTokumu Kikan rem.ined the beliI..kno..-n litlt.
(2) On the buill of ...il.ble infontlliion. it
would be i.ullOe8ibie to eetim.te the numbf'r of 11116
lary and in SSG ...ork in Chiru.
It functioned, all eleewhere wilhout e.)tllrol ftolll
Tokyo but under lhe oollt.:ol of the Area .o\r'IlI1,
..
lUSTRJCTED
IlESTkICTEO
lICCP.nted in ,( report 011 Toknmu Kikan iSllued by
theJapanese WilT :\11111_11')' IItlhe request of SC.\ P
Iud tnIl$latl'd b)' .\TIS. Of orders issued the
K...mung SSO it SI.)1I:
"Although lMnl 1I"a;; an order from Gnnd 11,0-
Headqulntn to t1.. K....ntuIIg .\mlY re-
jtllnling suicI obser..ation of tht. Russo-J.pan_
Neutrnlity Pad. the nature of the order l)re;;enled
1<) the Durell" (sic: Toku"'u KikRfl
or J(lhobu) D)' the KWllntllng Arm)' i8 uncertain.
llo""E'n'r. it is pre;uml'(1 thaI Ihe K'... lltung Ann}"
al'Ol gnt thfo .bo,'f! orders to the I llttlligt'1lCf! Sen'-
8u,,"u,"
(f) Thl.' the Tokllmu Kikan in K....nlung as
in fact the intelli.!-'I':na- orpniulion of the K an
lnll!! .. as stated b) Lieute11l1111 Colonel Asai,
n GHQ SIIIII' intelligence olliCf!r familiar wilh its
work. is b, no 11Iel1ns hard 10 understand. Long
bi!fore Pearl Haroor. the Jipanellll Anny eoneept
of.ction 'lfu .... r 'lfilh RU!:l'>;.: Ann,. imelligenee
...,ti..ities roneelltnlled to.... rd lhal ooroo:ept,
.nd incrnsed nther thn dimini.llhed dter ho&tili
tife begsn in the Pacific.
(5) In its Kw"ntung role, the Tokul1\u Kiknn
fm'nished Anny Genel'll.l UeftdqllRl1el'li with II. eon'
tinu(ms flo,,' uf inforlll".ion Oil orller of l... ule,
Olrength. and disJlO'Sition of So"iet fol'C'e8, and in
lelligence on Russi,,'s inle",,,l sllu"tion. The fto'lf
...... not ria direct channels. Printed repom
m"de b,. the K...ll.I1tung AmlY on lhe !luis of
Tokumu Kihn imestigation. al "'eekly and
monthly imen'als (just prior to oomplete break-
down of relntiOlls with UIlS!!ia, Ihe weekI.\" report
...Ilt supplanted by a n:port). Olher 9pOl.
reports of were lienl. by radio from
K....ntung HeoodqllJlMers, either on the bub
of infonnuion pthered independently by tbe
Tolrumu Kikan. or in rt:SJlOIl.-<e 10 requegs fronl
AmlJ' G<:onenl Heoodqull'tel'li; weh reque;;u ...ere
addJl.'8!le(I to the ToklllllU Kik"n, but to the
Army.
(6) Sollreelll of inform.lion uIilized by the
K....ntung SSO "'ere (.) upiolUl9t, ... hit:h gradu.
.lly I'tiit.rieted .Imost tollllh' 10 lbe M. n.
churian side of the bonier: (b) ooH""IIJWJII from
high points .Iong the COl"'eniently lotllied border
nill"Oll.d .nd .Iongthe h.rbordoee 10 \'ladi"OIiIOk:
such observ"tiolls, 8ccording 10 I..ieutenant Colonel
,URi, "'elll "often eon.llidered $ufficieul. On which
10 fonn. judgment Ill. to Hllsl;;.n ;nlerltionll" i (c)
IUSTRJCTID
..
JAP 1HnL
.pie. (100 were taken in 1941,
for example), inlerr<l/:"I ion of whom made it "poa..
&ible to 8_ the 8itllnl;on of the So,'iet Anny
pretty (d) lIoIcI
coptv.red ii_,Ull" at headquarte"-
(7") Selection of per;,(l{lnel to perlonn these
dUlie&, insofar as the mililary ...ere concerned,"'as
from JOlin!:' officers from the Ac.demy or from
those in the Kwanlilng AI111}' with n high degroe
"f intelligi'nce and a knowledgtl of So,"iet nffaira
'l'l1Iining was at Shinkio, hendquartertl or the
K,..anlull/: I,;niformll for militar}" per.
sonne! 'lfere 0l)l.ional, depending on the job of tbe
ci"i!ian agenlJ! ne.-er ,,'ore them.
(8) Despile ils the intelligence reeei"t<\
flVIll thiii 0'1.'1l"i7.lll;01l was "not nearly 8lIti.l!fae-
101'.\"," if Lieutenant Colonel A8a;'8 opinion eall lJe
I8ken for that of ArlH)' Gen<;ml Hendquart<;rs,
... here he 511ecialized ill So,'iet intelligenc:e. For
Ihe he offered this as all esl.imate based on
reports of Ihe K'lfantung SSO: That lhe Soviet
would go 10 war againM. JaJ-n in Ihe early part
of Sovember 19-15, ba.lled on de"eloplIleIlUl at the
Potsdam conference Bnd on movements and dis
])osirion of So"iet troops along th.. border; that
the blow would come north of VladivO!ltok, am!
Ih.1 the So"iel had 5,800 .irt:nft ready for use
gainst Jallan.
c. eM...: Goret'llmellt IUld IlIjorm/.lJiOft
(I) The role of Tokumu Kikan within Chilli
proper can be di"ided into I,hases. At the
olll8el, "'heu no J8I>llUlllll! fort:Cfl w<;re present el
IhU!le on garrisou duty, ils duties W<;l'll pri
thOllC of coll\!<:ti"g intelligence thrQ<lgh
whatever JnIi!!e "'as Afler the ''China
ineident" in 193i, II,e SSO in Chi"a "'as charged.
10 qoote Ihe War :Ministry, "wilh the superrisioD.
.id. and rev;"al of the peace lll"e5er.....tion otgaD'
(and) simullaneously with collec>-
lion inlettlgence milieril"s." In I!H2, lInder tho
"BaSIC Toward Chilla" direcl;"e of sell
.dministration (i. e. !lu,II)(!l.go\erlllnent), theSSO
bo...ed oUL of Ihe picture Ilt Tokumu Kikan, 0II!y
10 as Renraknbu (li.illOn department).
Uut Tokumu Kikan rem.ined the besI.kno,,'n tit"
(2) On the hlIsis of ....il"ble iuformalioo. ir
\l'llldd be irul'O!l!Jible tOl!!ltiHlatelhe numberof IIUIi-
IIIr.\" and civilians engllgl'<1 in SSO work in Chilli
It functioned, liS ell!Cwhl:re. without conll"Ol froPl
TokJo bUI under the conlrol of Ihe Areo' '\111'1'
JAP INTEL
"ith T"kmnu Klk"" Ill1i,. I
fl' I
"" 11''''.1" >l1'"i,.... di-'i,io,," '. 1II e]lenl.
AI di.i,i"" . .a"d
. or ltIdtll('rnl t ,._,
Iner. II ('01""1'1 a"d lieu, '"'I .....g..le
. e'Unt ookmell
Il... aclune'll of from II t a:. r Ift,....., lbe
ci,-ili."" in fool' ,1'1l1."ttd ""'" Ind
!illl""n.....-oIlO>ll;P ."d m't'I.'tratn... jtU'em.
Tloe latter ""I",i 'led I'" 't,,,I."d "'telli.
il Iv Ule". ' of oue lJellh'tI.llt alltl
(;1) Fuucti.. of Ihe Chi"" 8,"0 .
Lieutenllnl C"lo",,1 Y.m zal. . h'
C
-, '. II "'. "le"' ....r of Ihl'
lin. -.1'Oll of .\rnll" Geul'rai <-". II
' . .""
10 ."'.>llhe .\mly in the ).I'1ll\1la:
100. to moure food and n""llkal tare for tIl<!' "inl.
,.n ' ....!'1I1.1I0tl. utll to obtain iufof1u.ti"ll .. t<l
th.
e
alt Itllde of 1.11t' people. Thu,.hell Tok"mu
Klknn cllllnged Itg IBlilIl' in ... ' .,
"bee . . I", pe_nllel
'lime" 0011 of 1I&I>l<>n lloO] btt\l'''''ll Ihl' J.,II..
n'-"if' 8nd the Chinl"'<! lroof"; friendh" to them."
and perfonlled Illlht.rJ
(4) A funber di.;cu",;ion "f Tokumu KJkan duo
ties ill Chilla 'lfll.il obtained from ll.jor General
ehief of the S.nki"g n...nd. of Tommu
Klk"" Iluder the 131h .\rDl)", ,,'hiell wa, in tUl'll
the China EX!""llitiou"r... l'"reI':. Illl'ic 1',,1.
IC.'' ],p 'tal ...., WaS (in I". Ihe 13th
and if Ihere ., dirwli"n fro",' T"ho. he
llror"l6.d of it. TIle main
".s g'O"ef111nem -I,hrsiall .-elfare of tbe
and ""the I'd...,.tion .nd indoctrinalion of the
Chinese:'
(ii) Out aceoro:hng t" General Harad., the To-
kUllIlJ Kikull llIer'el}'!IlIw rhlll rhelM: we....
c" ... ied "ut. The Chinese .lId the H.lHIUi.
n sl""'i.1 .. nizarioll of th.puI'II"'( go,ef1l1nent.
did the act L1al ...ork. ,\.i! to u,!dert"On:r .gff>l. ........
.....nd coullte.......l'ioll.ge. SII) (;,..,eral:
MSO 5'>ch thing "'u done in ('hina (b.v the To-
k"",u Kika,,). WI' did reet'j,'e !'<lUI'" inf"rmallOll
of 1....... 11>1" 'alu. from p.... feet" ...l
ImJllchl'<l, lhe 1'"lit"" ChillC'l" people ",
Thl" t'"I'" .. f i"fol'IIlIl'i"" 1 glH "'as thl' kiud Ih.,
lie'le':"l lbc,\nh"r is "0'" .Uih!de
of Ihe peop..... thl' _'I'""ll.lIon of the !Hole.--. .nd
the aeti,it,. of oor O'lfll Army. f(C. 1",l"tlr.mlh.
I.r, malll'rl! di.l nOl III<!' Toitumu K,kall
.nd 8lll'rehf'usioll of ,pil":! ..... I'u.... It.. .....p.'.,.
sibili,," of ,he
(6)' The of Tol;"",,, Kihn inlo
,,"Ii.ison del'nrllIlPllt" iu 1142-13, hOl<l"er. "",,Id
..
"''''''' t.. hatt i,I(" 1. rath.r tI.an diminilhed,;t.
1Il1I1<1n.,>l't". Or,!!." I a"d ............
d ..... ",,,..ine'" d, "Il'. 1"'1 .ft.,. t1w .......
110 J.lla'_ '"" deal .,1h 1.Iw (1,;_
ex""I" tl'"",/:h Tok"m. Kikan
li) .\ltl,..>U,,-h no l'<Illl'lu.",," 'e'>aluuiun "f tIw
"'''''"!HIlI''''.,, K,k." in a.",. 10 J.p-
01'"roIIOlI81 '''rf'1l11''''I.... r.n l.o:o In.de Oil 1.Iw
",'1, <If ",r'mu.'",,, f"rtlll"'''llllj:' fro", Ihl' Jap-
a,_. It, j,f'lf-endeut tlo.t tllt' "'''llriOOIl....l ....
.ortll.I"If.. An IIrp.uiulinn wJlh OS liml a llOld
<1\"er ''''llJ.oe1 (1,,_ ....rkl.ll,!! 10 relDain in
II. '-..-enjo,td by Tokama Kikan .....Id
I.. IJ1t1Ptrouble 'n finJillj:'OI.II wb.al .... In ra",e
uf !"'I'!>I'I "."I!!>' .nd ear<. ThL, ..... undOl.lbtl'dh'
telI":')II for the ottitode "f .\nlly Gell<!'....1
'81f .. llIrh... \l'llh J:oi:-()., in ot.her am.", was not.
to .ok t)1<!' T"kumu KJka" dirwll,' for illfon'''lion
hut to req_ the ron....Ddiltt: l-;",1ft'1l1 of
to II -f....., _l'l'Jl!I uailalHt t"
him.-
II. __.... ,A. .. lia, .I"il/,..,; ... .J_i....
tiOlO.
(I) o,f the TukuDlU Kiko" pictu.... b.gin
to f"de III the Nutl,en, of J.pallS " ..."i.
"."on.
1
2
) t" Ourma. Tokumll Kibll._.
heaJquaftered .t Ran..-. _JIDN ......
mo""ll u tbe Kaoruhimo -.:iaw as
llJDaJlli Klkao or Kikari 1Ubn. lal_ is
toOmeIu.,.... "JeIllltied with tIw Ja.._ S......
TIl<!'re "'1''' Q(her Kika""
"'illl 1l.1I1el1 Or Ihe n.rDeIl of their
leaders.
(3) 'Il,e Jalll.llfl!<!' W.r dol'wnerl\ I,re-
l,.red for .sc.\ P groul"" "lIC!I _,.-ioe- IlIkIer the
""..I of lio_ ....,.,1>Q:u... in IhO' I'n;n-i.
_.IIndf'p.ndPnl l-'ld,an .-ith.1'"
proumu.ly 90 "lid "i.,I,ao._ headinlt "p
lhe -.-Ii....., .nd .t.. 3 branrh bu.
..... in M.I.y. Thail.nd. ami (0,,1\'
"hij...j,-ra"ki,,1:' "ere I"hulued in the J.l;'
."1'.'" fijrll ........hith a hfoadq".n""" iutel.
ON:Iion of nd ..i.-ilia$.)
(4) .\1 ....."1 :, Kikall.' i<letltitied ill lhe
II" then!..n. by, th East .\sill.
(' IDa"'1 a",llndi. ('.........nJ in it!' Woekl" In
:'-"n,m.., ='0.. of II '\I'til ltl.Ji .1
lh<>ul it _Ill_ I""l"ib" th_ rolll,l be
"f 0 eem...1
RES11lICTEO
RESTRICfED
Ua.>ic dutillS of Kikau .weN of
int
elli
b...
nce
warfal"6 huh". J,Hhan (roops,
and Indians ill Ihe Far Olcconlin!; to St:AC.
But of action and ;;CO\)l' was the rule
Ihe 8<l1elliW Kikans. The lerm "military
ncli"ities" embrR('(!(1 elllployment of localul\li,es
for o!iSllSSiu"lion of imporl,lllt Allied peNQns and
for snoot"b.... and 10 inliltrale ";;llllie "ud 1I10bil6
aJ!ents hehilld QUI' lin,,"," H.ing among olhcrs,
wmuen. !3uddhi.1 pri"sls. trndus. alnl
as FruilS of Iheo/! cnde"vur;; did not
appellr C"l'lUlL.J <!o<unlenlS lhllt in
the ;;\lUlllwr "f the local Kikaus ha"ill!;
dillic"Ity in ""bt"iniug Snfe iuti \11">11 ion rouICS" for
their agenls, in shol'lnge of funds, in morale, nnd
in the high rate of desertion nillong Ihe nnli"e
hirelinb"$
(6) Japnl'ese onicials in Tokyo r,nnilior wiill
Ihe Arn\\" Tokllmu Kikan lacked knowledge of its
in Heas other lh/lll Manchuria. China,
and Burllla. Tn :s'ew Gninea, fOl' its du-
lies IIr., reported 10 r,a"e Ill-en hl\11dled OJ the Kenl-
pei TaL Il.'l dc;;eribed laler in Ihis slUdy, and no
evidence has been foulld to the eontralT Til the
I'hilipl'incs. however. eapillred documents disclose
Ihe Ilnosenetl of Kikans in the Llizou Hila. Wilh ll\.
least 3 Kirishima, and
Takesaki_ident itied.
(,) Once lIgnin. e,id.cnre on which to e"ahmte
the oontributioll of thB SSO aelil'ities in the 1'hil-
il'llilles is laeking.lllthough a fairly c<lmpli!te pie-
ture of such opel'ali"ns during Jnpanese with-
drawal can be obillined. The exaHlple;, below are
tahn from thB Xalllmci Kikan Operation Order
:s'o. I, dated 20 Janual)" 1945 at Manila, as quoted
by lloe ,AFPAC special report:
"Japanese c<lunlerintelliJ!enre "eti,ilies within
.\I"nila before and after occuplltion b)' Ihe Allies
("'hich the SSO Operatioll Order a]lporenlly as-
sumed as" forel,'Oue collelusion): communications
by wireless and runners, with emphasis, after oc
cupation, on mililary intelligeuce to faeilitate
fiflh column act;'ities.
"Extenninntion of 'extreme pw.Amenenns
while carrying out political, economic, and idco
logicalfiflh OOIUlll" aeti"ities' prior to Allied pen-
eU"lltioll; dis.,'ption of the 'enemy's rear' "ftc,' oc-
cupalion. by military, ec<luomie, and pS,I"chologi-
ell.>ahotlge.
"Collection of informatiou, prior 10 oeeupation,
RESTRICfED
JAP INTEl,
by arrcst of "infiltration and [sic: Allied]
fifth columnists' hetr"yed 'dancers '''HI ellieI'.
I"illers'; intul"<,lgatioll of captured.llir 1""1"""11
I,el-'mc" will wins(n,cle,1 not to kill thelll"i5.
"ne,.S of Wllr'; Ly captured docu.UltnlS; by "ll'.rest
and "f wllh pro-AI.llel:'C&I'
1{>l\deueies ",,,I p","SOns cllught ",\\,'sd"'l'pmg ; by
I!Uel'ina netilities in "".I en,.imns. ,
"Collection of infnrlll"ti"n, "flel' pelwtrntlOll
by the un the '",ilit","y "",I politiclll
lion lind the ,ta\( of p:lcifirution wilhin the city,'
SHrh i"r,WHllllion 1" l)(' 1,"ns,uiUed by
wireless station Icfl hehiml; on the militll"y situu.
tiolt, e5lweilllly hnrb(ll"s, ships. cOlllllluni-
cMions, elc., such info,",,,tioll to he presented ill
thp form of sketchel nnd t I"Ilnsmitlllll, app"n'''lly,
by runnel' network."
4. The NallY SSO
ll. ,,'hatlWCl' the ,lapnneoo /\'''''.1' hnd in the wny
of a counlet"I'IHt of the A,.,ny's S\*-cial SeniceOr.
gllllizntiolls dllriug the w"r ,,"as limiled in
"nd in intellib'Clle<"l vallie.
b. The Onicp of the Chief of Connter-Inlelli
J!encc, GHQ, AFPAC, in its specinl l'el}O"t,
"nsh' referl"llll lo herpin, citt's nn SSO sl1l""r\"l.....d
by l'he 1mp"rial 1','"vy Illld IIsullll.," listed as Ka;.
''Ilil Tokul11u Bu (Navy Sl'e<;i,l1 Scrl"iee
The ..tpOlt ",Ids: ,"rions N8'.\"
SSO's ill the ficld. such liS the Soulh Chin" SSO
:",,1 Ihe B",.",,, SSO, ,U"ll !1<"""II11)' headed by I
!'Car ,,,h,,iml or CI,ptllin. All SSO's in the firld
IInsw"rcd diredl., to the )i,,,"nl Generul Siaff iD
Tokyo and the respedi"e section of
Intelligence Dilision."
c. The Kn,')" "Iso is idcntifi('(l, in the AFPAC
wilh II Special Sc"vice Oq::;nni1.11tion in tilt
Homel:lnd. co"d"cU!d us n fm-eign alr,lirs sertiOl1
of cit., 1}Olice depnrlmenls. Onkerll on this <Juty
welll" cil'ilian dolhes, e"en in WIII'linw, lind on lh!
ha,is of inforlHllli"n ll\'lIiluble, would Il]lpear
hO"e dUlies simil"r 1.0 our o\\u
within the United Statel.
d. ,\ fUl"ther of the Nn"y's SSUac-
til"ilie durin/! the ",al" wns gi"e" b,r Sone.(II'
the F"reign Olliee: "The Nav)" did not I
Tokllllllt Kik"n in "al'ioIlS pl:l<:es, hut hu,l " kull!
of Tokmllll Kiknn 01' Ilelidcnt OniC"I'S'
i1llP0111111t s"ch as Shanghai, Peklllg.'
Hangoon, 1 believe. Aclivit ies were not SOI
in liS those of the '1'0
1
"''''
JAP INTEL
Kik"ll. TlH' Sun' (850) .
l'er,,{'Ij wilh li"i"',;n I"'tw,', ',U prnnarily <:"m
" " . fwmoeh' ,
"a"a ""d"'1!" I'arti,o;;, ., _ . CO< 'It tllf
.. . 'r,,,,,, "'lU5' I'
I hl',v ""II<'I"t"1I i"f"n"",' "I 'e'r re.
'011. "nd so f I
I\"p"e lI"t kP<-r' "" "dmi,' _, . _ "n I. The,
,
' , . '" r.t"," IIkt Ih \ -
V:. ",., "n",rtl.,d "\'I'y "fl"" with I e, j .rmr,
I'"'' "r tlte Chi,,,,,,,, I .. OdlllnlNra.
. - 1(""enUntll!"
e. A ""I}O"I "",I,mille I L I"
""""I"r Hin". u li"i>-o" 0.' '," .,e"lellUnl COh!.
l"er ...t"'I'(\n Ih J
,,,.,,, n"d {"""S,,"', '. e "po.
. ,.' ,-.. ..... " "lIt,f,l'" II '1', k
H' Ch,lla whi('h "r ) umu lin
, '"
t,,,,, " "'l;lb."lheJ"'ln"""". " .. "p.o.
B 1'1 . ,. 11"\11" fok" 1
" \I" "e' ..tl,l,h,,illj! lht WH fur '0" "u
a",1 "l'tllC\! imellil!"nl... of II' ,I! trlllllem
" , ""l"U ,I",d lind
1"1"" eut (l icers l"iki,,U' I' ",'
"
" k' "t '.u"
lal. .'"'' mI!". l'"il'i". 1I0"k, , \ ' "'
'
" )'.. m",. "nd
,w""j!ton \\"10 were "nd"""" I" I
11 . J . ,. '" eonn",,,,,1 or
,,, t ,e ".'",a for \l"lIrk 'lil 1"",1" but
,,,,,I,',' dm'Ct ("<"n""""l of lloe Chitf of Na"al
fur i",,!Iij.'Clll'" w",.k.
f. Ihe 0"". ludi"atio" of X",.., "eti"ili""
""" !,I""e ''-Jlh l.lto8l"of the 'rokumu Ki.
bll fonhc,,"u"j! '" nn illler"i"\I" with n"",.
Ad",,,.,d Chado. forn,,"" ml'mber "f th" Xa""1
Ge"",;t! SI"II" who 100-<.'"",,, X"""I Au,...I... '11 Il.".
j!'WHI. lIu.,,,,, w"" il""ntNI "i,,,JrJ""'Hlenr-e"
a."tI III .Id".,,,,,.'" I!N,) w,w n.... ,ij!".... 1 a" li"i>-Oll "f.
l,,'r,' wllh lhe S""lhe.... A"",,\". [n hi. I'<'llOrl. is
'lie, I by H",,,lqllH"'I"S. !'omh En,1 A_in T,.,,,,.la.
ti"" and I "t"'To!!"ti"" Cempr. on fi O"lobo... IIU;.
.\tlmi,,,1 Clmd" deS/r'I ..._, II... Kikan (,,1".1
liS "n AI"I"y see "W"e) "'
Ihe i"telli!!""ee or/-'l,ni .."tio" in II ... S""thern
Artas whilh Ihe Intli"" l'ro,i.i"na(
G"'o',un",,,1. Although Ih"re is n I"""",ibilit.'"
.. or his li"i;;<J1l tluti('S wilh thr ,\"'''''.
he i" ,,,,f,,,.,.i,,)! to an .\I"m, orj!anizntion. his rl>f.
el"e"CC 10 <1at.'$ wu"ld working knowlrdJ!e
or the I{iknn l>1"im' to I,i, "lIiliati,,,, \l"ith d,,, South.
"m A,",,. As for re.."ltS. hr "''''S
of OI"""'li"""l ndue w"s eXlI",,,wi, s<'"1"l'C "",I "r
\\'h"t th,'re was. some ha<\I,....,,, 5<'1\; b"1l1" Ilrili,h
in t10e "nnll'$ "f our a)!"nts Ihnt Ihe... ],,,,1 imrr"ed.
nnd ""lilt wa" ;'''1 b." "g('llI_" ho h"d tnken frillill
""t! we",. 1"CI'"rliug from .afe 111"<'''''- '11,,,. ,..,allr
""I""hle i"fo""lIlti"n wa" lle.,:li!!ibl". I hHe
1"'0"<1 il s"id 11",( no i"fo""al;o" inll"en{'('(l
0l)('r"t i"ll" I 1'hu," w"s fl""r ...........i,..d."
Tit .. ,,,, is .t,-o,,!! l"t"""" h. ",,_ume thaI Ihe
S>lO ..xisle<l on 0 l"I),"'r !!Cal" prior to Ih..
'"
war "hell il" .....'df1t1 rould
110..""/(1",,,, lhf .."rId "",,' ,,' .. 0flI'I'8I'
, _ _ "..... 0 'mllI"I rheir
act"-U'<"II." .\.ia. 11,.,....... am Ie .
("r N.II('<'\ mil' illltlli...."" ,1_ J' opponu
m
l7
_ ,..>0"" m.......
1'<'1,...,.,.."t"I""" !!, Jal"'''''''' I_i,_ 8
h ' -
_ ,.or cohlmen: ..I",p
""","mat,,.... mCI ,,-ilh Ih....."loa"', h'
r.. "n',' '(. . ,"u,", smo"t
.' , la'", ...nua".'".allU>I.lhe,.>tul"td ,
tra",I"!e<IIl'<'1 . , "_' . _ I I an
1m"" l'u' ...al"'''... j!"i'''''I!"OOlie."r
,,,,,h Im"ln'i",,, l"lhe fo fo . ..l,
the X,,,'.'' p,jmi_tr,'. r ""0 Ing I"
h. WI,,"el-cr"";llrihulioJl'h.. X.",'' ",'"
I .' . . ." 1I,r orar
""e Orj,,,,,,i""tioll 10 01''''1'.
""elhJ,"''',,: ""'" II Hrr "'.... ..r one. i",jO'('(I.
II.' of Iltjl'hl!,bJe. if ."". ,-.I"f ((> th S . ,
Ge,wral1"tall". - t. au
5. Kempe; T1I;
a. n,e. JapnllC>oP Ke"'l",i T.i. oflell ""Ierred 10
.0< Ihe "llht"Ty I'0lie. and h, the JaIJa'_ liS the
... hd 1)(1\1""'" ne:..,.ly oS bl'OlRd as Iho..e
of Ihe ('e,taro..\hhouuh ill the fi.. ld it
workN[ ...i,h Ihe .\nuy. " ..."",, u"der Iht jll';..d'c.
I".",.',r Iht War _\l,n;'11"", and rontrolled both ad-
""''''1.1"ll1'''t and judi"';nl 1l<l1i.... I\nd. u" mili'a....
... ..-.IlIZll"'.n. WO. di"i,I"" i1\l0 .dlllilli>lnui,t .,,;1
1",1""81 ...('<'1\0",, h 1>.,1 .. I"'''";''''. "<"'IN with
the rlJ;hl I" eXe"",... J_p,,,,'"thorin m'er m,li_
la '".'. 1>I'l>'On"..1 nd 1he J,"'''e.... ll>Uhlit
b. .. ..-.. in Tokyo fortnoillillf: and
for ,1... Orl-"lllZllllon In .Iup.". Kof'CO..'om"""'.
a"d the Nlllh N,.. : Ih.. 1"l' ""l!", ,.."arale 10....<1.
'I "<InN" l"nd I.... ini,,!!) ill Chi". :\lanel",ri. and
:\1"lnyo. A-Jectioll WI' ritrid. I..""" OIl I.h-i"",l
"",m.1 te-H and 00 famil., lrain.
Illj! ro'-"I'<'d 'l>I'(;i.1 ''''NiJ,.",t'on.dmin',lration
"r ju,t,"". or;.",u ie la"". ,dmini.lrat ion.
1",lOry. :!o!lf..def..,,>'l' .nd Ihe .n of making on
.,rre-I.
e. I" lhf i=:ourlo :':eo.,.. tI>e Oll-",ni""tioll "1\S
hrok.." ,IOW1' il1ln ..rie ""'C'1ioHs. o'oth em-
b... d'll! 1-"'".....1 .If.i,.,.. I'ohe.> "lfai .... >1'l'ti.1 i,,
\'e-lil,"'';'''''' .nd j"ditial.lfa,.... ror eaell ...a 0,.
i.Jo"d.\pI'Rl'<'llll., tht "'0"' of Tokumu "iko"
,,a. eorri...1"ul h.,' the in Ihi. .rea. EJ",-
...ht,..,. oUl"i.l.. of .1"1'"'" Neb "rea .n", "'a, as
.ig""'[ Krllll""i u"il_ at h.. .,,,i
lCl"d. ,,-ilh Ih.. "en,!,.. i hti,,#, 0" it, O"'n belowlhat
I..,-e!. 1'''lal "emI"" "",mpl"">eIU for "" Ilrmr ,.
KEsnUCTED
VII. ANALYSIS OF JAPANESE INTElliGENCE ESTIMATES
AND PLANNING
RES11UCTED
MimatN It 1.000. 20 of ",hom Ire It lop head
qll.,ters fCllt.lon.
ll. primary function
of tilt. KemplP.i. Ind in II"f.&lI ...here Tol.:umu Kikan
lbo functiont'd. thf.no "'l.lIlIn unden;tlnd.ble O''f.r
I.p. To I\'oid friction, I Kpmllei oftker ...as llOOle'
tinlf!l .lIlrhfd to the Tokumu Kikan for li.i$On
dut).
P. Pftrticul.rly in XI'''' Gui"fII .nd .rels in
.. bieh TokUllln Kikall ...s nOlluistenl. Ihe Kempei
l...rronnl'(1 B"llul,ble role for operlllionRl illlelli
)..'l'IIN', mo.tl) b,. lise M natives both u
Bntl for St8temenlS b)'
Arlll)' nnd high command uali,'eg were
"alueless OOl-au"e of laek of knowledJ,,'t
or friendliness to 0.1' Allies aro: trill' insofar.s in
for Illanning lenl it but tbll
Kemllei foond for tllfll' in ferreting Ollt
.\llif<:1 Iloeitions. obser... tion 1-1$, Ind e'-en. in
!'ome in,,(lInees. intl'l.tions. i-::....mll1e;; of such \1R.
RESTRJCTED
JAP IHnI.
flllne9:l in the ....r of tactie.1 intelligence are liP.
IlI'lIded (uhibi, A).
f. KemplP.i doctrine did not call for .ctive I'll'.
tidp.tion in prL.oller-of .... r interrogation work.
The !le.thing>! ealled for the Kemp.. i to hllndle
llrelimi"a'}' sereeninp of the pri$Ollel'lllo pre\'ellt
their and to them from ei,i1i.nl.
This, ho...e'er, ....s not the practice. The KemlN:'i
illihe field was IIl1der e<mtrol of lhe commanding
,.'ene,,,1 of Ihe art'H nrlllr, ""d there is ."'I'le e,i .
<len{'t' from 0111' o"'n 'l'patrillted I'r'sonCrijofwar
Ih.u Ilteir trealmcn\.-(>I dele_
hy the Artily to the K,'mpei.
J:l:, Its "'ork willt prillOlteMl.of.wur was Kempei'i
prineil',,1 contrib",ion to Jup"n6!ie 'nilitnrr
.lioltal intelli/,,'ence. The 1;('(:0111Iar)' contribution,
use of ""tinl!! for llCQlltiltjr. spying. Bnd counter-
intelligence Willi to frontline intellige"'-"l of im.
medi.te tactical i.nporta,lC:t', rather th.1I to long.
ratlge 1,I.nning.
JAP INT'L
I. Inl,oduf;l;o"
. of J.llIItI\'!;lf. militar,' .nd nnal
illlell,w:
n
<:f' has dllll1o>ie<.1 .ignilkant i"fonnltion
t.he Ja]lHn_ esti"late.i of ,\",erican
"",I All'l'<l .'111"tttioltB, slre"both .nd cal'lbilitie.l
",,,de H """'OIiS of the "'Hr. II"'portnntllii'
peeL<; of the pa,t ... hid, pl.j'lld in .IMI"
"tteso ope"lIllo'la I plault "'I( ""d co"dllet "f Ihe "'.r
"'''' """"ellied in the Informal ion u hlttd.
b. The pri"'Br}' objecti ..e of ,lti. P9rt of Ihe no.
I/Ott. hIlS Mil to .n.lrze Ihe Jallllnes! Plllln.tN of
Ihe sitlllltionnd Iheir consequent pl"'n'llll'. "
discl<:JSed in the interroj...tion;; lind "'.lI't1If.nt.; of
J.panl':$e coollnantl.nd ....nd in doca.
mentary' mlteri.lno.......il.ble. In order that the
IlCCnrallJ of Ihe l'i>!inl.llle,; and Ihl'ir elfect on opera
tioll5 ma)' be /."'-jtl!d, certain fatfi and 6gure;;; from
U.S. :S-.,")nd War tI'O':OnUroneern.
ing U. S. pl"lIlI, forea ttf. llre ulili.,..) Mno;n for
comparui1"lll'ut"JlO"-'fS
c. 11,is is nO( purl/OneJ to \.00" full h;'lorielll
aC(."(>unt of earh Ol)l',.. t"'" or eamp.i..", dilooU!lSed
here. Onli""ril,\'. Ihe ISIJeClS of th_ 01'.....
t iOlls whid, Bl'e to the.ral'"ul"'llle>ti"'"le<l
undl'l' eXllu,i"Hlion u6 ''OCOllllled, .lth"ullh .,I,li
li"nul f"ct>! He st'l f"rlh to show th..
surrounding circu,nstRnt:ell Rnd to f"cilillle" h..l
ler uudenstll-nding of the problems iu"",h'eo.l. For
histori... l aeeolltll$ of the war in the AIli.tic
Pacific theltno. reference i5 mad.. to Ihe ",portil 01
th.. ,'n.I)"!!!s .nd S-....I .\nIIJ1l;' Oi..i
siotlS of th.. U. S, Slral..gillllombiug Surn}'.
d. Thl' P'"ter II." of the ",.leri.1 lhe
bII.'lis for this .11.1,"Sis ...llii denloped from lnlH'-
rogations .nd qlle"(ion,,.ite;i dil'fctl'd 00
."d st.1I" of th.. J.llII'll:i!e Arm)'.Dd :O;uJ
II" t:ssns. Illforn,alioll de1"l'lope,d fron. JllI
"",urcell h,. OII""r aj.oeocie!l .lso '<111II 15
indkated. .
(I) Til.. ",,,jorit, of the e;timattll fonrenllnjl'"
. . . . , U <:. lir '''' ....r. ".".1
all,l l"" .. ltUI
power. and tt",rclt""t ",arine, l,url",rt-:<tly p.....
'
ill ortly "r,or 10 Ihe
p",,'d by II ... J.. pnn""" al a'" , '.,
of hOSlilitie. f",' uile ,tt Iheir In,hlllr.l' plait
"iug ..-ere obtained from the of tlte chief
_n'tlry of the Jallll'_ Imperi.1 Pri,'" Couocil.
"'ere from ... rioll.!l milit.ry .nd
_ials culll'enled ..-illl such ,,,.tle,,,,
'n,"!lI' .....un"'" did u'" "1'lltfIr 10 h"e h.,I.,,)' 1'''''
plred egti",nh'llI.'l1O ex',lin!! ."d potenl;al U. i';,
mililar,' j!rou"d I"rc"''''''''pt th.. lig>.tl"I funri.h...l
b}' the l"riv)" O,u"eil lIS 10 ptelleut .nd anticilllltl!<l
Marine Corp. ller&,mnel otrenjJth as. 11IIrt of the
estimlle>l of Nu)" lJer..onnel otrenjt1h.
(2) n... d.ta COllcerning 11<:1"'" ...ngth,
prod.....tion.elc. ,,'hirlt ha,." '-0 forl'OlDpari.
!1011 ..-ilb the J.llIIoeo;e _imale<.. ...e.... obblin",l
from the folio...,,,, !lOO1't'fl!I:
f.) S'ary- Dellllnment.\ir 8......,h, Q6..e of
S-....l . ..-him coo>piled the inf......
lion oonoeminl! C. S. na"'" air "'1"C'Il!--'lh. 11II,'.1
-treogth .nd f\ee( and
jb) W.r Olfio:,. of c..,.
'ro!. .\""y .'ir i-'ort'e>,
fe) W.r Depart_nt. Orel"lttioM Dirision,
OPD.
2. Summ_)'.IIJ COJlf;/uJio"J
. The ene"'." ;mellijtetlOl' estimales .nd plan-
IIi,,, are ,li9C,,,sed in the order of
their d.welopment. ",ilh the egUmlll"l
.nd m.tI. in ]It'lll'a..tion for Ihe war a"d
continuitts: through the SIJCfte<Iing ope.-.tiOllll .Ild
Ti,e of eonsideralion !ri"ell ill'
IISJl""IS of 1M nn- operatiolls ..'118
det..rn,ined bJ the .mount of peni1lellt infomna
lion ..-hw,h hid '-0 ..loped from Jlpa_
_1't'fl!I-. Cert.i" eOlldlbion;s by !he
of _vinll'lh_ aDd pia,,
m; ... of the "'ar:
b. 'fh,e Ja...._ w-t.... in of "'1I'1li
J.'ftlCe ..--PUll! l. air and na...1 f<>rftO ill tIle
Pacifit .te'II!I l.nor 10 the ('(lDlIIIoeDl'elMfl' of the
....r-i"f""""tiOl\ ..-hw,h ....., tin>ely. adtquale 111
ra.... 8UboIa",illly UTUrat.. and ill ('()I\>ide....
Ible ""Iail. The nol.ti,..l) I'<'OllOInielll and u,
l'.. coltll,I..lwn of Jalllln. ",.jor ollt''''I''e
ol)('ra,i,,'tS ..-ithi" the 6,.,,"1 few mOllth. of the ,,'ar
fl" br larj:tl.,' .t1ril"" ....1 to lhi.. The C'OlIlrloo,
RESTRICTED

_<0

-
,.
...

,.

.-
-
-
RESTJl.ICfED
=

....
.-
,.
.-
,,-
.-
lllilizinJl.n "f Iho1r inl..lhl(Mt'l' _ ..
1.....1.ud (",.1...1" "".II.h\<> informdion..lhe ....
I.ry ",,..."!rt" .nd Ilf>to!nli.lilift of liMo U....
.... f?r """ in fonm.ll.li"lll tbPir ..... mili...,.
IIIan... n,.1 II...y ....... ..1 ill
f.lrl)' ....'nlpltt .. IIltonnJu"n ............millfll-. S. .uli,
tory to......, IIlt'n. in I.. i",. .. ..i.knl in IIIO'J.,.-
""1m"'I"" ",,,,,,,,,,",,1 dunr'lI Ih,. "''''-',.: enr.
aith'lll,h rllt' ......11""'1.... "en: "'rpn..llIfIl,. -
III ..1 it i.1)I*...nl Ihli lhey
... ... 11<" ."'" I" ......ml ....h",,,1 .,,",lUII..I...\mt'rie:an
milil ..,. and ",dll.1 rillll".""li.l,.. _\.mf:rica.n tipt-
1Il11" ....1.1,,"I'f". anol tl....1.1]," of I"" L:- S ..,
to 0'""""""" 1,"",1""", III and ",uPI'I... -
1..1111'"# N' .... If- .nd ... I.li f .re <oK - lortb
Ilt'I'e iu tabl..,. I IlIn"'eb .. for ......N'\<>..lioa ",. '-"'-
Ill$! indira to l.fI!\' ult"IIl of (hi' ba-ia for
,1.1.'- I'UDlI'"$! .".11,1 the.. dodll<1ioo of
I"" .\lQt'nt-an .bihly I" ... ..11'. l1le
fill"""oo'-.... fll.ir f._.\rm... S nd .ir_
p..... Iln>IllII'tion ""1*,"lly: i:!I'S.ry:.... r-hip
.Ifftllflb. fte.,c ,h... I...... 'u".. and pt'....... al'd (31
""'trhalll .... rine.
(l' .--__,...Oto. "'"
-
_.
-:::::-
n__
...-- -- .
... .--...._1 _ _ _
1lj.,__ _I..
-
n_
... ' .... -
-
-
IM.. ,."I'"
=
JAP INTEL
JAP lNT!J.
Ih... lllXlII II,.. r, S....r.
,.ier fort'e olr FOI""""I 12-11 0... 1,,1.... 1 lllH
Th... concluded Ihe Allil'!! were llnn"l;
ti, sup!'ort alllajo!" irl\-tl,iollll' Ihut ,il1l1'.111I<I tiP.
fe",;e in th.. Philil'pinl'll were 1101
Jl,"(>".. .... her Illighl hll '.1' Tlte "'lll!le<llll"I1Ct01
wl'recoo;llv.
f. I'rio; to lIlI.1 durin!! thl" "lid)' of tl"
Wllr. Ih(" Ja{llln""" ;erion'l)' ..1 II"
of r. S. ,,,hlll:lrin."'. It Ihollj.!hl
Ihlll Ih... , "'0"1.1 '-'" ...ml,lon...1 in ..."tli,,!! N>lmlllllli.
...,i...n" I"... tlll!! of ll"iinlt'nhnnt @llippinj.! .1-
tllcks. bm tlwiru-Ie",i,e .nd ... 1fl'<:C.i,...."'I'lo)m... nl
.191.''- n.,.l cnfl well a! for
"ai_1let' .nd for air-_ asa@urllritf
1'1", ac-hi.. of l-. :-:. iu ,inki,,!!
..,.,...,hiI'5 .nd n", ..:h"t shil'l,illj! f.r u,
an}"1hillg tl'e}' hlld UI>I'ct..d .,d "as. d...
ci"i,-.. fllC10r in deslroying t""ir .hilit,. to
.-.r.
I!. TIM: enem, ne,er rolllp",""ndfli .t1fll"aldy
Ih.. n,ililnry ."d industri.II>OI"lIti.1 of the U. S.
This i". basic UI'I .,ation lor lbe rel.....lfll ()(Q-
"'!woll _\l1lf'ric-an mon"" w,,", m.de before tilt'
""""1)' ""IIfti ...II""n>--."d ..ilh 1! ..... ler
Ih." IIf' ..,.lim.I...1"'.S I"",,;ble. TIl\' .bilil' of Ihe
, .. :".10 lIla",h.1 .n.1 " ....1 f"..........: 10 pt"ll-
,ide .<lI'<\0llt.. I ran"l",n mlto S"I'I,h Ihe!!ll' f"'.......
..itll ..... .Iul Ill.teri;l. .1'1,*,,'''''10
h.,.. cons;stentl}' .. -..,.......I.....llhe J.I..n_""I illl.le....
h. En'epl for the of lite ......
II... Jap,"""" mililll"" fo ".,riollsl)' h.lUli.
e.ppe<1 ",. nrher COIIsi,l.. nt ia k 01 QIIt'Mltiml.1
inlellif....l....... Fn:qIM:ntl,.lhe h.d lillil" "pt
ei6c f.d".1 informal ion CQIlCt'nling tit.. .....nlrth
of I". S. forces ";th;,, (1)('l'IIt;oll.1 rauge. Iheir di;.-
po"ilion;:. or th"irlllO'em..ms.lllthollj.!h.
.bl" amOllll1 01 silch illl ...lIi{.... eI.uld It.,'.. been
obt.ined Ihroll!!h nn effi,ielll 1111tI
tltroulth eml,lo."mem "f Ihe rllcilitiC!! IIIUI fo\'('tOt
h ronlroll..d. Tile 111.jor ..all.... "' ,llill criliclIl
r i("lItT was rh... f"illire 10 mailltnin rej:IlI111" IIIId
Ihorough air !lellrch I,"d 1...'<:Olllllli_II...... The nil
",erOliS i11>llIn(-e!I ill wltidl U. S.Cllrri"l' t",k fof'O'tl'
ill th... i, 51"ikt-fl, dll'" to
'llillte enem)' "ir !;e1l1,<;1t und 1e<-"<JIIl"ti<lSllllCl' .1!
mellliol1e<1 itt till' The "'''''Ill)'''
h.ck "f ",1"'lwlte "1)C'"tionul illh'llil1"llC" during
rIt., f 1)1" Leyul GIII f 111".1.. "Ilie ;"111 <llwrlll
io
",
II)' I"s f'-""ces dillkull, if "ot I'l"tlclic-,dl)' im
tion of Jllpntl....e ut IB hij:hest
poinl duri"j: this I",,iool. ulI.llhN,"fler "Wi OU u
j.. ...n.....lI} .It,,,linin ;,cui".
c. Thl' ellenn' er",,1 in his
of Ihe r<.'<'ulle";'tin' 110''':'''' ()f Ihe I'. S. u'hl Ihe
.bilit\, 10 l'!'Orj!.niZt' AlIl("ric.1I for ,,"ur
.fl<'r-Ihe cril'I,lillj: 1>10..' ,,-as slruck.1 Ilur
bor. 1111' or til(" r.:-:. to ,Iflll elfl'<:Cli
Ih.. lide of JlIllOI"""'" ."'1111111"-1 ,Illrinj! Ihe til"-l f ...
... IL.....llh.. 1'1I"'1ll\ 10 1'.:-:.
milil ..,. "ol\'lIlial .",1 ';'".bili.ies.. Thi" 1...1.",.
Jl"11 10 ",........ ..n.1 It..r ."'1"111 "" nn,llin.... ()f elMII-
11l11"i....ti",,"" 11,.. r. :-:. ill ., r.".d.I.... 1lft1
.... Ihp "rwlll)' II}' "'lrl'ri"'" .utl UIII'I'I"I... rl'<I for
"y ... lI"e<cti'f dele'L"" or rou"I ... ""lrok.... lor Ih -
""II th.t I", t'Sti"'.I .....1 II ..." I",}olld .\lli.....I I
I>ilities 10 m.,."hal 11.,..1 I'''....r. "hil'pi,,. lrool....
or !'l'pplif-. i" ",,!fieHo"t 10 ""III"h .n}"f-
1......li .... COImt..rolf..,,"i'-.. befo the ","d of 1912.
d.\ I."-}(- mi<ronct'"l",ion hich ..ti ,... ryCO;';lly.
...... tilt' "..my II",k,.......intlllioll 01 th.. fi;:11Iil\
""-1...bil;I; of lilt' Amt'ri("lln mililar, m.n. ..
lbe .nd fie-htill!! lin.lu;f- of t". R lroop".
_.."' ....I. flanK-ul.rl} in II GII.<\.hll.1
and Nrl} :-,"".. GllinN .... i,h til\' I'I"I;UIt
,h.l lIlt' .1.1""_ ... ...1 f" '0 tl_ "llt'r-
alion.....hidl ........ in-lIl6ei..rl' 10 .,oid d..... ...",1
.. (",r""IO .\,......,,1' "Irikille- illll,.(t1Ifion
of thi" ..,,.,m) error .. tIll' ,i.... hl'ld.1 lilt'
nine- of II,.. "ar ,ltllt .1.I.nll.ir fo,"" ......ld m.in_
t.ill tll"'y if ,\Ilied .irpo"l'r did ,101 u..-I
tl",it'>o by tio of Ilion' th.1I 10 to I. 111i5 esti-
m.'f .... Oetol...r 10. ralio of :'\
10 I. bill it is n"l k,;o..-n ..-h.1 1.11'r "ere
m.de ... i,h 1"l"1""'" 10 Ihi,
... .\ tI'CIIrrilll:" f.<1"r ill I I,.. f.ilure, of ,h...1"I...
ne,,/' IQ make .<.'('"..Ie of the lli!".I;on.
..ilh ..... llt'C"I to ,Ill' .. h "r U. :":
foreK. 10 ..... fOllnd in Ih" r.....linp: 1,000'lenll .mollp:
.1111.'_ "ftiC'l't'>o Ilmt Ilwir fon::.-;; w...,. ,bl... 10 in
nici .,.hlli'el, J,:n:'&ter in h.lIle 111ll1I tl... "
... ill"d. In f.cl. Lieutell.nl Oene.. 1 ,hi.. ";.
.\rm.,' Gelle..llle.,lqllRr.
l{'I:.II,ud IlIllltll.'''-'''''' I" "II qlteSlion_
1l."'':?11:1 :-':1"'prlIlJer IIH.i Ihllr i' w"lIlhe "irnl're:8_
In Ih...hpUllf...., A!"IlI.I '1 hili p"rs<mnel 1.-'iI
1111,,-;..d 011 'he U. S. fort-e;j ..... re 1,:'''';''1''1" 'hUll Ollr
O... ,\ 1I0'l"wo!"lh.,' (','''lIIpll' of 'hill wus the
"."I.ght j!i,",,, b)' rhe AI"I1I.\ nlld staIrs jo the
r"h"'lll",,,I) 1""1'(11111 h)' thei, pilolll
RESTRIOf.D
IlESTRICrED
..
,-
,a.
--
,.-
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t:=

m
,.
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... _ u' .. -.. 'Ii



No., An'" .,.,.. n __ 1;.& .._>1-
T.. B''>: 1.--.10""" f:,Ii",o'' U. 8. .I/""".U. SA;, S''''''''. 0' S.orl 9{ 11'0' c_,..._ I. Ac""" p ......
1_.........
10
-")
T.'"U 6.-.lo"".c" Eoli..G'. 9' U. 8. , IODOl , ...,,. GI StGrl 0' ..... 0-"....4 lO _.
PEUONNIL

-
,--
(I) "'-0' o-Il"'''' ( D. '1):
_.. - .
T..m.. . ..
0<> , .....1 ..,"' ....
T _..
0_1.&0 1"'.... _..
m
'.11.. .... .-
' -
' -
..
..... _11 .... _.
..... -...
- - - -
-I
-
0IIl"""
o 0
,e'"
a_

.,.
0-
,.

u ...

T.W..
lUll

_0.

""."

.a'
m . ......"':1

,.-

n." .- .- .-
T.W.....
...
"l'''
,..
.-
,a.
o_d 14'&1 .-
.,.
.-
.. ".,-
.-
,.-
,
JAP lNI1lL

'....,
". Ij1'
.,.

:l,OOl .. '.000
.. m
:k:;:l
.. ooo ....
IUlIo'"

:l.ooo ..U:l



..

..

., l:I " ..... 00(1 ""101
...................
................. =:
......................... '" m I.lQO,lOO !,l'IIlO'
T.,BLI< 3.-J.. ... &1;",010 of u. S. ,Ii. Sr""rh or SJ"./ of 11' Co"P"'''; I.. "clual
AI"PLA"" "ROl>UCTION C"PACITY
JAP
TABLE 4.-J......"'.. F"li",.!, oj U. S. "'oro! Sr'<"i/lh <d sr"" of War C....""r<d fa Adual Figu....
W.RSIllP .."'D "O'U""I'IAtJl
1""1.........,.".,. Doe. <I)
Tuu 2.-Jo""..... &/i_ of U. S. Ai, <II Sloorl.f IVor Co.."".td I.. ArlutJI Pig",..

( F,.. Doe.U:
Rh .
"v ..
C\ l:L
,0... .
T__._ .... _
Shl""
,--
.. J.",,'m...

--
'"
y"' ..... ,_'"

....--
"
.. ..:n.ml
!lY. _
",,-,e!:'-
,;
,
..
'''.0
00.. _.. , ..._. __

mm
88._. __ '.
'"
Jill,'. 2I'.J.
'" '"
,.= m.1M
,-
m m 1."',OliO
l.mllll

,-.. Doe. <l:

DB. __
-


13,.,01
cv...
<;'-..1 IlL::.. _

'"
:t.\UlII
I>D..... __
..

_m

SII__ _
..__.... _...--
m m -,.
,. ,.
,'III..... a.
T.......__
on :I. 17t. "'"
,a.
RESTRICTED
"
lAP INTEL
RESTRICTED
I........ith,n ..... I' .......
.\tI,"inl. inirh.. IIwB dUff .., ., ..
t:","tl:>l>olIJ.>oI Inl"'"'....'_ 11-4. II." Itt'
T.kal h,. '''''n on the: ... of dlt _
A,r FI"", (r R,..; Inl"''''If''li<mll it-S. 6). tIMr&
,J.p."':.... ""re .Iole ,,, ....'mlll<'l>t:e ' ....i. att.:b
,m .mlf:d .. ,110 Ilnt1icaU, nMl ...
fonn."',n III th" -e,.,.,-,h .nd di.LX-1ion of
,\,,,."';""/1 .i.. f"""'" In I.uz"..,. .... --.
,".,_...... 11t#l,. lilt So......
bet- 11fJtU<! MO ,ob"", in I"" 1.alnoI ...
fao:1u.lly 'I ,.1,,'.1 ,.f n .. I'''nm
(lo--t .....' l". a,r 11\11 ..-.1l"4aou.lll ....
roml,1i 1",,1. """'1of II 1.1 Looinll' ,IN.:o.-..cl
'''' (I n... J.p.,_ ha'i ."lir'l"-ted
foOl, n.,-k_ I,.. 11---1,. ,,,' 1A,k fto""" .. hf'n
it .1."" ",ill"_ "II' .h"..... I>", ""II""j.! .... ,.......
11"., ".'1"'-''''1. 'n,.. "'.'" I'" of Ill...1'I,n..d,i,'Il'
1\..,-.1 ,....,.".0'<1 110 .ir .n.,-k: llt.....'..r, """ hllhl
crtI,;<>".1 ... "'... d t , "."1 '0 ""-10
"'10.. ill ' 1.:. ,,,,,", ,n .,.
.Itack.
... Tbr J.I.. _('o....... ."" 'il-"'-IM lu' l- ...
""",I fort'e'- III t"" I'L,IoI'I""'" .........."" ix. f
1k"">1 '0 """a'llClIi"",,
F....I...h,..1t .0l'llOI'I.....1II... ,hru_l. ...IlI' of
,'ice .\dmi ..l :,hi"1{"I" IIlI,,",'!Z.lion.
l ."d C.lHai" Flljitft, II"." .1..., " Fleel
",,,tl "llk..]" (l':-<SB:, \;,-11 <li",l_
110.1 Ihe pl."" for I"" OttIII-..t"OIl "f II", "hilll'_
lIin ".1 tl... E.", h"h "" ,\., .....
_ "_I "n ,"" lhat 1ht-I'HrIU -
00r .n....k .00l'" nentnli... 1Mr '. hi .. nkiflJ!
1'0...... for ""'rral -..tb,.. 'J1loo... f.... ,I"...n"...
o.."nolion ....' 1'10.""""'" f, .... ilurrird """'I """Ill
I fo", lit. l' ;-,. CO<II<l _N,.I 'l> .uilo.loII- ...,
--t '!-'111 .1ll1 _,rib in I"" r.nfit. I' .. "U1ma
ri f"........ III ,I......... bOIl"H.r.tI.,k",1 ..i,h
"'II"r lInd i"Aieli'd .,...iou_ 10......... "" lI".ir .h 'PI'II1I1
as Ihe .IMp."eo<' h.d UIIl'M",I.
6. &1,1.. of MiJu.)'
'f1Mo I.nl<> of \I"I ...... not.bk> ... I)C.
ea;;01\ ..iIt I' :-, inlrllol.'t',,", .....,..mll'llC lilt ..n
_ 'I .->or ". the _y'. CUll-
I "- ,10"" .1.....h"l'
ort!Iln 1 -I>k>y f, .nd
..,b;.- ,.,.,.........f tkoc' "e ''''I'''''''Il(Ot
lo. Th,. .. e--li",.,,,,l th.1 lhoe in"..101'1.0.,,-
tion III h,_,,11 .-oul.1 .."'... frUln. 10.",1-1.'<'<1

n.
".
n.
."
"".
" .
n
,"
'.-
- -

...
...
'-
.-
'"
m __<\b_
h. The did IIot "'1',.."tll", ntt"ekolll'l".r1
11al'l.". dn" I" II... r"et tlool the;r im"llil:"'''''' on
,I,, ,"""ullB ...". not ..nlh.....1 and "... Iual.t! UI'ld
:I .f'er llll! .ttack. It .... bf'lie"M.
i"j.! 10 C.I,t.in F,\Cbi,1o. (l':-.":U" Inletn'1!lIlO\1
113-21, Ih"l b.,' Ih., lime 11"' ",,1.1 lor "",".
fo........1 .i,1o 1."d."!<e<1 1,1., f n "],1'..-10"""....
"'1'11 ." b,. ollr rarri",.." .... ich ."''11' 01 _ It lilt'
li"'e of II", .!lack. Ihe ri.k ..-... ..,.",i<ll"rrd
to" l!re"t.
i, :\'0 I,holoj.!'lll'hie or ......,,,n,,.i,,,,,,,,,
11"""" """I" II fte" 1h" "Illlck fr til.. 1""'1""'" or u,
the dnlll"!-"'. Hoel" th"t """ "1<-,,,,,,,, "f
liJ!hl aircrnft "'u8 ord"red, "1'011 ""IllI,I"lion "f it.
.ttllck ",ission, 10 ,,81011" "" I-.-ibll- .,1<1
.....,,11$.
S. Ou-up41ioll of lin Phi/ippillu
. Th" op"nol;"'", .p'll-<t tb. l'!lili,..
pint'S at ,he of II...'1" "''''I ...-i'h l"Iltll-
1'0111li""I., tarl)' .nd l'("(lllomieal .!-"lll.
tn f.;,.I1 "",,,pi,'''' illlt'lliL'elll"t' t'O"('t' ....'lllj! .\11,...1
f,,,',",,; ';'lIid, P"'ll,itt ..1
"inj.:. (.'Ou['I ...1 wilh th... ele"'""t .of ... "rl'rH,e. .11,,,
.J""",,_ ""Ii",nt" of th" .it".noll "' Ihe Phd'll-
pines "-as fo""d I" b.. I"OrreC1.1
tlltHlj!h U. So. I.'",lllltl f"....." lI..inl.",rd oop'''1!*<1
....... i_I.. It",!-..... th.n II", ,'.1.'- had """""-
1"1"'1. . . _
h. The lie, 10 Il 1/o.. I'I"hl'l""" "I>t'!"-
ftli.." ..s 1,1.;",...1 .. 'hf. ""...,,,ion of ,h.. n",.,.)OI1
nf Ih" Il'h .\ir FIH>1. ba......I," FOr1'lO:'&--l1....".
"ihilol;on of A,,,eric.nair.ln"'j.'1lllll 110... 1'1111011-
..,.....-
__It_
..... --,.., .. _1
m.j<;r uni,- f'Xpe(,,,,IIO be in Ioarbo.... nd 'lrith
lit... berthing ."'!._ of minor t11111- ftlld ftlUC,h.rie:s.
Simil .... int"lhge' ....... roll("fMli"j.! ship SllCllo....
1t
"'-
('han, for .il'(',...ft lO....1'I'<.lo af,',,,n,,1 '1I{'('ifk.:\
lar/-'1'ts. nnd dRi. on 110nol,,11I ""dio fnlCIU""ci...
w,,''e f""",1 in ('n,,,I,,,1 planes ('in('PacCill.
CPO.\ 1"1,,llil:ence 1_2'2.8 Dec "I).
,I. Thc h"III",'"f Ihe fi,.", "Ih,(killj.! Ilij.!hl. ('''I;''
t"i" Fll('hid". hll' r"I",rlPtI tloe cHef,,1 IlnI''''.
li"ns ,,h;..h fur Ih,' Nf'>cli,'",,,,,, "f 11",
"u"ck trs..";lIS Inll"rrog"I,O{\ too). The nHllck.
illj.! pilot_ ..-....... brier...1on:!:J :"",..."'l". ... :\ 1>...""".
I...r. , Deo;..,,,,l,,.r ,,,,,\., ft final ",,,.iOIl -21",,,,..,.1..
f"n"lhe an.,'k lJnl'ln..,..",hrr Ii"... )..\1
the IJrl"fi"l:" Ih" p..i"r l" 11,, "ullck. tlw I"(',i"..,)
''-limal'' "f lh.. ",.jo.. lI"ils at 1'1""1"1 w"s .n
l1u",,,,...1 """"'1"""'. i h,lIlll,.hiIlS, "lid i .'rlli,.
,""'. A,I""II, tl",,',' wen' h,,"I""hip-, "nd 8
,r"i ...'t"S.\1 II,,' fi",d 1"i,,li"l!. Ihe We'll
Ili,'." ",i"'I"'j!"'I'I'1'\1 indi'llli"j.:-with
;"'lll...... in """,I """'." .,,,1 ""h s"u"I"lllilll .l'ell
mcy-t1... ImJ",ble po",ilioll5 "f 110.. w.....hip,.
1lf'r!I,...1 aNlll,d Fonl 1,1""d .n.1 :tt ,h..
\'.nl. .\ 'H,I.".. reo:'UlIM'._'''''' lIi;.d,t 1,..-1,,<1
till! au"ck 10 tlt"ll"rm'"'' whelllt', Ih...
.\",,,,k.,, n....1 ".._ ill Ih.. h.r....r "",I '''l'on",1 10
lh.. of till" fi""l "nnck f1ij.:hl in the Ih"l
Kurh wn. II... "ill"" i"".
", Th" 1',.,,1"1 11""I:ll!" nllm'k wus 1'1"",,(',1 ""
Ihe \"'8i8 11",1 it .h"old d"pl'i,'" ou,' Ib'l "f ib
..iking lX>w,,]" fur "bo"l :l1O 6 I" .inki,,!!
or d,"nnuing- 4 b.nll .... hil>$ ""d "irenlft
curi..!'$. TI"._ 'us .. to gi litO': JI\I'.n_
tltfinil .. ."p.....IIl"..J fnr ,ftirie"t ,i_
10 Ilf'nnil 1"".... of II,.. in Ih" I'.eifi....
A.i.tic lM'for-o. II... t". :'. oould mohili:r.e il.
",allllO,.-..r ."d iuun"'"' ",,<I HlotllU .11" .. lfl'ct;'e
roullIeruffe",i,". Ix-I,;i\" "f ,hi_< llh''';linj.! hue
I.",, di""u"-,,.. I b.,' FIt..,1 .\,I",i",l (USiSllS
Inl ...rOfl'''li"" (','I'I"i" Fnchidll (IJSSII-"
I "'errol:"li"" r.o:l-6) 11",11.\, th,. "hipf ,".. n,,," on
Ill" "f Ci,,C Comb;",..1 Flef'1 '(CinCI'A("
CinCI'OA W kl_, Inl"lIi!->e",, 1-2'2. R 1M' H).
f. The ,hI.. ' ""ere 1""lllIn..1tn 10>\' ollelhinl
of lh...ir I_nitil..lin;! lIuil> ill Ill", lbrbor
.1I.ck : dIe 0051 .. ., 2!.l1'1."t'!!. 1 fk!otI.t
,lIll11tSrill", .lId {, mid{.'t.1
j.:. TIle lin.' "",im.te "f tl", JlIf>!<nt'5t. :\,.n
l
/;""..,..,,1 St"A tu i"llict..1 On th" ,\",..ri
l"" fort&!. bO'i<'1 Oil 10 pllot.-'j.:"lll'hs ,.ken hy
JAP IN'TIt
IlESllUCTED
4. Pe_/ H.r/xJr /tltM!
II. 'nil:' .. of t .... J.plllll'"<i'
011 PHd lI.rbor .... ,It", to ea,,flll 1,I.nning
ba"ed uJI'0" ""-1"1,. il11"lh!-,,tWt'., lO lb"
I"""iti"n. 1l1Onm"nt., s",1 uf e. S. forces
in the '"1's.
b. 10 Be., .\,llIliI1Ll T"lIIi"ks of the
;>;"",,1 n"llt'rsl ""d FI,..,t A,llllirsl :\'"g'.\1H>,
{'hief "f tl... G"II"nl I"t.1f amllat"r I""pr"u", :-0
.-.1 .\,h-i...,r to the E"'p"".r. the Ja"all_ :\'"....1
(;"II"tal N.1f h.,l infurm.lion lh8l II l. S.
01'''1'':0100 from Tn",.d.)"
Frida,.. no",.. IIll" I'"ul ll.rb(,r fur the
...O't"k ..",I.nd ,.-." .In" ,,, IJt> in l'eullJ,orbur Ihe
rO't"k ..nd "f i o.-mbtor
:J:>:,-'. 49 9). :\IOI\'()",r. ,,11",,'1"1 ....1;Qrt
lh"t ,'" .\" ric"" ,.,.di" 1""".1"""1 "n e;lh.... :I "I""
lko:.\""I",,ll).l1 s'''ted wh,d, ""il".I)\' ''''''''",.lI"e...
b,,-,,<-,1 "I 1'''''1''1 J-l"r!Jor "",ltl"l1 inf"n"",iu"
.. 10 the J",,"''''...... I",k
...n Nlll" lO .!I.ck.
(I) :\,,, "'-"'-'On.! of uch Ion.. <1,.. >4 ,i. 0010
merei.1 ....dioMIIll". fou",1. '<.'Onlinj.! lu th.. F.....I
fl"Ill ('"mmunicat'''''' Co",,,,i.,,i,..,....-loi,ch I,.,
Studi"d ,h... m.n..r ., 1I-11!-'1h. On d,l" l>a!!is of
infonnnli",' j!inn the FCC ,n the ",..k, jUSl I,rior
to Ih" P"ad 1larbor atta"k Ih"t Ihe Jll"n,.- h.d
8e1 III' " l....l\' to 11",-' " ""'''"l .d" 0" "
H"waiilln cOlllllwrcial hillti"" ll8 '"' dul'''
f",' inf"rmation On 1.:. is. n""sl lI"its 10
thl" pr"g-....'" ill CJII."-liOIl
loonit"rf<l. bill no !lot' "f 11", oode "-b "noo'er1lll.
Ln ...ie.. "f tl ... numHOU;o ,.."'''-''''' n.il.blt 10
I""n for such infonn.liOll I'rior 10 i
1!H1. it ;,. nOl 10 be d''''b1ed ,h.l l'... inl"lligence
b.\ .\dmi.... T..",ioka a"d ....
in IMir h.nd", no mlUtr ,,h.t the chnlllll:'b.
c. 1".. J.I",n_ had I 1.'"1;"" ."""'''1 "f del ailed
infor"'alio" oo'lt,rni"J! l'. fl'.1 ""i,;;. "ir
Sl"'!ngth. ""d Olher ill>I"Il"li"'I. "I Pe,"'1
!-Inrbor which "'"s pill I" i" Ih" """.
pri5e lItta('k. ,\fler t1 ... n,i,1. e.. .I"pllll!'a'
pla"e!; .nd h8eh..... l lIlulj..'e1 ... ,-i"ld.....1
.nnou,,,,1 eI,.n", ."d OIber dOCII"lelll-" "'I;i"h I!I't
forth Ih.. situ.lion i" ."""nlle del.il.
(I) n ... mid26 <ubmarin" h.d 01' 00-....1. U. S.
;>; ... lI"dI"Op'llF"'" chan .-111..1> h.d
uSO'tI Ill;. ' ....ck d .." for lite _"b', illlNltl",l,tansi'
of tl... h.rho... II ,,.s ."n"'''t",l..-il11 ,1"'ail",I"",.
d"lI'. ,.-ilh Ihl" "'Ul'..... ",,,I 1"""'0"8 of
RESllUCfED
RESTRICfI:1)
of 10112- 11Id pllneslnd 200 Ilmi.
bIl-I fighter;<. loxording to 2 oftieers ,,-lio
I.. in the mi;o;;ion--CBpt.in FllChid then air
jmlIlp coolJll.ndl'r of the C\" .U"9" \ USSBS In
ternlj.. ..tioll 003-1,-.) .nd C.pt.in Wat.n.be. thl'n
..... Flfet In
tl'rT'Option 6->-4). It..-a;;; not upKud th.t 01)-
I_ition from I nl...1u;;k foro:e .nd carrin..b..!;e(1
pl.n" ..-oold be e'KVUDte.-.d until tile Ihir.:! or
fOlll1h aflO'r tla initill lu.ek.
c.\8 it develol"ed, the coordin.led .ir .uack!!
b)' I'. R l.nd.b..,;e,J consi<ling of tot multi
1,1., . {; 10'"1'1'.10 1,1.""", Ind 62 Iir.:hten!,
.",1 the planl1:l! of llwo 3 .\merican carriers in the
.reI. illllkted I .......tl., def..aton th.. Japln_ na'").
FCHJr carriers (/{"glJ., .U/Ifli, .nd Sory"j
nd Oil.. cnli;;er (.Ilihmo) were sunk. Thi!
dl'pri\"eU th"ir t.sk force of its lir Rupport and
cau'ie\llbIlndonment of their llttemptlO lleize Mid
.....y .... ilh Innding fon:e$.
7. Sololllo"s Clllllf",igIlS
a, Se,.,ral i1l1 porlllnt llliS<)onet'pt iOIlR'''' Ihe I'll r'
of tho Jap"lIe:!e '""'Specting U. S, and ca
l>abililiell ......,.e ill larj,'" p.rt for Ihe
of lit.. oounterolfen,i\".. tllO"" throu/:,h Ih..
SolomonR .re. which m.rked lhe Allied 11'1I118i.
lioll from the defl'll!i\".. to th6 offenfli,'e.
b. Th.. JII)IIner.e SUIII' opinion ,,'&5 to Ih.. effect
tht. du.. to U. S. :'i....11_.t Pearl H.rbor
nd heu-y shil'l'ing 10IIlleS in lbe .\lllnlic, the U. S.
"'CHJld be un.ble to SUSt.in najor 0lwo...lion
bdore tbe end of 1942. TIle .\merican IhmOl into
lhe Sololllol\ll in lhe Quad.kan.1 I" iu .\llguOl
19-12 caup-hl the J.I"'- b)' COD11'lete surpr;l!Ie .1
lime ..hen uUI,repsrt'd 10 def..nd or
m01l1ll ..
c. Afler lbe IiJSl, Americau I.ndin"" Io.d been
made .1 Quadllean.1. .'.1"'- intellil:mO! ..rred
as to th.. MrenjJIh of the f"ret>- that
hid I.Tldett rellOrling there ..-tre Ies8 IhBn 100
lrool>- in the ol'.....lion ...hereas more Ih.n 19p:lO
troollll _1"1' in'ohed. including th.. 1M M.riTl" Oi-
"i"iol1 ...;110 l..rI (If lbe 2tI )I.rine DivisIOn ."d 2
.\nuJ baltalion!!, TIle J./n_ .\rmJ !lUlf .Iro
mad" the errOr of bu;llg e.tim.ted lroop t'1!quire.
m.. nl for recapturing these poliitiotl! on Iheir eJl.
p..riellCt'll ,";th the Chin<elle am] "'ilh the Urili!!h
in Ih.. Mal.,.n e.mpai!:n,
d. U a resuh of these erronoou! al"
RF.5TRICTf.O [02
JAP INTEL
ptlli;slsof t'. S. j;\ and f.pabilities, th{lJ.p.
ant'Se madll !ll'nr1l1 to J'KlIllture GUI"al.
can.1 ...itl> insttfficienl, fOreell which were destro,'ec!
;11 turl1. TI,_ t1lule...."ti,,,.tl'f! of U. Slrel1J,,'1h
..ere rtSponsible for .\men<.'lln fol'Oell the
"itll Ol,portu"i",to "....11".11)" 51rellj::lhen their p0-
sitions. In ,\uS''''t. Ih.. J.I_t_ aueml'ted the
rKBlItU of Gllad.le.n.' ""ith one battalion,
,,-hieh s ...iped Ottl. I" Sel>lt'mber, .n unsuc
""""ftll.-ult ...as m.tle with 3 bBtt.lions. When
the)" .Ill'tl'hended th.. inc""."" in C. S. Mrenj!ll!,.
joint AmlY .nd assault u;;mg
29.000 troops (2 di"iRiona) ..u Ill.nn..d fO'!" 21 Oc
tober, whit'h w., def.... <1""",i'-el,' in the litter
1)IIl'1. of Ihlt mOl1th. S"'-Iueut .Uemllt.R were
lilre.... ise in..ffKli ..... nd G".dalCt\".1 ....s .....eu.
led the. etl""'J in J.nu.r)" 19-13.
e. A.s ... con;;equ.. of Ihe.ir eorl)' lu,deN'S,i",o.
Ii"" of U, S. 51renglh, Ih" Jnp.ne.se air and 111\\.1
power ....s flubslalll i.lly weakened 11)' lOS61'S inettr
red in the serie! of commitlllents of for.
ces used in ineffec'i,\, cOll"tCt'lIl111Cks. The best
Jllp"nc;;e cllnjer lIir groups were S1lbslanli"l1y
Wipll(l Ollt as unilS ill ,hllll<' I,elio",,; the long series
of nllnl actions i;C,ioll.lr cut. (lOll'" their warship
strength in 1111 catcj,.'Ori ../I. Trnnsport shipping
losse;; resulted in. ShOl1aj;!Ollhlt CUr
their oJlt'l'lIllions. not (111)' in the Sololllotls
:'iew Guinere., but I.te' in oth",. .reas .s \\"1'11.
f. Th.. of this l>()Qrly con""i...,(1 plln of
01'..... liot1fl ill th.. Solom01ls ,,-ere far ....
Th6 ';l1u.1 destr1lction of the. carri..r .ir group
strellji!th....hieh in :S-o'... 1943 had '-.n 101,,",
b)" lhe. Cornbined Jo'II't'I (lhell t-!led .t Truk) for
... tionl! oot of R.i.-ul. tt'lldetl'd the ia
ClI..ble of Ihe Jll>allt'!ie JlO!litiollS il
.nd }11r.;hBlls eillwor by fteoel .etiol
or ..ilh .djU&te lir furce'!. Sukequent .UIWd
mo,... inlO Ih.. )I.ri.nBS .nd Philippines ore"
m.d.. befo.... Ill")" co"ld rel,I."" 1_.c1equ.telr.
TI... fou ltuJ a pt.. el:1 "PO'" Ille Ori"
all ""'r ,t,.ug/It a",/ C/lJ'Ubilitic. 01
yMclt ,lte ICIU aCr'('r fJMe If) f'eC&I:N'.
( 1Ir<,"t';! Oil ,'.I>aUe;,e 1'IltiStti of d'e Solomt'
,,"ere S1l1lements b)" CIt"t"in
chief of suff nf th.. FI....t BUtl in
of opeutional I'llI'll1ing for the Solomon;
arell 19-12-43 (USSUS Iliterroglilion 1ll2-2); Cw
tnin Yamamoto. then On tll., st/llT of DesHon 9
(ussns Tnterroglltiona '1I}7-2 10)' Vice Admiral
" I
JAP INTEL
Fttkudom... then chief of 111.nnin 011
SllIff (USSllS 1I1te""'llBtiOllS !be 0e0waJ
II). ItIll '''eule''.''1 Uerleral II, 2G, 62H: f,
""ff of th.. 17th .-\rnIJ It Gu dllef of
(t'S3IlS 497-3.
1
11&1. lilk,
8. Ce"t,.J PMi{ic e-.p.;,..
a. In th.. l;Unm>er of 1943 J I
II d
. , mperittl
q',.I1...... Ih.t t"" .'uneritoan tluMt
from t III NSI. ..mild he ,timaril, I.
. . I ...n IChon.
n ...y ....... rna.... !!traigbt &C1'Oi:tI lilt' Vtl.
tral P.c,fie: ...... from the 1I.....il." I II"doI II)
JI>l1I .. Ihe IllOIil proh.ble Ind 100\1 fonnidlble
th..... t, .ud full _Ie fleet acIion 1rU mrWoojef<'
.\ mo"" fr()m the _th into the easlern C,roh'-:
M.l'llhalls ...... "'as t:<1nsidered the _d llI08l
I'rol..b.le threat. .\ Ih""!t from Ih...\Ielllia"" into
1I0kknllio ,,.s oonsitlered leRst likel,..
11. J "1)11 nese na"sl policr It II;is tilllt' "'11 to
o:u,,: II deeisil'e linnl engagement .-it h th.. Amer.
iClln earlr liS possibl{l duritl$( 1(1.4.', 'Iller
estillll,'ed thllt Ihe.l ...."uld hn..e a illJ-t,(I chalICe of
willning. It wns IItiticipnt.ed that if the ("ombi"...1
VINoI \\".. k"pt c<J"<:ent,,,ted ot Truk, the .\"'I'ri.
c'ln fll,.;t woul<le,entuall.l' mO"e illto thu .N...lltl
.n "I'portunil)" for desil'l'<l <1eei.i'e

r. :'ieRr the end of September 1m, .\d'lIi...1
... C-inC of Ihe Combined Flf.ott. rKei"ed in.
fonnllion Utat lin .\l1Ierican 'a._k fo,,", .'11 Ill-
l'.....chi,,!:" Ih.. }larshalls ....... TI", Combined
Flfel ...u I'ttt in tl'.di_.t Tl'1Ik ... ilh Ihe object
of inlet'tt'IJli,, the American IN force in de-
ei.i," ellj::.(,><:lmelll. In Ott"""r il ""'I/l1IlIl
.ntieil>ated th.t.n .\nlt'riean fo nlO'"
inj:: oorth into the llorsl..11s I 00 tlw ....i"
'''11 of II", Co",bilWd ....' mored to
tok ill hopetl of the desired bllIMo. n.e nl""'.ken
iufom,uion lcadil\il" to 111_ lIlO"'" ...ti rK't'ired
Combined Fleet hndqU.rl.eN from
ill nch ill5t.lIa'. The,;oorce of I"" i"formation
"-Ill nnC kilO"'".
d. TIle lelUlll". S. n"..-e inlo lhe Gilbert._ ......
WI! rt"'eRlf<1 OIl tlte dl\'. t..,.k fOl'l'f' ,Iruck
16 l\O"elllber 19-13: ..hen th.. JaJl'lllf'<'
llI"arch 1'1'1""" OIlL of l\,llrll di.;;ro,-ered Ihe I'.. S,
fOn:"t:!l mO"illg in for Ih.. nttlrk. Fun....r _t,.lk...
.ltd Ihe Inndinp II Tara"', Ind llaki" follo...ed
<It"'in$( IheN'sui"g" dl)"!.
e. BJ Ihl! time thllt thl! U, S. n'o....'$ W..... midI'
inlo
lbeGi
!*'..
.... __ ...;.......
1'''''", .....BJ.,....... ia ....
.... DOC COlUIlom!o:I ..aotioII ...
",.U, niB .. 01. 10 lid ...
...
boen nl1uall,. i. tIM' Iud ......
1__: of cam.,. .'r polIp$ .. &f a.a-a.
JI'I",,",I.,I, In oortneol1o<l11 1rilh oar &a.piariIIB
in S"01'ftD'- 1H.1. n... ..
llfeDlt'd IMaJl'lWe of aline. _iur iooo with-
OUIIIl1.ir .nn.
f. After !be Iaooin,r<l inlhp Glllrto in X__
1&4.', lilt , Nilllll'e by the J,,,,,-,, Com.
b,ned Fleet thBI lhe ne"t American man
"ould _ lihl,. be ;n'o Ihe .v lk n.e
l". R cam.. r l&>k fo,", ,;trike 011 K j,Jein oa
n,.".mber 1&4.' "uIn indi<-at ion of thltl. A eeo:ond
I_ibility ..." more into the Caro-
in tile ..... ie I ..... The third po&-
"lbtlny con.,derl'd I direct Iltru.t II Truk.
.-hi"h \\"1$ llot belie'-I'd likel)'. IIn"Her, the n.
Krt intent of Ihe .... 110<
Illlti! the lfl h.U,,'SiI!uh romo",lIced on
Irr 19-14. It u no< Ullo'<1!'d thlt .. e "'O<lld "'>ike
at tl bN" of thp 11.Nlol\s ."d t.ke
K....j .....in ti"'e did. bill tlla' o<""r i>l,n!b 011 tbe
pPriphery' 1I"OIIId be tak.... Ii.....
on J'I"_ J>b- of the Cent ..1
I'ao:-ilic eI-DlJlap .-et!' In- '-ire Ad.
miral Fukudoone. miPf (of <til of COlQbiMd
in 19o13-H (l:o-'Il.'" IDtnTOjllltioft. 5OS-19.
i'.I. 21. i!6.:r.. .lo2.f--f. fl: e-nder :'iabjima..
Combined flwt in"'U""",,, o6rft- 1N-1-l.lo
C.pllill 0Im.e.
"'of <6N of ,be I'" Mo>biMo i:n 1H3-U
,("&oDS IlU"""'P'"* .nd C..--.TIder
ll.t."lIIII'II, <Ut .......r of Ilr ..... in IH:!-
-14 Inul'TOT:ll!d_ 123-:!..3J.)
9.,m-...... c._p.i,.
...\fler.\merica.n f had n1ll1ured!he .\<1.
mirah.. 1,J.ntl... i' .1' " to h.,'" bHa the con
......._oflheJlpo._ ",.If,loIt lhP ,t A_rican
off....i .... in ,lIP """,,,em Pat-,Ik ould come
in '\I,til or )lly IfB In tlll.,n.."la,,", the .mit'i
Ilation of tlte ne:ll I'. K n"'......... "" the
IClion in Jun......illt
opel'l,ion in-ured b.v,i.tory ill the Battle of the
l'hilil'pine Seoo, June.
RESTRICTED
RSTRICTED
h. h "n. IhOlll!h. Ilml Ihp obj...... i ... would
...illw, p"hll 'II' lh, .\I""i",m-. w;lh I'lIhll' Ih,'
n""., lik.. I.,. P"h," WIS {'x
1_.1'11 10 he from I'ilhl'r lhl' .\,Imi
..Il;.e.. or X{'... Guinn. The .he"",I;'1' e;>ti"1lI1e
...... h. the "'OI,ld be ,lincth' .l'"nI>- IIIl'
('t'nt ..1 Pacilic fn,,,, ,he ... _t lind III the
)["ri"I1I1_. "ilh :"<11;I'"n Ihe 111""1 hkrl)' fil'!jt
ol.j''C1 i..... The h,lt"n"t jm" I pro"ed 10 h(' (urn(I.
l'". Tit.. oI"fell"" "l>1"I"I;(,n pIll" (.\Go I,l"n)
.. hirh "'11' ;!(',-i ..... I, .. ("OIJnll'r Ih.. "utiril"'I";! n(''<l
1'. l". IhnH ill II.... I'...ifi<. ('Otl1empl"I...1 lh.l il
"<>l,M be ",...01;1111,. na..1 O'......dl'on. ufoI'll1",1
I.,. ...... rri<:'r u,k f"n'l' "n,1 "" f",,",.
TI,t' .I"p,,,,,.... pit", I'(Hnmtlt('(1 d",ir tll"in 11.'1'1
'II1'H/-"h th " d.... .. IIlll',,1 I'HI!").!I'..",m ill the
l'),ilipl'in.....-I'"lall "1Vl'. Im.....1 "II lhe heli,'f llt"l
d'e .\",..rie-An mo'l' "-0111,1 he fro", the .\dmi",l.
ti(.XI''' Guillea oIilW1:lOll to I'alau. '111l' Ill."
.1... ,.1,0.. 1' ....1'. rQutrml,lal",,1 th.. ",.. of lh.. t\etot ill
11.1' Hl'"nt Ihllt thr .'''lUll .in,... I"t th.. )llIri
I:otl'" mOllili",1 10 pro,id, f"r" nn,,,1
I...tw"'"'" II... Philippi"\,, ""<Ill,,,
..-h" .. il l_hm\, apl'''''''1I1 .hlll wOllld
be .imN! nl lhe
1. J"'.n..... e--li"'"t ......-hirh h.,1' been un
("{>'-I'-' 10 Ih.. ;4n'ugth of .\mrri....n fol'CP'
likel}' 10 be 1'1ll1'10}'l'd In th,- )I"ri.u.q ol'....... ion
"''I' limitrd to th,' rxp",,;ted ,arri..r sHenglh i" lhe
.." 'Tier I,,,k '1'1",<1' ,'>1 illmles of "n "".
(-lIral .. d",raettr. nln!!itll! f,,,,,n 11_1;; ' ... rri.......
..h Ih .-ri..r t"..k fon...C1I1.II" oou,.i..,..<1
"f 14 rrir indudill,!! h,d..,,..I;denl.. d ..-!"

{:::ou....... on Jap.. ne..--e of 'he
l'"mpa;:111 d"""ril 1,,"'-"-I' w..re stutl'lH"tllS \'" .\d.
mi .... 1 '1'0.1""[,'. Ci (' of the Co",l>ill,'(1 in
I(lH-l5 1I1tern,!!"lion.. :111>-6. 7): \'iee
.\dmirat Quo..... C;,,C of Ih.. neel t...k iu
.11l' Ihul.. uf Ih.. I'hilip"in.. :.::e.. 'ttl..r.
:t'>__1. 3. .nd ('.,Il.in Ohm.... ,l.ff
olli....r of Ihe l.ot FII'I'I Dud lh.. :Ird FIO'I'I
(I.::-:;':BS 11I1('rr<",:-"lion IIl_1).)
e.. il ..houl<ll", tlot,'d Ih"t in ;\I"t'('h
19H tl,.. J.I",ne;;e Sn.1 Gene",1 ."utl' ..-as in IJoo>..
.....-.,0/, of intelliCl!11Ct': of " ",Ih.. room.
nIIllI!'!' _n,i"l! I.... ol'J,... niuuions.
of t".:,..\rn,,. ."d S.,"
. I" 1m X.... I Ge"e.... 1Slaff
'''''lied" prntl..d rep0rl (-'()"{"'i"g lhelle ""mel'll Dnd
RESTRJCT'ED
"
JAP INTu
rf>IJI......nliu).! 'I "J"th(ri;i.. of iutl'lIijrellt"t
,,,,t'k; ;1 ,,""S IntI'" .."plttr,..] "" Sl1ip,m (Cinei'ae.
('ill CPO.\ It ..tIl ....e ,,1"0 p";!(' UO or l!li,
1'I'1,,,rt). Thi. illf(ll'Ilalion nl hUlUl whell
.I.p,,"_ fOI"'lHu1a11'(1 their AGo for
d,.. deten"" ..f lhl' 1',,1.,,)lari.nJOS ......... I-:um.
;"',Iion of lhi. docum""l ..... <"111.. tl"'1 "I thl' li",1'
"f it< di,lrih"tion. u'lleh of the illfonnlllion Willi
'"e,h. itt lind
,",,,,), delRilNI Ih"tt ,tti!!),! hll\"l' lJ,.,.1I ex
IJI'("led. Bhhou).!h il ronbin, " ."'''Hlll of
.....r ."d 'I_ulalion. It. >0('<)111' ..
.... .ir in alllheatr!'>'.
(I) 11,1' .....p"r1 <I'..... rilJl'S nndroll>lllnlld
o"j!II"i"nlio" of .10" .\1''''.1" .\ir For<'!'iI top 'Ottl
1I,,,ml "lid tll/' C"'I,lo.l""""I. lIlId ,"'.
l!"tt;""li"" of ,"d, force. III """'I
lh.. mnll ...."" "f II". ;u each "ir fo"-,",, eo",
"'.'HI do"" 10 11,,,1 ."" oI.... ,J:.
".Ied....;th lht Inlt "l lI"wII by ....,1, squlld.
,..-." """.11.,' "'"e<1 e....ll i" rllany ..n.....
to .h,' lIIodilit'"lioll letll'rs. Th ,,,,ntl,,,,, of p'''Ill'>!
f", end, ,mit is hy 1"" lYl'i",,1
t :rbi" of 'W).!" II illli i'lll. toj::,t 1",1' wit h a ""I""'DIe ,,,,.
ti",all' of Ih(' lot.1 1.lnlle, for ea<:h .ir fol't'r.
$r,,,,,, infon".Iio" to ba"". uSot(L ...... of 01'......
Ii",,'!'. and dll' ....ni"'.ir Sltl'llOrt."d tl1lllSl>ot1
....tr",.,II1,ls i. in<:luol"oI in Ih,' "",;e- of "'''''I "ir
f,,,..,,o;;. E"dt IIiI' fo...'I' or;::-"";""I;OIl is i,,"
""I""we churt. with "c""tt'Il"".'"i,,/!
11,,,1 ""1'1'1"111"'11"", n;",,,rh.
(2) 11... o.. of lJ ... .....1 Pa..ilic
"a,..1 .ir "OIlI .. .nd ,..f,o..-" in I
eh.n. Ihis i"rorl1llllion i$ !O"",,,h.,
,k,leh., nlld ;1l1""11.,'t... '1'1,.. eliI'm)" WIIS "",,,",
"r II..., of pll4Y's (Lil>e,tllOl'S) b,
11.1' ;\"".1' 'II the I""'ilic f",- 1"11"01 ,,,,d "uMk
"'-""Ili,,!!. 1",...1'1., $IlI'PIHnI iUJ: lJoalS. "nd
1"" Ihl' f."1 lh.I ".",,1 ""/Ilion "as rel,l"d",
.nlly .ir fo....." for IJCllr..1. ('011\0" -:ort ."d .,,1I.
uum.rilll' m;"s'o"s. :0;.".1 tnt;lli .... "gll... patrol
ootnllland,. Fled ,\ir I ,,,,,12. \l"('n; k""n
In It""e bt... " itt the .so"lh PllcHic "lid
Illlw"jiatt I>'",,,S "("IM"'li""I,' "111,,,,, .. 1. iurli,i,lu.1
"1"U,h"(JH ""';I!III'Wlll, were' ;'Ol kno:'II. excel'Iin1
1I".o!'e op.. fn'ttl AUSI",lih.
_(
3
) .\ liM of I.:. .R "ircraft ClIrri.. rs i$!!eI. fot1.
..-tlh dt':,er'jllions Iml eharts <;Ill''''''
"-1",lro,, or).!"niZltion8 tlll,l ''SIimllh''ll of IIll't'
pIn ttl' TI'e 1''''''ltHem of Ihe U. S.
JAP INTfL
10. PIHIi/JlliwI u.,.,.
. . r,.l; /:'"._,.._ .lIl IIw of
. 'I""" II.... J"I._ ""'" X oQ .....
filII. ".rt' th.t I"",. f....... Ii ""';1;...) ':'t...lioIIdd
II h " ...... ,ltllio:,,11 h. uni.1 fin.l .....
ea, 11", ,.. 11 1fn,. rhp ,,""" .. """ of.1I
f"........ h.1 bt- ",.....h.Ufd; .,...1tI,i ... ill llln!,
rt<1'''",,1 ""....f,,1 1'1.,,,,,,,.- l.OlI_1 "'....11 tbt ....
.n.I., ,- "f .11 "... d.u.. "'f"..... . A ..-!.
;",1>,.. '11I&"lt._. <of ....'rrial ha. I-.
1'flI'1' J"I'.. n........... 'h.rat,n, tilt
'1.1f .."rk d",,,, b,. tM .\rrny a",) X in I""
,,,,,,,,1 ,10... Solp." II"di"..., ."d i I........
la'"III'jI-. .... r I" ,ito.. "f ;"..
f.rt th.t Ihl' .I.p,,, \ ."d X u"fd .....Il'.
..I"" d'lI'r...."1 .1'1' hf..,. 10 lOr pl'Ob-
Jem., ,nrolnd.1'1""""'11,. ,I.... in l""n t" .. , .
1'_ I" tilt ...,.. ,bou.. .....1 """1
"'UII>lIt... ,,- to I.... -'t"ati".. Ih'l .hlfl'l't\1 II' jIll.
l",n.n! l"l'<1...t'. tl,.. tII".I "d ..."1
plllll""'!! nf III<' ''''0 ".i ,-on"ok....1""1>-
...
01 .1-,
11 In .1'1 lherr ...... -ulNanlial .....
........ ,.f ,,,'in;,,,, i,hi.. 1. lop .\rtI,. <'ODUQIIn<b
t" ...""..... 11<1 hm tlor ....n blo.....ould 1.11.
1.....Ul'\I.nl (;r"r 1 .\n'lIP. dtu-f tof (; of til..
(IN,,,,..1 :0<,.11 i,1 t".t .ftrr tilt 1.llll",,:
ull :'.'1.... il ...._ felt tl "Ul ."OUI,I ''''llle
i"l!... !'loilil'l'i"", .lthooch II "';ghl br 1'-0 Ju...
1["8--11."; _I'_tl. It....,. do....J.d
10 P"'I""'" f.,... t.IUr _ )l,nJan.o.Dd
10 1M Ii.... Iht'OClP Ok,.....".
F'onn,_.nd "'lIOn. TIlt IIIndon/!. "' l"al." ."d
"'0",1.; itt 19H """Ii"'....1 thr ";I'W
thllt thr wo"ld b<,> "Pitt'"
Thr .' ,,'1.ri............ h tiN"
main f_ "t"l"" at \11",111".0.,,,1
1_.
I hI Thr Ith .\,1' -I.If, b ... i,I!O
,,",'1' e--I>n,.,ed thlt C:::; 11"1""'''''. """' I"
RESllUCTED
RES1'RICTED
in.-.de Palau .ud from Ihere in..."" the I'hil
il'l>ln('>;.t either or l..lIlnon n.,..or 10 inude
Morol.i .noJ from tbere in,.de ;\Iind.n.o .1, 0.
'-'0. .\ftn II.. I.nding lit Sansapor ()II 30 Jul)'
19-14. t h ...-cond l'SI illl.le "'a;; C'OIl,;,uleno<l the 1II0re
prob.ble. aell'\hng 10 Col()lll"l ;\1.1*'10.".
st.ll' olIict-r of II.. 4th .\ir .\rnw in 194....." (U
lJS 249-4. "j.' .\t this lillll" II..
J.p_ne:,e IhOllf!hl Ih.t tI.. I'hihl'pinN l.ndinb"S
.....llid be m.lle ill S<'IMember or .... rl)" Oct......,r.
Afl<,r Ihe landinf!" .1 1'",I.u .Ild ;:IIOrol.i on
StoIMeltlber. it ...a;; felt Ih.t I.nding north of
;\linll.n.o ..as more \,roboo.ble. p.rticularl., in
,ie... of Ihe landing al I'al.u. TI,e "",inlale as to
Ihe liltlllllt of "llr IIl'.'<t mon ,,'as t1wn revi"e,.1 10
XO'emlJo.r. as il ,,'as the st.ff opinion thu.I least
time "'ould be for p \lHratioll.
(ej On the other hand, Major G"u" l Nishi.
"'Unl tIl a$loiSlanl chief of staff 10 Gell".... l Ya.
mhhil" during lhe Philippine "R",pnign. hM
thlllth" po$i!ible landing l'0inU
Wertl Z.U"hollllga. D,l"IO. Ce.,le, S"mll Cnlz. IIml
.\p,,'ri \USSIIS lnt"rrol:""tiun 4H>..{\). L.ey! ..
WIS ..... id to h""e been the llIVi5l likely
poinl lU,<I theil'best di"i$ion, Ihe lGth, ,...s
placed there.
(<I) The General Staff,..u &aid 10 have
.n e"entunl Americ." nKl"ement in tbe
l'hilil'l,itlell as far b.ck as Oclober 1943. T...o
e..",,,,,.lilies "'l're Ihen mo"" north.
,,.nI from Xl'''' Guinn.nd n....1 __ult di
aeros;; tb., P.ei6c from the e.st. 11li li"e
of "'u disclosed b)' Colo-
.",1 I....ltu.lti member of Ihe Genenl .lI"
from 1940-1" (USSBS 11I11'rn'lpllona 416--6.
6. i). He Mid lhere ..-a.';I.lso some Ihough. of the
IHlIiIribilil,. of ...orking from Burma
acTO! the continent the l'hilippi_. 'J1J,e
1I.clt on lhe Philippillef ...... "n"isiooed Li an
.ttempl 10 t!e..u lhe Japane;;e IlUpply IiI"'" in Ih"
5OU1h. PI..... "'''re made 10 OOild uII in
lhe Philippines. OOt due to 1llI>Ch grl'ltl..r shillping
1_than h.d been .nticipaled, Ihis t<>ttld 00l be
a<Jmplished. TI,e m.in mo""lIl('lIl of fOn:ft .nd
8Ullllliell 10 Iilr.,ngthen the Philippinell did not
b"'t und.. r ....,. until June 194-1 and thl! 1,IlInnro
ehipmentll "'el"\! onl>' 00 compleled "'!Jen
the U. S. u$.lIIlt "'8S made on Leyle ill Oclobrr
19-11.
RESTRICrED
JAP lN1U
(2) Nally /:,'1I;1/I/.Ilr.
(.) The Japun""" Xa,.1 Genel'lll Sinff consid.
ered lhat Ihe 10S!i of :-:.il.... " .nd Ih., de>t.ruction
of Ihe J ap.nesf' .ir anti Reet !It rikinJ! IlOwer in tlwo
Uallie of Ihe I'hilil'pine &a (19-20 June 1944)
t/l'-e D. S. fOrrel;. f"",,lom of 111O"ellll'lll in Ihe
.TN .round the I'hilil'I,in"",. SllOto.nd
Formosa. lefl thl'!!e .re.s .nd .bo. to
Ieo3er tI.. honll' bl.mk 0l>en 10 atlack. It
is Ihe st.ff "'Iimatl'd that follo...ing the
landing on Ihere ould be I.ndings on
Tilli.n a"d GURIll ill Jul follo"-",,I hy I.ndinp
in Ihe Palau;; anti in Ihe middle of
SeIM..mber.nd Ihat ufler ne,,l,. acquirt'd laud
blso.-s had been put inlO 0l>t'ralion. the Philippine!!
wo"ld be i"nd....-I after Ihe middle of XO"ember
1944. Thl"8e e_tinmtell "'.. re in sulJ,;lanli,,1 accord
"'ith Ibe .... ,. Ih., "..t"nll,. de....lopcd. e,,
eel't thol Il;e Philippine ol"en,lion collllnenc",1 a
month earlier Ih'lII .... pede<l.
(b) Admiral To.,od". C"IIlIl'"llder in Chief of
the Combin('(! fvl' II,, followi,,!\" MRl'
WH. he held "pinion Ihlli. the
'lll"l'k Oil the PhilippinM! would commence in
.\"g1lS! or :-;"'ple",her (USSflS Inle'T0b""tiotl
378-i). He th.t il was impOSl;ible for lilt
Army and XA")" to pn'lla", A" "dequAte <lefe11Sf
Ih.t lime, since both !M'n'iees "had lost l't'lc.
.ll their SlIpp';Jrt in/{ .i''erll ft in tI'e MRri I
a".s And preceding operal.ions.
(e) Base<l UI)()II the;;:e i"'.t.'S, Ihe Combimd
..leet st.ff dre.. its "SIKlGo- 1,IIIn for the def"Mr
of the line joining Ille Philippines. FornlOllf.
:-<ansci Sholo. Ilonll' 1I0kkaido, and IhI'
Kuriles. The anticil.I",1 _ne!l of action ..-m
di,ided. inlo 4 .rnJlnd I liuhpl.ns ....re de.. iseoI
10 f.cilit.te prellaratiom .nd comm.nd in earl
....... I'nonly being gi>'en in Ibe follo ing order:
1 Operalioll-I'hilillpinl'!! .
"Sho" :? For
1ll0ll8nd N./llil'i 5holo.
3 0l'ernlion-Ilnushu. Shikoku, Kyushl.
.nd Ogua.... ra Lslaudll.
"Sho" 4 OperatKm-Hokkaido lUll! Kuriles.
This inforlllllli(}1l ie conl"ined in IInswer!l by 111I
Minister of Ihe XII"" to UtisnS MenlOrDtld.
0,3, nnd in sl"ten,.,nb by ClIpl"in 1""chidR, ,ir
o/lke. of the Combitwd (USSBS
1"l(Rtiotls 1l3-(;, 7).
(d) It IIppelll'8 frolll olhe"llOtlr{:eslhlll [,,. ,'Il"
JAP INTEL
I{1I0t, ."d p.rticularl,. afler tbe I' Ia
l.ndi"gIl 011 Ifi September '" a Q atld liIorvIai
. ......l!"'fd - be
lla.-.lc:<'mlllRlldslhatthen.en.,.,. IDI top
Loe ..mst the I'hilil,pille$. Th' IIlOre :-Wki
st.temenl of \'joe "\dmiral IS 8C>"Ordi,, to
f"Ieft fIOm.u.nder (l;SSBS Inl udome,2nd AIr
.nd C.III.in "'l>Cilida
1I3-4l.7). It -"lll, 11O.......er II I
limingof Ihe _ult .nd its I It' .llloe'lllUed.
l'ilH!ll rem.ined lllaltel'!l' of 001'1":;::: 1111' l"Iul,p-
r<Jmm.nd .nd st.ff ol!lce" ulIlil Ihe LtIInOtt Ihe
1!01l .etuaJl,- l"'OInllll'nced. Ap"l"\!lltl ,Ie ope".
Ih.t Ihe ._ult ...oold . 's- be.
.ltllOugh there "'as Slro"........,-,. ',". o""'nber.
. -.. r KlIl I .t Il would
be III early October; .nd. as men"., L_
. I TIC "'lnI ........e.Ad
... .'. ktllm.nder ill Chief of lile Com.
,me< I>lC ed or September as lhe
prol>llble tUlle. Such is up_ b C
F
, ., be' 'Ill.",
IIC II( ). otllm.nder Nabjim., IIta! illielli.
0 .'eer of Ihe Combined Fleet (USsns In.
139-4, and by Cal'l.ai"
e1l1ef of stnlf of Ihe 1111 Mobile .nd the 3rd FI I

>"",I'"g opalloJl Ihat ,\lindRlIao "'Ill the mo.! likel .
p11lee for R Philippine!! in'l.lli(ln pet'lll,ted., .t.
Samar, alld Luwn "'el"ll eollsidel'l'd
llke/.I' IIp(l!s, ",il h Ynp Rlso considered. likel illO\>fl
for the nut AIlie<I'oo'e.
(e) It i! tlote"'orthr that lbe J.pa.lf'llIl' fol'ell!8
in Ihe I'hilipl'in"'" ,,'ere un..... 1"\! thai the l'. S.
catTier lask force ....s on lhe mo"e unlil 2 or 3
.1.)"8 before the iM.,tnber carril'r SInk,.,. rom.
met"""l. 11,;. detail "'u diseloosed to.. C.",.in
Gellda, of the X....I Crf'lIl"ral sur (CSSJl,S In.
ll':rt"Optiotl 4n-2), .nd by Colonel ;\1.tAlmae.
senior st.ll' oIicer of lhe 41h Air An", in }I.nil.
(tJSSUS Inlerrogation 5'49-6). It .dmitted
lhat .bout 200 .\no.. planefi "'ere caught by sur
I'nl!le .nd detilro,-.d at Segros, Panay. Tanpo.
T.llj.y, .nd C.gay.n in lbe first olrike. It ;'-.id
th.ll!le 41h Air .\no, had only!! houlll ....raillf!
.nd "u un.ble 10 dil;perse pl......nd I.ke .de-
qu.te defell8e m""sul'f:ll. Simil.rly. 100 fightel'll
reported.1oIt .t C.,bu.
b. };,timult' After Truk F",_ Slru"s
o",",,,,t'I(xd fM u!llt Opt....tiM
(I) When Ihe U. S. CIrrier la,k force .IIMb
<'O'"llH'cllc<!d Oil Ok;t"''''. Rml the :"'a.l.. ...i 5h(ll0 00
10 Delohe,. 11)44, il "'AS conj.'Ctured tbn
I'ro[,Rblr n pre/llde (0 all Rl:"""t 11,e
RE.STJUCl"ED
I
COM91liED FlEET
I
ll-""".o' 101000
,
C,nC 3,d FLEET
C...C FlEET
OlC tot COMBINED
C,"C 2no FlEE1
Bll-SE .. ,R FORCE
Vie. Adm
V,co AOm
v... AOm So,me
Kv,,"o
2nd 0"..."""

Fo"e No....
A"Otk
Lon'H.o......
'"
D,o."fon
C Forc.
Allook Forc.
I., Atr 2"" Au
V'ce Adm Kurllo
Reo< AdM N.... mu'o Vic. Adm Oo,otoi w......... ...
RESTRICTED
Wilh ''<'''I .....t 10 {,or north.
(4) Tht, <lin11>il." "f ol'ini"n 11,,11 "t
hif!h ,'mmn""l1 m,d i, ft"1hN-
hy "n,we!'" 1"1'1'''1'l;'<l loy d,, )[inblu in
"'''I'''u''' tn N,,,' O. de
thll",d it InlS till' ,-.,.li",a1l' thai tl",..,. ""rrier
fon'e ,trih." in OtH,I"'r ill Ill{' ;\,,,,...ei :-:hot". 1'''''.
m'II, ,,,,,I thl;' Philipl'iu", \\,'n' "0 mOr{' Ihnn
,."ids and ","',' 1,,,1 I., I", sl"l)il
1' .... 1"""1"1'.' In lhl;' i""",i"l1 "f II,, Philippine'.
en) !<) Ih., ;\u"," Ihe ,Jnp
""''''''' 1>,li"'''I<- of thl;' ''''"i]"hle "S
of It> 0,;1<,1,,'1' f"llows:
$/'{I Fir, 1_[0 CY. (; C\' L.li-I:! C\'E. (; lTlli,...,-,;.
40-00 1)D. (.\d",,1 ".....e8 CV, s cn._ (;
Till. (; C\.:! CJ, (,U). i CL. 58 ])1),)
I)m1l";'::" ,," ",8. 1",1< f.m'e "If
I'!-H OelOller,4 C\'s sUlIk Ill' bt"..,,.-I,,, ,]a",,,ged.
(.\ctu"l liltl!!'-'" we"", I c.\ dlllll").!Nl. I C1,
dnn,ng",L)
7111 Flul-to IIB,:WCY E. 20 a"i",'"". (,\el1l" I
wen' IS GOBB. (, CA, GCL. 00 1)D.)
1'roop"-Ii, ,Ii,-i,io,,'. ind"dinlt )(n,illes. (.\c,
I ,mI fil:!'''1'$ (In 11'(\('1>5 ,-on""il led 10 the 1.e"I\! I" "d
4 d"'i,i,)]], I,lus" H''''lte,' ball"iion (II,,'
Glh .\ ,'my ed of 2 ('Qq'" "f 2 di ,,,,'h),
II t01,,1 of :,O.M:\ lronp;1..)
(G) IntelliJ,.'I'nee to A,l",ir,,1 '1'0"0<1,,_
C"""",,"der.in_Chief ilf Ihe Co,,,Line.l ""
2Q Oao1Jer whid, hi", to o",le" the Il,,,t to
Ihe Philippines,con,i,t,,,l of the followiul!'
Thm the ith FI('('I 'Ul.1I """,[l<l"IS weI''' .I"ndi,,!!
bf ill Ihe "icinity of I....'te Gulf.
Th"t ulthough the c"'Tic,' ta_1< ft>,'Ct wllsllelined
10 be in ",,,t{','S '0 Ihe C"51 t>f the I'hilill'
pines, it ,hought 10 10"""
dama!!t'.
'n'''llloe e:,tilll"ted tllctie,,1 o"g,,,,izul iOll of U, S.
fOree5 tI\'llilable f",. the IIp'm'tit>,, Wn8'
.lrllly-General
Gene",,1 Krneger, Glh A,',lly...\,hnir,,1 Kincaid,
7th Flee!
Nu<'y-Adlllirul.\'imifz
Admintl I-["I...-.,r, :lnl
Th"t Xi",i,z "'''s 1(1 e'l("'l>enote with )["eArlhur
ill tht' Philippine
Thn Ihe esti",,,ted di"l_ilion of U: S.
"'''$; :.lrd Fleet-operati"g ill "'''len; 10 e"51 of
RESTRlcrED
JAP INTEL
Philippines: 11""', Ulilhi. itll Fh,.,I-L".\I" Ollif.
Gth At",y_.',,,,w,itl",[ \0 ["-'."1" landin,""": ptto,
1'"""1"""-1,,,",,. W,-,l,,"" X"W Guinen,
.\ir F.,n,..-IJ"""d "nd "I'e""ling fnnn M"".,'''i
,,,nl \\'{'_tHIl ;\,,'" Guinp".
(i) A,lllli'111 Toy, ... inl,'lli::;t'llce mnccI'niuji:
till' iOll "n :!O Oelul",, w"5 i" lly 'Or
,,-"'t. Tlop fi,,,,,t il,fon,,,,ti,,n reCt'i"p,I:<1 lteet 1",,,,[,
'1",,11el'>'; in ,J"p"" Ihut " landillJ! in
ill 1...\t" Gulf wn, ,\I, Ii ();'Ioher wh"" ac!i,'ilil'!l
"f ",i'"',Wl'''!>(''''' ",,,I dem"I;lio" w",,- M"'II
b." w:ttd,,,-,;. 0" tl'l' 18th a e"n
""I'>';ali"" wns intl'l'l"'l't"d ",hil'h disd"S1d th,,\
1ll1"liugs "'e"e to he $omh of 'I'ad.,lmn. Mine_
nl"",,till!! ill th" I)II1ug "I'"a. On
20th w"ld",,'>! "nd ,,..-,,,,,,,,i,,,,,,,,c,, pl""e.<;
.-epo"ted Ihe followi"f! f"ree. ill the [.crtelll'<'ll. ae-
conli"g t" Cupl:>i" Oh,,,,,,-, d,i"f of sl"fr of I hc I,t
)[ohile n,\<l 'k,l FIc>N'i (USSI3S 1"le''l'''I!''lioll.
li;(1-,1, 4) ,
III L".,le O"lf-14 IHi_ ",,,I cr"i._e," i t'''lTie..,
"".I t>0 ""all "",,,tJaI,,,,t
Olr 8,,,,,,"-----SI/ t"'''''I'''''ls ,,,,d 20 small en",-
I:utalll ,hips.
.\ 1'1,,,,,,chi,,):'-,, fiB., I(J 20
Off Tad"I"", (lit) ",ilt'" 2
lIB_.:! e""j,.."" alld GDo.,_
TIo," aLollt 'I A,"",)' ,Ii,'i,io"s We'''" I,,"din).! th"t
d"y (:.'Q Ocl).
(8) Thc C"n,hi, ...d "':os uot o"dered inlo
"ction ,,,,Iii ",'C"il'l of the ''''p''''t f,.o", wntcher<
Ihnt 1It'I\I,,1 hll"li"I-"< we,,' lakin/! place lIt
Gulf 011 the :2Oth. "ceordill)! to C,'!,I"i" Fnehi;I.
Ihe f1cct "i,. "llker (USSBS JlIlelT"guti"ns 113-G,
i,8). Il 11'''5 ",issi"" "f the C"",l,illed Fl"",
dC8"'O;- ill II", I""di,,).! "llC"utioo
'n the 1 J he inlclliJ-'tnce as to II,!
1..c.\"I" "cli""t"d tl ... SIo" I ollCI,',lion,
(!I) It W"S not umieip"led that )\ lnndi'lg on
l..c,"'e '1'0111<1 be ",:>de 10 T"dob:tn lInd Ih!
wr,c nOI, designl"l af!ainst ,uch n
mg. As a l'(m8eljueneto, lhe h",di,,,, IIC'''' T"do
bnn sll,'(......"led in "'''llil').! olr 110" Slot"'" of
"I th"l b"sc. which had 10 l..e-
(10) The .1"1'''"l''''' "Iw. ll",[c,-eSt;lll"tl..l tl"
power "'''I elredi'-cne.<s of the U, "''''al boo'"
bar.,lone,,!. ,u'eol'dillg to G"ner,,1
chief of st"if to G"llcnd ,I"J'
lllg til<' e'''''I",i;!" (USSIIS Itlte,.,.ogntinn
Al l..er1c, he s"id, Ihe shelli,,!!, cIlllscd lhei,.
JAP INTEL
IQ p"llie, ,,,,,,ultill/:, In All , d
. 8 "''' I f
fll"l "".I ....0",1 ... Ii" 1\ <)
, ClI.ndaw'h'
",to the nO"lhwe" e..rne, f I "ra..-.l
- " .... \'Ie II
ndc",l..,d J"t",,,l;'$C "1"",,',, f . d,n.
Ij." <ot Ihe I .
1''''):''' "s "'cr., bo,l." ealll'
C. The 1,,'dli,/e,,(1' fi(",1 .
I.rylp 01"(' 'Ir 1<1 Ihe H</II/, (r1r
(1) '1'" f,,('iJit"le. cou,i,lernli"" ,f _
li,"'.. i''''oh'ed ,,) the 11I"'1
, .,. ". .Ill t 'e
w "e, tI,le ,/:,elll.., hn,,,Ued I . , '"
. _, " , 'e J.,..
III \I uh the 1>"", f " "
, Ot ""'Ie (julf
d,url show",):' thc .J"I'OllllSe ..... ,. .
, . . '''''' Mm"'"1'" 0
).!,,,,,znUou 's '''lm"luee<.1 f ,. ,.
. f t rOlll I ,e 1tllerro-
!!uum, 0 \ 'l'- .\dmi"8) K",.il" ,V"S"
.,'. 1'\ 4'1:
(:!) Thf JUI'""e,,e tu.nlc al",-, will 1>1'
sk,-\<'hed ill outlil,,' as all ajd to pre;-
elll <Iiseussi'>ll. 1'01''' f"U (>f lhis
,".fel'tllcf is ,,,ude to tl", ''''p'n1 "r II,.. ;\,,\'51 ,\j,.I,
.",is [SSBS.
(3) IHin,""," ,,,i,,,,i.H' of C,,"'bin....1
FIl'Ct w"s the ,]e,tl'''clion !Of Ilw IR"dilllt fon'("
lInd s"pl'0..li"f! ,hippin).! "I Leyle Gulf. It ".h
pIQII,,>'\1 10 II';, a 2'1'1"0","""1. pill-
ce", "11e"" in" L.\' f".......... H ni,er
si"" .\nuck Fo"" "f the :l",l FI....I (\ i"" ,\olm'ntl
K"l'lln) 10 1'''''"' thr<'ujZh ,'i"")'ll> n".1 Si,
L".""" So'", ]lemA"li"" :;'trn,1 a"d.
oM:!OO
CHART :nv:
(InfOMIl.I;,," ('n l'h.,-e "f Ihe J.pa"....,
pl.ll"i"fi' is "',"t.i"....1 ill Ih.. in1l;'rn'j:.'1IliOl'" "f
.\d""rol Knr;l. 61. C.pt.in
Fud,i.11 (l'SSBS 1I3"", i, \11. Ton"l.
r "&ill:;: 371'--"1. ("",",,"_ud..,. (l"S:"BS':!:\.'!..
:1. 114:-....\olmirol K".nn.l!; t rs.."'ns WI-":'. i.
;'). Ill.1 ('"1I,,"a,,,]..r :-;i,Julio (,:".:'-HS 3OO-:!.:I,
4),.11 ",..mbersof Ihe fo"","" i"'ol,,,..-[. I
H) '11,.. :lnl ' .. 1...., .\.Imirol 0 ... "-.) ".
'" .1'Proooch II.... Philipl'''''''' f",,,, Ja"an "ia the
BU"j!\> "" I .;.oulherl." ,,'u..... : make '..,Il-
t.cl ,,'illl Ihe 1'. 5. carrier u-k f",.".. which waS
bolie'....J 10 10""1"'1'11"'/,1 ....1of Lu",,,., I."" ..h car,
RESTRICTED
RESTRJcrED
rier aIr altack", UllOll t""k RIIl11n,,,il it
.lielf fR"oraDle for "urfllce.u:
tion. PrimarilT. Ihe 3nl Fleo:'l wu 10 IhlS
fon:t. dl'ol'<l.I il 10 the north of Luzon,
lit) Ihal thll other auark wOlild Ill! free from
an.ek from Ibe I'. S. r.rrier Ihk fon-e while
carrring Oil! their mi"_101I.t Gulf. It wu
.l8o 1)lallllOO th.t lhe l'. S..... rrier t.,J,:
should be dn'i\'n into the nn"..., of FOtlllQli&
nd Philippine l.ndboo:iOO 1)I.ntlJ, aeronling to
C.pt.in Ohm.. (1;85BS ..lions 100-2,
3,5), Captain Fucl,id. (l'SSHS Interrog.tion
113--9), .nd RMr Adminl )lat.$Ud. (USSBS In-
lelTO(....liOll.'! 3N-3, 4), .11 ollit.'ers in Ih.t .ction.
(:;) The C<>tllbine,J. lla,... Air Fon.: (Viee A.I-
min! Fukudome) had the mi""joll of coordinat.
ing Iandblo!!ed air .uacks ...ith Ibe .nacb of the
J.pane!lt' 3rd Flf-'tl UllOlt the U. S. .... rrier task
folU; of .uac:king Ihe .nd of fur
nWting sud! .ir ro"er .nd ,..,.,oon.iJJ;a'lee it
eouid to the .nacking n.ul forceil ill the south,
h 'II"alI pl.nMd to coordin.te lhe .uil.bJ,e .nny
air fon:ei in thi" plan, aoniillj,! 10 C.I".'n Fu
chid. IIH, 1", 9), Com
mander Y.maguclti, Openlions Oft'-r of thlP>
Combined Ih!!e .\.lr Fo......."d 2nd ,\ir Fleet
(t:ssns IfIlelTO(....tioll. 1ll3-3, -I) nd \'ice Ad
mini Kurit. (Cssns Interrogalioo 41"-1").
(6) Thia bold Japan_ baule plan 'II"alI put into
U"tl'utioo bT Iheir foroe romm.nden: aording to
plan. the Ameoon foroea strnc::k earher
lhan U"lltcted .nd thi required some ch.ngtlli but
il rould DOl. be carried lhrough or ac:comlilished
.nd ended disastrously. Se,'eral facto... entered
into this J.".ne!Ie defeal besides Iheo,er.
11 of Ihe .\merican forces. The .ir
of U. S. carrier .ir fort:ell O'ertlllirom.
bined enemy I.ndba....d Ann)' .nd air fon:el;
Ind their ""rrier air ..... m.rked.nd no
doubt
(1") The failure <>f the enem,' to .chie,e Ihe roo
ordinatoo timing of the action of Iheir nriOlls
fo........ nd mutual support. which "-as 90 ,it.1 to
the socc:e!!lI of thi. 1)I.n, had critical re;;ulu. Thi.
...s due llartly to flOOr cOIl1'llImil'lltion. and 10
!IIl"ere llIJbm.rine .nd .ir .Hack. on Adminl
Kllrit,,'s 2nd Fleet 011 23 .nd October which.
said the Admit'lll, elowed I,is ad"auCCl to Ihe
plnrlned allack as well III mnterially weakenillg his
fon:e (USSBS Interrogatiolls 7, S, 9,18,20,
RF-STRICfF.O
JAP INTIIt
2::'). His c;o;l'llInatioli wns sulJl,tulitiatoo by
his chief of stllff, Hear Ad'lIitlll Koyanaci
(USSRS ItllerroAr.,tions 14ll-2,3) us well as by
Commllllder Yllmnb'l,rhi Interrog.tion
193-<l) IIntl Conunnnd..r Mori IlIwrrogr..
t ions 233-l'i, G, 1", 8).
(8) Jnn'''ligation shows thai Ill'Olltilluing u..sie
weakness in the Jalmnese l)Q!jitioll I hroltgbout thi
action was the lack of .dequ.le operntional intel.
ligerK:e. This is!;f-'tn 10 h.,e contributed to their
other difficulties. .nd to h.'e OOInllOlltlded them.
They ...ere unable to l,.'et adequ.te timely infOMnIo.
tion II;; 10 the strength, 100000tiotl .nd mon,ll1enlll of
U. S. fOreel, .nd "S. "'ere openting
a IIart of the time by gill"! and ch.nCtl. 'n,e
chief cause of the I.ck of .dequate intelligenee in
this situation was the ttl'urring failure 10 ",.in.
lain air re<:Onn.isgnce, which "-as admittedly.
c.rdinal ...eakness. There i. no ind>eation th.t
there was anT elfec:ti"e J.I..r_ aublll.rine t!ICOUl
ing in these .ctions. Capt.in Ohnllle, 3nl Fleet
chit>f of suiI'. ;;I.ted th.t in.dequate NeOnna;'
""nre ....s one of lhe m.in rea.8IJfUI for failnre of
theopentionl ({;SSDS Interrogation 100-9),.nd
this is borne OIIt in the inlerrogation of Rear Ad.
minI Koyanagi (USSHS IntCl"TOj,,'1IliolUl 149-3,4),
Comlll:lnder
193-1) .nd "ice Adminl Kurila.
(9) The seriOllSl1fJ!Il'! of lhe thai
ronfronlOO lhe ,..rion!! forces due to I'"
of intelligt>nce has been indicated certain ill'
cidelllS reported the romm.lld and stall" offioe"
il1,ol..oo. Their rellOtIII .re !Iome'i\-h.t oonfll;Jflli
.nd oonindietof)'. this il no dOllbt indicatin
in I.rge part of their mental the tillle of
the e.'en1$, which seems nther lIuderslftlld.ble. "D.
dfr the
(10) Vi<:e Admiral Kurita. has recounted hll'""
he was twice attacked b\' on 23 Ot-
tober .t 0013, as he 'i\'a; kginuillj: to enler till'
Philippine watetll. Ilil "'OHlllents were kilO....
.nd lie 'i\'as ullder alt.ck from on....n1.
IIis Hab'Shi]>, Ihe Ata90, nnd ulso Ihe
cruiser .Itaya, wern sunk nnd lhe Tahro WlI!! di>
al>led by sul>lIlarine ullacks the Iil-llt day. n...
day he was 11I"1,,,, air nltll(:k while
the Philillpillcs. Ame";cutl nir "trucks sllilk t/lP
lIew superllnlllesliip and disal>led tIll'
cruiser IlUtl 1111 of his other l>"ttleshipi
weN) dmnllged wilh one or 2 hili! or mor"('. He rt'
JAP INTEL
tired to rhe we;;t\\-.rd for. period
of Ihe air attaeks. .. Ilich llJlder tlIt'
in reachillJ.: kyle GuU (USSJkj h'm _I.le
H_fj, 1", 8). nterroptlOn8
(il) f!lei
lIuder repeatoo 8Ur\"eill.
noe
.nd , ,.0 n,
. II tara he had
I'rucl.,ca J' 110 worth'i\'hile intr.'lJi '_
S f I:"n\'e
U, . Otce!l. He states that 'i\-Ilto he lert Bnrnei
10 launch th...ttaek he 'i\'lIJl i"fo-. ' L.
,__ U<nt lhere
"ere 200 .\rner,cal1 tran;;"",.... ,..
t
d u.... .......--, , ....1I1e-
s ups, all appropn.te &cco<nflllllyirrg cnrisera
alld destro)-ers" at Le)1e Gulf. lIo...e,"
. ed r, reo
cell' 110 M!COlln.i""'1<:e inform.tion f land
b&sel-I pl.nes. in the Philippine:o- The firotll ,
. r' L tst. tram
lIlg 0 .'r all...-.. on Ihe momi,,/!" of the 24th .....
Ihat planes had beell reported )I.nila .",1
thereafter ..-ere 800n detected by the shiP!l' radar
at lOO-i20 km. estimaled th.t the C "
carrier lask fora. 'II"AS .bout 8)...ioo miles
east of San Bern.rdino Strait 011 lhe
of the !Mlh, mainly 011 lhe baEis of !he direetioon
of the flight of the bur had no specific
re<:OlUlaissance or other faetwll basis for the de-
lemlin.lion at the When he frlllll
San Hem.nlino Sirait .t midnighl be had DOt
reeei"ed .n)' infornlation on tile posillO\' of the
U, S, carner task forne. He expected to lone to
his 'i\a.l OOt of the 5trail .nd ..,., lIUrprQed
..-hen no foroe appeared. The Delt morning. :u
October, in pJ'OCftding !!OIllh off the Samar _
last to.... rd I.e''te Gulf. rhe fiN kno... lhal
Ihere 'i\'as fo.:c. bet'i\"teD Kurit. IUld the Gulf
carne when he ,;su.llr sighted carrion plarw;;.nd
Ihen e!iOOn .... rriers (li''SSBS
,,8,9,10,13).
(12) Ac:cording 10 his ehief of Sid. llear .\d
minI Koy.n.g; (Ussns InleJ'TlJglltioo
thf)' "were '1uile taken and there ..lIJl doubl
as to whose th_ e>lrriers ....ere. H also ai'llfll,.,.
lhat the "I.nes of Ihe Japa"_ 8rd "'hith
had atl.cked lhe U.S, carrier tLok force ott lhe
east CO>Ist of LUZOll On lhe did not tr.mlllit
aII)' informal iOll rotlC'Crning the .t reng1h.
I;on, or movenUlms of th.l force..
had to re>ort larger, 10 III
to llSritlJatll the TI,e Chler of fur
Ihn slales thaI ill Ihll enll"'&'",nellt on Ih. ,.nomin/!
of the 251h wilh Ihe ;th ('jlCOrt c.rrler
off 8,ullnr lhe Japnnese ,,'ere obliged to do lhelr
, . t" f rel;ults on
nring, JJJanml\'ering, alld esilina Ion 0
"
lhe '-ail of ,*-' ".
tlI'tunac.d lbat tJM. C. 8. tun. ......
or I earnm., :t or :I beUIeaft.i,.. ad a ,..
'""'-' dloridtod that I t'a....... 1 __... 1
-t1"O,"fl' hat! I.... """k b1 1'-.
...f..... lJlia...... t tile
'Ih FIm f,,,",, lh r....". 1;lIlf or in the i_ i..
......u"l,- ('(on"",'" of tbe foIlowiDc. ....
('(onlltl,r I" fiJu...........p'1td by the .\ir 8rudI,
of ....I 1& C\'' II ORB. s
U.II<l,,""DD_
lu tlti. I'nPm"'''1 thl' folk...,"Il" l'. S obI""
...,., """k, ('\'t;""J I)U. 1 DE. 1 JITB.
IHI l)griol!' IhI' WI,ode <If I.e"l'
(;"If 'i\ tlb tlwo jrh .-I.tot f_ .\rIu.inl Kurita
did inlftwpt ...d.... -r- f,.. lhot ;th
10 thl' f.LooI ",!'riff t...... f_ that It..,-
.. - undrt- .tlkk and l"fqIlftfinr:.id. and
.1-0 thl' ",pl. lhar 1atoI" cou.Id _ be flll'lli:J>M ffit
boo..... Kunia .t-o fared .tla<:h b.. land-boo.-J
1,1ADe" at boot .... had 110 "" to
..-bat 1.1a.... "',,",ll"h the had if
.n.....\llhI'timt .... and
hradrJ ""rtb. af,", I "tfI, be had """;-,l't! no ....-
..lIJti,r,.l ... f...... Bear
.\duu...1 "'1>on 011 tbr
1""1 hP ....- II.... ir .Il.arit
o.QUth tlf Xesm:o- .boII rI'fIOl'1' the arlO'
of (.... lhat ......."" ""'J."'do
I_t .naeklllld Hi....lin/!' Iaio ume of .m""'.t
thl' X.iIM did be hue ..n mf<ll'1ltltiolt
from "il'f ,\d,,,, ...1 0ur.... 3rd FJ.".. U<.'tpI a
reI"'" 011 tho- lhal hto had .uacbd lhe
l'. 1'\. lhk f,...". atwI_laoded iJt the .... (er and
lhe remaindrr III lhe TII'O lIeet _.
plane. "e.. ""ut ont '0 -ouuc lbe Surigao """ and
1M."", to tbt north of tbr ........ """ of the I'hil
X..ilher rtlumtd: I"'" OM bieb "'-""'ted
llOI1b 1't'1","Noothinjt ........ ; tbe otJ>e.r nenr re-
,oorted. ,HI"t bad rh."i:ed"",,,,,, 10 t"'" nonh
h. "'"''''f(] ." intli ............ho rommunintinP iDdi
cat"'/.'" Ihlt XbI"mllra had 4lilerrd ".. ....re dam
in.tO .....mm/.'". hut nosp...,,1fi<:
infot"llIlJOiI ordr4.il tothl' Ulenl of
hi, k.r'1l1ion or ,,11... duri,,/.'" rhe d.,
.... Ihr .ft.... d1anl.'"Ulii: ('OIl ...... 10 the l1O"h.
K"rila ..-i,-ed .n ill.:I1""" radio "'110" to ,I""
l'tfl'<'! Ih.t 3..1 F1f-'11 had bee" hea,-il)'
..IIPl->f<I.ntl dam.I.""'. h .. llool Ih... ftogship.nd
Ulc"",I..<I nil1hl torprdo al1""k. Th"re no
RESTlUCTED
RESTR.lcno
i"fOllllati"n liS 10 the ..nl of O.:aw,,'S
dall,af!"'. hi. 1"';1I1i"n, el", l"tali,m of "II" "Rni,'r
I",k (on'('. "r,l", "1I"..no:lh "f "i,h..r.
infO"m,u;on Or ;n,'r""li"IIS 'n'n' ,I"r;nj!
'he n"rth"'n1".! c"I11':;" froll1 .\dllliI'1I1 To.,o.ln. C-
i,,-(; ('01l,bin,.d FI.'<.,l. F"ili"c: t" "!le"",,lel" 0111'
fon"' Kurila l'..tind Ihmug1' :'on" B""':<I\\iH<l
Sll"llil thnl lIij!101 (1';o;::,IIS InlpI'1'>j!:ui"II" ,Ii-H!.
11. 17. 18.:!O,tl.2:'j,
(I,,) Th., d"!!'"<!e "f bh"ne whid, mny 1,.. nl
lathed 10 ]\1I1';e" f",' hi. failoll\' I" lak.. hi.I,,;;.....s.
which it nmidl'''l ..d "",,101 n"""",e 10 a"
". ,.0 P('I'('.. III. "",I ,.e""hll .. l." pm"" lh,.nugh his
nlla.k on Ihe 7110 Fleee cani.. ,. a",llhe f"t
...I of in I"'-"le Gilif. in "p-
toint"n,... wil h 110.. ope,.,,1 ion pi"" "nd ehe r..p,mled
"I\le1" of Ad",ir,,1 '1'".",,,1,,. will prob"l>l." bl" lhe
"'lbj""'1 ,,( li-cl ... d;"''''''';''1\ fo,. 8''''''' ei",... In
"iew of 11,.. del'h"',,bl,' I"ek "f ,,'o.. kin/! im.'!1i.
I-'\'ll''e ill.lit"e",1 "I",,... it i" e"sil." ""d...>;l"ndahh'
the "'''''I .. of hi" foree "o,lId Illtl,tlly
h""e Jx.e" expected.
(113) The ...."io, ,uni"i"g "Ui,,,,,' i" Rear .\,1-
mit,,1 "C" F"'1:e. C""""""der X;.
CO of Ihe d..... l'O.'e.. SMg,m:. le!ilified
ffil1".t"ill;! Ih.. inl"llig",,('to "f Ihei" "I'",.u-
Ii"". .\11 "f ehe ,hip" in f", ...... ""..epl Ihe
SMgllr". we"e """k in the 11,,"1,' of :;:11I'i/!,u) SIn,ie
;n Ihe elld... lHo,."iuJ! "f Z.; lklob",.. wI,en tl ...
enCO"nlered 11w b,,"le Ii"e of ""r ,eh Fleel in
th.. i,. allew!', 10 fon"! the ,,1 .... i(. The "per"li""
piau. as it alfe<:led fOI1:e. Wa. tf> for.." lh,.
5Hail fr"m the """nh and lhe
shippin/! ""d iu t.,'ye" Gulf in eo<>rdina-
lion wieh tIll' 1.0... Viee Admir,,1 K"..il"S
fon'" fmlll ehe nOllhell_1. .. fo"'-,,, wus
10 elller Ihe G"lf fi,." and uUllek "I 0030, Vire
Admil"lll fih;",a'" :,ell FIOOI w"s to foll"".
fm..,.. i"to I .....,'e G"lf a",1 "uark in
,,,,lin"lio,, ((;:"S13S 1111""I",/!"lions 390.-3. ").
(I.) Theit ad"a,,,,e inletliJ-"''''''' 10 th" .. f-
f,'\:t ehst the.... wo"l<1 be 2 Or "'''I"ll Lalll""hips, G
",. 6 ,-,,,"i,,,, ... 10 or lIlol"l! "lid 80
I'v"b iu 1..e.'I" Gulf. The., eQnsidered d'"l ehe...
would be "bJ" 10 fo,.e" lhe sl""il, e)('''-'[11 for" I">s'
"ilole"...."""S ill C S. Tht,. hUll
,>(',,,,,,ional ""lit"", Oil Ihe U. S. (aSl tMsk
(0.....,. bill WeI'" not rone""nO'l1 with pOl;ilioll
"J;<1 "s il ":"S Ou( f>f sll'iking "au/,,,,,
'\ord was ......elled lhe Ulh ehnt Shillla'6
RESTRlcrED
JAP INTEL
n.'N "".< ",,,,,i,,;:" ",-,mh ll"""gh lhe SUlll &a
lI,h"'n "f .hi,,,,,,,,, f","'". hilI il nner
",,1;1 II,,' halll" ,,",,< lllld"l'wJly ""d the""
1I,.,'..r all" "Jf,>eli"e "'lUldill"ti"".
(18) B,",. '_\d"'i,'ul :-<i,hinlllJ'll "n;"ed III the
,..,,,th.. I'n I" SlIl'ij!IIO SlI'"it al 0'1:10. whieh
""'" elll'1i",' eh"n Ih,' 1,1a" 1",,,il1l-<1. ,,,,,I I""'ei"ed
Ih.. ""di"id,>(1 "(("nli"" of lhe ilh 1"I"ee 101'llle.
Ii",. \itl' Ad",il,,1 did n"t ur
"i,'" '" till' ",-"'II" "f th.. SUl'i:;"" "dio" IIlllil ie
"""S ""e" "",I he f"ill,1 III 1'1'''"" ""." df''''l;''e nl
I,,('k, .\t ,100'" 1200 un lhe 2.ith the SldgUN'P re-
the ,...sulls of lhn SUI'i/!llo IItl ion
10 Ad",i""I, T"",,,11l Ilud I\"ril". Io'H "",dll no
'''1,,-,'1 "f Ihe si'el'''li"" 10 Shinll'. "llllo"gh lhe
I"lle,. waS pm;!"'d "" I'tllil(\nellt, fl'om ell" Slr"il
III "ho'l1 0,11>0 (I'S8B8 I "(("'''''1!"1i'''h :19Q-2. 3, 4.
".7. 'j.
(19) The n,i""i"n of Shin",'s ;jth FIt",t was 10
foil",," 1'<ishimu,.,,'s fo'"",,; lh,'o"gh S,"'i)!uo Se"'lil
ulld "'l"ck lhe I",nsl")('l>< a",1 ff>l1:es in G"lf
"fl"dhe"I""l bel'" "Uaeked bv K"..ita "nd Nishi.
n"u''', Shim,,'s ,t"tr '"' ui" ,.'(,,,,,n,,,,is
,,,"ee Jt!I'0,.t oil 110" 2:l ..d "epu1'ei,,)! lh"l lhe llll\in
h(}(!l' o( 110.. U.:'o. 1'<n"1l1 f"ree. ,"""sisei"/! of 7 0.. 8
I"'llll',hips lind "llt'''l 40 lnn'SI'<}lt;;, We"e in the
G"lf a,,,1 110,,1 .'l<'''''' tOl"p"do 1"'''IS WHe IlL lhe etl
1,"",ce. TI,,, fOJW'S <of Shima a",1 :-<ishimm'lI nC"er
..ach Olh",' ""Iii lh" hal,le h",1 j"i,,0'11
lind '., "lufr ddt,.",i"",1 position
fmlll thc g"" n"shes. These Z fo,......s were "ot in
('OlIlm"";cu,io" "'ilh eM!'h olhe!' ,,,,til Xishimllra
1"'OIHlt'L'1 Ihe f"el t h"t Ilie al ta.,k loud !.>ten
made "pon him. o))('lIillg tile "tlion in the sll'"ils.
A(lc" !':hi"", h,,<1 ",ad" his h,'e t"t'T and n!>OJ1i,'e
"llack elf"rl.I",,1 hlld ,..",e,",<1 t<H';-se a,,<1 retired
follow;"/!,, tl!isioll ill"ol"ing his n"I,'!ihip. he ad
,.ise<:1 K'"'il" ",,,I Tob'o of the re"ers,,1 of course
1:>"1 ;;1 lIle,1 lI"e hi"g ,. l;;e' lot10" of ehe "ij1hl
0" th.. s;I''''1 iOIl wil 1l''i'SI'''Ct. t" NishiJllll,'a. "crord
in/-' 10 CO""I"'IIlI"r .\lori, II ,lllfr "fIit"I' o( th.. ,jlh
fUSSES Illll,.,")!,,tions 2:jj-3, 4.5.6. !OJ,
(20) The ,J"l'"nese 3)'(1 Vleel cOllllnunded b,.
\'itc w"s mission
e"I-'''J!'''g lhe Ame"i,",,, fllst eanie,. t"sk fOl'centr
lhe of "lid dJ'fIwi"g il "S f"l" J\ol'lh
llS l>OSl;.lblc '" m'dc!' 10 keep il 0111 of
"f lhe',. olher fOJ'ces which "'He to ullllck tilt
'hippill)! in ["'."le Gulf. It. ,,"ns ,tlso planned to
1111'1' the U. S. lask withiu sHiking" ,.,Ulge 0/
JAP INTEL
lh.i,. h'lUllJ,,!wd plllnt'll on I '" ,
O
an F"rm
(21) n lhe lHon,inj: "f III 2Ot1 ....
Jal'llllC'ie anI Fle..1 SOl1ie" In' , thp
.. .not'tlnl/ o ,.
its lIl(onnlluo" wilh re'l>ect t II ai" '-""',
fon..: 1o Ihe ", ,u. 'I' 1",Jol, "artll'r
. "ll (Vllta"le<1 .,.
7 c"I'I'I"''S "",I "'as 100'R!e<l off I.' &"1111'1
tucl ,o;<;w"1'd Whelill ca' "')Ie. n'efi""' ......Il_
rrt..r ""nrc), pial ."
Ow U. S. e",k (0","" III abulll 0100 L_ II'
. 0" I"" 24lh east
"f 1.,,1,0"' lie ",hse''''ee "f :It>(1 mil I '
"
I '/" es rOlnlhtJa/_
"e",' 'eel. IP," c1"'*'-1 e" 1:10-1')', '
I ,/
"
1/ 1/
IllI e, 1l1,,1
"'''',. le(" }'n , " ,11"""-,,. lll>olli .
I
,
. . II' au allllek
0" I 'e , n""'ltlll! fOI'('es. ,
"" I' ."'''; w.'re ",.
10 I""d on LUl,on "fler ." k I '
/,
C

1'","8011. (ec u,.el! "ptain Ohlll"" " C"
,
:';Inlf. lh"t "01\1' wo"ld l.oe becau>& "'e
we", coo "" P"'"l>os4'!I, luI"!' .\"oU,.,Ioip,; Co ehe
8lJl"Cl.r we would '-'" SUlIk: lhnt wu O"r
dUl." (USSBS lW-l. i.), TlJi.
1",<1 p"ogno>;licntiuu were '''t!tly fulfilled
III wI h J"'speets.
(Z"2) So f,,,' "S 3,-.J FleeL knew. it
nol unlil abo'll 1600 On tim 211h whtn
one of lhe U. S, """Ie <:<;InIaC!.
lhal lhe,l" were nlll aUa"kcd Ih':1 ,I,,,'.
Iml Ih"l "lllIle "" J'I';"
"esc 211d 1'It..,1 whil,' lrn",'",ill/! lhe I",d
OI"'''pied the I'. K cAITier task fo....-e. .\1
eime il WIIS ehought lhat 2 r. S, cal'l'iel"$ hnd been
d""''':'''NI and Ih.. force cOIll"i"ed on[,' I <:arrier
""d 2 hl'lI I""hi ps. 1'" "1 of their :lrtl FI;"'I WIIS dis
pU1ched 111"1, night 1" make II ,,,rf.,,,,, 8uack un
the U. S. l,.sk force. 10m oo"e"tt wag Io"e after
waitillg fol' tl ... tondusi"" <of a ,,"ock
hy 11,,';" 1""dIo"""'l!'l,,n...... ""d "'IlS ""w,. ,,,.
g"i"",1. The.\' l",d "" .... pOll On mo,'eUIt'IlI,
"f lhe U. S. fm'Ce d""ing lhe nighlafh'''lhi. ""'"
I"ct lo,!. This i" Ihe of He.r _\<i.
II' i I'll I .\lul S"'",. co",,,,,, "del' "' CHili,' I (rS::'B."
:\4.)-..;;) ,,,,,I Cupl"i" Ohmae
(rSSHS Int .. ,...,.)!aei(,,,. 1',(1...;,.(;).
(:<:1) The 1It'.xt mOI'"illg. the the.\" ",II'
""'lcd Ih"l lheir lieN Wll' llbot,e 100 ",ill" from
Ihe U. S. lU:ik f",,,,e.b"llheil'ileurth pl""l" failed
Ic.l""ale il. At 11."1 lime their 3rd FI .... " h.,l '101
reeei"cd sulIki""1 inforJII"tion In tleler,,,ille how
elll' ope""eiolls (,f Ihe olhe" for('(>' wert' 1""'!iTt""'
ill;:: 0" j",,1 wh"l ""liS lhe "'I>om Cal"
tai" Ohm"e, Th"l Rfl ..rnOOll a m..,'sa!!e wag re-
cei"cd fm'" Viet! ,\,I",i ..,,1 J,urie" 1't'1'011",!! Ih.l
10" h"d s,,"k 3 0" 4 .."I'riers off S.I".r, bllt noel!
..id &boat <'OIlIiJtc -.b.. blip
l!\'t. ComJl1l'fl"jIlJr. 0IItI0, U. S. am.
f,"'... ',I.n"" "'''''''k tIM' Ja.._ 8Jd J1II&.
III( 'I re"....I. to Il<II1b in .t'mnI_ wi&h IhI
to I,,", II..,. 1', !'I. 1a>d< fn",", in that
:,""k 4 "8tr;Pts in tI,.1 fota' pIQII I ""'_....
.l,lN"v.,el'!<. n,. I'. s. I..... rota' lntc the lipl
""rrwr l'I"iWrl"".
{:II) J... Iht ill 1't't""'P"<'l-. the
""r"'''"",-" '>f!iee", ."It, 1,lay..1 "'ai", r"tt. in the
r..r J....'ll' ('ulf.",1 ...h" tI-<Iinltllly apo
HI Ih,. I'a"'jrtal,h, .t,,-"r, ..I, the "pinion
11"<1 Ihe l,rHlnp.l ca, f"r f.il,,", "f lbtir
1..,.... "... II..,. " k,,...... illllw .if. Tll1R ....
"lttilmeetl ,,,.i,,l) to '>I' tI,..ir
,ill Fortu,..... a"d Philippi""" by thf,
l,;, . carrte. la,k I'rt'Ji,,,i"a,.,' to ",,<1 duro
lhe l .... It .'a, reJ",,;,etlly l'oilUf:<J
Out I],al Ihe Jack uf .,I"'ru./.I' !'l't'rn111"i",a,ltoe and
ehe <'011""'1""'" of "l'ernli"h,,1
"... r.rlllle farto. III lhe breakdo"" of the op'
e'"lIl!O". TI,i. a.[lCtI of d,e Jal"""",, air weak.
n",,. u well .s Ihe lIalUre of Ihtir air
.1\<1 deren,..... depn"ed the J.p."...... of .",.
likelihood 'If """""'" 11".
11.,..1 i,,'oh'.,j ha,p affirn1t"d Ihat lbi. IJoltl
plan " 'w",lIr co,_,tIe....I .. doomed. bul Ihae
"tleh a ,1 I"'rale "l co"""'i' 1a" th.. 0"1,,
dial..... of .""I'liul! Ihe di ;;!",r fa", cl';'
ill 0" tbem.
d, (11'"""1;,,,,,> M I",yl<
(I) tn I fllCI lhal II", JII"'''''''' I,.d .....".
th. bulk of Ih..ir tlef"'".... fon."'" a!rlli"'1
a l'hilil'l,inr .1 L"z"" ."d )"n<la"lO,
Ih.., h.d ""J.,. 0". ,Ii"i"iot, ttt... l\ilbl U L".\1e
"h." II... I."di",....' (}(,.".......!. 1'.:-. j!ruu,,,l f"n......
c..",ml"diuj1 >'l'Ilf'.i(:,rll). .. f Ilwir
I....'e..."I,p)i"" "','re COI""mral ....' al T.d"I... ".
Wh.." lhe ",,,", 1n.,I<. cl""" 10 Tad"""".
,v,..rt'tl hy' "" )""'teJlr t[(';\,, naula",1
oo",bal"\l"'''ll1. lit., I"'"io>o,tri<ken Jal.."......
Iheir HN lill",... "f deft"..... al.. n,I""OO Ih"ir "''1'-
"Ii,.... "nd It,..ir I'rel"'l"l'd ,Ief.,,,.., I'tloilion.,.. a"d
withd"''' 'n Ih" ll(>l1h,,1'O'l I".. II wu
n""""""'" (or Ib" e"..",, 10 "".1> ,..
.,Id "",;ph.... l(, i'n <>1"\11'1" to '''Minu,,, "ny
..lfl'l't;'. defc"",.
I ...l.d.... ""rind. ("",u Or,"""''' to
Xn" ..",hlor. -hil'!,in!! """s """mbJ,,,1 ill
.nd di"p.lrh... llfl 0"".... ".ilh 11"\}(.)1'"' .",1 '''l,plies
RESTRJCTED
RESTRJCrED
ill.n \() ",illfo...:(' the .'lIp."'.....IHrlli.mllt
Lfo.,-t p Of Ih.. ;1:...hipll !i<'1I1. 1111 bUl G were !'unk
C. ellrri,'r lIir aH.rks. with """'I of the
I,li!'li 1,"'1 nml 'eQ h,.. tl.......I' 1_. LT. S. 11I1'l1
in....; on l'l.mnr .n,llh" i.. olr n"rth..rn
rhllnrt' of from
TIl(' .\rn.".i<.'llil I.ndi,,!! ., OrlllO<' w., Ihe 6".1
_u.,,,,>!lin]:.' blo". It "", II I.ff 0l,illlon lhat
th.....,. 1..-... of .. hil,pin!!...IIPI,li II1hl Il'OQl'" in
,he 10 rt"i"f""','f L.., te ...'re so ht'l" \' 115 to
T<'nder il illlll<l>o_iltlf' 10 ,i...I.in .m de-
fen>f' of Ih.. I'hiliPI,il\<"'; "-1";1< Or Hen of
Luzon.ro..nlin]:.' 10 ;:I1.jor Gf'Ilf'ral :\,i,J,ilnllra.
."",i""n1 c"ief of "'.If 10 Gen..ral Y.I1I...III'.
I IlllerT()j...,iolll! t,. 6).
l'-. T"(' .IJ;ttdo.... Opl'm/ior.
II) TIll' .\Inene.n I..",ling <N' .'Illlldoro 01' Hi
19H .... ' ll'-nlQI'hlnll 1101 UI_I...1
tilt< B<>th II", limill]! .,1<1 ,he 100000tion of
,Ilt< 1.lIdill!! ..e..... <tJTjlrLq\hhough .. ,....,".1
.mphibi<M,_ ol",ralions ./!RiIL'" L\lwn "..re
.n,ici".'fd. IIlf're..-u. lrT"1 of opinion
lI:; 10 .-....,... ,10.. illlf'nnfdi.le n>o;ne< "-ouM be m.de
nd .111,....."11)'. from tbe _nl ",.tm.1 ., h.nd
olllhesubj't11
(2\ From .n.. ers bl" the X.n Mini..,""r to
;:I1f'n>orandn'" :s.,. 3. i, .1;PKfS th.t the
:S.nl Gw..ral S,.lI' In..df"" e-lim.le of .\\lied
III.MOO 1 19Wbue<:1 00 Iheopinioo Ih.1
tI'e .\Illes ..-ould rolltinue to be .boorbed in ul>a"
aIld >C .... of ,he beachhead fQr
_,'" ,im... '11M-' n...u n>o,.., ...as lo be ,he
""-, .net """Ih _ of Luzon. ineludiuj! ,he isl.nds
in ,he "icin i,J. in I'rt',"ratioo for the COI1<Illes! of
Luwll.
(3) The .,.lI' of the Air Al'1l1J pI.nil.)
.nlicil,.t...1 that .\.....ric.n fol'C">l .'ould first ell-
:,"'ge in o'erJ.nd ...:cp.,,:;i.... in .11 llO!lI!ible diNlC-
lions front I....)t... 11K'll it ,,u sllecul.t...1 ,hat
1.... would be '''Mde.1 ei,hf'r :S"!Jro!l Or P.nl)'
Mild at Lel""sl'i. TIK're ,...:; .1"" OOlue thoughl of
n au.ck on X"rlh Uorneo lIud l'al"wlll1. After
)1 in"ul"O anlphilliOIl:; run.", WRS !leen und.. rw.).
In I.he Slliu a, ,he JI,pKnt.l!e were still IIl1nble
10 pel"C1-'i\'e r-. K Mcco... linl! to ('olorl .. 1
)latsurnne.llenior .tall' officer of lhl' 41h Air Ann)'
(I.:SSBS 1"1.""I'O]:.'lIli,,, 219-6,;,8).
f. TIl" Linfluytn 0l'eratio"
(I) The .I.pan..</, ,\rrn., Gene... 1 Staff consid.
el'ed tlml it had 1<>s1. the l.erl .. elllll)lnij!1l I,)' tll ..
tu.lt , __ .nd .... II,. ...cirity <II .........
,.,..rth .'I't'rafl
d. A.<1..... s.u""'on I'.M. ..
tf<1Jy \(J lite 1.0 'Wt-
Inl .. vs_.ur
('",.,.;"" tiUk f()f'lVf-f, ('\:.";';\"1.,' CL. t CL
on (lhe llUIin. of tJ. earrier
..c fon:or pnnnpall .. in J'I'I'hlllllW)'
":.",lllUl'llI)rtUII -trib .., tl.. i-la.ndo. X
:"hoto. .nd Jol'lllOlillj. .
'''''''-'J IUt 60118 I CB 9('A.
gno, "d. I C\', II en:. . . .
.I-.lt t.........-m,&4; )101'111I"<. _\m"..
f ..- \PIlOll"l'lld..' tiM' _.' .nllripavd that t. s.
tl1'eJI't, .oule! lilIIb e111TM"r .Ir "Iri acaiDSI till' .
JIOIIle IPJand.nd 00Il1JIIebte land.
111I o,......u....... hro .Il";" Tbf.- _ 10
hal''' bI'm f.id.- _II f.ore.......... ,. thi:
Tbfir .,r 1"l'QlmIlI __of till' Guam .Ift ... I
J-<'hnu.ry ",.... Hod:

...d _II trail-I""""
.It -"1'''' I.....,.. Iarp .Dd II') _II aircraft.
.It ......... 8--;.!?o. .1lCi f.....
_II pta.-
.it -..2 :!:!O di.<;I1III1
l:i!O .ilt'!' fnlolll Guam: ., ahoac 91, mile< W. of
.n.. .bou, If'O'l -hi"", "'" d"""nnd '-din!!
;,-W.
f. On ].) F.......ry. a' 191'1. J.pa_ patrol
pllll1f'i' ...ported "'i!htitul: (WW _UJNlIp IIIId about
13 n'\Ii.<er'! .no.l dfo<t.... In Tin!:, f........lioo.
1M di>1IIII1 J(JI ....... frooD !oro
Jun.......'mi.... to .m_I'''' h Itw ...- )Iini._r
to )Iemorandliln &. -
n... er-y UIll'-etN oir a'lIIo.:k;. to made
on ,hI' Tokyo.rea ... 16 Ftbruan d,.... _reb
1'1..... 011. I:,(l "I'CIor from Ki""'-lll ft.ill'd
10 ,,"urn OtIIM l;;cb .Mnn RDF fix -ooll"t'd_
lhin, nKl..inllC lIO"h .,f I...... JIIIUI..\ooll"..nsi...,
_",b of plane- .'11.- _, oat .rter ,hlS.
b,u IhfJ w""' .UI,,,-,, _uhout "'llOI"l. h i._ tl>..
infQro,.'ion e<'lnl.inl'-d in on._.e... b.:r Ihl' :'-'''r
to ;:I!I'fl......ndUIll :'-U j .nd in
thl' illtl'rroplion of ('olnmomler OlnlllliJ-. of t1K-'
Xa,') (' ...n....1 (['SS85 llU-2).
12, Oki".u'. C"P.il"
. n"forf thf I"'" .llma QI'I'rtItion ronnneuced.
II... Ql'rrtlIIOll_I,lan 'TI'U.guM hod l)ef'tl
RESTRlcrED
11.lu'o}im.sC.smpMg"
a. Afto.r the f;lIecess<>flhf' I'hilillpilll!eam i
IlI'C'i1'1e nllp.rellt. ,he J .....n_ \"'. I ,'" '"
. '"M - . 111 valeral
St.1f lh...t ,heir IICf'e9!; \(J th
,
I
. .. 1"eIiOOf'<'e'<,
ill t 'I'!lOUI tent h.d '-h..lI"ectj,'eh' w'-I'r.{l
II WIlS ,bat the Ameriean ...
Ibf'1l aunoo .t lhe .reas SUrTOlllldin ,"
e,
"" I g.","",,"l
1111. :-<ea. IllJ>ort.nt Ojlt'rational poinu io 1111I1
.rell 10 .1 be .nd d..fellded .t .11
tlK' X.n.. ...i SIIOIo. The J.pa_
oIl]fd"'e ....as 10 hold OUt in ,he :s.II.....; :'hot().
f'orn-...Sh.ngh.i ....... _.nd1 1I'ast, IIIIIU lilly
dnnce as po;;l'lb1e .nd pllllllllf for ,hi'
If'fense of the homel.nd. attording 10 1IItS1r.... Ill'
the .Minister to [:::"-:'85 .'IlfmQranda <
and 3.
I>. Tht :s....1 Gelleral 5uII" ." said to ha.1'
",.de I'rellllralio"s for ,he def_ of Iwo Jima
onlhe belief th.t this would be lIMo of 11I1
.ml,hibious a.._uJt as. preliminarT 'I) ,he In!!"r
Ollt'ratiollll This i;; t",," le\Iimony of
RKr Ad",iral Tomiok.a.chid of the Ge.......J::iulf
planning sertion (USSBS Imem>gation.,;
5) .nd of Cal)uin Ohmae.l... of ,he General
in his .ns....ers 10 q.-ionnairf of the
Jal""-' Intelligt'1l1:'e S<-'ctioo. USSBS, dalNl:?tl
XO"f'mber 1945.
c. From .nolher X.nl 0.-........1 S,aff ollicer.
Conllll.lIder Okumi). (U5SBS Imem>gaiioo
10.-2) it is ...,,e.led Ihal the General Si.1I" esti
lII.ted 1I1e U. S. folTf'!! ...hich would be rommiu<'ll
10lhe 1....0 Jima ol"'ratiol1 "ere as follQ'II"$: 12 C\',
8-10 B13, 2() cnlisf'rs, 50 Df): di,isio.:N", in 110..
I" ult I.nding fol'(;(' .
The Artny Gen.. nol 5IatI.eeo...linlJ 10 l.ieuten
""10\'111'1"1I1 Arisue's roplr 10 a USSBS qlle>lion.
naire of :I Xo"ember e:<l'''ctl'd lhat 2 to :s
"'ould bef''''l'lo.",1 in 11K' 1..oJim.opu,
III ion. The Genentl si.1f further df"ermi .....d
llbolll the end or lhe IhiNI ..-eek in J.ullnrr, said
A"i'"l', General Slnff G-2 chief, lhol lhe
IiOIl_ n/l"a im" I wo wo"ld COllllllf'III'f' a fll'r t hf'
or F"I,,"\IIlr)', bnsing this""timateoll b,' U. s.
JAP INTEL
middle of D<o<-ember 19H. .\lthoul!h \'. S. mo,e.
indicaled Ihat a landin!! "n Lllwn would Will ..
"OOn.lhe)' did "ot e:<pect il 1Il11ilthe ellll of J.n_
uarl. nnd Wl'-re slirpri!'t't"l Ml Ih6 elld)' I.nding at
...en alllf "II 9 Jlllill/ll")" reporls l.ieulenant
Gen..rnl chief of opernliou.1 Illllnning
fOl" Ihe Amtl Gem'ral 51all' dter II 1)e(o('lIlber
(t"ssns Inll'-rrol".... tiou 00'2..... ). l,ike\\'i9l'.
(;1'''1''''' I Y Ilid 1I0l .nlieip.' eland.
in;."" in Luwn lUuil thl'- en.1 of or e.rly
Febl"U.Q. il iss'at ...1by ;:I1.j"r :Si,hiltlllra
n'SSBS Interrogttioll
(:!) 011 1 J.nu.ry \9,15, IhfO 4th Air Ann)' 61.1I'
e_ti"'.too th.t V. S. III.ns wOIIld ClII1 for simlll-
unl'Oll_ l.ndin:.'S.1 .\I>arTi. .nd Ba-
I.Uga;;. .crordin!! to Colollel .\IusIIIll.e.
(3) The :Sa...1 Genl'ral St.lI' Oil I
19,15 th.t ,he IK':<I would be
made on the $QIllh or ><'lUth..est of l.uzon
(alls""rs .\IiniS'l'r to l-ssns Memoran.
dum X... 3).
The n)(l'e'I..-'" of U. S, .ml)hibious fon:e-
north....n.1 from ;:Ilindu.... or, :; ./.IIII.r) '11"'"
!!roU1..d bJ Jal>alK-'Se "lanes bnt its destin.tion ......
1101 ulltil it s .....ched. The first limt
th.1 the J'III.- w said to h.'e kllO"n lh.t
Co S. fOreel intended GnU
....s ...hen the sbips in lhe .PI_red ill Ih..
Glllf. This is the 1e..,imOll\' of Vi('e ,\dllliral
f'ukudome. Combined BISl' '''ir Forte .nd !?lid
.\ir FIe<i-'I f'OInm.ndtr
.-..m-1O).
(a) The he... 1_of ..hillping. IJ'O()IIII, and
sllpplies in the .lIen,pt to hold l..erle f01'(f'(1 Gen.
enl Y.ma..<hit. tn the ronclusion ,hat. f.,lI._1e
derense of I.uwn w.s itllllOIlSibleCl'(lrdi,,/; 10
his .ssist.nt chief of SIIlIT, M.j,)f Gene....1 Xi..hi-
mUn ([SSHS 41S-1.!? 5, 6. i).
,It was de'l'rmin...1 10 resort to a delnring .clion
III Lllzo", "nd Ihe nnw (Oret'!! were wilhdrn
fH1I1] Ihe .'IllIuil ll aN'1I 'to the tHoull1ai"s to the
north .round Hnguio .nd to Ihe hilt" e.,t I)f
"'auiJn; lhe air lind n."nll'erSOllllel in the CI.rk
Field area were exp"..tet! to lI11elllpt to hllld .t
lI'/It lJOinl. Thf' stlilf e:llilllntNJ thllt it would
h""e aoout 50 d".,'s 10 efff'oCllhis "edistributilln of
Jorees afler 10 whell the 1ll1l\'C coni
"'eneed. When Ihe I). S. in ... nsioll struck lit, Lin'
>!n.... I'1l 011 I} ,JnIlIlIOl',\', Ihis ,l..deplo)'mI'1l1, WIIS IdS
thun hlllf COllll'lel ...1. Heiur"I"(::Ullll'nts l!eill/l"
JAP INTEL
..
RESTRrcrF.D
RESTRICfED
.Irawn to counter tl'e exp"ell'll Oil the line
(OOrHIl.'Cliult Ih" N"nst'i Sho,oFo,.lllUs"Chin,,
This plan did 1101 Iwo Jinm. al
tho"lth A" "It"ck oil 111'0 J;nlll, proh"IJly
hv nn "tl"ck On thp :""n....i ::-holO, w"s emis"It"':1.
I;;s said that Ihe f"l1 of Iwo Jima did 'I<ll bring
'"ll' chan:,!e in Ihe l>nsie MTpu.Go pl"n, hut that.
il ha'olp,'C.....olllt'il ol"'lad1.'5 to 1\,.. e1T.oeliw
,,<"tivnticm "f Ihe lat,t "Kel,\I(i,," plllll for the
tlefen;:e of tloe hnmel"",l.
h. The "Tell" ope,."t;..."s pri,,,,,,.,
il., nir ("'1"'"'' IIlp,,,,in:,! he!,,pn).
The 1)la" waS d;,id...1 ;nto"
for the organizlliioll nf the Ildeui't'Sof the" 'I.'g;on,
whl.'..... ",s"ulls we''(" eXI,,-octed. with pl'iority gi"e"
to Ihp defl.'ll>;C l'""pllmtions in Il,..ir IHl11,llI',ctl
onler:
Teu SholO "nd Fonllosa.
Tpn 2-FOl1Il0Sll.
Tpll :\--E"st anll $OlIlh COllSIS of Chin" 'l1ld
Fonn088,
Ten 4-1h;u"n.
c. C"rriH fOl"PP Slrikes and n,,,phibiou8
"1)('r8l;""s wen' PXI>eclctl. It WIIS ['I"",,.,d to
b....."k Ill' Ore"al;OnS b.,' "k,",,;kll"'''' or
ladies dire<:1Co.lllt ,he lask for(;<l
Itl1i(l;, tnl.11sport shipl'inlt. lind
The !llnll l'rl;wided for the eOIlll>ination of Na'."
"".I .\nll" "il' fO,.l'eS anll the of Ihe
mAjor of them in 1'.""51", 11,,,1 tIll}
IlNXI,.ding to aI1Swp.,'S 1.>)' the KIl'")' )linistel'
to USSBS M"'Ill"."nll"m O. Ilud I" stllll'lIle"ts
of Comnlllti<lpr .llki of Ilw SlIy,,1 Gene,.,,1
Sol"ff n;:Sf';HS 1l1terl'ogatiolls 3(;9..:\, G. 9),
d, Li,,"tell:"'1 Gem'rlll .\riSlI". Ch;..f nf G-2 of
Ih" Arm." Gel1t .... 1StntT. tl"Sl;li,..lthllllhe ]1"''''Ilil-
ill;! opinion in Ihe Ann.,' and :"11"." Gene'lll SlatTs
WaS Ihllt Okinaw" would most l;keh1Je Ihe llPxt
I'. I\;;sa"lt obj""li\'{" "fll.'r Iwo Jimll
operalio". nltholt:;!h the"" was !!<Jme "nt;dpation
..f III",l;n..'5 at Hongk..ng lind FO"rn051l (USSBS
IIIt"l'n>g"lion 217-2). 1-11' Illoo reJX'l'ted thH in
enrl)' his Ill"ff had eslimated the timing
of the lI"Xt ",,,jor operntiOIl liS )11111 .'-Iurch, The
determination th,lt the objl..,t;'e would lJe Oki.
,laWa "'as not l'I'ach...:llllllil the I1ltddle of '\1"1'<.'1,.
and this WtlJl \lased u[JOnllll of U, S. task
force raids. the lI'!Sembl}' 8ud deplo}'tncnt of fortes
and frotll li, S, 8eareh n;rernJt and sltbmarine
aeti,it},. The first es1imate I11nde in early Feb.
RESTRICTED
66
JAP INTEL
I'""t'y "'tiS Ihll! nOOlll;\ di";sions of troops would
hel.'lllployed. bUI tl 1111<'" wus th,,! about
(j dh'isions "',,\lId he uscd. Ltellt"nllllt Gl'lIe'lll
,\";';\le iu tl) II l1Sf';BS
8''I)tioll II De
tClIlbe, 11).15.
(', The No,'" 1O,'nel'lll Slarf n'I"",tt'dl)' hlld m"de
pt'elY.l'lllions 'Ill Ih,' eXIII.'I'tlll;un the"" would b"
:In II>;>lnllll on Ok;UIl"'" h,tl' in .\'",,<:h
Ihlll ('V,_ Ilml r...7 .lil';si"lIs of
tl'00PS """t 1<1 ",. l'llIl'l".,,,[ in t 01','''''1 iun. This
,,,,t;"1I,1(' "f thCl lalUliul,:' fon'es was l>ased on the
,xlle";ellte dllll til<' If. S. uHuul\y em,
..l twice tl,.. .Iren!!th of the dl.'fend;ng' tllliis.
The\' t>eli"""d tllIlt U. S. inl"lli ...... nep knew the
.tre;,ltth of the dl'fending fll' ...... Th;s is dis
d"",d h,' H"H" .\dlllintl "'U1l1ioka (UHSI\1';i l"lH.
''O>:'lltio,;s :155-:!, ';). loy C"pt";11 01""""
10 JI USSW, l"t,'l1ij!e"cl' 'l"estionnllil'>!
"r W 4,',). by the Mini.ler t'l.
l1SSII-" .\!tlllo"'l1Id"Il' Xli,. 0) ,,"d C"ml"""d""
.\Ii""z"ki (US5BS ;1(;1)-3, (;, 9), an
at (,,,"(.,.,,1 S\,dr pl,,"lIill/(
f. B, lI.i the Japanese offici,,1 repons
show ti,at it hnd I...<:ollll' ,.".... dilli<:,,11 to "ol1e<:t the
"Co.''''''"I'\' infol'lIlat;on f",' '1I;"killlt IlcC"""le ('5ti-
1ll"les ("';ncel'Oillg tlot' ;llIl",ndi"l! Atne,.i(,lln opel'il.
lions. Ai,' '<leOtlnai.'S!;lInl;ll illld IIi,' IltlAcks on the
.\IHi"",,s ""Pa lll.,<:,ltne l'xc"edillgl." diffienlt after
Ihe landi"gs '" Iwo. A;r "ll"eks on the
",-,"p,,,d ('on",uIl,i('"lionslit:ts. tIS well "s I'l'ducing
colII""",icali""s f,wilities a"d a;''C'lIft. p,.... luction
h." :'/a,')' .\li"ister to USSBS M('IIl'
ot'alldll'" ;\,1\' 6}.
J!. 'l1'e 32nd Al'lny, whi<:h was sb
in the ;\Ilnsci 5h"to. was wal'lled I",foreth..
lalldin/-'S;n Ihe Oki"Aw;l "'"'' Ihat
d;{'"ted "II lltta('k Fo"t"'';;11 0" tit!
S'lln>e; Sh(,to (pal'l ;('Illal'l., Okilln wa)" lit the elld
of ,\lHcll or in ,,",'I)' April. '1'1". Il',,,',,illlt ",,,.In
inh'llij!en('e I'ep",t ,\:I ted 2:\ Ma ''Cit. "n(...htt iHjl' (lit
Inndill/,.'S;n t.he Ke""Ill"S by:l {IIl,'"S, lind
of a" nddendlltll h," tl", G2nd [)i,"isit>n to a
.\I'rtI,I' "E,titlu,te of the Si1tla(ivn." ",h;('h U, f'
f()I'("PscAI'IUI'NI Otl Ok;"8w" (CinCPneCinCro,1
\\'c",klyl"ll.'lIi/-","ce. Vol. 1. 17.4 ;JItIlP I!Wi). TIt!
1,i<I.'S used f,w the [l'-ediclio'l liS tt> 0111' ne:'1t ,,!;SIal'
were:
(I) The snareS.I' oonfet'Ctll'e held in
ton in p.llrlr a!tpnded b.,. Admimls K,nI
JAP INTEL
X;lllitz, nlld ""Isey, 00"." _" ,
"
e."" IUI.II "
tion 0 "IIlIlJOr '"oq ;n ,',' '> '".. lit ICI..
II'''," ..tl '
d,,}'s on tlte blls;s of fl'I.t u lin .Wllt
( ") It "''''' " I I('"(-e,
ere "'ere - d' , -
tmops in the Maria"as lind 2" 'I" '18l6ns of
r. Illlhel'bT
pin<'" "",,ilulJlo for" He'" 'Ip.
(3) :\ l'Oncelltr"tion "f""UlS'. '
, , 'I . rts" liS rel"'"",1
t1l116 ''''II
I
Ill'S,j;Telll"rth
a
n b,-f I
' I . "ret,el"'oJ",
lon, "n, {'IIoo/.!h tllrrv '\ . r _. '"
118 81",,,,,,, . ' 0' ( """am"
(4) .\i,' "U:leh Fon, ,
' 10k' 'O!'<!.:ltI reeo".
1I,">!SIll1<:e " lIIaw" f''O!II th. " '
_. . , lIrta"as and
1'llIllppttle>: 11<'('0"'" 'et) ft"'IU"'lt,
(r.) S"'{'Il FeI.>I't1"''.Ithern had bo..oen a '
, 1.0 cort.>p,c,,
ttl su ttla.rille "et;\'ily >iOutllellsl of
K'II.h". ",'O,,"d Ih" )<ia"SI'i (I'" , ,
. . .. .. ",etl nl' ,.
"".I o,tT Fonnosa. The lI11mber of
n",r"IP '" Ihe 0lt",,"w.m 51""" "",I oIT
Chilli' had dee'-ellsed.
(6) , It ""'S,c?tlS;de,'ed probable 11,.t a fa "orable
I'0S,tlOll ill the war wOlt1d lJe take" b\-
A"",,.i<:,, befN'e the of the Sn" Fl'1IlIei";'
CQllfcren<:e (2$ April) for pre;;t;!-'Il pur[Jose. Bnd
thll.t Formosa "nd Ih.... Xall""i 5ho1O, l">l'eeiall.,.
Ok",n "''', we,.e the 111051 likel,"
h. The :\:!nd A"m,"s "E"ti"'a", of the :,iltllll ion"
discussed b,'oadl}' i;, a (,(lIljret"rnl W'I\' the lI11tiei
p"ted pinus all(l capabilit;es of the .\lIi"'l force<!.
The Allied operations aga;n,t ,lal"'" wel'l" ex
JII.'ClCd to lJe in ;\ phases. First would l>e "CuIllI,le
tion of the en"elol'mellt of Jap",,"!>."
(0" 1;,,1' "III1,tillg- f''01I1 southeasl Chinll tI,tllllg-h
FOI'll"",n 10 III''' Jillla. &c,,"d tltl' e",el0l'llll.'nt
would I", t ightel1ed by ",h',,"'-"'S to B-ha"l!ll1.i. Oki
lIa"'a IIl1d thp O:''lIs'''''"ra Shoto. 'll,ittl wOlild b<-
the ut!Iltk 011 Ihe lII"ill isl"",ls of JIII"'Il. I, Wa't
l'OlI,ide,,,,1 thut. cond;tio",; el;",il1"r, Ihe
!!<Jllthe"st Chi"a lind Formoso, OI"l'lItioll". ill whieh
Ihe .\meri<:ans we''Ill'xl>l'Cted 10 ,,!taek Oki-
,""II'" with i) divisions in .\pril or .\1,,)'. Th;s lat
h',' p,,,di<:ted tlllte co"tli<:l. with otl."r <:011;""'"1'1'"
in Iho $111110 "i':st;lIli1le:' Followill/! til{"
Shoto Or Okill"WII operarion. the lIel't
cnpab;lit\ ill this .\1'11'." "F..,llIllsIP
W"R on "illlCk on Ch;rhi ,Ii,,,,, ",,,I :""lIa JlIll" in
April or M".\' with Z .\",.,.;,. " ,ll,';"i"",. "",I S'"
oth"" lltlllek on
i. On 2;> ,\I",.ch the ;,;,,"." jll([jl'l'd Ih"l th.e V,I:'.
tllnipr IAsk fo''CIl \\'oul<l ,'('turn to U1ith, for'
timp. lIfter Jlljl,nesc nllaeks agnin,t it IS
thought
'>0<, ...d tltat no _lilt on the If
.'o"ld hI' n,.,Ie ""Iii _time bel
'\111"1. 1I0"e"er '-'" i.'; 11 ,,--. and JO
tit I J ' .rt' ,t .... repot1ed
_ B II lrll" tOI'\-' ",m In... "'III
""',oJ"" ."d ....... al,i"d d.. Kenn.:"Th. Yoy '-d
"""'II ,il''' 1 . "' ..... cor-
'k l'<. , l'reJi'"illlr." i.. the
',',l4e On Ole",...,. X.......i :-ih<>to ..._ con,
"' 1'",,1 tl> I", of bUct . -
J .'",nte.ll',e ""I'"rt.",... 110.1 II,..
"1"''''''"-' X"".'. iI' '1, operatio" plall
el."'{'rI! of Un .ir ,".1 1>lIrfa", ;1111..
, .. I.'IIl;(' (,\ II.",e.", Ihe S. "y .\1 IlIi;!". 10 1:8::'88
,\ll.'lIll>n"dulll X., 7/,
j The"1' G' .
. . ell 0 0pl'nt,oll "'>0.< I'UI imo l'X1"""
::0" HI .\bre], ..-itlt tl.. tol""l{"lI.....ml'lIt of AI.
cd 'lIIpl"I"Oll, "!"'nli",., ill Ihl' K.nuus. The
,
ln
l""1C$l' pxpect..d thst "'J'I'lIed "'lll'CisI
M
.ll"e....
I,.., theIr .\rlll." .",1 :"s," .ir force-,.",,;,"'t .\Hil'<1
surfa"" roree;; -""JIOni,,!! Ihe Okin.. o!,ent,o""
"'?"ld ",fI'M ouch ...."-.re d"IIl'f!e Ihu. 1'OU1'1e.-1
"'Ih. <I""t defellsi,'" stand by tl'e;r land
"'o"ld I", .ble 10 del.J' allJ' .... l..eq....m .\mer.
'c." f(lr t:Ol,;,id..n],Je J'l'l'iod of ti",e.
.1 of e;;rort",1 1 "1' -"I...,i.l- .n"rk>, .'a"
OI'!!.II1".,J whe" IIH' "ro.... Or fnonble In"...
Or larg"", 1'"""1lt(>() Ihe", ...I.."" i"
the Okill""'" ....... TI_ "-ere know" L_ -Ki.
oJlerMi"n,,- n""", "tt .-\(,. "'en'- ",.d" b\-
bolh .\M'I, ,,,,I :"..... pl,"I':!!. IInder X........
Ill.",I, "lid the 1,1.",,ill/.! '11.1 oJ"'ntiollll tbi,
ph.......... "e-eriL.d in det.il b." th.. X.,." .\I;"i>ter
(.t.,.-ers to ..., nlldl"n S'n 0) ."d b,"
l.il'uten.1It Gel'enll :,:;."!!" n ....' ....
of .\;1' GeuenJ He.dqu.np", and CG of the 6th
.Iir rn:.>:Il:' IlIterT1Jl:.'ltin'L_
It). TIll' "Kik"slIi Mope""i.."" ,li 'Om;n,,,,,,1
Oil ZI-:2'2 ,hull' '-au.... il .,..." df,erned II to
('QI1I1III'nce I'rel ..rillll' dtft,.- of the home i,I.;,<ll>,
"",I boon".... of tIll' "re'".""e"il1g of t ht ,)('".\"'......
i,,,," ba."",-" ill Ihe ()I;ill.'Il'U
k. Tlte "",ti"'.le l> l<) th" "'l'I"lIf!1lt (If
the 1'. :-;, I.,k fo,.,.. u""'<l i" tbe Okin ..-. open.
lioll ."""rdi"f! to tht S."., (,"""""" l<)
rssn." .I1Nllon"dm" :".l' 0),
(T,. "G Ill!',,,1
ror "">11'!"';""'" .",,,.1 '1.... .- <...."I,ill'd by
the .\ir of the 0!60t> of X...I Imell;.
....nC'l' .....,:
11 CC...... CYI.", il B1r... 9 OIlD'", I ('8.
RESTRICTED
RESTRICI'ED
I:! e'.\'a, 10 Ct:$. 4 CL(AA)'s. f>8
eVE'!\, .1It1 2SS7 .nd l.nthug
('r.rl,
13, Estimate, and PI..""i"gi" ..-
tiD" lot' lr...sum 01 ,be
Homel."d
..U,,r I.... f.1I of !oro Jim,.d Okin......
Ih\" ".1"'_ X....I G\,,'lf'ral Sull h.d no Il>ou,1
tI1 Ih" .,.-enu1 Allied .d...rK'l' imo Illf' hom\".
I.nd cou1.l he TIIf' of Ihe-<' 11.-
,.. m.de il to
,1...di1o r.d"I;'O' ,he .1.1"'- u,io".1 .ml mili
I .." 'i .... nj...,h ,hrou!..... Ihorongltl., elll'di ... em
Illo.,-n...nl of 1.1I<l .... air I'o,,er. It wllS
I'JlIM"Cled th.t Ih" 1-. S. "'ouid in(' .......... Ihe ,emllO
of .11lI('k 10 Ihe end of ,he "'1Ir lIS
Rs I__,ihll'. Il"We-"H, Ihp RI-o
,hi Ill''' h' "on pt",itiolt8 mn<1e it lKJS>.ihle for thp
II. S. to (ieIM" Ihe U$lIult 0" h0ll1elnn,1 ,,",il
,he II,...." <l1'1""rlllnl" 0<:<:.8iol) sh<>,,!<l I"'(!.,;('ll!
,"-If. wlwlI n 'Itlick mO"e "'<I"ld be p/>S1;ihlc. This
rpM"'''.;1l11 is t"OIl'Mi"...1 in the .. of the
Nn .... Minister (nnswers to USSBS M"m0I111111"
Xa,: 0, 7) "ud of Rear Admiral Tomioka, chief
of the N....I Gener.1 Stalf
(t"SSHS Interrogation 355-2).
b. General K....bo-. ennuna,Hlinl1 of
Air Gem'ral lleadqulIflers.estified (USSBS In
343-\) lhat il "'..,-Ihe opin-
ion .t Im'leri.1 Headqllllfte"" tht Ihe in"uion
"'OI"d prol.-bly t.b of 2 roul'!if$:
(I) If Hu;;si. did not tnter Ihf' ...lIt il Willi
IhOOf.!ht Ihf' Alhts ..oold boo in ill Dc
tt>boet" nr
If Hu i. did tnter the "'lIt il ....s thOll"ht
lanilin, ...ould be mam. 01' tht KalltO PI.in in
Iht f.n or ..illltr.
It .... .I;ltl romidl'rtd Ih.t the t". S. mil-oi,t .
("uno 11-29 ill lltin. IItlit Shanghlli, ...
1,,,,limin.,,, 1110\-1'.
(', 11.1''''....., lIlIIIloe othe.. 511tCl11.tioo on IlQBlIible
mons. 1t ...1OS tho0l-rhtlikdr thll Ihe
t'. fO. "'ollid t.ke !lOme of Iht other in Ihe
fOholO het..-et.-n Okina..-. a,ul KrullJlIl, huild
air boIses tm ,hem, .nd U$e Ihem for tile]lping
ror on the K.lllO Ploi" .nd other
areu in the IlOmt .\nswel'8 1.0)' tht N.vr
)[ini"l'r t<> ussns :\Iemornndlllll Na, 7 and
"'l'nUl hy Com",,,nder Mirn1.aki of the Gelll'ral
RESTRICTED
"
JAP INTEL
Stalf (US:;:'!Jf< 300-;"1. 9) di.scloee
th.t Ihe Gene...1 Sialf did not belre"e ....1IlI
much likelihood or a landing on Ihe Ch1l1. OOL'lt;
if sud, 1.1Iding ....1'.... m.de it ...u '.h?"sI't it
would he a 5m.n one d. S....to... ror IlOhul':a1 pllr_
IIolRS. ....eno 1.'Klinll'! 011 Hokhidoronsidert'(\
lib]T.
d, -1ltese SUItt !'otI1'l.'t!I "'11Or! Ihal tbe predoTn
in.nt opinion in both Ihl" _\rlU)' .nd XI\")' ('",ne,,1
Stalls. ..-1,it;I, <li8ClIs<et1 1101' man ..
in Imlleri.1 HI'.d/I".rtel'!! _ions, ftlI
that the .\meric.n ill\.sion ..ould he ",.de
lit K,ushu. Simultanoous I.ndings on Shikoku
.1"" ;"ere htld .nd il ,,u fl'lt, th.1 the first
i"... would be follo"'al "'ithin fe'" mOIlII",
by lllndinj..os in the Tok)"oKllnto Plain 8"'11. The
;\nnl' and the Na''}' jilinI'd in 1\ strlltegic decision
.hat ,he Ari"ke "'HI .\li.\'u"ki "''eA.'; of
KYIl5h" should be prepared for tiefell5e
as the 2 lllo;;t likel," poillts of Ihe /irsl invuion.
Defense al!lO wp"c III,ule at other
POilltt! in the K,I'llshll, Shikok" A'id Knnto n,'ells.
e."he estilllat<'S nS to lhl' f.,relleralloca.
tio1ls and order of our ill"asiolls eoineided
with Allied which. in file!, called for Ihe
first landings to be ",.de I\t Ariake Wan and MiJa-
zaki, a8 ...,,11 as Kushikino, in Kyushll. Th" mct
Ihat the Ari.ke Bn.'" nnd areas or !lOuth
u.,,""tern KJD.'ihu art b,. f"r Ihe "lOSt suitable pllln'!l
011 the K)115hu OOIIS! for bringing ships c1(@ in.
shore ."d for e.rrying om I.rge 9('.1(' .mphibiOll!'
0lleratiotll! dictated Allif'(! ehoiu, of th_ landing
I'oinu..nd theJ.I_neo;e p....diction. f.irll
obriOtlS OI1e.
f. There "'II!! rotllIiderablll ... in Ih" esli
DUI!e5 a;; 10 the timing of Ibe antieipated usault.<.
(I) In the X....I General St.II, the upeculion!
ran;?M from JUITIO NO"ember 1901:; for I"" K\"U
$I'lIlandings..nd from Deor:mber 19011> on\l.rd for
,h" landings in the Kanlo Plai11ll1l ....a. It ....as \:It-
lil'\"f'(1 th.t "'e "'OIIld in K\'Ili;hn or
Shikoku berOrt landing operRtions i" 11;1'
a..... could be l.'1Irried out. This XII"" lint (If
thought WII!! discltbled bJ the Na"J Minister (aD'
swers ttl U8SBS Memorllndum N... i): Ittl'r
Ad'niral Tollliokn (USSBS Interrogations 3;J5.-
2, 6, 7), Rnd h,l' COllllllRlldll" Miya1.aki (USSBS
IlIlel"l'Ogations 3li9-2, 9).
(2) Thp a"nil"hlc Arlll)' e<tillllltCll "IIl,ged
Septl'lIlbe,' to HHa for In
lAP INTEL
.. Rnd. fr"lll January to the ri
f.... l.mhllj:,'lI111lhe Kantoa"", ";, "jr of
Gl'n""..1 Taka"hinla, -:;:1"<;nr ttl lltl.....
(t' OR Inlerruption 4i8-2i . uf ".f
(;"ne...1 Tuo", .\Ir General \ . MUI""",t
In:.\" .\d'011 of :eaf
:?2 I". 45). ndllm , of
11: An i"I""""ing stlIleDJenI hicllh,hlJ
'.,*nese proble tile
dilficu!tiftl in .,,,1 1,1.1Im,. .00 lhe
. I rob "mll" "'lIb
lallon /0 t 'e-(' I) is 1 C__ . .
G
"
r .. . ...'m....."I....
alii. wes .lItenlt... in th" FE..\.' I
MemonndllDl: n
ugai..,t 1II>t>tU' f J
WII () patt.
\\ I' f'xl'eeled all A'hcd lI".sion of 801IIlltrn K .
shu or of the Ilonhwestern CUll!'!. of'" "",
\11> '".
thnt a" i""uion wouid be "'.de
ap,usl Ihe .KI\nlo laking i,no I'OII,idl'ratiOli
II"d supplies. The of
I'.Jlllel"led in Stplfmber ur OctolJf'r,
"'Id or KulllO, ," I he eoming spri"lr. We expected
I tl... U. S. Nil,',\" wOllld continue hOlllbtlrornenl
lJI'(o''I', tI",';".!:' and "fter the i'"'''sion, and Ihal
the 8,h Ai" 20th Bomber Command alld
Fi-;,\ F would continue operntioll!l again!! Japan
to smooth .he (or landing p.rtieo. Our
/I"ile .nd "'e h.d difticulty in
\'OIIOOilllg ",formllllon on tllf' iotentiol1$ or the
,\lIie<l (One) of inform.tion 1I'&l;
rrom iliOlatal islRnds ...her-e trooll!! still
but was "1'1)' poor. Radio rontnIlIDit'a_
liolls \I-ith I ('H..'<!d ..-ith lhe inn-<ion of 0...
lIlOC; IIlltil llth ...dio rommunit'alion con.
linual ...ilh Tnrk R.boIul. bul il ..... oa'1
I'0or.-
h. 111t ofJentio" pl.n ...bH,b 'Q!I d......" fOf" tbe
tler",l;Oe of Iht homel.nd 1flI.! kno..... ."I1>1'K_
Go ,,[.n. '111i appears 10 haf'e belP" ronnul.tft!
in .\,.ril 194;;, lI"d ..-as .clinted fot' de-
ft-n,.i\e .nioll "" 10 Jut. ...-hen lbe 2O-d.y pl'riod
of illttrmi'lent carril'r .'r.tld bon,lIal'd
menl IItt.("k!' on the .'.pane<oe i.ol.nd. rom
,nl'llCf'(j. This defl'll!'l" pllln pro"idfd prim.n'y for
air 0ll(' ..... tion.. .\ II or ,he XII'")' .ir fOl"Ctl!lalld the
"
RESTRICTED
JAP INTEL
/ ,..."--.I,,".4d.... A'''''''' .. W_
." Su,.". M.. C"'" .u_'" ...
:;g ''''
loWrorJ'''''''' Sp1al s...... 0..-...""'-
,

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J. The "'KjOl' SOUrt't'l of i"fOrtt "
. . 10/1 for lb.
IlOr, WIlS lnten'ogllllOIlS of Japfllll'8l! .
Tokl'o lind wrillen I"@,<.., __. _... oIic'ale In
'''''''''"" lh l'ellfl'lllae
"

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,

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"
" "
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" "
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,
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0; ,n
, ,.
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.."" iIIdlooto> Ill''''' If>. , """k......y ... ,." ..,. "" ....." ,,,_,
"A""_" 4l<a<oO lOtal Ii. S ,'0) W<al.t.b .. , ,_.
,_"""" ,... , _,....Icoto ,...,........ _ .. ' .. >01 , ''''''''' ..."
,I) _ .. , """_ by'" I'. S.' H....... " ApriI d .. "",'-,......... b T'o.. "''''.u....
(IJ I anI .. "",.. "'''','' -.1 H "_mull "" ..d __' _<1on'y _" m..<d. "b'ID
<WTW> _ .. ...,' d I>al' ""OJ_.
(l) I ,."""'-'''''0><" _ 'bo' "",""""' ".."y .... moo'''''_ nol' I."om".' ""'nI....
(.) " -..., , ""kl , " Ju H.. '1\0".- '.. ..,dOl '"'y d H.. "''''' at 'be'"
.. A T.. SU_ "".' ' ..' "" ' ,.. ODd , Io"'u ,
,oJ I. 'bt .. "" "" _ .- to Bd ""d >ill,.. 100' boI OU ".,,,'ll<.Io<I.
RESTlUCTEO
8-Ja"".u. H.ri..<Ii oj U. S. "'aMI SU<tifllh Pt."""d I May 1946, C."'I"'rffl 10 Aduall'i,u".
'I
..
End July Eft<! Au.....
F...lInal<'d A<1 ...1 ,.-
1<>111.., ... A<1"'"
p..um....,

-----
---
C\".
"

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,

0._


"
,
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" "
_....Iob.,
"

,

"

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""'

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,
"

,
A..lloblo
"

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en....n
"

"

"

" ,..110...
" "

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,

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"n,

'"
...
MlOllob.,.::::-

.,
m
.'
..
-
j. II ililere:slilig III '.'''IC dUll during Ihu 1i''>;1
phase of ,he U. S. eRnie" fOl"t:c 011
the Kanto. are" in which enuS4i! lhe Japn.
ne.."" to lI.C\"a!e ,hell' KetsllGo pl"n for lhe de-
fcose of the homellllld, there WIIS ncith,-,r air 0llpo,
RESTRICTED
70
ell the ult"cks nor 'lill' form of
-"""'-.:h. As II lhe ["IIids Ilud IJOIlI'
b"rlhnents Oil K'Hlillihhi ""d ,\!lIrOl"1I1i were
surprises. it is revl'"leti in the :,<",'.1"
IS'I'I'S aIiSWel"S I" USSBS "ICII'O""'U[,,11I 11'",' O
-
"
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"

---.::Jl__
,I RES1lUcrED
"
..
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"
"
83
" ..
00
IIfTXLUOENCI!: DUlvEO Faoll -('on.
II. Doct:lI.1'n'11
I. T.... 10
the of Allied 00eu_
menu _ . __ ._
2. lU""tnltio/lll of the Lype of
doeumeo18 ..hieh feU mlo

Ill.
1\'. ALLIKO
V. Ga.... s SOt:Rct:s
\'1. :\"EL"TUL &t:IICQ _
rH. DOU=OS6 t'ROIl .\10
ACTI\'/TY.. _ _
VIII. _._._
IX. :\h&cELL.\SEOt:8 . __ .
73
JAP INTEL hbibil A
EXHIBIT A-JAPANEsE
, SOURCES OF INFO....
,\I'aih,ble e"ldenee of J_pa1l8lle kn ,""_ .lUI1AnON
'" , L_ 011'_" of
\lIied lIeljV'tle8 las """,n scn.ened tJI _
J '-..
c1uS';IlJed OJ) !lOu'"CC, ""lng III! I1lfetl!llCfl III .
JICl'OA, ATIti,
of .JlIl'aliese. docllme/lts. inlerlVg1ltilll'
of (>( wu, Ind J1lJaneoJe mili.
tar)' ol1lclals '" lokyo, ex ,
' d' _IIII' e8
(If information en"ed from these sourteS are in-
duded under the folJowilig headings:
TIlble of Contenrs
DI:llln;n Io'Ho.\l;
l. A'.I,n:n 1'11l60Sr.as OF W.IH
1. IllIllOrlaJice Att6che,I to
POW Informatio
n

2, TeehniquC8 Used__ .
3. Examples of Information
Obtained. __ . _. _
JAP lNTm.
3. Hel'0I'L Oil the llnd 0llCtation
f f
" , 1'<0".1 Air TL'Ch1lIC,L\ Arsenal (adden
<) '"'' T'oo
dllm to ;lIte'Togut ion 3&1. Lt.. ", I, ,.)
SII!>llIitt{'(l W NonmOOr 1\)45. .
4. Bel'0l't 0" Jal'lIne:ie
, ", ff \<lm Tllkelldll, KIUlJ"ll, IJN, dlld
11I11Ie< " ' . -) f
f
., O'"j"" IUS lind LUlll1 0 3rd
o;,>t,,,,,,<;v . fIN"
Depll'1nlenL (Na\"lll llltclbf,.... lIce) <) tie, Ill_
Generlll Staff,
Reports
l. S Qil J aplllle,;e ,\ I
milte<13 NO\elllbo.'I' HII" by Lt,. Gen. ,
IJ A, ehief of G-!!, ,\ l"I11y General
:!. "IkP0l"t on NllI'al In\<,lljgclI<'e
20 NOI"'lllber 104" b,' CI,pt"i" Ol"nl''', 1o
ahika:tll. U:-I. ehier of 1'11l1l"ing,
General Stnff,
RESTRlCTED
RESTRICTED
I. INTELLIGENCE DERJVED FROM AllIED PRISONERS OF WAR
1. The Importllncc AttllcheJ to POW In/or HOlT 1(1 1...",11100 by Headquartelli
11/lllion AAF S,,-P,\ in Intelligenee Summary' il; in.
u. The fullowing from the 51st Di,-isioll te",,"ti,,>: as "'presenting an oficial ..ic.... It.. ap'
plnns or Ma... as translate<! in 1,litation by indi"idual commanders is another
ATIS Blllietili 416, is e,'idencc of tlie importanoo matlu:
the Japu"esc attnched to the eapll're of pri!;Onelli The main point of inter"'!,.._
oJ Will': tioo of pri!;Ooers is to secu..... u'\uh of
"The ClIpture of PsW and I1le I'eliability of their \lriSOlier of "-ar KIIO.'S. blU be I'a.
inte1ligenCt! is a p.-ofifable manne,' in which to ae. tnolic. N_lIess 10 lillY, prisllrle.... of war i'lJ;ls>
h' on their and duties io acoordaoC(! ...j,h io
cumulate inlelligence. Since the eliclII)" Mre w ue tertlationa1 la.... alld it is dit6cult 10 them
{Ol'CCS and do not kllOw ...hat ther Mr" doing, hy 0
SII" amtlting ag>cio;;l ,heir oatioo&1 interesl.. 1l
direct. aelion on OUI" [,alt th"y fan be CllptUred with ... interrogatioll of pri",mersQf .'ar ,s not
00"'1'11 lati '-e ease. like that criminals. For a di.posiI1011. langible
"Th",-e(o'"e all Hllits, 1llll1icllladJ all front line proof is needed, but it i!' abll(lS\. to
units, !;C"tl"ies, and patrol;,. will hM"e llIans oppor- jlldge .uthemicit.... fo;>r lhel1' nO 10 the
t'milies 1.0 unexpecled su:; scope of his k11llwko;lge, and ,f I.......,s, dQ nol
pl'ise alll,cks amI US(l pitfalls alld, III know' (0...... mlS nOl be llSII'([ '0 pi. ",J'O/'J"""r
ab11l\'t challenges He llua\"Oidable. their eo;cape 8tlWIWlll from him. It is 'r:oo' leld
mll;;l be prenmted bl' to ,,"oulid or ire ,hll infonllatloll lP''l''.1 h.... I'r'>Un.
11I0l"tall)' injul"tl with' RBliddeH blo'" 0: sll?h .", is coml,",,,,ti,.ly reliable. OrlglDatlly and
Illenns using posit;"e a",1 dnl'iug orlg
l1laht
S III zeal ,ltould be lI"",l to _u'"" Hue.&lId full
action: J\t lhe SlIme time the high rankin./!, officers "'hal folio"" are h"",.",l I'nncl]lle!' to a
mUSt pIa" to e"OOlll'age alld lead in llus to the .ituatioo where the..... i. III .buoda.."" of
end ihnl PsW bo . ."'""rs ,,",II art '" acoord.nee. ""tli
Tnlerr<lg"ttoD ....... ..
d ' ',)Iel. ,Ie,)endillg "n lile p.l1le"l&r I'"'"
2. rhe Techniques Use. t from theoo> I'rlllCl 1
a. JlllarofJ"li''''. The {oHo\\"lllg Oller, time, and II .......
a taptured bo-oklel, "Jap.ne.."ll Instrllct,ollS on RESTRJCTED
r3
b. n., folio_inc iII
::toJ b) tI.. J.
Jla
_ ....
, I.fd 10 1$oU.... - ...........
,_
.....-. "f Qr i_
in"""""t.... . --- ..,...1- "'JIIIl1;
..,..".,.."" .... .Jth.1lt1>
Ikt.1 $ ..1Id Ittt..\..
J.,tut t r '" .."". HN.1q'1II"",'" of A, he
M J E' _ \mn,
, veltl'ra) .
(I) 1I.....ii
n...>t',,,.-'t''"'"'-'''''
.\..,...llr ,",.-,...... r till! .l............
_,-Go,.
KoatJ.rr.._ I or t ..... lI1 .... ' ..'--
""III. "n...J".,. .... . AIb_... lI"h
......... " k".,r liftd,.
Fi/rl''''", 1'...,,,.
\l1>eolJ,.' 1 II"" _,, 111 Kabubr
I' 'u,l G.rtb .". Iip/<I". "'" I _
H"rkinl(' 1-.o"d.,. on K'uai ..nn....,lI.t
l'IlY, uu..,bt-r . 1l. 'u_
I'BD:
.\/JQ".r
Thl' -_-.--...J t6.w --. f....
manoIwl!'...... f .. tIw .1..... :-lan.d: do ,,', bo..
_Io.lhtr ttltl'\' "1ouw", _"..1m" ......
forlheairf(ln:eo<l. r
nOi '[..... n. ..tiooetl tI..,,,..
Ji 1I"'al<>- ."" GrutnIIlIIre _I f, ...
1"'1'1)/,;: ullBlbtor tuibJo-,.....
/31 C."ln..
If,JrllH '--.....:I .......' .........

1'....:/.;.
pnr: ....tIt.
1'.t"'.I...
Comnlllll.li"lt oftirl'r of ,1>1' ....,,1 bo'(' i.. of til<'
rank of a,r _ ........
oaewl. Ilulaln- ... lID- Ill.- '-
.. ".""'" S.
"BY' .I.... t "-
,';j t-lU\IIf,,\i
... ba..., of ."""t 3111ri_ bijl'i>e,.1 of.
Ibr in l'OI"nllln,1 .-itb ..."i< of ",.Iut",l. l'OIlrur-
...."tl....ir rolUltllndl'r_
Gruw_n lkb,(',.. ,'''''', 15-

,....... of ,"" .... a! ba..
..... tM ...II-k (Of <lI1>Ul11II ...... 11.ir ,..,..
lI\IInJo-rl.
Pia" l1_nurt('f'l'd In 111", .\ ....
(J I l'll<tw ".,,,,,,n.i,Notl<'l" 3 I'I.n.....
Hel;"""" phOiO 10 1.. ,(, btoot-n Ili.'r...
RESTIIJCTED
6 ,h, r.,..,
JAP INTEL &hjhil A
bO""" the .\lI1eri..... jri,.('f(. lJlMl
hotlr;;, ho \l'IlS beIWIl(!I'(1 a"d hurl'd . A.t IIllO
\1I I>cCUI'I'('<! 111111<'1' 1:"'.' I.I
J
.!IIl the
j.pl""......" "anly 'rotn Ihlo
(3) Th.. follo.. r .
... . rom," .
-jlll "",,_Wllarll'S f"l"'aM"d i" 11011 Itd' ITlII'W
a, publi,I.....1in Int.. Rt-. I.
o\IRlllO Fore... of II .\1.,. 19-H. Or
l
:","', ...
, 0 '" G " " t 1.. ItIl"lOIl "nel, r. . . ralll1. who I,., ,__ _ -
. , """11 III S
(;lIillell 14 ,"!""'ll ,,"t1 \1'1", ,ill"" , . .
, ,. I' '" 111<1 ""rked
., t Hl 10.I"t,1I ,,1. ,\me'
""id: Ie nelr .\I.,I.n/!.
Ila, bea..1 or llUOll'rou.. '
. "'.-t.""",, of tI",
traru.llOn of "'lltUJ"('(1 "
. ..,,, "'atl'll that
011 0111" .,. IIIt1 in.
formMl 111111 lhat nol one \meri, .
. . an Illln.n "0111"
he [Mll'tlllll,,1 10 I",,. He "a"e ,
I
,
... Ie t'f'Q...", the
11Iege< lIet thnt .\1111,.i"all tll"k. I., ' "
, \ u(' I Il'raleh'
nm orerJul'""l'S(l'ri""u.. ,." lit Bu"a. -
"One officer said 11'.1 th(' ..... I -
"
,
. .
lI' ""pt.......... IMI",U. '1"""t;on Ih('fl' "", "
Ih
..
II I "'ould g->"(' 110 furtll<'r illfon}lIIlioll: .ntI
reqUI .... to knl'll[ ... ith a brootrl;.(i<-kc in_
s"le II", kllet': .fter 011(' or
t\\"o o.f t h's '1110;;1 of t h"111 \\'ou Id Ik.' .\ fter
th" S'()tHl "'".Iillj,h.-:l. thr)' "'""Id
00 I}('al('n and ....1. Ll!'u.J1... 11,\'
3. oj /"jormtllio" ObJ"i.d
.. ('x.In.,I.. of tl", tnle .nd usefuh _of in.
obtained b.l til(' J ....,,_ frou, .\IIil'll
I'r,;;ol1el'l! of Will' i, ill the follo,,-iult ,Iocli'
ill ATIS EnrlllJ 1'"l.oliellll""
,I r[Mlle, of \\"111' made thi."h.rl of th..

-
JAP INTEL hhibil "
b. Tor/uN' 01 PnMII(M o/!Var
(11 Till' r"lInwill,:!: "mcinl ""
"lIall,lIilll! "f ]'Ii<;(",,,rs of W",' CRptul'll<\
were prt"lCribed for the Toroki".
O....... in a ,1oo:'IIIn..,,' datHI I :\larch HIH.II/;
tran"l.t,,>:! in ::;QI>.\C 01:!9::'. Item 1333;
"It is forbidden to lIl.k(' ol1th"'I}Qt disp.)t.ition
of Ill1\' offi<'ooN! Ih.. I'risou"N! of war.
i;"pli,"'! 11I"t 1"'i"'I1"'" of Will' {Jiller Ih"l1 ofti.
..'r!' IIlal' tli'I}(I!;Id of: Fur..."dlO Shoko I K(,
(1,.""hi Sho/mll \\-0 Kill Th;s "":1 Wll8 ,huwn
to II I)('{\.I' ofti<:er Ii",t d.>lS. pri>t111er of war. wl1<>
..till'<! il me.nS Iha, .,,)'thing. killing.
"'.,. tlon.. "'itb !,ri!lOtl(,N! of ,,-.r I:o!lo'" oIl'lfw
rank: Full i, in the hand,
of the fronl tine unit CQI1lll1"mler to kill I'nliSled
pri"""el'l or ;;end th"111 10 the J"(!"".]
",\ ftcr 1ll';8<J''''rs or """' h,,,'{l b._",u submitted
10 Ihe c"n",i"alio" al bau"lioa
IlI'adqu.r1er!l. the)' ....ill he ..u"unlflll
'0 regin..."t,1 headqn.rt('''1-
"Confiscated doclllnent;l ,,-ill "
I'l'Jrilll('I1t.a1 headquarters.
"Dclad'''",I1l h"a,I'l""rl(,J'l! ... ill tatlllo,:!:lI" .0
""tid,,!, IlI"Oll,:!:thc C"I,tllt-",IIII'II1$, ""'mu.
"itiou. foot!. ,tt.; ",tl',\' IIH'" will "hout hi,
lhh "nd Ihe o"e.; ill char,l."" will Sl",d them {lbr
of spoils!) 10 di"isiol1 oom"""d POSllj.
(il) l1J.l' follo...il1/1 information "'as UlraoctN
froo" rolll'elioll of informal101I obt"in('(1 frw
.'a,an('$(' pri"",ll'l'S of War c"ptured n('ar ,\ it.!":
<lIlted 2:, Mill' IV+!. il "1'1"-""';; ill I"te....
i"n J{"I'0lt ,\ [2/3;,10/6:
"An inform.nt. ",hil" "I KI1I111t0'
beheadi,,!! of. l>ri""nerof Wllr rpossibly an .\IIl!I"
anJ. Th(' Ilr-isoJlI'r of w.r ,,'as tied to" I1ft"
lIUe=;liot",d.OOI ... the al\S"('r!1 did 1101 sati"htio'
Jal>l.ne;e Ill' ,,-as beaten ince;;;>Rntl\'. ..xt n'lOfII
ill;! he WaS bel",ade<:l.after ti''''1 hll,:ing be..u;;truri
"" thesholll<!,,'1l with 1. WOI'(1. .\ Sl...:""d i"fo....
"lit witne.s(d the Sllll'" U'"(!WT"IIte. !-I fl1l1btr
that tlw 1";""""1' of "'Rl' a ftel' 1ll'illg f",t fill
"'bleb 1"'t"JX>!:leone ""lid "'as "'leaged,..-lIS i"lefTf"
j::a1l't.1. TIle ...ers did not,;eoem 10 ;;al,;/Il
nd II(' "-as ..n ..i,h ,,-ooden club" by""
...1 J.p.n_ ror aholl[ "ne hOlJr. IIwn,.l'
Mt about 0700 hours. the Amerielill I"'i"""erof-nr
f"P'"I_ >iOldiers "lid ",,,,Ii,,,, "'''111 to I( tl'rtll'
Il
lll
,'tl.wh<!l'e tlll'l'<' we.... lI"(!nch,"'. At 0900
\me,.,..,,,,, 111.lIes bomloed the .irfi..ld. AI
RESTRJCTED
RSTRlCTED
C"'lCl'ruinl! .\NIIIII Intel'rol.'"tio,,: In-
1l'I'r"!-'lltiou "fli"'I';; ".....,1"in 1"'iilOuer
uf d"l1..,'ter. ah'lill. ""',,,on'. emolion,,1
ehanl-........nd hkl'.ml ",,,,la(lol11 ,uiial>le inl"rro-
,l. ..tion 10 do thi... You l11U,;( d"nIOI' a
,ixlh .>l!:'L"IO""ll'h hinl Olll ...."'n Yutl n"I>1
lint j,'\"1 excited H"" with I"il'one" of "' ......ho ....
nIH] "1"',,.1"8 "11,,,,,,1' '1.lont k"ow: .\1
"".I'll "''''lIin Cllim. YOll 1)1"" 1M' ,'ar"f,,1 "lien
lI,inlt '''''l'<"ti,". ,"(!b"k, ur 10rt1ll'<' (!-'Ou"",) for
it will """"'" him to Ii" .nd m"ke a fool of ."011.
of Obtain in!! :;lal..nlf'lIt: :\lean5 "al')'
..ilh nal;on.lil)-Brill,h .nd 1IOOlll'l.
(To "",...;"-, OUI
.111' ".... r :!l'ntimem... :\1 ililary objt<:l i"eIl of
",,,I .\mer'C1I "'" lIHlirdij:1'ious: the)' do
UOI peaet' or f do"'. net',,11 ,njO.Inhla cx
i,tnn<:e of I"..war d" " (''''1'lll,lion of I'"b
lit- morals. deflei..n", of materi"l, aud fre<IUC'H:)'
of "'rik"" ill '00"1' f'01l11tr). '\-'Ih llritisb
lrool__\llll"ri<'an .lrociues(BoJol to "'0""''' in
EI1/1I.nd. Witb tl"OOl_51.te of
anti"'Rr mo,'MIlI'nl in Anll'ric>l.
to .,101'1...1: Turl"....
(Gor""" l ("'01>1"",(,;< !>t'", inl!. kirk illl!. and 1111 ron
,hlet i""oh'i"l! h is mObt
.. o",tl>od Rnd oul" to 11"",1 ...hen .11
f,i6 iTS: inlUn. \\ll('n Iio
lenl lonun' u!'ed. d"'!I-"l' ...tion <&en
.,,<1 II bt-'Ieli.ci.1 if 01'1(' , ..... <>llio:l'r qU('>.(lon;, in
I s)m!M1hl'l;"
"Th... h'm of diJil'Otllforb to
COlllC. sudl liS 11Il1rdel" lurlut'{'. st,,,,illl;. depri,'''_
I'on of ronfi,,('me"l. ele. Menul
to C'Oni<'. :0.;; Iha, Ite "'iIl not _
""i'-e ame II'('IIIII}('OI .S ",hlOr I'ri!'O:>lll'n of r.
in e..ent of of he ...iII be bpi
1111 the ltil, he ..ill be forbidd('11 to letters.
...ilI ... forbicltl('tl t<> inform his hom" he is" Ilri!-
oll('rof war. "tc.
"Arouse ."d w,""i",,... uf ""I'. Slith liS
do Jon kno... "-h,,re )"ol1r "'if" "0"" lines!
that d'51riet .... ' ....... boml..tl I"y (jemlalll' re-
"""Ily. Do)"" kno.. 10 ..hat ...... W has 'betoon
Bnt.in i "" ting from 00 to 00;
If IJbe IB ""?" ,"'fN-"ed )011 ill IlII' able to rell1rn
10 ,Jour. who lire s..riug .C:ttne
(puckl)'. I. ke 1m" wilh thO!!e
,,110 have "'Ife ."d "hildrel1."
RE$11lICrEO
";1. 1,1""'11,,,,1 ,,,,,I lIake,'
(1) "Sl"d al presen' ,,"oJ 11<> fu,u'"tl phuis.
<'4. Plans !OI' .\ll11cking ,he ,\lal."h"lI$
(I) Xone wh"t_,e.'.
":,. Li"iooll wi,h ;Sulm",,.iul's.
(1) Befo..... " bombing-, Olle Sllbllla,'in,' i$ olll-
,i"II(>(1 f'um 20 to ,.0 mill'S "w"." flum ,It\, objec-
ti,'\' in Ihio "''ell in ('",,, S<'llll'lhing 1,'01'8 w,....lIg.
HOl\"ew''. 1ll> di,t,<', ,'"di" wn,ac, is ","de.
"6. Def""""'8 of 13"*8 inlhe Pacific ,\rea
(I) Hawaii: Ilel"SOlinel
Al"tl.)" pe'"SOllllet 2,(lO()..4,OOO. Com p I 1', \' 1Y
o.'<J.lliplled wilh gum,. Send ul' bid loons III nighl
and from lime 10 lime <llll'ing ,he dlly for
.\oou' 200 HUlks ,md l2
amphibiOlls tanks.
(2) .\lil!\I'ar: Abou, 100 MlIl"inl'S: ,1,,"'1' a.... no
lllnk.<,
(3) Caltlon: AbuUl 100 ",'IlI)" Incn a' al'm)"
Intermedi",e ba"", <lefen""s good. Small
Itumber of 'anks,
(4) I'tllm,\'l"ll: Abutll :100 Ila,'al lle',*"ll1Icl.
TheNl a'1l 111lneh"", and" few AA guns. No
'links,
(<0) Fun"fll,i, AhoHl .\llIlines. There al'e
,,,"ks.
(6) From ">6--200 I>a"al pl'"SOlinel.
Xo lunks.
(7) Oll,tlner: There a'1l 1,lRn5 for an aidielll,
(8) Xo "i,'field,
'i. Ship ,\IO"emell's
(I) lIawa": One 01' 2 or cmi"","!!,
cle., ada.,', 3 Iranspor,s a dH.'. mO"ing in ",' Ollt:
1Ie<.'O,ding to his experience there lIre ahl"l')'S 2
or 3 shillS a, nnchor-in PCDrI HRrhor.
(2) )lidwKr: transp\u1s a, allchor, no
\I.....,.ltil's.
(3) Cnntoll: Xo ships al nnchor,
(4) Funafuti: nt anchor,
Ships al nnch"r-unknQWlI,
Xc,," 'Ve"pons
(I)' whnL'\Oe"er.
'i1. Transpor, f,um Hawaii '0 Ihe South
(I) C-8i B-2",) uS('d
for I,il",;; altd high ollieials.
(2) Freigh,: t:se C-87 and Douglas (llll'gely
ellginl!S am} other nirpl>me and radio m"'eriel),
"10. Hadnr
(I) lie doesn', kno... RlKlUl ships, but SOme of
lhe alld nearl)' all olher t)'[>es or aircraft
RESTRICTED
ii,
JAP INTEL hhlbil .\
, ..... nuh,,' whit-h ",,>IllS 10 " In,tauec of ulxllit 90
wilh a hlllf'lltile CI'l"Ot".
"11. f"olll lhwaii to tho Sou,hwe><t
( 1) II t lIkeS n1Jo1it one month ,n Jl"O from I.... waii
til Au,lralia, ro\lt,'S ullknoll'n.
"12. alld I{!.'<:,ipt of Orders for Air
Allncks in Ihis Arca
(I) .\fler lell"in;:- Ihwaii. the Sllltlldroll
III"H" "I"'I\S s... "l'Ilc">l ,,,\\1 lea l'nS of the It> IS,
,i,," fvr the lime. Deluils t1l1kno\\H. I, ap-
1"'''''1 Ihllt no,hing like n slll-'Ciul radioed is
I"t-'I'ei\'cd II tla)' 0" so befot'c, Ite Kllack. .\t ,he tUlle
(,f Ihe :S-alll'lI 1I1l1tck, ,11'0 ;.tencral otliePI"S were

"13. 1'''''"01 ue,i,i,l'.
(I) By or bou, for "hou, 100 (H"Uli'';IlI)
... lit hoth Midw"v ,,,"I B\' ,,,d,,,' fm'
aoonl 100 (IU'U' iCIII)' 1Ilill's. By 1'It'l'(}lpl11n... 800
(Il>lutical) miles ou' (4 ,,",,tches), 1'1lll"OI dir"C-
,im,g lIuknown."
e. An imerl"<Jglllion lllbeled "Heporl 120" and
p"bli.hed by U,e 31"11 ,\i,. AI'm)' 10 g.'l"ember
1!M3, eonlaills detllile<1 ;ufOl"lnat;on
the 9,h 1{''I-,tHll1l1is,mnoc Sqllnd''Uli. The
,"hle of e<>ntell'S....xlllleled frOtll the ITlIliSlatiol1 in
.\TIS Blllh',in IO'J8. is illuSlrative:
"I. Smmna,')"
'-11, ltems III,estig"ted
l. Persollal Hislol"\" of Prisoner of War.
2. .\Iovement 10 Bc;ng Shot Down.
:I. OI'J:,'lluizat;on alld Disposal of the AmeriCUH
Air
4. Flight Situalion,
r,. Trll;nillg and Instructions.
Ii. Rep,,;r "lid SlIppl.\'.
7. Cl,","cteris,ies of the 1'-:18 1111<11"_5.
8. Condition of PnndlibeStlwarll Airfield.
'''\llnched elull1_9th I'holo Stllu,dron Ol!,'llili.
zll,ion Table,
"Atlaehed ske'eh l-Mo"cmclllS of His 1'11111"
"Altllehed sketeh 2-ClimerRS J lIstlilled Oil P--38
and 1-'-5.
skeJeh .1-P,,"dahl'1I1IWllrll Airfi.I,1
(early Sep'ember).
"Attnched 5keteh 4-P'lHdllbesUII'ItI'U Ai r 6rlJ
(clldr May),"
d, In,ellil!ellce rcpolts clll!!/!ificd )lilitnl'y VU'"
Se.::"el. dated 25 :'io"embel' 19-13 to 16 March 1M<,
""dollsl,l' hy ,he 41h Air AI'n'.I' S,.ff
Se<:IIOIl, the 1811t A!"IlIy Staff 8e<:,iOIl, and the ISlh
JAY INTEL Eltbibil A
\ IIlV Hell" &helon H"tl,!llllartetll aU L,
. r. ,I 0 'oge Fore Tt f]] ,"1',..... to lhe
31,1 A_lte' , ., 1', Ie 0 ow'ng eUrnpie _
.(,rueled f,um A/IS lIulittill 1250; q
to the 8talement of _n AI]] .
,] A
. \ 'e< prill,
Oller of \I'ar, Ie me"lean ( rilly PJ"Ollu<'Cd durin
ti,e middle Plt!'t or Jul,l' of ll,is I'ear a n OIl
fi"hler. the I'-Ill (North Ameri;;'n) Th" m
h
'
, eyue
11..."d,' to lise these at home and ill ,he
Fllr"]",,,n I Itentel", lind tlwl' ",ill ......,. .
., . ,"""-' appellr 1I1
Ihis ll,"('n .. II"s plane h.h Ihe SUme engine as the
1'-10. It IS used ns II bomber Or fighter. It
is e.dremelr (mIlX"nUm speed is O\"er 800 km,
pel' hour); Cl"IlISlllg caunolls Or four 20 IIlm. can,
1I0llS,lIlid 2 lll11chinegllllll. It enn Operllte at 'retl
nUitud.s "lid its lIlulleu,el'llhilit.'" is greltl'" g
e. Thtl followiuj.:" tl"ansla,iOIl f!'l'm JIC1'O,\
Item 7:184 is of II JaIlUllese dOClllllellt CllptUred on
Mnkin lItollnnd issued 31'11 Spt'<'ial Base ForteS,
.\l.kin d"l"cllluent, on 2(; Oc'obel" ASH'r-
isks imlit'ale mltleri,,1 omitted by JICPO,\ for
.'Cltsons:
'P,'isone,. of Will' Interrog"tion Report.
"Dnte of captllre: 2-2 O<:tober 1943.
"PIal"': .\lukojilllll (nih'l 1.<lllIU!) ill ,\lllkill
,\toll.
'-Prisollel'S' "allles, rallks. lllHl hi,iories:
"Pilol_X,,,".\" I__'r"c li"u,ellallt (jullior
gl"ade)* (28 ye>l'"8ol<l). G...<lult'ed in 1938 from
;.loti'" D>llIle Uni"ersily (which is II school of thr
F'1!neh Syslem) ill Chicago. Thel"\!afler he """"
pmplo,l'e<l IlS II ci,'ililln pilot. He has .lone n.i.,
,ion wm'k siuce he waS 17 ,'elll'S old, He enlerMl
,h. Nu,'y ill l!l41, alld "ftcI'; yenr';; t,.,.ining 8en'Ml
IIlainly liS a pilot instructor. His 1're8l'lIt lour of
dutl' ;s {he first in combat. He became I( lietl'
le"'Ull (illnio,' gmde) in Seph>lllber of 11l-I3,
"Radioman and pllO'O>!rll),her-:-;a".'" Sl'Jnd
cI"!!/! petty ollicer. (30 Jeul"!! old). X"""'l'aper
I.'"peselle,' boforo he cnlcred ,he sen'ice,
!,'lllllll'l'-NI"'Y !l<'COHlI class I'ell)" of
fice,' (20 years old), Farmer.
".\('<:(}nling to a of lhe priSOlier of ,,"ar
s'ol"ies. 01\ 5 J ul)' t ":0 c,.>Tiers (I'rinceltJII &1,
leQu Wood) left Philadelphia eM"O}'tcd fool'
destro)'Ct",. They SIdled 10 HOllollllu "il POliarna
"nd in It'ltilling. I,'fl HOllollllu (}I'
12 Sel'temlJC" C$C(}l"lcd III' ,11'0 ligh, cruisers alld
nnd p.....:edcd in a
,lIlWlion at a speed of to 28 kliOIS, wlnlc
action ali(I " zi/:",zag ""lIt'l!e,
j"i
etIm.... I", C01J-'" '
of Il>uul U},(lO(j, . Ilftftft eurien
nleY It"'e 110 L,fJ!lII .'Ib I lop Iplted of 28 boa
. 1'1"'" bul....... ]
:t.j '"m. and ;.7 Dlln 'h' -'3 llotll oflll)
,. . lIW: IDe 1'1.... Tbe_
<"Om""'''lelll of eael' .
I' "lI"tn carner _,.. f ....
"1111>01111 Fd'! .."I 5 G TO 0 -
, , I'\Ullmln F.. One or
"'0 I' alles .lfiIl elrril't! .
"SIlI"",lCOOrding 10 lhe lhe ph&.
Olltrs of "'ar "'e", '"ppltlttellta
w.re ",,1 boa I I ,rr ptl"8OJlDtl, l!at,
I 1"1 t It ewrr..... "'''''" the Iilrikin
force lefl IIOIlOlol u in a ewrrier bawd pl."",
11l1(Itd Oil ,ht tarrier -"-_., ,., .,__ ,L
f II .............. m,,,,,, .oU"'''l!iIt
o onolulu&! suLetilale ptJ'Sl)llnel.
"'I1,e. Gromm.n TlW (ClIrr;er_butdj is in_
!!It-ellgme plalle ... nl, of ,JQIJ kilonltlt...
'':'' ),ollr "nd. nngeof 4.000 kilomttl't'!!nd llao.
110rsellO...er eogine. It is equipl'td "'illl I
mill. m.dllne ...itlt 200 f"OI/nUs of ammu_
IU!lon, ..,,1 2 'i.7 81m. mullin. g"'"" ...illl 100
or 11ll1l111nilion. forMel1 gun, this.
l\ carries 4 !( 2:.Q.kilognm boolbs. Aboul half of
tlll'Se pllnes .ret<jllippttl ...ilh radar.
"The strikinl! rlJl"tt th.ngtd i,s MlltSl' 10 ..est
,,"hcll al10111 :lOOmiJese.st nfT.n.... iUlheG;lben
10111111$, and ,b..... fttr mo."t</ in .n ..... llOOlt
100-200 mile:< .. 'lJp 'peood.
'"On carh mission. all 2:, pl.1>tII uke oil' from
rarrier. The ,;hiJlll send ,hm> .hem"ely.
Some of ,he pl.aes ",rry OUI "",",urit] l'''rol o<e.
,he .arri.rs.
prisonpJ'$' Ifl."e (TBF) look ...1I" II .bou'
OiOO hours (}fI 19 Sel>lember in ordtor III c.rry OUI
........1I11.i_oce vI resul.,. of
opel"8'ion... .rr;,'et! o,.t Ta.........bunl 0900
h"ul"S: .nd fter Ih." h.d ol.d. one I"d 1 h.tr
,rips ia ,h.llOl1b and so.IIb d;l"!'t1ion ..-hile eol"ry'-
;lIg OU, j,hOl"l1,..phic ,h. f""llallk
of ,h.ir pl."e "'lb hl1, llid made. forr.tll,"d,
inl-:" .bont 5 mile" 10 ,he "",Ilh of BellO 1,;1.",1 (lll
uu;nh.hi,ed iolallll) ...he", ,he," ....tn.ill"" f<>r 4
"'....""- I/o"e'''''' h.d 00 1'1"O,'i,;o,l8. .1Il1 nOl
l>ein" .ble 10 gel .Iou!l" 01' """""ul", Oil 2Q .000oher
the,,",ue '0 3Iuk<ljitn. (Bibl; 1,1",d) UI <l1'Iler
'0 ;"'1 some food,
';While in ,heir I'1llKo-r arltr I>CUll-:" fOl't"l'd
.!O\\'n. ,11l'>O' ,nell "1.",,('0(\10 l)oul!l.s liBDs. 11",y
\I.'" qlll:.tiOnN .fltl1htr 011 lhl;; llOlUl, KIl.1 ,h.J
,;oi.! ,Ill' Ih., ,hd uOl kuo.. "ht...r Ihere....."
.1I00her 51r;!.:iul! fo....... 00' lh.1 ,1..."" 1'1.11<'$ Hld"
"","em>
RF.5TRICrED
c"k'(l lh"t miJ,:ht h",-e I.,,'('n, The." &,i,l tI,,,t
""I., the of Ih,' W'l11M kllOw th,,1.
Th"." ,lid 1101 kuo.,- "n... "I "llllhmll lhe
"a'"es of 1111' eS\"(lrting lh,. ,,11'ikiug' fol'<'<'
,,,"1 on"!!,",,
Thr,.,' ",,, 110 ships of 011"'1' f''''l'<'i< "lid-I'''
"fkr le",'ing" IlvlIol"I". "l1hollgh il COli
j.'CllIt.....l thal 11",.'" c,"ne Wilhill I'"nge of "il'e,."ft
OI'"mtil1l! fl'''''' Ihe l',l\rnyl'll '''hi Canton ba".':8.
.. th,' "hil'" di.l 1l(>1 refuel (III ,;(a).
'Tlw.'" that the,,\, "('I'\':? ollll.lll.'"pe ni,..""fl
c"rrie", llnchol"C.l in Pe"rI llllrhor. b"t 110m there
were 110 plnne,; "b"ar,lthem: and they said lhllt
Ihese weI"ll of "0 ("",,,,,! "hips. "01 c"nien;.
TIIC" nJ;;o silid lh"t lhe,,, W,l" one cmise,'
(in 'l'NIl'1 JI'"'bol", d"n1l.ge,l in the Solomons) "nd
that one sunken Iitl1r..loip lInd lj 01" , destroyers
could he <;('('11_
"Pl"i","er of "sr Slllted Ihili. although they
"-1'1'1' not ""I'e. they d,oui!'ht r2 or 13
large l."pe plllne;; at the "irfields On Q"hu.
"They did nOt use c,,!or('(1 whe'l the."
sighlt.'(llhe SUDs heeause the., w(>re worried about
.....l by J''I'llnese pi",,,>;;. and wert\ n"t
sun'! whether 01" nOt lhese weI'(> Jalllluese plnues,
EH'... Ja.,, as Ihey drilled. ."aW Jal,ane!;C
Idane!:! go b,'-'
did not imme<.liatel.\' gi,'''' themsch-es up
when a,.,iH'(l at Turku,"t!re IsllInd (an ulli,,
habited isl""d) heellU8e the.,- did not know
whelher or nO! fOOlI 1I"0uld be gi"en them, and
lJecau"",, they Ihat would be kill.....!.
'The)" hlld expe<:too to C>lCalltl 10 solll\!wh"'ll if
they were not rapt"red when th(>.I" calli\! to Muko.
jill1a (lJikati Island).
al'(> SIlid 10 Ioa"e told lhe Ilati...,,; on Bi.
kllti the foIlQlI"i"g: 'We are confide"t that the
Cniled SllltCll will i'll"lId... Ihe ami lh...
Gilberl;j in December aooul Chr;,tmus time. and
recapture theo>e so do,,'t treat us rough1... :
In the inter"'1-'lltion they insiSted that thel' had
n01 mad" this .Ialernent."
f_ ,\n01loer Jo<'umem ba<P.<! on l"'i:lller of WIl"
illf(,rm"lion sl,o\\"s its diSl'emillatiou bv th\! :11'1
DellHtn,pm of the :'ia,'y Geneml
Staff. which l'ul"li.h('(1 1101' followiug report as
'-.\mel"ical1 Classified nep",.t sr' Jnt&l
2J October 113. Capttlre<1 0" Makin, it was
tran,lated.ll! JICI'OA Item BIG-I:
"The conlents of the repOlt I<'ill b\!
RESTRICTED
JAP INTEL hllib;l >\
l",ndll'<1 with g,.pnlt'St SC<::I'''')'. Tlllll' will not be
to n")",,,,e u"t ,Iil'-.,<:tl)" concemt'(l. Of
''O"rse it i. 1\,,,lized thnt this j'('port will pa!lll
through <:ha"IIt'ls, but ext'''''IO eir.
cU""I'. 'etion is "1'<1\lil"d,
J/fI(raihlll ""Iral Sill/lllioll (",,/
(S<>"''I'e: of 11'((1' ''''1:1'1'0_
galioll)" .
"The l"'i;;o,w'"l; (2 Ibt l,eutell"nts of the
<:1"11" of ,.1J-24) loO"6 be<.>n e"glll;ed ill Ilntml dUll'
in ll"wlIii f""" Nv,'pmbe,. 1V42 Iv the end 0,1
Ill-I:\. The gi'l vf the interl"VJ,""tion follo\\"s:
"I. OUlline vf ClI',,"ying our I'"trols.
n, CIl"i" of COllltllnnJ: The comnlllnding officer
of the Na,-al fOI"Ces in this directs lhese 0llCr.
"tions, ,",ll ,\,.,"... ,\ i" Forces "I'll nuder his COlll
llllllld for control ne! i,'i lies.
h. Nun,lwr of palrol pl"nes nnd number sent
ont: XI"',,1 eaplnues, 1'13 Y, Bpl"nes; Army bomb.
e'os, B_24, 8 pillnes, The tot,,1 of 16 planes is b>lsicj
bOlt. depend in!! lln lI\"teri"ls. illlri othe, d"cum.
llornllllJ... 12 to 16 pl"nes 1l1'<l tlSIX!. In the
pll.t' n"mlhs there WlOS nevN'1I time when there
WllS less th"" a 'nini",,,,,, of to plnnes.
c. P"trol ''''ellS: Ge,,,,mlly di"ided into 4 "I'eas
of no,thwest, nOl'lhe"sl. $OlItl'\\"\!$t., s<"'thellst. If
thN'e II'" "0 ""uslU,lsit""tions, Ih\! whole urea is
C<J.'IllIl)" patrolled by ll,e 16 planes, In Ihe past,
emphnsis has lICe" pl"ccd 0" the "orthwest dis.
l,icl.
"2. Th\! Pia" is Shown in the Following Di!.
granl [nol reproduced).
a. III Cllse lher'(l is no p""licul",' ehllnae in thl'
Sil""liolllll,d lhe ","('''s ""e ""t""Il)" p'ltrolled [not
11']l,od',,:ed).
b. When emphasis is pl"o.:ed on the northwW
dislrict [not repn)(IIK'Cd).
":1. How lhe Palrols "t"(' Curied Ollt.
". B-24s lind PBl's 111'1' disposed Ilh.er"atel)"
ol'der' to facilit",,, ''('SCU\! in c"se " pl"ne is forttd
tlown), .
b. Dist""ces out to Sl'lI b)" plnues: The general
t'ule is BOO miles, buj t'lking into eonsidern(ion I'"
e"e!li
ng
meal. they tlsUlIlI)" go 700 miles ",Hl ....tu
lll
horne, The leg of the cotnse is 120
Tloe scHch ",'e as sholl'll in figure [nol rel'rt>
dllcetl).
c. Time of deplll"tUl'<l lind r'dum (,,11
lit, th\! S"llle lime): Oflp"rlU"e 0/00, relU""
1100 whcli going" out 100 miles,
JAf' INTEL Exhibit A
d. Usu"l uJtitrt(!e: 1,000 (305m).
e IJa."leS used: NlI,y-I....QlI LeWlOQ P I H
'I\'K .,ear.,.
,.hl' Knnoeo Ie. f .rm)_ "huk" FOJIII 11 k I '
- , K' KIP' , ... u e'a
II'het'lel", ua Ollomt. SO!e:l'heArm:
11'1'1'1' dlst I'lbuted olle "'luadron to eaeh
one :1"udl'OIl had lhe .lilt)" each (ily. LalelJ':
loow6\"el', each 5(ltladron has been !it'llding out Ihe
re<1"iretl111ltllber of IIJRnes e"er)' da.I'.
f, PlllllC crews' dut)": Ail 1I rule, cre"'$ go up
once a week. B\!cllttse of 1\ in the number
of plnnes, lhe.," "I'" used tWlct\ II week, bUt there
..... SIlid to he of extt'/( crews enn when.
e.... 1I' is "sed but on<:\! a 'n:ek.
g, ,\11 us,'.nutOllultie piJ"t COlltro!.
),. Blldur- is lIe"r th\! extremity (If pa_
lro) oul.r. III tillS ",anlle", gllJlS ill the plltrol de.
fense are ""oilled, (The effecth'e muge of the ra.
dar is Ilbout 90 miles,)
i. Methods of contact with the Radio is
lIsed to report disco"er'S of tllP cnemy. '\$ a
prindple the)' should report theil" position e"l'n'
h(lllr, bUL there Ill'e who do not. Call sign;,
elc., "'"(} unkllown.
j. Code words: In case of a forcetl bnding and
<1ispatch of a flring boat is dcsiretl. the
mde wOl11s n'"e used; "He,'\' we "''<l b""lhering tlUb
ill J" lion <.'\"(>"t"f r"IUl'n bcclllLie of bad
weather: "Thelll is f""nl:' Others lIot deliI'.
k. Exte"t of ,,"enlhel' hindrllllce: [f
IIO()I' ""Iv", 'Ill "ititude of 1.000 feet. the plsn.
lIIrl1S b"ek. If il is I'ninin!!; bllt there is good
"isio" at the e<.lge of tile storm, the p],llIe will take
off. HOWll'Cl". if VIl tloe wlIr il .houl,J el100IIl>ler
d.llS6 clouds, 0 ... plnue should pHtrol the area. (If
goo,l unti) th" rt'glll"r relllrn ti1lli'.
During the, "'omlos, tllke.offs wet<' stopped 3
limes due to inclelll\!nt wealher.
J. ["'i.nlll" '''''X'J.!"ilion: l..oO:llti"" of ,\lJied
ship!! is jll-e;'iOllSh' k"owil. In <:a;;o; II is eu-
('()Illltel'ed, t h(l shi I) wi II fi,'<l" )Jrea rrangetl co[on!'<!
nare (red. blue 0" "I'('('nns decided for that ,Ill)').
X ' .. p'
. ext, the p)alle willfil'e thesa"'eeolo'/la..... r,s
01,1'" elaims thnt Ihe of .uforce",eut of
"I<reement c""SlXI 10 iIII tn tlmp bomLos 011 a friendly
sco"illg n "eat' lIud ca",in!' C'Jn
.lam"!,,,,.
m. Night pnlrolling not enforced. .
II, On [>111"01: 'JIlI'eIl 500 pound
l.olllbs, weI) lIS 2 )< 395 gallon (150 liler) ["CJ
tank> of gasoline. lIre cal'l"iC\1 in lhe bomb
0. Whnl all un_tilled p/aoe
iJJ.made Ift.n .-
Injrllaldfntily. binrand-ar..
p- On thf
lltalil>rlll. bul IIUIllL. _' .L _ ndar
Th ' """'nu... '0!eri<rr ill IIIIbJown.
e'r eltectiTflle;oj ;" from lIS to tID Illile-
q. After rMum to ,-_.... L__
...... __ .._...
a"l' <lIhel" Ullusual Offll' ' ....
detailed ....p<Jn of (el1'll
Outlille "f tl... ,,'l'Iel;h ""lJfk , tbe \
III U"'-aii . 0 It orte
a.. "'ffok IJIIT (";ItT)' out the palrol "" llf.
scr'be<! 1II the patqral'h..
b. 1he l<]lIllirou in patrol take.. tin
of rest I fler flI.'rol. bas been ab.nd<>ned
as a lbrof rt-.m?" lb. bomhi"/!'of I'earl lI.rt)(,r.
. e_.Of th.';"'.1IIial! he J.}-.... Ih"", I1'l' <pellt
In lro'llln!: O/lerolioo.. h ("Ik,..-<: llombillg
(.pproximately.1-4 hou", )-1M boml>inr
rol1/l"C 's 01' the "l.nd <>f Klu.i.
bombs Ire drol'pt<1 on a I.arl1tl CtJD>l.."liol!: of ...
ffillric eirel<'>i of :;) ftel. ](lO feMtld f_
diameter. Gunnery" tnini"" II!'ProIi",.lel.. :!-3
liourB)-fitilll! is ....rTifd OUI on I <w.."I' bf
a 1'_iO (the m...lli,1I' J!UD .J"IIWllfllt of
1...." modified .nd il h.; been C'UlIt1<ned into
a night 6/.>J"er) . .\1.im.n.1I(i:' J'1i!rl>1 (apPl"<oIi.
Jltateh' 3 houn;)-Illl'lle<'Iim of and Oilier
thing;. and makinf! COOII*" dp, iatiol. corre<."IWn_
1114' tWll dns wMn tM....re no lIij!bL'. "penti.....
Ire 11I0IIe.lla pi..... The<:re..
spends its time s"'immu'l'" II thf du], or ......,inl!.
I......e or f"r diy, ,,{ b<>lidor
rouli" offic<..... .rt llt<'lII;uf'd to ",,""f the
,1.. iOll" uight fllr ire&> from ,,-hicb rould
....lurn wit hi" ::! i>oul\- Iorrin." ill : hou.,..
al(>rt1
. n,e .,a,e of ""I'I'J;'" in O..,,,,i,
I. III gelleral. no Ji!li.:ulty - e""""ntH"f'<l ;11
.$UJ'J,h.
b. .w....re ill (II' of
O'lCI'. nlomh. TIll' of tn :;(l-l"t",rt
""",ned Ill' Ipproxim.'.l}-
III ...j,leni>hi"" t'JI ........ 111"(1.
" I ..... f.rnl: tM ":'''l.'' .,wl I'ro
",(lwr .Il, 1oI>e. _._, d I '
f ",nlll pl.".... ate ...mto'-..>.'II .1 .....
1......
11
:"d ""il'l"'" in fre,ghlers. . great
<ral an _hIM fi!!h"n 'II
cuy. exf(!I" for Jiquor. tI....... is
nll ....1short.ge.
RESTJUCTED
RESTRICTED
"c...\ir In,m,, 10 lhe fmlll lille "ia Haw"ii
II. On Ih.. a'.. "');..... 1h.. ,.. n.l' fr"ttl 60 1" ,0 pi" ",,'S
fetri ..d "ad, """,I h t" I 10 .. froltl. 1hI! 1u"joril.'"
of the", are IJ-:!r". "",I "1',' " few B--2!":.
Howe'er. B-2;',,, llI'e "s<-'(I for tra""p'WI"tion
.\hh"ugh ocr.,ion"II.,' Ih.. re "re for.
Ulill inllS inor "f " tn" ;<imum of 16 ph..",,$;, Ihe
numb.'" '-ari{'g. The" fl. from Ihe hom..l"nd. "nd
afler" w....k" "e$1 for the ".,,,t1o.
h. Llltil ohOlll )[n,". "II ..""""li,,1 r... l'oir male
for lh... f,-ollt Ii""" w,"'" shipp..1 h)" ni,' to
Hawaii. How""e", w!lenlh., n"*"',,,bl... "",I r"l'ai,'
!>hop. now undet ('OI,SI ,.""lion ill Fiji. is tompl",pd
repairs eRn bP mad.. thet'('. Th"'ll is all remel.'"
small 8<:ale """",mbl)" "ntl r.. p"ir sh0l' in Brisb""...
e. ,u'O,,1 1 .\I'ril litis -,"PH. n of using
B-1is in lh.. European lh..ale, WaS de<;ided
upon. TIl<' B-24. whid, h.s grealer rall)!O lhnn
th... former. will be ",;ed thiefl., 'n Ihe l'a<:ifk lhcn.
tel'. The gl'l"nlpr pn"l of Ihe of B-17s hIls
relurned 10 lhe ma'nland.
"7. The ol"1ne<:1 S!n'llj,."lh ill Unw"ii "rOlltld )["y
B. Pradicalh' e<;Infirm("(1 a 100nl of Artn" "lid
Xa"y of aholll i.'>O.ooo. The Army and X",:.'" <lis
IlOSilion and organiz"li"" is nOI known. Slrenglh
of RIl Arm)" I'eat-elime. I di,is'''". 10,000
me", "-",'Ii",,,, \ di''s'.m. :lO,OOO ltwn.
b. ","umber of plaltes, A,m.,' planes. 400 "ppr,-,,,i
lIlRlel.I: :su".' "l"ne!. 400 nPI".o"i lItatel., : t", aI 800
appro"'",atelr
c. In Hawaii. lhe.... is It sm"ll '''C()'''l:,issallce
school. bUI olherwise no air school.
d. Shipping "'alters unknown."
g. The follow,ng i"letrogalion 011 U. S.
air fotC<.'$ i" Ihe Solomons nltd olher air
were e"t':lIcled from a "otel>ook COltSiSlinJ;: of jot-
ted notes by slaff ofli.,..rs of \'ari01l$ .fap"neS<l 18th
oolll\nands. The nOlel>ook WaS caplured Olt
Hollandi" 2:1 April 19H lInd d"led 2f, Octolw,'
\lJ.t3 to the end of Januar,l" HlH, holder "Ild unil
unkno"n. It isexln,eloo from ,\ TIS Enenn- Pul>-
lie"io" 1,3, .
"Princip.. l Snbje<::lS of Imerro!!"tiou
(I) Air st....ngth '" the Solomons.
(2) Pions to knock Ollt Raba"l (wilh sketch
of possible laudinl' points).
(3) Distribution of air sll",nb"h at Torokin.
Island. :Sew Geor!!i., Gltadalenltal, and 'E!!-
1"1"10 SonlO.
RF.5TRICTED
JAP INTEL Exhibit"
(4) D'''''l'lopmenl of completed fil'stline air.
fields.
(Ii) "'oteS on B-2!'!.
(6) Totul U. S. sHengtl> in Sunth P"eific and
So"thwest P"cifie tll'cas:'
h. Thll following exutlet is from lh" ",inlet!.
I!l'aphed lilt- of theJnp"nlJS(l4tlt Air AI'my News
for lite pel"oll 1;1 J"nunl",I"-l5 'Itlr.-:h 19,14, main.
lai,ted by tl,.. 14th Field Air Supply Depot. l'hi6
"Speci,,1 News 2'2," U"rch
""d issued b\" the 4110 Air '\1'''')" 0l'eml;o"s See.
ti"". in ATIS Bullt'lin 1214,
",'" thl\ of inquil)' 011 mat-
le,'S concerninl! chemicnl "'orfare, obtoin...d from
inlen'O/!"lion of" Ilrisouet" of wnr'
",\. Enelll)" ["""I'"r"lions for Chemic"l '\'''1'.
f",...
Therea"e chcmic,,1 pl"nls iu ",'eoT ordn""ce for.
to,'\" ill lhc Unil ... \1 Silltes, nnd il Cnn 00 ",,,,sumeoj
tl";1 thc' nre mn"nf"etnriug The chelni.
cal se""ic-e a'-sen'l!S center p"rlienlar1J iu
S"l! Lake City, Utllh, Bcsnklln" [presumllhly
Te"al"k'll'al 'l'e!(8Si aud Edgewood, Murrland.
)[or",wer, IhN'e ate cdnClllional f"cilities for
chemical wa,",a .... in llmen"ls under comma"d. [Q
of Inst )'e"r. the pro"isional ehentirol
",ad",.., school WaS ...stublislwd h!l.'ilily in Sidnel',
Illtd "'''S inSt"ucling oflicers who
!It""t, f"om each foree of the J\ (It is said thlt
"" omecr of lhe prisoner of unit was sent W
school in October.)
He"n[ thnt several trpes of J!"S>;cs hnd lx'Cn Sl'Qt
to and slol'ed in Gundnlenual ,tl\d i\lOntllSl'rU I;
land. !-lO\\-e'... r. d"'l"il" "'''' nOl know" due to strict
enfot"eemettl of 8e{;rocy. MallY bombs of >'Hi"""
HI'''' stOl",d in G"odHle;uud,
Each unil h"s 1x00>u p"o"id"d wilh a docum,,,,'
in"lion "nil in Cin"lh,lcnn,,1 a'""" (POWs unit ill
p""lieula,") du" 10 the 1'0S/li(,i1itr of "u
uig10t I!"S "ttnck simil"r to ean'ied /lUt hy
Ihe ./al'''tl<lse ill China..\lso SIX'Ci,tl illtl'llig""lt
'",,[)(It"ls assert tl"'l from &ptemoo,' of InSl .lear
tlteJap""ese h""e h..",u fOl'w"nliu/! 10 ead, flying
I'eg-intent n new lype of )!"S which is odorll"lS.1Id
l'Oloriess. III "icw or this, "irpl"nes \\wr ,1;'-
p"tchcd inlntedilltel.l' 10 I-I"waii. Glmdalell""!. ,lid
1'011 MOI",sbr to l"ke defensi\"(1 Itnd offens
irt
tlleUlll'()S; and at lhe s"m... fim... fhe ehemical ,,..r
ill S)'dne)' for
t'on 'n off... nsl\'e tlnd defensi"e tlS<l of g"s. flo
J,4.P INTEL E"hibil A
. if I hll war sit"al iOll w..:o>ne;s f.""-b' PO
..,t.. . '11 1._ t, "
Ilti"ks AmetlCa WI nOl..., compelled to tI>le rhl"!ll.
I ",,,dttl'"
\<:"""'." Methods of Fsing Gas
(I) )Iethod. of sl'M'r
ill
g fronlairplaltC 11M been
Il1ir"I"..I." streSS<:!d, nlld Hrin/! al tlte lowe;,t
I ,.,. 1'1"" llO<;.
,ible It I,ll" (' ''I "Pp,O\{'( liS,S earri"d OI1t at
jQ feet fl'om the ;r,"Ound, lhe "nern,'
hashe.. u fOl'ew"rned. (It IssaHI lhe B-17 will be
"'luip]>{'(l wil h G"I"'ayi nl; "ppatatus, eoltlaillillg Iii
litc'-S ""el,. Tlte 1l-:!4 H-25 "'ill bP equipped
",ilh 4 ,,,<"It "I'I'It,"tHS.) I hel.., tll'e .mal! "Ild I"rj!{'
of gns ?-,mbs w;e wil.h "ario"s Inll'S of
,irplnnc.;. IS Ihe maIn factor. and nOll.
prrsiSt"UI glls l>omlos will 00 u,;ed.
(z) of gus shells is dOtlc by
Irlluch mortltt'S (7 cm., to em., 15 tln. are lh" J
standn,.1
(3) It cltn be 11lIticip"lt,<llhat gas shells woul,1
be wi lit oth... , shells tltld fired UI)(IU iolands
."d ship".
(4) 11..,,(1 gn'""des.
"C. Type;,; of Enen,." Gas Shells: Chloropicrin,
])il'ho)(..."e. M'lsIII,d. Lewisile.
(I) Them al'e fnur Sland"ro types of gll' It,,'
nbo...... bIll POW hen ...l of" ';,'lIS '"(!gimelll witlt lIell'
type of I!"S whidl is odorl(";;lj "nd colorl\"$\!. capable
of e"using in"l"nt denth. Howe,-e,. delails an!
"llknown d,,, to sHiel secl"t-::y.
Elte,n-"'sl'l"llpn,,,t;On and \<:xlem of Tnlin.
i,,!! Aguillst Ch... mic,,1 Wa]"fare
(I) Completo indi"id""l "'Iuipmetlt CUIlSiSlS of
I!IlS lllnsk, dnlhing. "nd nlUjg"S Oi"l-
mcnl (in tuoo 0" e"n). De.,,,,talninalion unil.
and de<:'OrHtuni""li'lg sohliprs in each reb';",etll
("bout 30 "' ... n) '""t.\ ll'lll,ipl'etl wilh complcle pro-
l"'eti,'c ""lllipmcllt.
(2) (lila to tlidields ""dl0 AA,
lerr uuits 's given br using frillngnlor W"nllllg
.ppa""t"s.
(::) It snid that Ih... PU\\' while ,1"tio"....1ilt
1I.1"'"ii ulld{'['We"t long houtS of g", mask lnlin
il'l!, nl>oui >1 houl"!; d"il,' f/>t'one week .'ach ",onlh.
under II ... direcli,," or chcn}icnl W"M"'" ofI\cers.
GtttldtolclltlRl. 10 lCSl and Ihe
t,oll of (Ill c1ond" or r"in., green .colo
red
pules nl)()ut It lonl! lind 150clTl. ill
are pllll...tl al"Olllld hI' [",inlS to the airlirld. and ,f
tllt'st"t'd comes iulO cOlllnd wilh lhem (,!try
tlU11 red. A tllpt"in oollltn"nds H d,'COlilanllll.
"
RESTRJCTED
che'",!llI! it i, likeh> lloat in "ud
on GlIluh,k,,",,1 "''la n",nJx>,. of clll''''
eath undel' ch" Wllln",,,d of " \I ",.'ant otli('f'r (un
Cl('rlainCr exi.t8). ,\hloough we h",'e l>een able
co make distinction che .cor"ge pl"Cl('s
forl,TflS .hdls and the .Iot..,hou;;oe fo, geneml "ui"l
bombs. the del ails are >till not evid"nl. lJecallsc
of proper Cllllloull"I,"P. aud adeq,,,"OJ seerecy. The
rel"tiollS of the "mmunil ion storehou;;oe to
nir fields in -'[on'_,l", is i'l\licft1e.:1 in Che sk,tchM
on sep","te ..\s t" the
methods which I;""s \\01,ld be bid and whith
methQ<1 would lit' the m051 S"ililble. the lir.1. p,,,f-
erenee would lJe by sl"'ayiug il f.-om "irph"'es,
Ihe second by tiring it f,""on g"ns (;;o,,,.,:.-e;,; "groo).
.\s 10 the til"e when gas be most elrecli,ely
used, it is e:"pl"ined thai "I da.,h",,k <lr on dnrk
nights it wo"ld be lll;t suitable. This is lJec"ll;;C
there wOllhl he no "'ind ""d Ihere would be a
ch""I,"I\ in le"'I)('I"at "re (SOlll"Ceil
'C. The dlllr"etHistics of the U. S. ,,,"my ga"
m,uk: As y..t we load not (al't"'"ClI a gIla
mask of thO! C. S. ,\g ic is a ,"I"a1)le pi....e
of equipmenc. the of 6th
Army have inw,tigating it in 1"'eCise delails.
The main of the ga" mask a,(\ "S
follows:
(I) Weighl
c"<m,,"<:lC "'a.k . (I.C'OO
"" plee.. :;00 P""''''
t,,[oo :r.!(j
c."'nl"e' t.{llt) grO",. (I-"rurko:
.",1 "8".... are Jr!",<tl).
,!OO ....
A_rl..... . all ""''''''.
(2) BreathingnlSistanccs
(a) lnhslillg nt 3 f""l pe,' min"tO!,
eqlli,:lIlellt 10 10 mill. of water (1m",.). Bv de-
creason!! the size of the air pas..""/,'e. '011 inc'.... '"
the resi.lancc. ..-
Exh"linu at 3 fl'et per minute, "f>Si,tance
equlInlellt. to Gnu". of water (3 """.). Th(l'"e,,_
s" ....ment IS !!r""ler th"n that of ollr A,.",, in all
ea<oel!, .
(3) Duration of elfecti'eness
(a) 24 (25 min"tl'S) with a pho"sctle
coneenttl\tlOll of kl! [>ieJ p"'r cuhic meier.
25 mil.luICS wich prllssie sas toncenlration
of 2-100 kg [SIC] perculnc meIer.
RESTRICTED
82
JAP INTEL Exhihil ,0\
(e) 30 millllt<'S with prus;<ic j!"s ('<lncenl"ntioll
of 2400 lsi,.1 pcr (.. bie ",etc,..
(d) The nbo,e me"surements are gl"Cat\t thn"
0''''S.
(4) Smoke filtering (99.:I%)
wheu 1l"C<1 fol' SOUle 1""l!th of time. the
gradut,ll.\' loses its clr''l"ti,""ess. ).;<11''1,1i"ulllbcl1!
in purcnthesis ,.efe, to of 0111 Ar'lly
gns n",sk (Type :19)."
II. INTELLIGENCE DERIVED FROM
CAPTURED DOCUMENTS
1. The illll>o,tn"ee aitt,,he.:1 10 the seizuI"e M
.\ Ilietl docu"wnts b.' tlw Japl"w.<e is ,,,i,llneed by
0,, ,,fC,.encel set fo,.th below:
a. "bt, Oi,is)OIl ph.ns, as t,."tlsl"ted
ill ATIS B"lletin -112. st"te th"t:
"In ,... ferenee co the "''Cl,,,,,,l,,ci,,,, of "b"ndO''''d
ellcl1lY dMd nlld immediately "fin ,--"Olll-
h"l. the,... II,.,; nrtidl'S 0" "1>"nd",,e.:l "lwm.\" de"d
,,,,d the., ",.e 10 1>11 """"d,et! i",medi"tcl)' after
bI,ttle, and the Ihill,!!S tloe.\' posscs,,;, pa'1ic"lal"1.'"
doc""'ents, diaries. :on'! m"l'S which h't\(l vet')
gr...at \"ldue. ,,,X! lu lw
"Althongh "II \lnits ha'e al'end.v Ihe
wUl'(;tio" of Ihis t,,"ofitnhle material, ill
lowcr units hnl"c not )""l ,!!i\"en it, Ihei, full con
sideration. Onl.\' "ha",loHc<l w""pons and p....l\"i.
JIl'c beillg colleded. "Old tl", col1<><:liOll or thf
llI""t, ,,I"ahl" ]"telli"....""" maCetial is hei,,!! ,,,dl)'
ueglected. Hij,!h !",u,kin!! OIliCI""!; will [la)' allcn
tion 10 Ihis poi"t, alld. if pm,.. i1>I,,, it ma)' he "1'Cl'S.
'<1")' 10 deta iI o"e SC<'I ion <)f a l"CS<',ve unil 1o collecl
such malcoi,,1.
ordn'"'l1' ""d '''Mcdtll, except thll
h"'ll'g to be Hsed in""edillr.:11' hI' f,'ollt line ""il;'
m"SI llcco...ling to rcgllllltio,;s L.e sellt back, "nd
"Itho"gh it m"J' llol be InlS"ihle "t the ti,;," 1i01l1f
lHea"l11"C.s rOl" its p'l'lieI,'"li"tl ,"., 10 I", plnnn",l.
so that, ,t llllly be put to inultcdi"tc ntlll complf!f
U><l hy che CI,pt"ring Hnit in Ihe ful"l"6.
sending bl'ck of ellptnretl dOCtl-
"'eilts, and ""'llS will be de"h \\"';tlo ill Ihc Sl'ltlf
llllllluer."
b. ,\n op"l1ltiollnl onle!" of the South SeaS l)f
tu"hed Fo' d" I , '"
. "Ce." c, 0 August [1).12, as q"ole< ,
A 1IS CUl"l-e"t 23. has Ihe rojloll"i"ll
on of e"pll"cd lllntC,.inl:
"Fnelll\" ' ,'.
, . pr'soner.. u"d eUCltl)' dcad ShOll U
llJ"rungcd in ol'dc!", lind cllptuJ'<.'d maled,,1 thaI j;
JAP INTEL Exhibit A
ill gWCI (>lde,. .hould handed "'er 10 the
ofjee
r
witholll tIel?.\'. , llItpply
,\ eapln'Nl dl"I)', 0\\'11I'1" alld, .,
c, . 'I'IS JIll lI"know"
5 tfll".I"ted "' .\ B"lIctin 420 h th' '
;0,.19.Jul.\' 1:113: . Hs 'Sclltr}'
'11 ;s import"nl 10 I"ke I'sW t; , '
f
. . 110)" <lCat,,,,
leu! hod.\' 0 ("WnlJ', trnmcdiaf('lI' ill' I'
, d . C!' 'gate Hurl
Ir.\ 10 co1Ject oe'ullentllrr muteria!."
d. Hith A!"IlIY lnlelligelll'e &,,ice u. , '
, , , Rttons
of;l J),..-:c,,1....,1 J 41, ill "SOPAC '
, "10 ,',. '. >;Croftl
iX/-lS, ,Iern 'k !l'n t "'''C
If eodl,llxl<lks "lid (jlh"r illll."""" ,
. (OCllOlC"t."
.re e"plU,'cd !;j',y.ed,. thcy will be ttPOrted
(he qu,ckcs! n'aolabl(l means HlId will he
,,",thout of tillle."
1.!lsct"llClions i" Ihe 41s1 H"16me"t
or 17 .\ug",L 11).12. '[uOlc<l i
ATIS C"'Tent ions 24, state: "
"[n the c<l,,''i(' of opentlions Cllptlll"f'd mHIlS
shollid 00 used "nd one ooPJ f<lrwunled 10 Il'gi-
m...nlal hdq:'
2. 11I"'Il'ati"us of the ly[1C of doo;'''lllents which
imo Jllp"nesc hunds a''e set fOl'th below
. H. A eajllll,..,d ,,1st I)i"i"ioll Admini.'tl"lltil"eSc<;.
no" con,bai. l'epor1. Il'lllls]"ted in ATIS n"lIet;n
3:10. eonl" ins tll is ent '1' :
''!lolld mill'S of Sal",,,,,,,,, ,,,ea C"l'llU"C<1 hom
All,,,; IG .1"ly 1942 al Wclls. AUaehe<.l,kete],eo
.'e topic,; of cuptJ"'('d "l"ll>'. T,.,.",i".
road cund il io", ,,"e '" i''''1 ely ,h, ',,"II, >OJ "t iIiu. th""C
mall;; fvr u'--"<;u!'lll iou "r I'o,il iV1l. dbpositi,." "r "",.
of jllltl"ois. "nd 10 jll"l',e"t intil.
tnotlOn of ""'mn."
h. The di,,,'.\' of Toyos"ku Ylllllallloto. d"led 8
Oelobel'-l No'emk, nlld in.\ TIS
BuHeti" 300, held this dippi,,'"
"N '"
_. eli'S "bouI ha,ing piekNl up A",I,.ali"n e'aClI-
ol'on pi"" "t ['a"iellg a"d usi": it H' pllr:s"e rhe

J c. The (iist, Di,isiotl itlldlil-'l"K'e ,...porl (If 27
tmllsl"tcd ill ATIS B"lletin
Acco'diu" lu" cupl",,,d sketch the mo,cmelIIS
of el'cn,y pl;nes '"'\ [shown on) Ihe nUnched
.. IT:\" sketch shows (If 3-25 fmlll
il"rc.lby to Buna, L"c. :\["'1.,h.,\ Bu"". SloianulUll,
. v'-"sh.\'. 3,,,,,, antl Hab"ul):
d. The 8t h A'-e" A,",," Siaff Secl iOll intellib'Cnce
867::
t
fo, t.he fil'St of. MU.I l!U3. in
'"'1:\0 St,ltd 0[82:1, ,ten' 7,>3, ,t"te; that. .
he dinries, etc., ab"ndoncd lor cn('lIlY sold'er.!
1/1. INTELLIGENCE DERIVED FROM
NATIVES
I. Ja[lane-e ltool'" "c.... eouti"',t<1 "'lIh
co the use (If n.liws -<!el'f'l in a 1.llerof
fro'" Cop<:.lb_,himow 10 ...... o Gar-
rison Cnit con.""o",.!er funoo in 0 file of lIL..:Jli,,>o!o
Unil llO-J>"l'8 1 .\l'ril-:.':l ,IuDI' .-\"
."'rIle!. quutf'od ill .\ TIS Cu......m 1',..,,,,101'01" $!I.
fono"',:
_J'ropag:",dilll' lllll;''''' o","nd Il'L-o,) al,d t_
, ,,_ of "01""" o"d of the
('I'rla'" n ."_ "
e"tllll' an.>l",d n,l>(> a,1d Kill. 1..1....' pbll " 10
" _,,,""nd. omon; c"" I,,""'"I'!< of Ilusc> a,,,1
'I'rea' ll'v .... , It
K . 1l,Id tn to a;('l'rlam I,," """'.' ..,'" n,t>'. .
Ul '.fieont from Ch._tlllldpOllll of [unt)
IS ,ery .'gm
RESTRICfED
if Ihe t'<)udilioll of Ihe enen,,- al Kui in the soulh
cnn lK- a;.e;>,tained by m.iug lilc ulIli,,, of !iui "nd
I1m;o) nl lin "1'I)Ql"tulle tilll<'.
Ihe following items tlwr
oughl),!
')[ililn,." di<cil,line lK- rigid to
maintain lhe honor of the Iml'\"1"11Il '\Im."_
"I)Q n01 rhe
"Re'lui"iliouiu/! of will 1)(l under the
ord,>r of Ihe ('()mmlllHle,.
"BI"('IIk down Ihe propaganda "nd
1"..... pa:,.""16 11I11",,ialism.
and prolect Ihe "'Ifortunate IInl i,-C!:!.
fulfill a prOllli:1e.
'Strict warning lIlt"i"", clIlcl,,,,--neSi!.
"Ascertniniul! of enemy conditions (illcludiug"
their propaganda).
When dispal,hillg IIoollS.there willlJc 'Ill ofli
eer or a n.mrommis;;ioue<:1 "Ilie....r for le"dcr. Ah')IIt
oue seclion (including I lighl ma<:hill\" gun lind 1
dischalI.'Cr) will be senl out 10
Ihe norlh ne"r Bus<> to 1>'COIl1ll>iler cnemy silulltion.
aud als<:> 10 il",pe"l Ihe acl;,ities of ;I"ti,cs (m
leasl ont<." 6'e"' 10 da..,,;. At I;nl<'_ Ihe nUII\lJ(>I of
Rl"" lind nurnher of will ill<:rea5"- 01
decrease).
'''hen Ihe nali,f'!! and lroo[>!! al.... going to
!..'"ther. lessen Ihe nlllliber of Ihe lroop,; Rlld inlil-
Intte wilh aoout IWO Or Ih,....., soldiers ,l11d
One Or IWO llllt;,-es,
""'hen onl)" ,,"tin'S I".... goillg. II,., them IlS ;;e.
eret agen\.
"Depending on Ihe objecti,",. the "boY<; ,,ill be
ukd
""\'1Iel\ ilO'llding troops. it is ne<.....ss'''', 10 par
heed 10 the following:
indieation-----trnck left dler illfihra-
lion.
(producl ion of II milit" r)" sketch) rond.
plaill--gnll,';;.'" plain.
Culll\"8le<:l WOIll.,dS-)UlIgle. Conditions of Ihe
bead,.. 1k>l<lenllal al"\'a. Suitable are for bj,_
ouaekmg.
. at i,."'" ",ndil ion. Do t hll 'e n 1,,'1 iIe f'oei.
lowards U'. ,,,,,I will rhe.'" 1'OO[lC'nle ,.-jllt liS'
nlete a,"(' >;Ollie ,,"tin's takell as hOiStil b' tl .
enem)". I' Ie
"Cond;tion f . )
o lIIal"rl" S (uiSlellce--variet)._
qu"ntitJ)."
RESTRIcr:ED
JAP INTEL hhibil "
2. Natives Used (IS Agents
a. The foll<lwilll1 i,; :I l.... p<1l't of the KumRIflt
ball h" showing Ihe el1lplo)rn,'nl vf lint iVI'!! bJ Ihe
Jtll'anei!e Il, ".;oul5, IIl,>'eI1IS, laken
fmOl Il booklet entille<1 "I)cllliJed HCI)Qrl R"gllrd.
ing the Kunlilsa Bnllle," ,\;,tt,,1 18--24 &l'teml><::r
IlJ.13 and written br WlllTlIlll Ollicel lllllllldn,
D"t"dllnenl. A fmlll ATIS <...'Ul"I'elil
TI"UI",llllion_ 110 is hcre:
I
.. ( I) "itulltiol1: The followiug irlfol1na.
I ion co,,<:el"11i,,1,( Ihe en,,-llIy sil"atioll ""as obtained
br lind nllti,e secret lIg"-1lts between
8-17
The ellc",y hilS cOllstllld,,-d neW hllr lI1"-Uli,; in tit!
1.li5mal"Ck rllnge at. (Ilhon\. 20 km_ SW.
of Alemble). Th"-rl\ IlI'e nbont 1I white meu nnd
"wm 20 nati,-cs.
"1""I"ied: O:"ll Imnsmill;ng
11,,1'0 ""1, tlll""-6 lIulomatlc 1llk"! IIud n,,'''y rifles.
They aI'll engllg"d in espio"ng" "gllius\. the Jar'
ane-<e ,\
The nali,'cs in the alell ha,'e been informed thai
"llhough llennbena hlld lempolllril.\ fllilen to tb!
JIl[lallcsc '\l"Ioy. it hilS already beerl I"etak,,-n.nnd
nil." lIati,-cs ,1'1'0 coop"rated with t.he Japllne!!l!
AI'lny w01lld be kiHed. [nformal ion was I"eeei,ed
hom a nllliwl spy thlll a large HUllIbel of el1elllY
tlooll$ ad""ncw to Kumgllgn in Ihe Bismard
Bange.
"(2) Situatioll of our all 9
"ali\"\' !;COllis were dispatched to establish the aa
Ihentidly of " l"el'()l't I"(''':''ei'ed hum" nati,.e ijl.f
Illlge IIl1mber of eHemy Imop;.; "dYallted to
KUOlgllg" in Ihe llismlll"Ck The Illltill
palmls, beillg" sIl'age tn>e \I"d IInskilled in I&n'
J..'1l11geS, lel"l"ified Ihe mountain triLt.'S hetausc each
spellk.s a difrerellf, language, I,nd as a resull
no II1fol"ll1>l1r01l WIlS obtained. The hendu1ll1l 01
A['UW'.II. howC\el, made contact \\"ilh t hree
;r, Asaizil (lIlJolit 15 kill. ,,'W. of KlImgllg;1 in lilt
{Ismal.... k Hange) and Ihrough them was able to
lIIake u l'e<:ollnni5ijllIlCe of lhe enem)' sitllnl iOll.pe1
the l'i.'[>OI"t, givell It theref'llt
decrded 10 mllke II sudden Ilttllek "t, Q500 hours<Jl
t8 and wipe oui lhe enem), espioa.r
ol'g<l"'7-at,on.
1/
zDeals wilh Il'e din"'t ie. h'I)Qgn,p\;;c, 1111<1 !>oI"'-
latloll r"Clol'S ,t/Teeling the fightingJ.
,
ftP
[NTEL Exhibil A
..Chopler III
of ollker eomrn"11lling diyu.io
n
.
"m
be
"" or fo!"t'\'s. Th" 6lh D' unIt
')..\lIs
t
r:tliun Anlly (regimen) ,11"rSl
on
of
tn, un nown) 2ro
<} 2 to., I6-J(; meu, under 00 ,.
lJ'''' ., mllland of Lt
Rluilldl. .
"Choptc.-IV
5unu11al".1' of clich period of 6,hlin )
d .). J!.lleteeoo
-.th"" use "nu t 1C (Ilfliculties f))
"n , . . 0 Ie lerrai
r)ton Ill'l"l\'rllg" at the "rUage of ,,",. ) .
, arll[lUlleJI_
,!lese contacled 2 1l1l11Ve!l who 1Ia'6 , . - b P
. f Ol,m mId""
hutSOr cal'l".1'll1g or Al1lcricau troo)- K
f
. , IImg.ga
."d the ollO\l"lng 'Ilformnlion W'o b, )
_ 0 alllet
"1 here fll"tl aoout II ,\ medea"
. all
20111,trYcs. llelWI'eH sunse.t lind dawn IWo" .
I
. f .
('flns all< II nUnl<",r' 0 m.,,.) . .
1111I a stnCl
Illurol for Ilbout 200 meters IlJong >I" ," d ).)
. n .Wlltl
goes. from the of Kumg"ga to Chimhll.
Durmg the the Amerie"n, ,.k, .))
. a "'II (U"
uap, . The Alllenc,ms I""'e:l lurlllber of hut.;; 0;'
lu).!h ground .whel'\' h"'e set up a radia,
TI>eI"\' IIIC 9 A mer>call soldiers thel'C. and less Iha"
Wmeters!o the NE., nllti'-e soldiers liyc in allum.
ber of nut"'e hUls.
"To.th" nor1h is a belt of forl'St and a
prec'prtoll.< slope. To the east thel"\' is a
grass)' slop" for more than 200 centimeters. and 10
it 1Je.1t of high forest grollnd.
Aclmg uI)Q1l this infOl'lIu,tion the commander
of l.he )lilit"I.' Police or.
)l1S unit in l.... lldiHess for aClion. and issued
rnstrllctions. AI with Ihe headman of
, llllrilpu Vil!'l).!'1 and two nat ins aeling as
the Japanese lefl Anumpu for A,;; a.
of th, . . ) .
. JlI'e"OllS 111" It S propag.ndll to Ihe
th" ./;tp>ll1ese m"n,' 'ohwleers 10
JOlilluthet k ) ..
0,. liS "''' \'I"tllken bl'the J-I>tulld" Mlltlar}'
tathillent. The nlltin':! ;,"re ghell the job of
,urrOllndi) .. .
K
ng I m Amel"ltftns III the J'l11gles ;.; E. of
'lin,,,.,, ,. ). .
l)' ,,, pl'e....mllllg them frolll >':>":"l'lng.
. lIrnlg the uUlld the nalives slunk off inlo
jUngle afl . L . .
fire. 1'1 '-"'lIlg fllglttelle<I0.l' thunder and
" \
on 1 t dawn nne Au,rr"li"n soldier WIlS laken
f Afln 1'ClllOying the clipturl'ti CfJlliplilelil
tit" lUlls which the Allied Sl>ldiers (lC(:
lI
l,il'<l.
" ,1lts were hUI"I1C(1.
Fol' 0\1' )
. r SUl'l'rtse a!lucks to he sue
....., III In _- , .
". . "IPlllg out the.... eSlllGna/..'e or
. ).. f
c, we lllUst keep ,ecl"C1 Ihe 0 G
"lIr Ufll f .
u>. Wilh die ""1_...
lIlriCl IlICtiu eucpl
l
<lf1 of "flIl'ial_tt. 'OWIttl
discovered b,.rtfl that '-Ir hl.. __
and
lib
It 'plta .-.. an IllIt
aJ>/l<'1Irl; thll tntnI,
;'" r
lrJ
., di..trib.-::'70fJfan;z.lin!aI
thl'tic .rt ,mnll'<:lia; -ben ' ...., lOll.
enem) orj/lniuliQlb< YI'l'plaetrd by I.t.
he,,,oIIls of t.... lIi.nllrtt. Rah.. Jl'lOlliOl\i ()11 llllt
Wltchiu,lhe",.'). _ ng... .od.re .1.....
'" IV
reports 011 the "I _fib., J1w.Yma1<e
0111""d Ilw .eall"'t f. lhelr
tillUIU}' ke<1p "tr;et ...:';U!Jfl>. 001I.
alld bll\"e obscn.lio GrOllr l'Urpn.;e .uO<b,
ialerYIIs. I, on.U lra<ks.t ....,It.blp
_"n>e.,.re ....eJ1 eqllijJpttl ..ilh "e.
Iln,Ottl(,.ion did n<Jl pUI ",Ibuli.... jJOIl... bUI ...1
"Chopin- I' re-I;;{&/lo"('.
Situali01I .Iter II... bal')' E .
\f . Ilttny ..,lllal1_
: ler ()(Jr .urpri.c 1I1.d< llit ftoo 10 tbe
Je.YullI tl...ir Iitlon/..'ill"". ll! ht>Jie,oo
f c.
"'" ". . 1,...lr
., lit IImbu. Onrs;lu.lio>n-.\rriroo.\lt'mble
.4 Seplember ..hlle thr enrm,. <!Had!.
n"'I,t COmmand!r look I'OW.
nnrl captured equipmem. C.IlMlbe <illal-"'thiofs
.1Il1 eam.d out .. ndJ. ..orlI.. Or-
dered Ih.l tl",}' "'1"'1'\ .nemy hideout.;.
for futul"!' <tlIIIIIII.l'T of
points to be oo,..l'TN in fotul"!' "fIl'I"&tiolal
ualure. Ibrir full.. ...
'Clloplrr 1"1
Oth.r nuu.rid...a ror.rin; period
Seplflnber"h,,"ing I'OW.ud r<Jmpmem ('aplured
listing riA"". 3 rille>. round. of
llIl(j(l1lrie rifle .rnm:lllliioo. roul)(l, of nfle

3. Jnjq,mlJlio. From Olkr Nt>J;nS"I<rr:es
11", fI.'-, j. ....ntrd the ""'I"<alion
of ,mlgl' rbM-fs. in _ <'If'('" rhrough
intimiduioll. From men ,nfllltlllllion bas
t..en obt.ined <Ol....ming 0._.Dd 11>0_1>of
.\J1ied p.lrol.. rbe t<juipllltnt <'Irrird bJ p.trol....
ron>trllClion undert.krn iu dllf.tMll ........nd
lopographical inf""",.IJOO .- J,oom IQ .be foU"""
inll .tlraCl;: from inl.lhl.'""'" ",p<\It;: . -
"N>rnrit r: upOll nlll'''' report.- of OClll1'
li.,of. 1..;li.... unil hNdPol t;ngh,hmID .Oll
from 2(1 km.l'OIIth of 11011.00' foror
RESTRICTED
Ir "'IHU;I,...,.,. f.... ..-::baiJ'l'l'aft
to IJoorumf. rtr}' lCtirt I t" 2 bef,,,. _
0lle..ti(lll. thotlgb, of ('OUf'oe.!hi._ ..-ilh thf.
.1It! S.ry .ilT..ft "lI11<IllN ia U-_
(i) CA",.gr' n, ,tA" r... '........
""0:
Weatber broadra..<t.i Wt.thtr hroad....ol.
of Mari.n., base .ir of ),I
llnilsonhroJima.Olti il'l"""'" ht. 1I" DlUt...
"....... lod lhe J ....- e-p""i.lly .....
homeland increa;ed Okin ..- nd Ibt
nzarktdl)' .ftH Jan HOllltlnd lu<rea ...d
lI.ry. JIlUbd1y,
f:.';rplaMlitM: We "'"'" .blf.. by. ;UI ,..J ....
Ih',is Qf ,,"ther _ullicaJ"'" 10 dltrrault
f<)CaJ IlOinl.Dti ... '...
. 0,,-_
(SI C4.."9<"";" C_--'-'-'
o..,H"'.:
h..o: f In lilt fif'( of
10 the {i,.;;e nil lllrm._"rlbt,J,,1'
J
.... tM (\R -ll!"-' .
.nlll .' f _., ha._ aad .ir 1I1l'l ran,.
of urerl I a,... ,. "wo, ....neod.
......re lot.lI}' cha..,.,J III
the ('ent",II'acifit'.\ rtI
only. "'''1 ;n;l._ ...hI!lI
f:.'.rpl.""''-: 11ltn' .. clearly
1M 10 rommuo....
,""""'"
OKl""""''':
F,"()m the latter
of FehnZlIr)' Oil, the ,.n
in air ,Irength m
S7
INTEL EIhibil A
1"
, with tIll! in.
...n pa".,.. .
..-- . hf shIps
ree v
, d up in LlA.\IS.
tUr
llO
.
. we klWW pre"l'
1'1")' I"
I
. 1he :ls5elllb mg
Dll:i.' .. ,
uf .;hips lIt IheS\} hnses.
111"0:
We infern'<1 plllns for
lhe of II ncw
Ojltrstioll Sllbsequent to
lhe nlids on the JI'p:"
110':'ll! Homel"nu lind by
t:l!lk forres on thl! 91h
.1Il1 10th of Febnmr).
wi.th the incruu of
slupll that tnl1led np by
BAYS. We infl'rred
(hal Ibe Marianu Inti
Philippines de.
I'IO)'melll ftl'tall. for a
subsequent Operalion.
/:"J:/I/anl1liOl'; on the assembly of r;hips Il
.dl"4nce ("Clltl"a,! the transpor( Situa.
lion, lIud the s,lual1o" w,th to deployment
of forces. we ":He to esl"nale the lime, llOOpe
and gene"111 <!1N;Ctlon of a new opellIti
on
2 to 3
,,('@ksinnd,.,H":......
(3) Truk Fo/'Ce Ar/hify
OKlS,IWA:
\\'e in f"rl'('d Jllan_ for
beginnillg 11 new oper.
tion fr"()lll raid. ClIrriO!'lI
OUI oontinuou_l ... upon
Okinllwa and the home.
lrmd during Ihe e.rl,\'
nud middle part, or
)lnrch.
E;cpll1l1aii{l; On rhe I.>asis of our of
tlte fact that Tusk Forces OOcllme acti,.e in the prel
ude 10 n new operation, we were able to take il
'slhesign thllt lin operll1 iOn WIlS impending and to
figtlre OUi the operational nZ'en from the urea of
.cti.itl'.
(4) llJCalic1I 01 COlllmarulera
1"'0: OKJSAWA;
Ahnut the 1st part of Afler the latter :,lrt
Ja,lUUI' tho Submllrine of Febn"l')' lhe mo'l'-
or the l'll- meut of Base Air [nil
tifieand Ximilz"s He1ld. Commanders into Phil.
,\uarters moved 10 ippine lind .\fari.na.
Guam. buses becallle mot(' ."d
mOltl common.
EflIprWIIJtio1l: The displaooment of Comlllallder.;
fo
rw
!I..l'd aecompanietl plllns for the inC('pti01.' of a
nnd, llcconling 10 past expeneuee.
mel'Hably OCCUl'rcd sa"er,,1 dara to 1 month before
l!le 0llen;tion.
(to) lJ(MD 1111/1 Air Ullil COllditio'"
1""0:
,The in b:l8\l
IlrstrenJ,i:th in the !\Iari
.nas the end of
I '['Ile following nn I,r the
u';l rhe rn {Ieducmg
. 1.>,' nnnl}'sl" or ('QUlUlulllcnt,oll, "
h,nllNIS. " . IIIItt.
C(' t ions. It, de>l'l"lbed 1Il II repIH"t 011 ,1..
30
......
P . ',"elli,.... noo prcpn,-ed for Ussns
Arnn e . II' UJ ....
e "Iri"ne ..,hid of IIlte 1genee of the J
a
....
"ell.' . ''''Ilettt
.\rllll' Ge"N'al HeadqUlll'lel':'l:
..,.\i,lelinls for Ameri
clIn

tio!1ll1 Pinus, nus,..d. on .Sp<:<:"t1 I)lltll 1'1"()I'idfll II,
.\ lUl'ti('ll n Comrnlllll('llt
"SUlllI/lUr.ll:
\r,' monitored Americall ship air unit
Cou1ll1unicntions, lllntJe a SrMclllatl", statislieal ill-
,e;;li".ti"u and ,wrdy;;is of these cornmunic.t'-
ooml',ued it wilh past exnmple!<. \"-
we mude any estimnte, we could tUl'll OUt-a ge!ltlll
(lue cou"erning the !'Cope lind inception of a ne.
,\JllP"k811 opel'utiou I lnomh before.
ronC{'rlling lhe fl"oj,octed operutiOllS area sholl
I to !? weeks ill lHh-nnce. Spedficlllly this "II
raelical (SII'ategicIII) intdlig(>nce dfeNh'e
,\mericnu open'tiolls.
(I) RAMS (R''/>(ldClliJlilly Allied .lferrM.i
SItiP1):
Jwo (I!) Feb.): OI{l:.",I"',1 (1 Aprill:
The "muber of A ftCI' lite laller ran
lltnt tnrlled HI' duil.l ill. "f Fl'UI'U"I'\' tlr. no"
bel' of lnnling"
between the eud of Jan. steadil.". If!
liar)' and the first of inferred lhat a n.... o\"
February le8\"ing us to e'at.iou in theel',\ '0'
infet posit.iIe pInus for I>f!iug iuiliRled, Rlhlf.
thebeginningofarno,e. to tlte IwoJIJIl
menl. Opemtion.
E"'ph'llfllioJt: When we studi,'<1 the lllllllbtrtl
h" "
a. lpS turning up ill each 10.d".I' JICI')(>(
tleall) llrlll comprll'('(1 all)" increase <It II
Wilh pl'f!"ious "'''Hplin''s we Wl'l'e ahle to l'itI
male the time Rnd scop; (l projeCled AJrttritl'
ope"alion aOom I month in :Hhllllce.
(2) AR1cmblingl)I RMfllOlits:
11"0: OKl:.",'''''': JliI'"
The uUlllber of ships The nHl"her 01,' tit
at Advance counted III L...
ba8El:l in thl! .\lnrinnaSlI\\(l).11
alld Mal'shllll s incl'e:uie<l increo,ed pan P
RESnucrro
RESTRlCfED
C" I" I All kil1('<lllUd
\\"/IS !lO!IlL Olll and the ,-.nl,:" 'Ill . MIl
' ", I 1'"1 . Bulklm ].V'" .
his dOCUlIlents CIlI'l" ......1 'lin
"Cnpl Yaillllls tilt' hc,,,\...,hicf of the foO ,'I l>;'
, .' 11 10]10-
gll'-c his oath of COOl'l'l"llll()1l III j:H I ".P
... '1< ""
graphIcal lIlforn'''t'QIl ,UIlI malerlA . I ,I
. . " ,t"le {'"I ,e
work"", for 5"10 eollo!r,W1IOII 11111 < I "
.. . orlich ,U ,
enem), "ppe""" lO he ron,truC'llllg "'I HI : I
,. . . ,II' 30 kill. 5O"t
of F Runge. apl'",XllllH c. , ]
of \\"alLtolu Hlld FHllg'"\'r" [ATIS Bullellll 831 :
<' f nnd e<jtl1Il"
nall"c llAllll'> u
" " I . \C<l Ilnll'lll who
menl ""-'Tlelll}\' AIl'N ' ........llllH'>Il ,.
It'll )I"re-l,,\ i.. 19-13 fM .\ ,..A
[ATIS I'liblicllrion I
"We the <'Ilier of W"btl" Hud (earue,
of the e"cnll' situatioll. lie informed us thntlhe
" I "\""11 ... Ru<h
"'as I,euflt( l .g. .-
illg aiou/:! on a ",':'mnin rondo we the
It;>"t We at lhe junction o.f the
Hi"er ll'..... We:;a. ]{i'erl.
to BURCk f''Onl the ,iIlab'e /la"k. Upon
Ihe ,ilIage, ;;enrd,,:-<I ealh hou>e. Th.l'" WAS n,)
of 'Ul"lUy eJlCl"pl for a $('.1, a gen.
and "arions equipment. 1 Olllght S aUack
fi"alh' ended in failure. Relllc1antJ)", we ale our
b"",kf:bt. After bJ"llakfasl. lllan}' nnti,'\'S from
WHisha came 10 us lhat aU ,\meric.n sol.
,lier was sleeping in a beyuud the hill. With
" nut 10 lei hillll">llll'e this time, we
the [ATIS Cnmmt Tmns
I"tion,s 9:\].
"Altitude"f tlle tl.tin''' I" Ar;,o.\ml'a. Are".
1111".' liN' to,,"a "Is the J:lPRUeole Aud
."'coopel'lll;'e. This of the chid
of Sekofro \illa!.",. who. knowing thenl had
recently been an Ameri("lln officerpalrol in the area,
immediatl"ly rellOl'ted this to the JloJiandia line of
communiclItion allli thus "Uowed
thill t.ke ap]lropriate steps.
-Dbp..... ilio" of ill Aitalle.J{o!landia
Area: In .... lthe) are disposed lowanllhe
11111lerial .\on,. This is of Ihost
li .. illjt in th'" of a na"al oon;;tl'Uctio
n
section
stalion Taka'n"l. UJao) who hne been
coupe....tl\e In such mMtel'8lli1 billetintr. supplies.
lind lU>.:entl! more. than Italf the nar il'e
In the Le'Olell/r. PaUll, Yakllllllll, Ind
VlIIU Retrl"nl '.-ere in l:'Illl5tl11etion k
durill/r the lmildillj! of Ihe Inny airfieJd 2 ,
me'el'1l k>uth of Pro [.\TlS n 11
1
.0'
1258]. u etln
RESTIUCTED
a new, definite phlll for all Ol'('''ll ion, slIch
rha"I!'\ll coming ahom Imolllh before,
(9) rommullicolion. [Iurullillg
Iwo: O",,,.,W,':
The frolluen,,)' of op. As in the CaSOl of the
erat ion a I broadcnSl s I WO Jill'" Ol",,'at;ou, Ihe
from Ilonollliu nntl the handling of com,
Admi"altil.'$ decreased 111unieations cenl eri nil'
mnrkedl,"nf'el'thel'hil, ","QUill! (he Cenlml Pa,
iplline OP('I""tiOll and cifie AreR illcl'l1ased
comlllunicalionshan, lIlarkedl.\', especially in
died in lhe Central I'a lhe Mllri"nas and [..e)'le
cific Al'ea iner68sed al....as.
l,:l'entl)"
Ea:p{...>wtioll: We we..... able to jllllge Ihe al'ell in
which lhe American Am1\' W"S illleres'ed from lhe
Imndlilll! of cO'lllllunic;tions: slll>sequelltl.\' we
could estimKle the definite operutional objecti"e,
(10) AppearollC(' of Sp<!c;al Uilit Colk n"mee
(TdepllOlle 0>' KU Cha/lnel.)
Iwo: 011'''''''',,:
In February tele Aflerlhelirslparl,of
graphic handling wilh Mal'Ch, special "nit, cooe
IIl1il t'Ode nall1es names lhat, had nOI been
be c a 111 e noticeable. llsed aherlhe IwoJima
TI,ere was a g'....at ill' Ol'erlltion came again
in new unit code into frequent use. It
Ilames. suggested Ihe beginning
of a definite nell' o>o'e
ment.
f;""praMtwn: We were able 10 delCl'mine the
l..'eneral outline lind scope of "" ope""lion fl'OlII the
of lise of main unil code ",uues,
for these materials were 1I.seflll for infening lhe
beginning of a definite new operalion.
(II) Activity of S(!Qulil1f/ Aircraft
Iwo: 01111<"""':
neconnllissnnce of
Slince of search ail'Crafl Okinawa lind the Home.
unils from land by search aircraft
bases of 1\\'0 Jima and 011 Luzon and
the Hom e I and in. Mari"nas, bl'
erea-.ed, 8-29>'1 led,..... B-Zll". became "er)' ac.
evnllllissanCll eSI>ecialll' li'e. The focal point
jll,t before the opera of MarillllftS
lion suggesled lhe 0& air IIl1it sellrches Sllg'
j.,.;:ti"e, gesl ....l the Okinawa
"'....a as lhe objecli'e.
RESTRICTED
88
JAP INTEL hhibil It.
Ezpllmalirm: By lI1\1I1ping Belll'CIt ni"cruft
""nrch $toclor "nilS slillislicallr lind
lheir foc"l poillts, Cl:>II1d detcrmine the direc,
lion of II subseo:luenl opel'Llti"n, frt.'QII<'lll1y SIl"erR!
da,'s lO " week before Ihe landiug,
(En S"b",a,.;"e Acti."i!.>1
T\\'o: 0111/'1,'\\''':
Sulm"'rine adi"ity ,\1. this time, lhe
lIround Iwo Jilllil w"s scope of sub",arine ItC
Illl1rk'l<1 from the eull of "'liS gradualll' bl!.
inlo Jallulu')'" ing concentl'alt'{l in lhe
After lht) laner pllrl. or seilS olT our homeland,
Janlllll'Y it fell olr. I'llri passu with lhe
los;; of our dependen.
cies, Though it was
dillicull to estimate Ihe
>I,lllillf]llelli OllOll'alionnl
"bj eCl i Ye, suLm"rineg
had been coneentl'ate<1
in the Okinllll'a al'(':l
since lhe first of this
yea>..
f.:zp/(maJion: AoxQl"ding 10 ]l1'Sl example,
>llnrine Ctlllcent,'nliollS OC<:lIlTlld against the land-
illg poin!. 1 month prior to lhe landing lind aeti,"
ity falls off relali"e!y just befOl'1l the ],ltlding,
"C(mc/u$ione reached:
IwoJ",,,,:
(I) Time of operation: Fl'O'll Consi,]llrlltiOll of
points 110 12, especially I to B, it was
around the end of the 3rd in JlIllURl'\, that
operalions Il'Quid bl!gin afler lhe middlll of Feb
mal'Y
(2) 8oollOl of Opel'lIlion: C()Juparing exumplO!S
Sillc'1llhe Atllt ClImpaign undel' point 1, forces to
be "sed estimllled around the first pa,t of JanuRry
lit 2 to 3 di"isions,
(3) Operationul Ilrcll: Froll1 I'I,ids of
forct-o;; lind Rcti"it) of Olll'llel"""h lIircl'IIft "Ild sub
ma,'illes, eSlimalt'{! Ill'ollnd Ihe 'md of lhe thir,l
Il'eek in Jlllllllll"y 10 be IwoJima.
OIlI"','WA:
(I) Ti'"e of o]lerillion: F"onl points 1 1012,
espt",illll," I, in the e'ldy plll'l, of }>'rlJ-
1'11111')'10 bl!gin "ftel' lilte "'>ll'Ch,
(2) Scope of Operal;un: Estimated ill ell,.])' psrt
of Febrlll"')', from poinl I. lhatfol"Cesllsed initiaD.'
would be about 3 In the endy p311 of
INTEL Exhibit A
J'p
., .,lilllatt>(llhilt Ih I I
\prl , . . ,'a .ou d
' . ['\'a""d to ()
IP" 1111" I
(3) IIrl'l1: AI>l/Ul lhe middle of
I
-h e;;lilulltl'd II would be Okinawa f h
, ,TOmle
dPplOJlllN'1 and or forces, from raid!
"f Il1Sk rl'PIll se"reh aircrllfl and
"rine adll'I!.,V.
o Q The followill/; ,"'e ",XlIlllplel; of illfh........
-, ", .. 1011
obt.itll'<:l by broadtllsts. While
SOllle illfomml"''' IS 011l1l111ed, deductioll. a..... not
COl' red :
R, dnted 2 presllmabl,.
1914, from 8N:ond LlelllenlllH Fllkllnlll!a, of 2nd
.Inn)' lI11ell;I,"'lIcl' SI'{;lioll, 10 CUl'l!I;n .'lIk
a
mizu,
.1 f"ll lIlIllSI"lil'" from ATIS Bulletin 1456 is
heloll':
.. [ Mil Oil 111.1' dllil.\' dUlil'S at 211d ArmJ'
Jnl.. 'Oil. I ha"e lllken o"er the inler.
('<'plioll of ellem.I' O\'eloeas broadCIlSls wilh 5 ci.
rilisn F;nclt night I listen 10 enem\'
Ilropsgandn lind ft'lll depressed,
"1 sentn few letlers to Chinn, b'll I do no!. kOQW
If reached lheir deSl iust iou, II lIppears thlll
001' 1''II.''SI'01'18 lind heighl.,..s lI!'e beillg SUlik right
.",llefl. Shil'Piug has I)f'l'll eomll!etely lllcking;n
HlIllokwllri r"cI'1111,1', [t is e\'en dangerous for
10 nl"'igllle lit nigh!."
b. Intelligence Hepot'L 12, isslled 81h Are.
Ann)' ol"'t'atiolls S/;X;lion Oil 15 Feb"uar)' 19-13,
in ATIS Bullelin 453:
"Act:onlillg to Se<;relat')' of Ws>' Stimson. lhe
Unit..d States FOI'(;e which lleeomplished lhe QC('U'
Pillion of Glmdalellual is the di"ision whieh wa;;
ie1l'Cte<1 how all tii"isions ill lhe Uniled Slstes
:\rmJ Slid orgllllized at New CtdedOll;a, ,\cc>Jnl.
"'It to lhe abo"e. we Clln estimate lhe exislenre of
128th Ilegilll cnt belollging to 3.1nl
c., 18lh AI'III)' ''ell l' echelon hendllUR'1rl'l illlrlli.
!l;ne
e
l.... pOl"[ ;19, 30 Jilll\l"")' lW-t. lllIn,lnt .....1 ;Il
Arrs Bullelin ll70'
"Accord; ng to ,\] '1 hl1r's hen,]tlua"lt'rs nl]Jort,
111lits lhat [,tn(k'd lit Mr>'klls, Ti;llrubll. an,[
I dor used nl('ket gllllS 1hIlt h"d .... r mug" lhlln
,ea".I'Il>1 illery Ill"iol' to lheil'llIndin".';, Thrseguns
,.,
I 11!, 11l01l1ll ed On ships RlIll hollIS and Hcn 011
.,ldl
ng
crltfll"lInspot"ls,"
Intelligence "CpO>'1 lIB, isollll\1 1,,1' 181h
)' dU\I'd I() May l[l.l31111<llnIll
S
,
'le.lul \'r,S '.' '-" - '4'
, ' ",ne'ny Pu"llellllOll, ",
l'he e"e,u)' mild.. '11 Lroa,leltst 0" the Illh a,,,1
RESTll.lCTED
':--_.. _-
-
,-

..-
-
..

'..
INTEL Exhihil A
JA" .
ll)C<1 "rc wen ammunition, cloth.
pnd re'llliM lOlled III"t,tles. (In the "'-1'1'lld
'lUtl'S (her.> ',...rll colo"" I'\'d wh.,
..ruc ,,' , t --"', It,
1- .n et'. I h,s [wO\'cs t In HOt only ratiottll were
f.:lped.) .If tukl,' rations ... %of the
.'hoJequlltltlly: 1 O,I:IJ r.'u lOllS dropped 3,200x %_
,1> I "klllg" off W'. for darn.''''''
2.l'"''' ., f k
j{>;.;6. and well; ,t 0 .1"11.' Illg muterial at till'.
li",e of <h'Ojlplllg, "P!l,oxlI.nntelr 1.800 kilegram9.
Oil the rlUilmiti
es
of sup.
rl.... rntioll$ l">el" sold'H:
A. In e""" of U:; kilo.c:tllIns per person
1.800+1.5=1,200 l">elYllis
Il. In c",:.c of 2.0 kiloWn,ns l>er I'et&ln
I.SOO+2.0=llOO IWI'l;Olls
C. Iu e"se of 2.5 kilograms per persoll
1,800+2.5-720 persons
"SIIp!'!ClllCIlfIU'y: Accol'tlinglo the lIat;,"". there
are !'C)e"""t items of jllfol'llllltion such us the fol.
lowing:
A. The\' lire warehouses and
phu'ning" ibe llcellmuJation uf >nodemte 'l"lltl.
li.l ies. 1\ IImbe,' of soldiers dt"CI'C"ses.
"".'. "
,."
"0... "
H
"".
"
1-11
; roO... ,..
"'.... "
,.
.. ,.t.... ,..
....,
,."
",.. "
'"
"II..
"
,..
U I'..
"
,."
x.. t ....a
'0
, .\It>- ..
a"'r "

""_r ..
..
It "<:r
H'
.. "'r .. ,..
" lOor '1 1-2,
""'f ..
,.
"MO}'
'.
"Mo, " 1-10
""'r '1 ,."
"
,-"
".'1.... l_IU
""0' "
H.
"I... '. l-,U
J.... ,.
lO.. '1
........ ,..
a<\: .. 1-,.
IO 0..' '1
,.,

HI
,.,
" ,.
,,,"'...

..- .. ,.,
"$;:: g
,-;
H'
"".', ,. ..
-telephone f,otn " Cltileun ",iii!",'''' otlke"-:-':he
, ,
. ,,,,,,ns of Amer,can llnd Bntl.h
al,,"'go1l leL"" , .
.\ llit'(l fOt'Ces h,,;; ,,,, ohjed I he t'<.>t11./"01l mg of t he
;"a,' of OUl" fOI'l"s iu Ihlll n''ClI .. There ."I'll ll'pul'Is
tltn, Iltey "'.... imensifyillg tIll"" t>o:'mh'"g '1IlatkH
Oil Timo" hland ali(I at'(l l'rel""''''g 10 make.
I"ndillg tltel't!. TI",y slt'{,,,,ing" thl! i'''l'ortn'lte
of Timor hland."
JAP INTEL Exhibil A
VII. DEDUCTIONS FROM ALLIED AUt
ACTIVITY
1. A !;I1Ul"'" of JnpHHe;,o} illformnti"" wus their
,1 IIdl" of Allied tlcth'it}', from which deductions
IlS I;' "Hd slt'ength were 1I1l1de. E",_
lln,ples are shown
a. From the 51st l)i,isioH Inelie"J plu" {O!' Lhe
L"eSa]"",,,,,,, "''t!ll issued 2'2 Apdl 1[l.l3 llnd t ,alls.
h,ted in ATIS Enemy Public"ti"n 53:
"The tllO"cments of "il"l'la'll$ h""e u
,.... h,tiousltil' wilh enem)"S new I'lllns. Thu!
t1wir "PI>e"",nce und comlit ion should he
",,,I daily. Tltis infO"nlllliou should 1>l'
l'ellOrted a, nil limes 10 th., nllili"tt...l uuthorilies
[fo,....1'8]. AI Ihe snme (jllle o"er-atl ncti,'itr 'IIld
mo\"ements should l>e exPl'lliS8ed. A judgment of
lhe e"e",y's oolldil iun may be bused Oil such mate.
,inls."
b. F''01ll lhe b1s1 Di\"ision ""al' siluation special
edilion,dlll\:<117 .),me 1\)43 "nd t"""slated ill ,\ TIS
Ene",y Pul"licllliolls 487:
"J<:;;timale of enemy first line h iH vicinity
of \\'lIi[1ali [Gu"daka""l] nnd Missirn
only from goods lllld Illl11""ials dropped enemy
pl"nes:
"Fi'ldill(1' Sll\,ugth of in both secto''S i,
Hoi less 11",,, 700 in e"dl lit IM,t (ltow,,,,er when
lldded to n'l>orts (''OI'' otb..." som'Ces lhere is llot
'n"ch !il'0IJ<; for i'",estigatioll).
"/JlUli, of COlllputatirl'/: The tl"llHSPOl't phnf'S
ap!'ellrilll; ill lJoOth SCctOl'S d"t'il'g 01' after, he
[1111t of M"y 1l1'e estima1ed at less than 4 plan,.,;
d"i))' (COlHIHItl! it at JeSS1h"" 4, pJu"es).
MAs the It'altslJOIt pl"nes ,"'0 " lIletliurll
lheir ellpacity will uot exceed the nlllxirnp,II
limit of I tOil. Ilowe\,c,.IJre lll'tides c"nie.:!
gl't!"t ill "olullle lIS eomp"'.......! t" thei,' In'iglol, thl'
dl'OllP.:d l"r one phulo \lill >lot ap,
PI"Oxllnnlel... 800 kilogtnltls.
"TrnnSIJ<,l,t l>Ollndnge t"',,1 kil(t-
1;'lIt1lS. ,\econlitll; 10 the the
00
RESTRlCl'ED
V. GERMAN INTELLIGENCE
l. An e)<lI'"ple of info"",alion rectli"ed br lhe
fro'" their Axis pHI"lner is seen ill lhe
17th .\no) intelligeuce N:>pon. of 12 September
1!42. 115 lmnslaled in ATIS Pllblirntions
28:
"According to Germnn intelli.c:ence lhere Ul'l:1
10:1 AmeriClIn nil' di,'isiolls in These
nre lhe 32ud, 371h. and 42nd "ir di,-isions. l'ur.
lherlllore. the 32nd division Ilnd 37th divisions
were renlo"ed to some pIllet! in lhe Pacific:'
2.\ Slatement of the JHpaue"" ..,'"l""lioll of
infol'motion from Germnnr wns made b.,' Comdr.
Ozawa of lhe oomm"nitations del)Ul1melll of lhe
.\"a'ol General Stair. ill U:::SBS I nlermgation 208:
"The inforn",t;on of ",dlle to the speci,,1
seetion (radio inleltigence) the Ger_
mat\3 w"s lhe B.\.MS (Brondcasting Allied Mel"
ehllnt Ships) 1m"" code. B.., using this e<xle, we
were able to break "bom tiO Jlen:ent of lh\! nlt'ilSlIgO!ll
trnlll!mitted from shore stations to Allied merchant
ships:'
RESTRICTED
10 lin llllllollll""'''ellt the N,,,'r De-
I'nronenl it likel." Ih"l the of :?OO [TN:
N:>st of und<:'ei phe", ble] n\preh" III ",ul
w"",hips wil1l>e I" id I OW" t he eud of t 1Il<)ttt h
(. &pleml... r)."
"CQlI,lilioll of "i,' fo,",,,' in A"b.."t-b'-oudcnsl
f'"01Il Anwl'itll: Ft'v1ll .\tlluic"n W"st oonst to
l-lawllii, "ir I ,,"b!>OIt Anny lX.llul""">1 B-1 1I-26,
B-25. 10 of mort! thuH 27 plnnes; !lying
lxnllS PBY5.\. PB2Y. 2 formations of lHol'(lthan
G I'lanes. F"om Buwnii II> Fiji. New Cnl.edonia
"ir (br wl'y of AF, AC)
U-17, 7 of 'UOI'll d,,,n 21 planp,S; 11_2;,
und 3-26. 3 formations of "'0'" ,h"n II plalle.8;
in.. boats PllY5.\. PB2Y. 2 fomllllions of mOl'e
6 planes. Fl'Om Fiji to 1\ew C"letlonin. "ir
U'IUl'pO''t by 1l--17.!f.! Within the present
of 72n<l8qllmiron [siC) of eM,h,
it is nssnme.lthnt Ihere nn' 2 sqll"dl"Ons I>f 4.euj.!ine
seaplane units."
VI. NEUTRAL INTELLIGENCE
I. E,'identoe 111"t the JIII'"ne!ll:ol>t"ined informn_
lion from "euI",1 $OUtt"", is com"illed in the lith
Arm}' Intelligeuee Sum",,,t')' of 19 A"gust HlU,
Irllnldnted in ,\'1'1:; Enem)' i'ulJlieati(>ns28:
\C(:(!nlinK to in fum,,,tion from foreign SOllrces
"
DIVISION INTELLIGENCE
A. 14TH
REPORT B ell TeruGrouII
Secrel; Sl"tr ) II r" SectOI' Unil
[TX; 14111 Div.]; r'e]lI'ilrled by Pe e ro
IOJli1," 194.1. .
"
"
,..
EXHIBIT B.-jAPANESE INTELUGENCE AND
OPERATIONS REPORTS
pJ' JNTEL Exhihil B
r lhe intedinkiug n!latio!lllhip
1
le<:'IUS8 (/. I f
I, .- II" und ,l",t,on reports, eJlamp ell 0
.....11 1I\1e Ig
induded, .
botl' are r 11 ",illg ul'e l'ejll'e.'lelltMl"e of the t)'l>e
2, The 0 I) red loy ,',,]"iolls eOllllllllUd ochelons
)\,rls pn'pu . T
&frtl \.l'lll)' and Navy,
,
TA B[,E OF CONTENTS
I 'del/jge/we Repqrt8
t'salllple: J ..c n
.-\. 14TJJ DI\'18](,:< S'r!:r,I.U1f.S r. r..
BS _
, '2Orfl I)n'ISIOx H.....ll.
lJ. EX1'lI,\UJ"S. R kT
QIT,\ltTr.us 1;1'0
I) _
- U, I"nn 1K><:\flll;S1' C. >"aOlr . . .
C,wl'Ifl<Jm I) In.l" _.;'
ST.\",liiTl.r.I.IGy.iiC. D.
!tr.l'f)l(1' 24- _
E. Sl,iInt.",,;q: Isn".r.ua;sC"t: Ry.-
1><.>1<1.,; I .\:<1> 2 _
Action Reports
.0 BA<" USI1', '\(;'I"IOS ",,1m
. ]\",,,,,\1. All, _
J > '&SY. SUltll,\KT G. f'J<Q)1 ,\lAS. Gil...
0>' U, S. ASiMULT OS TIIY.
BEl''''' _
I. Gist k A snd
' \l1("S vII l III llreg]'(Jup.sectOl"lhe all' ll, ' ,.
'
,
. . .. >ersr_lenl ,.
'Ire 81tl1 ('Ontrnurng I ,- .,: Il'C on the ,
. '. I . 'CConn"r""ar I
.nem)' dnyh..ht hg 11l'r I, 'I A incn"nsel
'
" ,)aU(llu
1'\1 Ol'cr KQI"()t lind B"bell'""I_' I b,-I'lK'e
nl
I . lClIr I'll all .
'tillage don'llo <lUI' hhipl'mg 1 "-- ft,
. co_
Submnriue llll'lCks, Ill".' his pm-
'.'1-'118 th"l lhe eneru.\" h",! "lr... 'H'lrk on our
Jrlllinary !lclil'il)' ]l''e]l"r:llol.I' to au.' '
""",,, KUl"shid'ir"'i,cunlllla.. TJ' \'l'll.' . .....
,,,.. jOlI. 1< is surq;''''n!ltl!; 1hl! ui16Cll!t
\'al fOl-':""'. '"1 I ..
iug "" J. b '(rllIlSjl<lt'1 III -'I, 11<; lay.'
or 5lll'I' >. ,J. jUl"lti"once ""pIli', of 2:i Jql,
\ '1 1 br .
Z., ", I', ,\T1S I'" ,ratl
oIlS
".
,""II,I"H' 11
so,ys: \. '\hholl,h the left coaSt "'18
. kill' 't"'. .
")Inr "".' ) He were sign. ur S<"lle cxcjll'.
. 'II '1",e1. I I. ,
'
clle'u , ,""Il!! due to (Il: enemy Pro....
,,1 Ie nil ,_.
nW1l1 ""10,' "aid I lop "l,,,ck Oil ].Ale was nCllr."
huJlelin of II Mnreh 1(/.l3,
"I ., "hI I"" .
,. . . A'I'IS llUJlctlll 400, states:
Il1lJl5htwi 11,1 ,ion 'lost 0PI'OSilC! seems
"F "'yO) "" '.
., I ,"",," crOSSIll, "11'\'", No Cllfm, 1 nIl"
10 Il'n L" I ""
"'''11 '" "',ck bv ],'lId iti by wa)' of Nadzab, O,')'wa\,loa _', "
I * .. * [TN: illegible]. w
RESTII,ICTED
" S made in the dOCll-
C<>llu"enl: 1ll""110n , a. ". Caledonia
r
,
I ,. ,
Illenl" I Ie - <. , I '. lib da;nu'{
. \ won Ilriooncl"l' hOIll { llS S
III . llb''''t . '. ." a'l by pilUle
lhal ;( had ''''''''0''''011",,-'<:1 11,.;;1 CO
ill Feb"""l'\' 1j).j2.
IX, MI"SCELLANEOcU'NsgURCES OF
INTELLI E f "3
I \ I -,h \1'111)' IIQ im.. lligence rt'IIVn 0 .,
., , . 11 g 'tnleln"n ,
&0 lte",l>e,. 19-1;1 cvmains I he f" ,ow'."
I I I" \TIS
(">lllS all.. Ill, . CI 'kin' in -\U5-
"The U.'Sident .\!tache fOI" HIl'g I
'
I fll '"'''I"t'p,'''IOlllle, I ..
ma, e t Ie " """.. 0011 "Ild in "'"I"g'
On (;uadnb'llullhel'l' 11. \ \1 ,...'SIlI" lhe)'
o'"cr 1,000 .\mer;e"" .Mannes" ,,000 un.
\ U"ll1dlllU ib}d:e nw'u;tninOllS
li,-e;;aredolli/:;:lnlllsporl \\0' n
.,
ItESTRICTED
RESTRICI'ED
",h"llgt'(1. The lln-isoll unir I'lnnned 10
f''Om line On d'e of Ihe nrst, nnd
n"'Oernble On " lillc to lhe nOl'l1t of Tnnnpag' !\IId
Tnl"f"f" for n finnl
The night of the onr for"t'es withdrew as
scltedull"d altd OCl::ttpied a line f1"011I the no,'tlt side
of Tatt'lp:tg 10 the HO"lhen, area of hill 2'21 lolhe
hill on the SOttlltweSI of KnrnIJ(O"I' where pre.
pared fo. lhe final ballle.
\\'e lenrned b,' on tlw 3rd thnl
the el!erny "",,s' prep",'inl! C1'anes III Chnratl
Kunoo.. "nd workillg d:ty nn lligltt to enlnrge
A"lito airfield. The llurnJ.>",, of planes Illuding
!1lached ,3 and nlrendy lhe,-e nre a nll'nber
of Inr'ge lHIll planes.
.\flcr Ihe !l'h, ahhOllgh the \\'as not
deal', il "'lin be nssmned Ihnt a he'"Qic ba,tle was in
progress, and lhnt Ihe hono,' of rhe 11l'1'''''ial At'my
w"s made tllltllife>;t.
H(lta
Thet'C Welll n.ids by plllll"5 on the lsI,
211d, 4rh. and Glh. and in lhe raids on the Gth the
airfield town were oombed.
IV, New G"i"ea Area
'Ille number of 10 be in lhe Xew
Guinea area on rhe (lIh W;lS tiG. a r"duetion of 4G
ships as cun11l"no.l ro the 31d. alld of lG ships as
(X>mllaz1ld to Ihe 4rh. The n"SM'ls ro l>e
al Ih" principal bllscs ,,"ere as follows:
ships (increase of Ii o"er the
Uh).
Goodenouglt_:l ships (illcz-ease of 12 over
lhe
.\dmirnhr_ll (decrelll'C of 8 fl"()m ,he

Further ir is to heed to rh
e
fnet
lhut there 10",'" ur/,,,,nl nil dar be.
IWet"n MOrelbr nnd alld that the 'C$.
!oels I,t Admin. II)' are being 1"\.,<:luee.:1 in
number.
Ifev:ak H('9'(I1'
.\eeording 10 intelli..",,,ce rel}(lrrs from the
Sutuhem An'll ,\rrn)' on rhe :lth, the .\Ioto
GZ"Qup is ill the 'nidst of !l!l.']J"ntl;OIl for holdin"
Ihe poi",s of rhe Irewnk regiun and
Scpik ri"e,", aud of fighling II,,, Aus'n.Iin" .\r'''l"
rol"Celi ,,'hith a r" ad "andllg rrom Ihe regioll.
The :L"ll Arm)' Group and lhe K""'a GrOllI'
RESTRIITED
JAP INTEL Exhibit B
:tt'e n8S('mhlil1l! thei,' lu;li",,'y ."1 rengl h in II,el;\.'Ctor
"
'r
\'"","" ,uHl ItZ'e mlhe ,mdst of prep. IIOJ' ,ellS 0'
al'alions 10 llUack :\it"pe,
Si,rtl1i Itegion . .
Enemy ",ililnr., the Sltl"llIl ill
Itl" lolal of" 1t.llItlf. Ihe
Yuki Arm" Group is arl'ntlglllg liS malll. bl rength
on lhe ler, 'b"nk of Ih. To,' riH'I' IUld lll11kll1g prep.
",,,,ions f<>t "H:tck.
flia/.. Island Region
The enen,,' ctt'Tied out tt di ..ersionll".v bolllbal'd.
menl of !'I(\('lUfoor lslnnd witlt
cmise'"!! and deSll"t>yel"; at or;;/o on the 2nd.
Ullder llteco"el" Qf:t oolubing and lhe at as
cmi""l,>; lInd rhe bcb'lln lallding
ill the ";ciniry of lhe Ktt"';," pie", on rhe northern
lip of lhe ishmd. The II'h!ch hnd I"ndoo
L, lhe e"enin"" of rhe lI'elll eSllnlttled to nUIll.
I;';',. "boul 2,000 aceompnllil'<l hJ' tunks. The main
slreng,h of lhe NoemfOOJ" detllchment tlH)\"ed np to
lhe nOl'lhem Kallliri seelm' alld ,He pl"llSentlr nt.
lllCkin..... nltliciptt,in!; the annihilalion of rhe en.
em.\'. FU"rher, aceonlinj;!' 10 " :{ew Delhi hro"d.
<'''Sl, the "fO'1lmelllionetl I"ndillg foree ;s snid ((l
be n,,,de up of Amer-ican .\I",illes 'Illd infant I')'.
Altltougl, Ihe euemy has seized Coni 1"01 of nil the
tir'Sl ll""lle aidields on fliak, the Biak deta"hlllent
is ctll'rying oul orgllnized gllcn'i!la Warrll'll in co-
O)lC""rion willt rhe 11"",,1 rorees fOI' thllsake of tl,e
Empire [TX; litel1tlly "ttHlking tlte eoJol"S their
t-ent,,"1. ,,,ul ,,,,,, doing Ihei I' best to i wilh
lhe eSI Ithlishlllent 0 r "base. On,. nir forces nJ'e also
!ll'Conw,iSSolll tll ltas .liso.:lo""d tltnt lhe
:ll"d airlidd is beg;lllling ro lJe pili 10 nSi'.
0" Ihe251h one Ill"/,'" Ilnd $smnlltype pIalles
we,." Spot led, while on lhe 281 It, j ]n"ge Iype Ilnd
Rsmnll '.rpe plnllCS Wet." id"ntifi",1. In add ilion.
lbe enemy ise.,'nblisltinl; himself (>ll Q""i Island to
lite 8O,a), alld hilS cOll\plcted an ail'field
Ihere, On rhe Wrh olle l""ge tJ'pe phllle, 5
"nd 9 srn" II r.l"pe plnlles WCl"e 3[1('t ted.
Ct-Ildi/io" of ""lelll.'1 Air ill New
Area
. The "irfields bJ' rhe enmny lit present Ilro1
III ntlinber,'1 "t Iiollttlldin, 1 oil 'Y"kde, lind 2 011
H'"k. If lwo more n"e lIilded on Di"k lhey lI"ili
h""e" lotlll of 9. If we 1I11Sumc" 1I1""i"lIlIn 0186
pl"nll!l 10 all lIil'fieid tho)' will soon l""'e a
N
TEL Exhibit B
J" I
,
'
I_based air st'"ellb'1h of about 700 P'-...
III nil ]'
", ] ,] ,). Cilil use, lim agllllist which we must. be
.... hlc I I
<>fI Ol,r
OgasaUlaras Area
V. "k"r I'
.\1' enelllY :ilrl tIlg (""t:e Ull't e 1111 a'r atlack On
,'llIn on the :\nl1 !lnd on the morr,ing of lhe
1...0 I .],
1 ,'OtJ(ll ag";tl" "'a. e all' IItracks 011 oolh "'.0
']'J' 0 r '
, ,"d CIne" nnll. Ill' O!"tell at
,
]
llllCes ha"d ;It tlte bUI al.
, ]' ] ,
h ugh we succee<: e, III Slootmg down O"er H
',oue;; we 10SI 30 pl111111S Ilnd;, ships. We qUIl!I'
p" . (I' (' ) ,'Vtt ]
. ned II pnsoner ... Jg IIltnc ,ed 10 Ihe
of lhe ;,lh Fleet) nt Chie!>i Jim
II he uillde the folloWing st"temenls:
all "f'""" I. The OI'Sllll1Zatloll 0 I ,e ,,1.1 eel:
FOllr la"ge c"rriel"S--fJOI'lU't, )'ork/(lllm, Frank-
lin.nnd KIl"U/1t rTN: phonetic, nnable to idelltify]
and three others..
Cruiwrs---2:l
DeS1J"Qyel"S--llot known.
2. The plane_c"I'I'ying cltpncilr of lhe IlIrgecar-
riers i5 110 pl,'nes. bei".... Illade up of 4t) bombers,
lfighlers, lind 30 torpedo oombers. The cllpaeil}"
of the medium lind small cllrrier'S is 70plaucs.
3. The combined phllle'Ca,.,.ying C"pacilJ of Ihe
3rt! and 5th Fleets is llpp,o)[illllltel... plallC$.
B. EXTRACTS, 20TH DIVISION HEAl).
QUARTERS INTELLIGENCE REPORT 9
DIlted 30 t\pl"il lll43 lrallshtl(."{l ill ATIS ener,,)'
puhlication 145, pari 1, P"b'e G,
fll .\Inreh an con"oJ urri\"(."{l in IheSouth
Pacific. Irs total tonnage "'us aOOllt 1,0[,(l.oooton,.
It is lhoughl to hlll'C clI'Tie,1 tz"OOps 10 lhe
of d'''UI 1 di\'isioH (i, is ulmost. l!C1"1"in Ihat It
II'e Soulh Pttcifir },;xpeditionll"y Foree.
rh
e
AUSl"nJinn llih l)i,'i8;on) "lid "bolll
Slntes ArlllY lroops lo,,<ether
"'lIh III lenst 380.000 Ions of Itlnnilion$.
C. EXCERPT FROM UNDATED DOCU
MENT CAPTURED 9 JULY 1944
doemn"JI!. cl,plllrl.d on Xoelllf.oor alld
dt8<:rrbed ill ATl S Bull", ill W2G, pa!-'" 8,
",' , "" Pnc,fic llneogr"phed Skelch of tlte MUI II\CO.
'"d SOlllh l)a.'ilk III'\'IIS ,i,'illJ!" di'llOOlt,ons of
,\ II' ] '. .. I . """ IIp
Ill{ S('"t:ngrlt including snbllll"'nlf' s'g 11 111.,_
to lhe end of ,Januar}' 1:)-14. One nOlalion shoWS
"'J ' E 'rltul'land
ll]lall<"Se e"pected a lalldmgon lin :s
RESTRICTED
WUIN' They nl_o t>"""." 0111 demolitioll
"1"">oti",,, (''''ll 1.\'l's.
()"{)lIllhalirm of 1/1,,' rrdul;qlln:
PN""'lIl ... I_1 1.\'1', with 16 mp", 8
"n'w.... bOil' tn.'w. (;.Imell.
F.q"ipment_:! '"lehv1':<. I 11I"gllNic ,101011"10",
2:1 f,'<:t of 1I0"i,,;!. ,lyllamil0._,,,,,1 ",i",. hnnrl g''/!-
",,,10_ (il i, lhi< is lhe ,-quipm<'llt fol'
"liP 1.\'1').
.. dn1l""ite is {'Ollll""tc"
wi,h wi"t, 'lllt11;llItl,,1 "" ,he l1!t'f: ,he thanlll'ls
an' hl"_"'01 "11<'11 b,'> " "h"l'!tc whith is dPl"'1lllOltI
(!'Oil' th" <lNOI1l'I"l" ill ,he it 1I."alh ",h<
I:; ,,,illll1<" '0 ,lom"!i,-h,, ,."..( ,.0 fl'{'t 1()1ll!: to fee'
wide, "mlll ft>;., d'''''I'.
1'11# 11"t/f. /(f('or": This ,,"il w"" ill th"l').!l' of
dPlll"lilihl, of ".... f, Oil Suil"'" "ml G""""
Thp.... i" "" .w' no informali"" tOll'"(,l"IIing tlw
I. ,,,,,",,,Iinj.! '0 nulio '''p.>rl''of IOtn1 fort."el
lx-fon ,h.. h,ndin/-", on S"il'''11 "n(] Tini'''I ..",,,I!
bu.lb ""'1" u"l...1 to throHgh lhe
,....f.
II. al Nrro'I/,ai..a/l(:r
IT:o<:.\ 11 of litis pnl" is missing Wilh the excel"
li"n "f the following I'.r"gn,ph]:
wi,h sm"lltype hnlld gre.
nnd"", "'Hler\\'ater Hns (nlbbel' de-
"i,'e> W"l'n "I] ,he feet). ,he .willuners SWam to the
rC('f 20",,. """""rained Ihe depth o( lire I"y
lIudel'wHlel' .win"ni"g, earried out o,her ol"dered
,,,,oll,, .. i,,,,,,nl"'. They did not cnrl'\' 0111 demoli.
rim' ul>en'lio1l$. .
III. Ob""rr(J(ion.
The ene'nr is taking Wl """Wnre lnore "Ild IIWI'\!.
anti in addition to selecting IIlnding lit "ites
",hid, make il nerds,,,.)" for liS ta re"i", Our "iews
milih,rr they He '-'"'....,ing
Olll de' ailed l'OOlIIn"issnllCl' of other Heas 'and
nO O"'ul"ned ill o"er,-oming ol/Sr"des.
\\ P ennnu,- '!I"nore the lhorough IIl"n"er ill whirh
th.. Ollt ad"an'-"! prepal"'ions.
. 1'0\\'. dill)' and the essemial8 of
Ius we lIlU"tlx-. "'ore "ud more aiel" ''On.
ellem)". re<:onunl_llCl' "ctivity "IIti plnns
'0 ",fihrnte@ple'i "udel' "'ue,..
opera.tion" of ,\meriClill troollil h""e be.
(1'1lle duml-'. \\'e ran /let a ide" of
tlus from ,he ab'H'e ""a"'I,les, il illdiclle$ II
morale ""d vigor. Ie
RESTRICTED
"
JAP INTEL Ellbibit a
E, ISHI SUBMARINE INTELLIGENCE
REPORTS I AND 2
U"po,,1 I; V"I',I' Secrel; issllcd.oy (;2nd
6 Od"l>e,' 19c1-l; ClnCPlle.CilltPo!
ilcm B-IG. 4(H-O.
L Ahl"lIll!lt cnclIl," sub"'''l"Ille ncli"il)' in the
:o<""",'i Sh"l" has dl'CI"CnsPd dlll'illl! Scp.
It'lllbPI' to ,\ 1111',.1: I. StiJlsig.
"ili""111 iu "Ihl'" ,,,"C,l>. espeelnlly In tire wnte
""d wulh of Tni,,.,,,,. \V[' 11111.1 l>e
of Ihp e"em,"'s intel,tions ,,,,,I ,!L'eisious. For CI_
n",pl,', thl'olll,(h" of th," enemy's (on"el" Pi'll.'.
Ii".", tarlie,;, ll"d "iI' "etivlties we mny rOllcludl!
lhnt Irp pl""s 1I,e isoilltion of the Philippines hv
C1l11 i"l! off 011" slllfllce I ..a nSI':O,tnt i"n in t hlll
Tit"" his rll'lIl'p phtns Ill'e Ob"'01l6.
II, Th" SHhu",,.ine situation in Septem.
bt-I' WJlS nS sho,,"n on the nnnexed Cllll1t fnot ,wail.
able1.
Nun:: Hitlw,.to, intelligcnce "ep0l1s rOlH'en'ed
with ctrem.,' SllhmHi"es we..e included in
reports. Htnceforth, ,heJ' shall he
h"n<lIe<1 sepUI'''lelr 116 submnrine illtelJigellce.
Rel'0l'l 2: Vel'." Secret, issued (;2nd ))i"ision
Hend']II"I'tel'S 8 NO"clllber 1044; tl11nslnted a,
CinCl'ncCinCI'OA item B-lli. 461-K.
I. E""",.'" sightill/!S i"crea:;ll(1
("n,idembl... the 20,h, pal'ticuJady 111'0,,"11
0kin",,"" and .\m,uui Q;;lrilllll lind ofTaill"alL
1'01' the P'll"[l0'" of inflict in/! a8 mnn\' losses a!
possible on the ellemy olr till' nnd Tai-
w"n nlld in order 10 JlI'otect shipping. i5 fI.
II:"mel)" i"'Il<,,tnnt 10 de,'i"" quickly, highly Slrllle.
l!'C pinna lIj!ainst the su!>mnl'i"es aoo
t1""'I'0Jers. .
IT. .\t the li"le of tin I,ir' ullack 011 tlrc loth. a
"mnb",' of Sllbllln "illl's wel'e sighted 011 t!lt
ehtern ;l{:"ooill'd of Okin""'a. The\' were II'-
P"I"('"tl.l' ,'e.<pousible fOI' eonll1cl. with [he 1'l'St'lIeof
,ho rrews uf which were b.re1.r
"UO"!.
J!L Subn'llriue Sightings
SIghted in tlw :O<nu>ci Shot,>s (4 1I1llXW"
finned}.
The )lOSiliollS of tlw >;ij!hlillgS nl'e sho,,'n in
'Ire IUlIlex [nol cop;ed1
,IV. Balli e [....$OllS AnI i_SlIllmari]}!
\1'lIl'fnre (UlIhnnlrCl"" A.... ,,)
P""itiQ"J1: t:lIemy SUhma,.ines "nl siglrteJ f.....
'I"eutl). not only lliolig l'<1n,'OY "Olnes "lid n",r
JA' INTEL E"hibil B
" 1}(>ItnHt plll'"eS, bill HI!\(} IPProachin,_
-,hf
rlll
' 1"1 IS _."
'" ,l al ""ens lin< IS al]( s. 'ilE!tlinp IDore
roY'-;:; dibtnm frurn the QIJOI'e.men.
pIllet'S wei" "Ill"['. Tltis fltl is impor.
.. !rOlll !l,e sltHldpomt of p"ll'ols agRirlst enem'
lollt , )'
I!nlHl'I1'f'oS , .
;tiT;"';;: TIl<: best t,mes fo,' SIghting elleilly bub.
('!l HI'P befOl'e dn"'n, ,,'I'en Illey HI! I''',
l,a
rlll
. ' !" I. . ' '.
"rir,g to or (.,.,tmw .nd
du,k th(W for' duri"g Ihe
" I' 1'111l1ld t IIk,"/! CIJ/!UIZ""ee [If t hl'Se fn('l.
nlg I . ,
are 10 l>e followed.. we hn"e not lIeg_
!l'c1<J<1 !'lIdl OI'I?o>'tllllllICS. ...rrt eXl'erienCl'l! have
shown thnt sllbs h,,\'O] been SIghted crlliaing on the
.;urf,,("(' nfle' dllwn and be!o,"" d"sk. Sueh in.
".U('CS !Ire nlre, hOW"\"OI'. At OC-3Q ou T .\1"." n
('('rlaill seHlni " Hld"...,d enemy sub 10(1
kilomelN'S north of D"i bland. "lid "nd
,"uk il '[flickl)'. A ''':11uill indepelldclIt
,ighted a S1lrf'lced enem}' sub e"st of Monlt"i Is-
land dlll"ing II 811",,11 on 30 .\by at 1143 and al.
Ml.'ked "lid S!lnk it. ThesealetwocxHmples. :-001
onl,. tlln sHch "et",,1 ('ases he ('ited. 1,,"1 serer.1
cnn iItI llH'lltioned in whith look
pl.ee betweell 0100 lind 1000 nnd [,ptween 1200 "nd
1500.
!rell/her: AIt h()lIglt 0111' l"CsPnl'Ch on lire comp"l'.
kon good and b"d welllltel' hns rlOl yet been
OOII,pleled. it Clln be htilled Ihllt whenlhe wenllter
i, bad (this l"efel"S to I'Hin)' welllh('r 01' poor visi
bilily lind docsn't include eHSCS of wind Ol" nin).
e;;pccinllr dllring ,;qualls, enem)' sull$ often crlli;:e
on Ihe SlIrfHce "'nl present good for
"ud C<llltnet.
Halte'"!J l'orpedoes: Heeell1l,I', difliru1ties i"
;;jloUill g tU'"l>edo wnkes hllvc heell elll.'Olll1tered. lind
i\ is SIt.peeted that the ene"'" is IISillg bauer,\'
t?l'peUOl'l;. Th<! 1-e"UltS of lhe
\o''Pedoes wnsltl'(l up 011 lhe af
K,lnlnno :O<lIda "'nb"llma Oll:l Scl'tembel' l11'
" . lellie thntlhe\' wel'o (or n deplh of (l feet. This
'lIgb'C.t. Ihllt were batlelT tOI"J)edOl!5.
F. ACfION REPORT, 53RD BASE UNIT,
YOKOSUKA NAVAL AIR UNIT
reI',\" Seel"el' [l1-ep"red b,' [r.31"(1 Bllse {'lIil (lOt",
lion I " . "11 I
. '0 S'"led) nnd to' en( - ,
(ern [IIVcst igll Iion I:x.p" I'lment , l'O"el"O23 .\/nrrh-
June document found in .1,,1'." nnd lrans-
at....1h.l' USsns.
"
o.

I. :os
'"
(',.m.,1.
.j,b C'!rU IlJ: J)oopo """'IM,.'---, fif<I
C""'trv<'llo1llltt
Ror ,101I f'I' ...._ '. !:o- 1...... _
1'I'Tl< L
b. / ".m- ...,
llllll."' lIr<I _ 1'......
0<1\ Em: llepl r......-.
IN'fEL Exhibil B
)loP. ,00-200 metel'S; \"isibilitY-2Ion _ f
.,,",,1- . 'I'" 00 '10 '0
rr- 'IQlldy; km. On third
frOll1 IIbollt 200 1Illlltieftl miles from
"..-, ",t of cloud&-Iess than 100 l1lelers. ,'.'
. wIg , I.
1_"'" ,<) krn'i t'c.,t of vi,',b,',
'Jill- , .
bl 'less thnn 20 kill,
i,.r-:
I
m'l: 2 sholni.
}. ! '-''''9--.'1 plnnes took off. I'llllleou iir..tlitl,
t'H".........- f
,
buek hecam;c" bad Weather.
. '" f"
. 4<>0 nllllltcfl tn, es. IIno on seootld line
""hllo, , ' , '
,
aWIe. Plnneo\l t 1'1t1I'tle,SDtIlensabo"e
"lIlea . I '1 .
rndills, 10 \lnlltlCU IIlI es, Ellemy tint
'. Oil all)" of the Sl"!Il",h lines.
Hl'mninder o! i?l1
,)I"oduccd due SIllIl),,"II,\' io [lIMe"ial repro.
.. " , J' '" f tlnced abo"e; oi let' sec lOllS I:("'e 0 tlames of
IIlPmJx>rs of the unit lind II series of charts \l"U
IPIll'lIdl'll. of which I",pt'csent"ti\"(l senrch plansare
included in the text nbo,e].
G, EXCERPTS FROM lAP SUMMARY OF
U, S, ASSAULT ON THE GILBERTS
rcr.'" &,<:r\lt ; issued b)' Ilcad,!llatiers,
tillil. Japanese AI"Iny, dnted JanUlll')" 1944; tr;ll1l'.
IIll'{1 liS CinCPllcCinCPOA iiem 10,018, This
document is a detniled action 1"C]lOI'I on ihe U, S.
Illickon 'l'1It'l1wa lisiillgchronologicall)" theenni$
priorio, during, 'llid following the IIdllUI bndillgs.
The oompletl'd dOCllmeut co,'e,'S the period 14-27
XOl'ellibocr 1943; this cxcerpt l"Ol'ers the Sl'Ct iOll of
therepol't fOI' the period 1+.21 November inelIlS;'"\',
mention is mude, in the document. of
iutercepiing ,md using U. S. I'lldio repo'1S to SlIp.
.Jllpnnc'e disrupled communications.
these tnessuges the .l"p"nere I"""tletl ill'
t<uded l'CinfOteelllents and of the dmn,,/:-'ll rece,,etl
!lUI.' 0111" ships. The dO('ullleni nlso contllin,
l"CpOlis of U. S. shipping
it c1"inls the sinking of 1 Illrge carrier, 4
llto:Illun carriers,:l Ct'uise,'s unt! I destro,l"Cr. dam
If t04 Cllnier!!. I BB.;I CA, and 1 trllIlSp0l'1. Ilild
1 ellllStrlletion of lOOpItIUeS. The OXI'crlll follows:
at O'e i( i1IWty Ooultlcr.lJ.llod'
Gilber/ Area oj NOl'Nllbcr /943
l \)1 i!iOlnled IInll helpless bodJ of HOOpS cour
%$1)' Sup<:ll"iOI" AlUcric"n fone;; Oil hot
:'41 SOlitlll";I' isl uuds j (I"t below I he eqllatOr. ,\ fter
"",dan fillull
r
died ill honor, exa",ples to All
IJe lllbo.-I"S of thc '111'lllftl fOI'I:es. They, with tbe
roes of All u in the !lol,th, 111'<) tIte /lowers of
"
JAP INTH E>:hibit.
f
,
"
'0 aboll! 300 nuutic,,1 Illiles f"OIl'h.._ hal _.
,'i,il)ili,,' nlOI"(' than km.; '"("l of cou'_l'I;in'
,"i.ibilit:\" 1.'88 thun :I.klll. ,
"8.Ilarch: J shot,11.
OH()..(l.l-lr"-:J pluucs took, 01T. EllelilY not
' " 'on ,"ll' of Ihe seurch Imes.
sig I C{. ,
1310-1-I0:.-AII pl"ncs rellll'nc( ,
\\'eHthel': Cloudy to hulf cloudy 011 all
cloud dcusity-i: heighl or
lIIeiel'$; k.''':;. at tho "ery end
of the 'iil'St lillt'-.....cIe"l'j than 4(1
kill.
,9 .l/aMI>.: 2 shol ui.
phltl"" took ofr: ElIenlr \l0(
sij!hled Oil Imy of 1lie S/.'nl",h /'ines.
123ii-1320-.\lll'llIlIes
Wellther: Olttw:lrd---{;Iolldy to de,,,,; cloud
to 8; of clouds-sOO meters;
";sibiliiy-30 kill. "isil>ili,)"_
11101'0 thun40 kill.
Chllrt of !;(lueh pilln. 30 .'!luch_!?!? ApriIITX:
repN}{llIced] froll! churi to doeumellt.
BASE
&areh nulillS: :,70 llaulicul milcs.
JAllen" l'ij.'"ht, G:, IUllltlenl miles.
Scueh p)Hlles: 2.
30 March: ;) shot,,1.
550';...()505-3 pla!\{>s took n1T. Pluoe on first line
1I1l1lc<1 Im
c
k bee,,,,.\ie of bittl hH. Se,u-ch no.
dius 460 nautil'lll 1')1111" on set:oll(lline s::llllle
u ao()\'e, searell radius ,l(lO ""UtiClll lilles. Plane
011 IhiI'd li1le $llttle as llbo,.,. M!:t reh ['lid illS 251) nau,
lical Ellen1\' nOt b,' ,"1\' of the
plallC$. . . .
100001'lanc on Ihird line rellll'llcii.
I H;"""'I'lllll
e
on second lill
e
1'01 1l1'llftl.
1W{).... PIR1Ie on fil'St IIlIe rellll'ne<l.
WCather: On fit-;;L lind fl"Olll
IIbOllt350 " " ..f
11IIllllcai tlldes f""nl onse; hPlgl
RESTRICTED
WeHlher; Going and l'eturning-half dear;
cloud dellsily-l); height of c1olldil---6OO-800
",etel'S; "lsibilitr_I'l kill; "isibil;t)' IIt'"r end of
3nl line-less thlln I klll.
.. I ShOl111.
OH-l...Q.l-l1i--3 planes look olf. Plane Oil second
""'II"'!> lill" tllmed back lll'Cau;:e of lMd ,,"Mlher.
Selll",h radills 550 nautic,,1 miles.
()!l(l()-...\, " poitll -l:l HOl) lI"miclll mile;;
f"olll IIn<e 53 all "IWIlI)" slIrfllee<:1 submarille was
sightt'<1 (t"(>1I1"S(> 100 degrees. Sl)(,,-'d 14 knQls) and
w:\s illulledialeh allllcked. The pin lie dmppro
60 k;r. Mk. 2' bomb:; (Iu'h;e.-ed" Ill"'" miss) ill
its Ii'-;;l "1I"ck. ""d immedilltclr lIn'uN!. III the
second al'"ek. I :'C 60 kg. 2 ool11b WIIS dropped
"t th... point at which the submnrine bnd sub-
merged. X0 l'I'Snhs wen.! ,'isible 011 l he s'Il'faCf', ,md
"I 09"2J the plane ull'ned bftck. The plane Oil the
lhird lin... lurned back beclluse of Imd weMhel.
s...areh l'lIdillS 4"1) uftUlical miles. E"f<my not
sighted 1m first and third se",,,,h linllS.
l320-1330-.\1l plaues I"\'turlled io base,
\\'e"lher: At c.... tn.!rne end of course-raiu; ,isi.
I kill.; elsewhere, h"lf.<;1011d."; cloud den.
Sity_5; heighl of c1ou<l_200-4(l(\ melcl'$; "isibil.
km.
Z5 .Uu,",,": 3 shotui. antisllbmarilw
112:>--114(\......3 plaues took off, enemy not sighted
on of the Sl!arch lines.
134(l..134f>--AU lIb""" retunle<1.
Weuther: Cle",' on aflsearch lines; ";sibility_
IllOre than 50 km.
f!C .Ua7'l:''': 3 shotsi.
0-l-lQ-.O.W5---3 pl"nes took olf. Plane Oil fil"St
lille sighted utle llickel bomt at ;';(l degl'!eS 32J
nalltical miles from the I'lalle ('II second
line turned back beeall"", of u.d weill her. Search
l"lIdius :330 nalltical miles. Same for plane on
third line. rndius 390 namic,,1 miles.
094o-l'lnne Otl !ieCOnd Jine retllrlled.
0945--plaue On third line J"(:turlll'(1.
1215--1'1
8
11" of Ii"'t li"e returned. Encmr uut
sighted Oil of the lieaJ"(:!l litlCll.
Weather: Entire WUTSe On Ii,.,;! lillll--.<:Jou{h"'
cluud height uf dOllds--I,OOO
,isibilit, about 30 km.
On line-rain frOll1 about nUl/tical
miles from base: of dOlids-iO-IOO meters;
visibilit)"_2 km.; 0" rest. of oourse-clou{h':
,isibiJit)--3()...40 km. ()" third fiue-doUdy
"
RESTRICTED
- 1.1,-:::'-',-- :'=::.:-::::.:... _
.. .,.
-.-::::::a.:.-.....-
--_.-
... - .. - .....

::"?--... - .... _ ..
---
-.-
,
...lI:
......,
:::::--:::.::
- --.......
:-l =:::....u
..
"_ "-__'l::='-
...':r Il<).
'....;-. .... _,--.::-
..- ....
I,,::," '__., _
-J----:i--:--::------:--:--:--- ..- _.__....
-...... ". .. _--
the In'W'' South SellS Ill'ell is heillg expended an<l -
the inl"llsion will be repulsed. ": H\Xl"e ronsul1lf'<l. J:1l'It tlnl of
ffiallltillung Iltary .-\A Ii", Illd.... It
Aetioll of Gilbc,1s (blltai), , 20 In nrral' f . ,_
or nl'J:O'lIl Il'plmi..J:J.m", Prtiorat
'tlilber, ,lIllomu of IIIUno ou hand teIJlftlded 1;
I. At 0600. afte!' ene<n)' ]llllncs ., rl"".-13.7em. IlP j/IUI.I"ltlO IIGI'
..ilMrew,:l cruiscrs IInd:2 DI>.l were ap. j t'nl. field ,\.\ .
prolching this islllnd from 300 degrees, lind from b. Yakin--13 mm,lIG. HlItQ ,:;lUll I:
1814-tO':l'2 proc<;C(k'{110 a poillt 1800 meters of the min. .\IG, 2J.1lO r91 ,,).
XII' Thel' "helled liS fier(;elv with 186 snh'O);; e. We mU5I quiddy 1l'pItai.b.- f,,,,the
(nllmber of r.m'nds fl'Oll1 the lending cruiser: "'e 13m",. .\16> 011 both TIflI'a'.1IlII! lIoki...
ronduded thllt they l'xh"ustL'(1 mOSt of their am.
Dil't'Ction of escnpe. 240 degrees;
COUI'lle, 280 speed, unknown.
2- Results of b1l1l1e: 110 hils., l'esuhs 1I11-
kllol\"n. Ammo eXI)('lIded: 20 em. gun, 46; i4 em.
gun, 104.
3, Dnmnge:
B, One 20 cnl. ),(lIn dcsll"O)'ed (tolal of 2, I
III time of IIiI' IIHllck); I field AA
ll'Un des:tl'O.led; IlO other damage 10 ordnllnoe;
A,\ fire. anrl CD fil'e possible.
b. Bnrneks Ilnd olhel' buildinl!5 <lamaged
r1urillp: IIiI' attack, furtlwr hen",' dllmnge.
There is no othm' to ,"ld Ihe pre,'i.
Oll$ message.
4. Impressions:
II. It is thought lhat the cnelll." has
AA gllIlS 0Il He i8 using" time bombs.
b b. Euel1l.' ships guns II ....' dCSlrllcl;'C.
lit dllllllll,'ll is smull eOlllpllled to d'al b.l .,1'
allllcks. SlllOko SC"cens S\,oem to be ell'ecti,c.
.c, "'0 mUSl cquil) ou,. /11.1 Imjcetor.I' guns
W'th lin eje<-fing d.".: 0 to illCl'ta>e the firing
s1X'cd.
,"
""."ru, 1>.0<... "'"""" 80 rio-
gf:
<IIj(I(I A'''ln" 11_" .,..11.
'm S'"m,'"''''10 .. ro,_
03'o-o:m '''' ..." 300"'-
""4 ., .
"'-"",., ,..........
11<1&--''''''''' ,.18",,_
'm-':lllH'h ., 101'1._
Z""triers,:) lind Z DDs WIlS to
""ulieul ",iiI'S wllth of '\"'I'IIWII.. From the _p-
lleamlll"l' of tlu' ships "lid lin IlHuck by Cllflllr
]>1",lP1:' on it was dpdllced t hlll II Illsk force of
I ClUTier ",uI3 el,.,iSO:I"S ,,"us SE of l\!ili. Ho\\'e<rr.
of h,'a,.\ rllin eXlending p:ellHlIlIy O"Ct Illt
HI'II, il pro"ed impossible to attaek tilt
Ja,ler, nnd it was dec,"('d feasible 1.0 nttaek tilt
former.
3. Results of baltles (lotnl fo,' both <lays): I
'"e<:liulll "'''Tiel" Slink; 59 Slllull model platies
do\\"n; 20 '1111111 model planes possibly shot do,,":
8 n",del plllncs shot duwn; 2 IlIrgc model
plntles JlO,"Sibly shol down.
4. Impol"tantdumuge (lvllli fl>J" both days: lhw..
howerer, is '10 to butt lu) ; 2 x ZO cm.
:l rlldar (TII'1IWll);;I tllnks; 5
allnck I'lallCSi I fightCl" I'lulItl; I Zcro OWr\lItKm
]llllllc: olhers lJeing inw'stigllted.
U. The ('I\enl)" is air 1I11acks relNil'
Il':lSly lind it is pi" iIl th" t o<''CIl]JII t ion of Ihe Gilbtrt:
"''en is planned. 'rhe full strcngth of the forctl:liD
"" _
, _, """,,01,....011 br" 8 .....
-
-
"
""
RESTRICTED
"
"
Parl !!-.$ilua!iQ/t Q{ m IWO () Decemha
[1'.\": Probably 'lUa'l! "'Qtocmbu)
.\ctioll SWllmar)' ...f unilS (Inuai) in Ihe
Sumh Se>ls .\r<.lR (%OO 21 l'i'''''c,nlJer)
leI'S. l'ni,:
1. Al dnwn on Ihe l!lth I],e firsl IB,k force
(3 I liB. "cruirers 8",13 DD.<) WB.< apprOlich.
ing 130 nallli('l,1 mile. SW of Tarawn: Ihe .\IeCOnd
'n.k (I CV.l BU, I cr"i""r Hnd:! DOs) WaS
approaching 60 nmnicnl milt." S of l\'nllfll. In
joinl action "tlllcke.l T"rawa and l'i'nllrU re-
spec!i"el)' by air ,,11 ,IllY lung. At Ihe $Jollie time
20 R-2h HUncke<! .\lili. we fOllnd
IhM" I..,.n.pon OOIWOY (I OD,3 tra"sports) com.
ing to nUack Ihe Gilbens Wh 100 na"lical
SE of T'lI'a"n. 0,,1' air f"n.-e, defyin!! Ihe bad
W.....lher which I're,,"iled lhrollgholllihe
area nil a, 1700 On ,he 19lh $"lIk (t<.mfitmed)
a medium carrierof the fi,'i;! In>k forte 130 IIBlItical
mile>! from Tn.... ",, 81 217 deglWS.
2. ;\t 0'2<>0 011 ,he 2l)!I a t"sk force eompO!!ed of
llG
I"'
I"
XSI-ITIO:'-. PMn' /'....
TJ.' 'W' All)!" Am OI'I'ICfJD;' Sc"OOl,
,
'J ll.l.J:<I:<O '1>Io:<u.ll, DA,'n:ll
.\11
.\ron"l' J(lH _
, .. CU,II"T':I1 111-1 l''IT.l.I.l0I's<;t:
.. , ,
A'1)' Y A1'1"'1\)";; f1A,l'llllOOJt,
D.\TW "f,\l,<;I' I() ,,'- _
CPJJn"
Ge."f:IlAI, 1:< Alii
FON<;I: ] :<Tt:I.I,""::<I")o; _
(:;imi]ar tnduing doculIIents fOI" Ihe ,Jnll-
Ill!>e Xu,')' Ill''' "
l. :0."0 sehools fOl' the tn,inillg of illl..
officers exist('<! in eithn lhe Japanese Army or
X'fI". The clilTiculum of the X"'"I1] Stllff College
did ;Iot indmle nn intelligence <;01lI"SC. The cur.
of the Will' College clllied fOI' instruction
ill combal intellig:l'nce, codes, lind counleres]li-
onaga lIS a part of lhe gellCl"l11 Il'ainiug of oflictrs
ro'!taIT dUlJ" A tuUd of 8 e1IlSSl'S was nl[olle<1 (or
tb inlellib'Cllce .
Courses of lilnile(1 ;;cope on the fllndlimentills
illlelligellee wel'e illdude<:1 in the gell-
Ii'll Il'lIining of .\nlly nil' omcns aud lIvialors.
.I.iindiealed OJ' (,he chnplers on inielligence trulls.
l&ttd from J''1mnc,;e I nlinillg IIl1lulluls and J-ePro-
dllrtll in this exhibit, Ihis tl"aining of n "er)"
nnllll"t!. .
lRANSLATION OF PART VI-INTELLI-
GENCE-oF JAPANESE ARMY AIR
OFFICERS' SCHOOL AIR TACTICS
TRAINING MANUAL DATED AUGUST
194<1 '
I. (lex):I<"" TO
[A 1)1.7"":8, .
illl]' SMUlln)")' of gllneral linisoll 1Il nIl'
is shown on lhe following
tt I)).
I. /,,/ If"
& .e 'gence Duty Regll!IJliolis
11I<Jtn"I" I'ofol'
II 0 "<;1'1'8 "m;;l de'"toe rel.'ll IlIlOlb
J.... of all inl1'lligenec oJlldell (see SRkko

.."", .. ,. "ohl .. "'" rn_
0'11 .."'r W>dlo.
JAP INTEL !::lbibit B
I I ,I Slidt down 011 shi",., ,
32 CUI'I"\CI'- ",.e, [ ,
[lOS'il>lell, . I) I I I
:\. DlllW'1ii' (nsn..'el"l,lIIW' : Il( lIt:e'
. I :l3 [ulltlntl",k p1:Ill(':l; ij s.tdl lnlSll:illgj 2
,1-,11"" """ I Zel"o Obg(JI"\'lItlon plulle seri
/.l'I"U ,en[ , .
",,;;1," du","gl'd: ""'I'II
W
I1 nut 1l"nJector'), A1\ glins
,,11ll;"'t u;;eleS'l', .
4. Out' ,-eumining ,ul" bll'C"gth (II IlInd'attack
I
JS fi,htel' plnne;;, 10 J"ecco ;;e"pl"ues) is
p ,
t<)lIll1enltlllckillg tlm enc"'y ,-,ceuputl<>n forces on
'[""rllw" 'lild M"kin, pl'Oledlllg' ollr "rill]' unils
(lJul,li). We cxpec,t to d<:,lro.)' the e.'lcmy. AI.
Iho".!!h lhe weathel' III the nlell hilS been
Inul nil "".1", dclll' wculher IS expected nfter Ibe
2'"2nd.
.oo

RESTRICTED
RESTRJCTED

-
-
"

-
.oo

-
=

-
-
-
...
..
-
-
oo
..
'03
LIAISON IN (JAPANESE) AIR FORCE
Tltll u1'Jf<t uf o:omhll hlC'un1la--' ia topt
Ol.al"." abolll ..:or .'Iuarioa.
IlIt'lInf P''''''') filllpr pla-. Thia elIn he __
plr,hl'<1 Ibr(llJjl'h .11l' II... of filrt,ton and
d""t' \'llOlll'l"lIl'bfl -JIb 1'l'lnrip.I .........t l1li.
OL,..."afl"" i ,be ,_ in'pwT.nt __ of
"..... It bf"l ...hieTrd by-.ll.
1II1t L.....d """,""ai_II.... .. po. eom-ndon
I"d Ih..ir .. ill find it ad t ... _
lhl',t Q"'" pl.n.... fbr of.o..<:or.... r;.", f,f 1op<"","l'hiraJ
f"lll"", 1.,,1 hrhf.t a,.,IHt,'" Ih.. war oilnalioQ.
.\eri.II'I"',,'I-'npl,re ..... oolv ",lub"" f""fll'.
br "ria ii, bul they IDa_t Ir,::, bt It>l'd In pa.c.,
", Or fhr maki,,/!" ""',,, flo
n
. "",rial pboro.
of .n niP" IT. a i:l; g<'OtftU.. rather
dilli.:uh. .
Radio fqlllP'lJlfIll CIOn be,.1 he 1l.'I1t Iligbl and aJ.
1'" fIQ nnf.""rab!e atnM"pberic
f'<"IIl./iru.rt>.
II. '_.....,.
.\mocl/!" dll' ooject:. Qf -.u.i=aD<Je i:l; to.. gllh_
..rin,e: of fltl.> C'OIlretlling tiJrlr. and 1DaIl.
I ...t of Ilrojrn..d M:i<.as. It io rital that !hio be
:lo('OOmllli.J""" ,,-ttly .nd unbdrno..... 10 u.. ftl.
"III.". 1I"""'"r. if lbe lIllf1ti..n deInand.. il......
mll."! he I_'lared 10 ("any OUI in
to.. fl"" of 'Irl....mined _i<t.D<"e by the ........y.
In ........,nai..noe .cltk it ;, 10 mah
.n nlt'T\ IH COlllllari",.n of lhe aad past
"tluatioll... l:Il'ing llanirvl.rl! C'lrefullO df,tfoO'l .n..
d'IIIj."e'< hll ...... hate 0t'<'1IrT!'d.
e. -";gilt
Ait holl' it i. di&io:ult lQ ulJc.in b.. nibobt
it I:(>()o;>[ impol'lllll Ihal Ibis
"lftllS toe u>oed in oon'lKiiOill ..ith dar'ight rK'<l!l.
n.i-.nt't.,;o Ihlt a"..- cha"gtS in lbe ..nemy mores
.11l' Iligl,t may htromt dear. Tn th,S 1IlI.Il_
'Ir't "011 c.n.
For night l'fC()I"'II ll<:<l mU51 mlk..
thorough pn'llIl'Irio!U .Ild )utI should 1lSl' rad,o
eq1tillrnenl. mll"l lake e'-..rJ
pre<:aulioll agam,. 1:Il'1II/!" deee"'ed Ibe enem.,.
TllOrollgh """'llI!'Ifions mu.1 be nladp; each (if
the erel\" ""L1 be a"""sned (llle Plrtleu!or
,Iur,: And lhe lleW 'uembt-rs. ,u.in,,''''"(,(, I"d
..te. lIIU;t I:Il' illfoO\'l'l1 of lh.. pl.lls of
0l)<'rol ion, A> Iluirkl., as
t 1Il1l,1 IJe dO><' l-or ...""u nA 'Oil allJ

,,,1\"111"1,[1>, H ,..",<"i"", "'1"m IUIL'1 be m.de, KiTing
d... fur huch lUI action. It moot im_
e"Hy of {"(l,"muulcatioo alld
In'U'Ull';';lltll be u;ed, Signlll el)uilHUellt ...ell
lind olher ::cientilie mUII',"j thaI
tlte alltl a{'('umle of Inlelti_
I-""l('e reporlS m"y be aSl>u!"1'd.
5. A""lysis o/l",ellige"ce
III m.kill).:" u* Qf t'>Ile mltSf .I....
k"o,.- It, .'l<>I11'('e, lime. and m."''''r i" ,.-hi<-h it "h
glllheN><!. Illal,..i.ool' nH,,.1 ..eigh il
10 n,habduJ' and s'I-'llifir:ance. FU"heO/JOl'e in
ad.lilioll lQ *iellli/ic ('()I,.itJel"llliQrll'. It/'NI ntre
nlll,1 be liken "-Ilh Irhal m.r 1'lpNr IQ be a lriri.'
Ilelll, fQr might lead IQ imelligellte of the
highest import.n<:e.
When aualyzlllg \"('11 lUll"," UQid
1'rf'l."U'J<."('j)llo<l..'. ronje<;t:ure. and illatle<:luale proof
of attUraCJ. '-ery i'llllO"am infOl"mltion an be
obt.illed b)' en,n Ibe m""r lri ..ial facr"
f .....m ..ie""l'oint ('()IllllariJll!: to..m
...irh orher bi,-, of illtelligenoee. Care nlll..-t be I.ken
M>.S ro .'oid ,.."ial judgnlenr and erron cauoed
".'. elle'''y rkftl'lion or prol..p.nda. ek.
G. In'411ige"u Ruords
When making """"rd one must
make S1Jfe IhK! II... arnolll,......lent. u"""'. and Ira
of analJ'Ze(1 illtelligenee i. ('()II\'enient for
high fC!JeIQU oolluna"d. bIocall.."e il ill CI$OO,ary 10
11;,(' inlellige,lCe "'h"" maki,,/!" illlell4,'I'IlCl'
plans. Otller ('()Iltlllallds and toeadqua"ef'$ al5'O
II"" I.l.n" in this same n..nner.
JAP INTEL Exhibir C
II, RECONNAISSANCE
Reconltll i_'lee IlroC<'dures fQr senior .ir oftiOl'f'$
,,'it! fQuud under
I{t-eo,,,,.i,,,;>tu(e Ilrocedurf':S for anll.' air I"I'nlrl'
;;;(lulldron. is under laud in.lnlction
lll'Of:<."(lul'C>:.
I. Geller,,1 RIfles
. uf r(Con1lUU8UI! ttUtIj;J Illl4
TI'/Y)llrlaU8U1lce
should ...... ulldertllken not olll)'
1,)" Ihose IIJlpoililed ro 1"<JOO'lltlll...aUCll. tell.llIS;
1'II1h",', ('I'e,')' unit should mllke in"csllgatlOn8
,"'hid, Ill'e jlllllO"llltll for silllllri?tls, S."ch
11I"elili g'ltions '"ll" be clll"I'led Ollt It) Illsl'edlUll,
'hn IIStl of lind radio CqtJiJlfloelll, ete,
COMPANY
SPEI;lU A'R
fORCE
REGIIIEHl
JAP INTEL Exhibil C
INTELLIGENCE
PLAIIE RE6111EII1
IIETEOROLOGICU
AIR "RIIY HO RECCO
,"1;"0
PL&J<E

CHAI" 0' CO.... UO

LIA"<< CMA...
L'''''O'' I['WUOI OIVl"ON UC
WNfN IN o,,,rcT
'
AIRf'ELD
eaTUnlOlI
11 LI ....ON ItTW(lIO UO .. , ....no
U'ULIO_ .. ",R,<nO WNUf aUI.EN"S
ITATIO"fO, I['WUOI RUINEIOT uo CO..... ",
WNf" COO'UUIN'" UTWfU "UIIOENT no .UEO"OLOOOC"L
,oacr ONO .,R INHLLltUCf aUllOUT 1M ours 0' CIUC,
coo'rUTlO" IN LUO CO...."
&I LI.'SO.. I[T,,[[.. "fCCO 'LU( "",....., .NO
"NlN '" tool'l .. 'lOOM
RESTRICl"ED
GENERAL
RSTRJcrEO
'"
CHAR' I
10:,
RESTRICTED
RESTRlCrED
2. ReCOnlJ4;lstluce Troops Im'es/igatio
H
11 Regiment
lllke plnns 11\
Thll ''',mlllll,,1 COlllllll",dcl' IllII,l " , of
.. f Illl' "",holIng
"ith hi,. dUlles ur " pl"II'
b
' SVs,ClllnllC
1Ilh.'_ll'!,1clIl'c dIll ll1Jf wm.ll. f the
I II
'll CX('(lIl1on <)
Illllglsneces8l11\ fortU"'gc' LIS
. .',. 0 'u '10 ()('Cll",ons, 1
the reglllletll s (lltles. 11". '. f nil'
thllt the 1'1""5 COllrllr \\',:h thOSll" .
di,j",;on$ for the ,nll,ering of inlelllgcn..... ,'"
I or<lalla: '" I
The regimental er)1l ""-';: "
. . I' .j air ;;<Jlllldron ,I'
his dulllS IllUSt Ita .HIC to elle I , J "
. the tUlle ,m ".
purpose of the re<;.'t)llllll,ssnnct'. .' Jl
"",,, of its N'(;{)l\l\lli5SllllCe lind oh;en,,,tIOn,
Inll.' li('(' to it that lld".'!llllte re<:<.>lIl\ll.'S!llll.ce .
- .' \ I tllll!Ollle
ollsen"lIlion is carried Olil. 'S IIC 51 I. I
quire>. he mllst designate supporting lllllts nll(
assign reconnaissance crews lQ each of them, l
"-hen the I'l.'gilllclHal comlllnilder orders I 'e
. d Ol.>ic"IC. etc. hc air !!lJundl"Ons to I'l.'<;Onnolter an ..
inform Ihem aC(;ura'ely as to
"nd nmnnCr of "':tking reports and. oll1.er "1\1-
port ant mntle",. Aoxording 10 Ihe SIlunt,on, Ie
1Il1t>l. illform ,helll as 10 the methoo:l of reeon-
Iloitering and the number of plnne;! to be IIsed. etc.
b. ..IiI' Squadron
11,e !!lJlIadron commalldel ittfortll night
captaillS of long flight and he
pro,-idelhe followlllg ltlfOnnnll011 for eath !;<lrl,C.
Number of planel! t.o be used, KjuipmCIlt. flight
lime of Ihe ;;onie. mClhoo:l ''t'C?n-
l\ai!lSllnce, poinl of control with supportltlg "'\lIS,
methods of collllllunicalion, etc.
When deciding UPOll the prepat1l1ions and the
numbu of I'lallCll to panicipnle, th,; !!l\Uadroll
leader. On cach occasion, shaH gi'e due <:onsidera_
liol\ 10 chllngl'S ill the battle silunli,.,\I, '0 flight per.
so,u,el and to the oolldilioll of a\"Rilal>le plolll'S so
as 10 IIcliiere comple'e su,'\:ess itl fulfilling the
!!C)uadron duties. )[orrowr. when dCl'iding olllhe
number of plalll'l! to be S<!nl oul for l"lliher easy
flights care IllUSt be taken thlll "'luadrOIl's equill.
ment and of the plan6 am lllaJe suitable
for the llOrtie altd the tim6 of U!le. \rhen ,Iecid_
ing on Ihe tluml>er of plunl!:l fur daily OIJ6l'dtio'l.
the decision ,1",lIld 1J6 made after g;'iug thought
to ",lati'6 difficulty of lite lniS!;ion,
the condition of Ihe pe......nnd, I!(luipme'lt, elc.
,\Iol"OO"er, of the oe<:asion, f(lille of Ihe
plallea should 00 kel'l in rescn'e and care
RESTR.ICTED
100
JAP INTEL I!xiubit
" . ,.,ken thl'l lhere be no ObSlruetiotl ..
"" . . ..
,'it .. Oil ,)Ct,ISlOIlS...
"hell ujlQn lilt
I
. f .,.....onnH,SlSllnce,SlI>11IdecHI6Uflon..
I
ll'ocel 1116 m , f
. b' me methods. pilines, Itnl ormatiOh'
Slllt" ell, . II r ,"
c<:Ordtlllce with the oI>Jle!I\"e. le.lllea lltlilS'lbd
a ,'C 'Klillts fVl' I"\'COnn'"SSanCe altd f-'
till' . ...
]VWi,W the ltrt on l;() thlt be
.C bl' 10 l"t--l:el'c t he mOSt tunl!ly ltnd
1111'.'....," , ....
l'CI'0l"t. I I I '.1
'I"hell the 1>1\0 )\'Cn I ech.,ed on.the
I
. -ews should lxl ",fonned of the objfditt
I' .lIe Cl I ,
of th.' l"CColll",is""ncc t Ie I: ,ms uf the !iqllld.
,
'1,. insofllr "s II IS pOSl;lble, 1l11d also it is ,.m (>HoI' _
1.0 l'tililplete .Ihe Pl'CPIl,'a[IOnS of
bl' instrlleting tlwm III the gcn"l"Ill blttlle
li'(\Ho, Ihe contlithm of the enemy, wellther and
othrr neoclss,ll'.1' \Halters. .
Spl!ciul i".I,.IIt1iolIS be gwen fot' 101lgdiJ,
1''''<'6ltrld night l"l!<::Onn"ISSl,nce. .
The dillies which should I>e explaliled to till
CreW sholiid be mnde ns simple as p'N;ible althougb
ther lIlll,\" diff,,)" wilh th.e ,0bjC<.lli,e of
lluis.llllce, lhe retati'e dllll,,"lt.y of 'iccomphslillf
lhe missiOIl. nlld tlte t,'<.';hniCll! work of the member.!
of the crew.
Sped'll iniill'uctions gha II be gi'en for 10llg dis-
tlllle<.: l"CCorltlnissnllCe lInd night
und at tilll'os when 1\1'0 going into an am
where ellelll,\" (iglne('s !lrtl\lI;1.
\rhen it \\'ould be difliclill fOI the S\]uadt\'Ol
leader It) "",sl' the t ('lie ]lict lire 1>)' means of ()RI
eXllmple, it is
,
. I fill !;Ill') to l'el><.:at a reconnni>;Sltllee of t,e I,ea I
object. 01 when it is n,'(:essnr.l' 10 CIl1'1T out _-
t'lliSSIUI('C by mel hods "nd ditferent pl,Jlfto
at the Sallie' lime, "I 11'11<'11 it is to.
mine wl,ether conditions h",' dlltllged ,nth I
., . terlllltttlll
pas"nw of tnne-Ite shall ca'l'.\' Olll '"
.. bT' oft
l'CCIllllilliSSlIl'te dependillg Oil t!ltl Il I ,11CS .-1"1\3"
crew Hnd the 1'e1l1lil"e difficulty of aeo:omph"lI",
,
'. '11 " sll',l1 "I.
tIe Illisslon: 'lCS/! .. '0 !f(i!"
be H]l)lI'Oprll,tc to I!Ill e.xlSll1Ig eondlt!on-. dt!
O'-er. if denlltllds. tl", 51[Ulldroa
,
. .. .
l1lnsell.ltall go On lite Illission all( pc" ti"
ituportanL dllties, 01 hc shllil l<KIk OWl the ell,d-
"iCHu'e lllltl gi ''1 p,......... i"l. i!lst 1"let ions to t hI' .;qll
rOIl. .t II ....
\, 1 h'
\hellollnmission,the.sqltlldl'on ea II
I' grasp Oil the whol(l sitlll,tion and sha g
JAP INTEL Exhibil C
so tlt"t will be no hesitancy in
gj,'ing his onl"n; to the S(lllal.lroll at crucial
lnOrnellts.
Ort!CfI
\\'heu the 1:(1 u"d,o" l1111l1llItt"ler !l.>l'igns ,Iuties to
the 1l(1",,,I)"on tllclul.oe..... he shall ;&;ue lite IIppro_
priute o)'(lcr}l from H!ll(llil,'" I be fullowi,,!!" items;
situation, au)" sit""ti(Ill, llnd the !,lana
of the (.'Olll)l11",(ler.
I'I,,"S of t!tll !;(lllndrXl1I ("O",nlllntler.
Objcd i,'" which then-e\\' should at lain.
lIonldill
g
cJassira'"tioIlS /TX: order of ooard-
ing!J lIml plllll(l:;< to bI' used,
Methods of ClllTJ'injr Olll tlUtiCll.
Time of Illke.o{f, time of "rril',,1 al objccti,.e,
!,o;ntfl passed o"er nnd lime of ]lassing.
Uclat ions and cooperation wilh other sections of
the air fOl-ce.
lIelKlrts, tI iSl'lttches, ,"(,mlllunklll ions. etc.
I'lw!ofjruph!J
_\t times when otders lllXl giren for special pho.
togrlll'h;lIg of I' cel1"in I''''''' Or llllgt:'. the squad_
1"<>lIl"O"''''nll<lel. following the pi"" of the rej,.'l.Ilar
l'l'gilllelll tOll"nallder. and gi";njr oon,itlerlltiOnlO
lite condilions llnd Iltli,ity of 0"" Olin "nd enemy
tightet lInits, contli t ;011 of "Ill ia irtra fll;''C. clilllate.
WI'"lltlll", etc shllil (Ill Ihe lime for
pholo/,,,'u phy and shall mIl ke t I,c It;;Sij!lllllel\l s 1lO as
10 "c<.:olllplish \11() mission in the shortest IKISoil>Ie
time.
\\'hen the SfJuad'"01i conllnlt"der is to hn,-e pho<.o-
j!l"l'hi"g done of special al-ea or lHrj..<{>ts, he shall
i&;ue the o,"(lerso" t he uJl]>I'OJlri"te
of the following
Area for I'hoto<..,,allh.,; that is.lhe
priueil'llllKlinls anti theorde,of photographing.
Rules of Pholog,.,.!'hy: Scale (tei,haku); (ill
ell"'.! of oblique altilude at which
photogmph is !;lkell. llrlgle "nd diret:lion); kind of
C'UBe", to 00 nsed: ,'erlical und horizontal
time of photogrnllhing; kind of film, etc.
3. 1>lf:eJligalioll of Flight Sitflatio"
UllOli irwest;b,,-'tillg the.,illlation of ellemy
it is ne<.:eS$nry to elTecl I';.';pedally S).temntlc
i>11''''lij,.''lltiollS 'lIot only I>y coucellt,nttiug Oil II.le
are" wherein Ihe eltem)"s 11IW.'IIC1' e.l.'p''Cted. 'll
'i,w of thei,' sp.. moLile H1o"ements, bllt al!lO
by il"Pst;guting "t j he SlIme lime lhe whole ran",,,,
107
concerned, or repeating t1-',
a/o:'ll.in><t lhe .mem, in a crruib .... ; it.
'" Prahli'll.\' attain the oIIjectiw
deatorillg 10 ... tlH'D1y'a
. h _tial 10 PIVPRIJ
tt/llt' "f COI>IWltittidf., <'Ic.. lll)" to
.I,k-to .he tal'J.:et"r t..... air""'rIMobifeti...
our I,lan ill e<>ml,k-lfo lIO'!('n'l'y .lind tUDw
illlo con,ider.tio" ..-eatl,tr. actlvitieol of _,
di'llO>it iOll of t hI' ""I'my .irfield. situation
or n"lar. lookotl!, ami air rldCU>oe O1'JllIlliution,
tOI"'J!'l'lIph.\. e.".
The mol'\' limil/'(I lhe tllIrillJ!' ronlt., fOl'
l'l'I'ouIIHi__ aud th... 1Il"N' lim;led the a".. to
IJC in\"C"tij..'Bted. the tIIo,"" wonl"rhile it i. 10 carry
OUt in,e,.ti/?alio"" in force. l'opeeillJly in the.,..
when aerial ,U!ll'l'ma0' combat .lor.; nOl t!e,-elop ...
e.tllOCted. This i, lhl' 1't1I""fI ..-h, e.en ('fort
l;hould Le made "';Ih QI'OlIg ...ill proPer di&-
p(lolitioll in OnJ('r 10 ""Olin
a. o{ EIWIl'y _lrroJro""'''''rio, to
.-It/.uh "1/ Ai, Unit,
In noeonnoilering an aerodrouM' l>efol'l1' al.
lalkillj! il. il .... ry 10 b<:.'t'nai" .he tn......
mUllLer. di-J>O'itioll. a",1 activitr of lhe
a"r;al Ilefen", fmoilil;.." ..-eather coudit iVII.>. and ""
OIl of Ihe It is of tbe utmo:;<. impor_
tanee Ihat OUr 1,Iaus ,..(,O\,ld tlot be di><:IOo1I'd prior 10
Ihe Illlaek either I>y Iheooe l"t'OOIIt..i_..... aeti"ilie-
VI' COtllmuuira';on_.
L. ",<'Wlfl/Ji,-'IIfli'<' o{ &t-rYt
III reeo"noitering _ra airfields. il is neee;,a,l)
to ,.,ize the iw. lakin!! of fnor.
able ol'IKlnultiti"" and nrr....iog out ootltinut)lls
n'lrollllai_lIfe of -a'IM'CI..,J h"cauc'l! of
(If ... plane th.. di .......tion
from which planes I""n' and retunl.gene",1 WI>og_
".phl. tiM' ()f communicallon. llA...ork.
t;'OWtlll'nl of 11'II1l'jKln whirie-..\1;0 ClIlI'l1'
be laken to lailthe en.. at tlus
10 reconllOill'r Ihp pl.toeS ..-here IlM'y laud.nd to
O\l! .erial N'l'(ltIlUli,,,,,tl<.:f' of su.lM'et....1
e. ..""Cf: (,{ /:'ntrnl/ .Iil' FfJl'('t, in th"
Rtlll'
In r'CC(>nnoitering "nAil)" air fl)rt"C$ ill rcar
it is C.>'-"Clltial 10 lllaimain O'er Ktr
Ii..ld,. while eilh"r Olll l'CllCIIt,'<! a"d
lemal ie ....,., a"..",.1 ....1of
beillg 1Ise<1 b)' him. Or ,rrifyillg Ihelr locatlOtl. It
RESTlUC1"ID
RESTRJCrED
to ft"O'rl"in thll location of enen')'
pl'Ule.! bS ,'oring lIt this I inu! 10 disco,cr par
tieularl,y aimelds which I hll enemy b.s ro,lCftlled.
d. of tlot Slu/u_ of Rt.to."ti<>t\ of
t:lltlllY Strt"!lt!o
In T1!<:Onnoitering th" of ""'lor",iotl.or
e""fil)" air it e--enlial 10 ,,,like ,.-.de
of ami to Inake .ueh dis
IXliSiliQll$lhal the hme and mel hods of onr recon
nai*",uC1! a1l' It is necesAry 10
a..-.:eMain al lhis lime Ihe "'aIUS of l'l'pair\l 10 air
fields. of in number and kind of pla/ll'i!
(paMicularh ,,-hether or nO! there are new models
of plalle;;). Ihe collecting of .... rious kinds of
materia!!!, the S(renglhening of iliSlanltiot1$, aoo
of activilies of air defen!!e fOO'e$.
e. of XigA/ .li"""/d"
In I'ft'OIInoitering nighl airfields il
10 a..-crcruin whedler or nO! II",re an' ellll'n,' air
It fields and endN.or 10 perKl!'i\'"e
I he indi<:at ions oft heir I..""fer. For t1JeSe reasons
il ;,; 10 !lUil Ihe lime of
particularly 10 Ihe objectin.
f. RU<Hltlaw...1Ia! of/1tJtP"C'!f1io"
O,./""""t .lttod:
'IDe !lQ.uadron commaooer ..-ill Ihe
_llIials corn:erning ilel1l\l lil;led below for
inle"""p'ion or pursuit in aooordanao wilh
the plan of dIe air di,ision commander. and will
1_OIl tlli, a well U Ibe ime"""lllioll Ind pursuit
auack plan!! of force to the f(on:es under
air command:
The _nlills of Ibe reconnaiSlncc Ind IlItml
limi ... of each ClIUI."
The _ntill!! of the COOIll:'nlion of tach lir
brigade.
11,e _ntials of the COlleclion Ind trans'ni!liion
of inlelligl!:nce.
The of the degrea of pl'I'llIralion Ind
dutie!!.
Ar",ugl!:IUl'nlll for signaill.
All other ilems of importance.
I tl the CIti6 of I'nl'm)' Ihe ii<IUadro" com_
",ander "'ill imtnl'lliately Jllltllue Ihe "'ai" e"em)'
and he ..-ill hn'e ..... n"e C1Irried OUt
of Ihe field to ,,hich the ene",y to reo
lUfll 10 dlri')' the coudilion of the re.
lurn. The l'rooottle limilll of reconu.iSll
auce
will
be "II orde>'t'<l by lhe "ir division commander.
RESTRICTED
JAP INTEL E"h1btt c
4. RuollI/Qissalt(e of umd Conditions
In lite recou""i ..."",\", of hind conditiollil it
e#'ntinl to h.'e tlte li,tlll or tlunck, ilIacI' and
ro -lit Ihe condition of Ihe the adjlcent
:ol;;t11l'h,.. the of AA instlllatioul, Ihe
WI':llhl'r situation. 1'11'. 'Illd to ha"e dO/;(' Illi
llOll
..-ilh the aHacking force.
\\nen tfll'Olltwilerillg" lin \'ncm)"
fofl."\". disro..er,. eslenlilll, .and fitting Ihf,
lime. Illace. and orders for attack wllh Ihe ad.
jllccnl and Ihe welliher 's
In rKOnnoitermg an,. t_'I>6 of COllllnume..tiOll
line. troop in ,oo,emellt or IIgenci:s of traOSllOr.
laliOlI. if a fil time and llillce for ulten:"'l'liou Ill"
allack should be dctennined. il is ab&olllld,. nf(f,O,
san' 10 u,;e ClIutton in lhe method of IUlCk.
\\nen cooperating in Ihe opl!flItioTlll of an air.
borne raiding paMy, it ill cuSIOInary 10 Ill:'rfona
Ihe following dnties:
Unile preparing for lhe ,>un'e}' 1M
llCt'UlllllCy of the I.tge'. jumping and laRdi",
area". colllliliou of the e'lem}', esllO:'Cially lir
AA equipment, 10pogflllJh)', weathtr con.
dilions., ell'.
While openling in the ellf,'''gemenl, rf!COIInoiter
the situation and ,,ealher condiliOll.o.l im.
mediatel)' beforeh.and lind. 011 occasion, lei ti
guides for the raiding IlIIrt).
.\fter Ihe jump and the landing, sune,' 1M
jUlllp sitnalion and reconnoiler the enCm)"b local
1ook000t Ilreeall1iOlllland Ihe aeli,it}" of nlffhl
nized (OrftS in the targel area, etc.
During the return of the firs! seetion of lhe
raiding IlIrt)" and during theacth'ily of Ihesecond
Illd !;Ilbseqnent lIOCtiOll5, $ul\"ey the weatl"," and
the stltus of enet'll)" planes in the operaling areas
of those forces.
5. ReromlQissQ/ue of Lmdiflg Poin's alld
SII,.fat:t! Targels
In the reconnaissllnce of poinl$ it. ;1
llsl.lallo 0" photogrllphs, not oul). (or la,ultng
I'0mtll on the COIISI but "Iso" hcn ro"side";ug tn
gagellletl\f! nf'el' tire lnndi,,/.:. Jt is ulso "cc<_":
10 Sunlll' such Ihing!:! us lhe width "luI couto,m
of the landing point, espedllll}' wl",tlter or ,WI
to..... , I .. . 'b,It
. ,_grap I)" lS slllt"l>le fOIl"O"el, ,,,,tl the t
t,1'!! for a COttllllu"ientioll net. At this t"n6 th
".
JAP INTEL Ezhibil C
oo.><"I,iol1 lind meth(Mls for lhe
should 00 formuillted.
S;'CI"C'C}' of pi",,!! 00 maintainoo and becaUll('
of if more lhan one /light is n.'<Juired, il is es.
;,I'II1iai to complete lhe contnct 'Ifter a lapse of a
fewdapl.
of f.'l'I>eral recolll1aiSSlltlce of slfTfIll'e
or u:tensi\"e rand area;; like inlo coll$id.
I'ntion lhe purpoose of Ihe recoll".iS81ncc, lhe t)"pe
of lllrj;:Cl, the wcalher. the formalion of lhe coasl.
line, the l>osition of airslrips. etc. I.,
1,lallS Ihoroughl)' with reference to lhe aPlllieable
itemOl among the following poin... and Illocate
personnel on the basis of dlClll:
Reconnaissance limits a"d occa."iOl'.
Recorlllaissance method.,;. ahitude Ind ltUlllbo:-r
of plallf!!!.
IlMic poinlll of the fllOOIIna.isNnce.
lililizatioll of all fundamenl.ls of na''galioll.
Essellliats of operalion after Urge! disoo,erJ.
".rious point.. relalC'<! to n...igational aids.
In tile !leI_on of the method of reoonna;""',)(O<I"
of liurflCt! I.rget or exlensi,'e land con:;ider
lhe Ifpe of targel. lhe .. ti,e fonnalion
of the COflSllillf', Ihe position and Ilumber of Ihe
.. basic points. lhe wealher. elc. U.... pre.
nUlion liO lI11tlhere .re.no pps in Ihe rtoOOllnai,..
sance and ul"nd its scope b)' flcilil.ling Ill.iga.
lion.
In the reconnai;;$llnce of surface t.rgetll or eJ:.
lensi"e lllnd .reas. oonsider the gelll:'ral situation
Ind Ihe degree of liglll or darkness. Pick.n op.-
portune hoor for IIII' reconnaissance. In lhe recon.
nai_nceof acti"e (i. e. mo,ing) targels.altenlion
to an)' Ind all mo,emellt ...ithiu lhe area is neoes.
-1")'. Becau5ie of litis, it is necessaf)' firs!. 10
10 jJerceil"!l the ion lIS 10 the ellem,s first anti
lut night patrols and judg<> rheir direction before
llnding.
When reconnoitering sllrface I r,. 10 10-
CIte theeltemy warships in the dnyt iml'. The ,\Cf'd
of sterec} in yom npproach. 'nore.
mer, IS ab$olUlcl\" essenlial SO liS not to dri"lIltint
of lhis, nlwa)'s insure liaison with
n'''ttllfl in fl'e II.,...a. B, ,-e'ldying shadowiltg
pIQues as l"eqlti'"I'(1 yOlt will lose 110 Opp(lI"lunily.
11""11 tl'lief planC!l ;n the lIir, 01 cnleult.tll lito I'ne.
?"J'a position for tlte following dllwn oJ' deternlilt-
",,, hill I
Ill" cou'-se. nil( sp..ed nt Sltnsct. or 11,uISfel' lh..
IlldOwing to a tl'lilled a,r foree.
109
In lhe of ....._
M.ndpoint of rear romDlUPMwt_ ...
litie.J (mililary) it ......
OIlIlOiler in.... II.tiOCll .. ...uro.d
... iJrotld and., rommQpialtipel
iUlportaul eOllmnmicatiol! poima.
IlI!CIinfl: .nd and maD
ing N.bli,hmellU<. alld all OIner weak poinu
10 auaek. .\11 of til_should be ronsidPnd ip
ll"CIion ...ilh Ihe ;,I..lf> of llll:' cnemy .ir arm
dIe or 'lOlJe][i,lellce of pw-.
.nd ;,talUS of ."'.\ inSiallal.iObll
"ellher conditioll_.... T.ke care 1i1l1 all of Ib
conlrilJ\.ue 10 tbe lime of and to lhe <lecWi
011 nlCthods,
In lhe ree(ln'LI; 1')(0<1" of S1fl1tegie area!:! ....
.re distalll. Illf' '<iuadroll leader .... ill make lhe
II e:peci.lI) .nd. t.king Ihe wellher
Mlion into COIl"ideflllioll....iIl dl'Cid,e lhe lime a
openlion of Ihe reroon.issal\Ct'.
7. The Esse,,/;'/s of '"telJigetKe Reports
Squ.dron leader< "'iIl l'JIamine illlelligel>C'f' I
I>or\.s immedi.lel" "llOll rea'ip' tI>ereof and. Jo.,i
no ,,ill reponand ptiSlhem 011 tot.
irl1ere;,lC'<! colllllllnder. In Ihe cnminalion of i
fl>POns. til(' Klnadroll oomnLlnder ...
take into coll"ideflltlOn the ()I'(>aSion and melh,
of .nd ,,iIl judge on the ,..Iidi!
and worth (of Ihe TellOrt. lie will $tIKI. .lId co
pare 0111 and ne" intelligence dala and make ce
lain of Ihe of the illlcllig<>ncc. On tl
oe<:a>;;OIlS when Ihe exp'><'Il,,1 objecth'e cannot I
met through II hand. it is essoentialt
Ith'JIl1'1 10 the real situation b\" means I
funh.r .
In "ueh liS baHle re>ults lin
of rtl'-'OtlI'aissanoc of ellcm., "ir .. l
lhinf.'lI which arte.......ntilllto balllebtraleg.\ illlm,
dialcly will be reporlOO ill suecesi>io
witltollt w"iting to complete 1I11 exa,"inalion 0
make 'I fnll ""porL Muke 'I colllplete report 0
this lind 8118ch it to int<:lligellee gathered o"er
lll'dod of time.
the f'lel that r<:llOrts and ar
",ade from plnnes. inunedi"tel)" upon lllnding ,
____________R...IIlT.D..
1,.
,
3

,
,
"
IlESTRICI'ED
I.,; .... 10 a"C<"rt8i" lh6 IOCllioll of cllenl)"
1,laniS "I ,his lillle to di:ll'O"cr par.
lkul.rl)" which the C'WIIl" hi, coIl<.'fJ<lINI,
d. lluonlltli.'iJI> S,al .... oj 01
f;""my .Jjt Stf'tlt914
lu """""lIoilerinl: the .I"tus of re>./Onl'ion of
enl'''U)' .,r .In'''!,lth. 11 ii to make ...ide
ne<::'OIm.i U<"e of .irlields I"d 10 ",.Ire slIl:h di,-
J1'O<'itiolls thaI Ihe till" .IId mctbods of our rKOII
.'" ull.ptemlli-t, is neillllry 10
1sc.l'Ili" at li",e Ihe "..111$ of rep.illllo lir-
1i@1<b, of in and kind of pll"""
(.-ni<:\llarh ,,'hether or IlO)( lhere In' ...... model;
of plautlI), lhe roil_iug of nrious kill<ls of
IIl1ler'Ir", tbe "'",ngtheuing of ilblailitions, Inti
of aclint.iell of .ir defense fon:es.
eo .. JttJiUflft 0/,rig4! .li-*/dA
In n'COOnoituing nighl lir&olds il is
to ",-"""nain ..-hether Or n<JI lhen' a", e'leI>l" air
foro:a- at 1"- fields a"d endenor 10
tbe i"dK'luOIUof their lral\>.fer. For tt- n'ti:lIlS
it i>l e!l!!e>lial to ,;oit tbe unlll! of n'COOnaistra
partinllarly 10 lhe objecti1"e.
f. lor t4t Pwt/'OU ol11tltruptw.
Ot PwTNit .1 tt.".
n... <qlladron """"nandu .. ill dtielTl\ine lbe
eMmi.15 ('(l(Jftrtling the ile".. li...N! belo.. for
intereeptiOfl or I>lu'suit Illack in acrordll"Ol'll! ..itb
Ibe 1,Ian of the air di1"iiion <:onlnllndtrnd lIrill
pa;;, on th' as ...el I I. lhe interef'l'tion .1>11 pursuit
.ttack pl.M of l'I'lalN! to the f_urtd..r
.ir COIIunand:
. 'J:'1e _uli.li of dill! '1eeonnaisa/Xe .lId patrol
hmn.. of Meh Chut.i.
_mi.1s of Ihe rooll'!'ration of eadt .ir
brigade.
'1oe of Ihe rolltdl6ll .nd lrall$rllise;i,.,u
of
of the degree of l'",paralion Ind
duues.
,\rrallgt':IIlenUl for lign.ls.
All other ilentll of import."ce.
III Ihe ealle of Ihe ti<Juadron eon
mander ....ill pUriue the III.i"
foree and he WIll .ha,e "'<:OlInli_nOl' carried OU'
of Ihe field 1.0 ...Iudl lhe UI>e<:led 10 reo
lun, I? d.r,f} the of Ihe enemy's
tun,. n,e prebllltle IImlls.of _oll"ai;tjRl'<:e will
be ordered by lhe .ir d"i.i,.,,, oom'''lnder.
RESTRICTED
JAP INTEL Edtlbll C
4. ReuJlln"iJSil/lu 0/ L6nd CoruJitio,u
In the of hlml ool1ditio,UI it
-""Iinl 10 hR'e Ihe lim" of Iltlllt"k, .n:
fil the ronditioll of tllr.,-et, the .lIjaeft>!
tOllogral'h}, the of AA IlIHIIIBtio
n
ll, tbe
weather etc.. 1",1 to) ha'e cloee lili
,..ilb Ihe .11.ekinlt foree. """
When re<'O,nnoilerin.g 'Ill e.llemy meehauiJe<i
foree. ""rly dl!1OO,ery 18 _ntlal, .nd fitting tbe
lime, I'll"".nd onlenl for .".ek >t1 wllh tlte ad.
j.""111 lopograph., .nd lhe "'''''lher is pnra"lOttnt
In _noitering any tn>e of rornmunicati";
Ii"", IrooP'S in U>OH'ment or IIgencie! of IransflOr.
t.lioo, if. fil til"e. Ind plare for inten,el>lion or
attack ..hOldd be detennillN1. it i5 abeolulelJ n_.
;;try 10 u;;e C1Iution in the. tnethooJ of .Uack.
When I'OOperaling in the 0l>enllion. of .11 ait_
bome raidillg party, il is 10 perfo..
the follo..-ing dUlies:
While l'l'I'.-ring for the enJ"..gernent II
""",upa""}' Ihe jumping .nd I.ndi"{
eond,t,OII of lhe enerny, especi.lly air
foroe. A..\ fIluilDeDt, tOI><>graphy, "'Mther ((In.
ditions, etc.
While openlting in the ellglt;@melll,n'oOOnnoiler
lhe ertem}'. situilion .nd ",ealher im.
beforehand .nd, On ocatsion, .ct u
gun"'" for the raiding I)lM}'.
. lhe jump Ind the l.nding, 5un'ey tl
Jump .>tuilion and reoonnoiler enemy's local
the .cti,il,. of mhl'
IUud fon:es ill the tlrget lrea, etc
During lhe ""urn of tloe fil'!l1 8eClion of 1M
raiding party and during the.rti ,il,. of Ihe l!fIIld
.1>11 SUbsequent !!ections, tit; "'ellther Ipd
lhe st.tllS of ene",,- plalll'll in tloe ol>eraling area!
of lhose fotee!!.
5, RetonnlliSlllllre 0/ Lmdillg Poilltllllld
Sur/lite T"rgels
In lite re<:onnai!!Slln<:e of 1.1ldiul1 l>oill18 il i,
rei., OIl phOlOgnlphs, not ollh. fot
l"'lh18 Oil lhe roast but .1..., ,,-hell co;,sidclillg tIl
l(1/{"mems her lite I""di IIg. 1t is .1110 Ile<:lolt"""
10 su'....e.\ such thillgs as the width snd contOIlr.!
ofthelan<lill' ,
I""llt. el!1>ec'nll,. wltethel 01 I >l'
10POgl1l"It,. i. ., b' . . .,.,.
SOl a e for oo'-e" nnd lhe 1"'81" >II
tlell fur a oolllnlllniclIlion nel. ' At this liml' lila
JAP INTEL bhibil C
oe<:lI.iotl 'lHd melhods for th8
5hollld be formuhtle<l.
&'\:11'<:)' of 1'1""s must be m.im.ined and beet_
of if more lh.n one Oight is it ia ee-
..elll ial to cOIllplete the COIllaet .Iler I.poe of a
few d",s.
E"",entillls of genenll re<:onllai.-,>Ce of
or I.nd ..... like illto Illlld.
erat ion IHlrllll<'.e of the re('Onn.issanoe, lhe lype
of lnll!el, the weather. lhe fOl1lll1iOll of the COI.5I_
lille, lhe. posilion of existiug .i""OI& ete. L.y
I,l.ns Ihoroughly with n'ferellOl' 10 lhe .pplica.bk
;lenlS .mong the follo..i"g point,; and alloo:ale
flight l>er!lOllnel on Ihe '-sis of Ihem:
limittl .nd oco:a.<ioo.
UecOIlll.ilIlaJlOl' melhoob .ltitude Ind numhtr
of pllne;\.
Uuk points of the
t;tiliUltion of.lI fundamenl. of nlripohtJIL
"--ntilL. of <>pft1Ition after ... <fuoronry,
\-ariollS!>oint> ""bINI 10 naripliooal .im..
In Ihe seleetOl' of the _bod of
of ""due or utensin land lrea.. .. C<IU!i<!er
tl>e IJI>e of I.rget, d>e topography. the fonllrllion
of lloe <.'OI.S1hr>f', Ille J"'SiliOll and I>WIlber of the
i.l.nd. bto-.>e points. the ..-toIther. w:. U... .-..
l:I;U1iOl'5O IIlal lhen: Ill'e. 110 gsp!! in the
salKlll .nd extend its (Ill)pe bciltllU"I
lion.
In lhe reomnailllano:e of SUrfl"" or eJ
lellsi,.., 1.1>11 al'l'ti. oonsidu lbe !!W"",I ...t...tJon
.nd Ihe de@1"Hoflighl or dlrkne!l<. Pock an 0(>-
!>ortune hour for lloe ret'Ollllli_ooe. In the reron
n.i_neeof Ictin (i. e. morillg) 11rget.. aUerll>OII
10 .ny .nd all mo,..,mellL lIritrun In..
St.1').. BecI.UiOe of Ihi... it is .-ry lolry
10 the .iluation lI!l to 6rst and
IlSlllighl\}llrolnd judge lheir directlOfl before
1.llding. 10
When surface l.ri!"l. lry 10 .
ClI,e the ...""hip!! In the ime. 110e TlI'td
of lIlainlailling see"""} in your al'Proa.f: n'r;
o,.cr i. abllOluteh """",nlid5O as 110110 \.n\e ul>
, " __ 'I ,1,,- al\\-1V5 insul'O' \>II!IOn ...,th
away Dl"'o"I1 .'. d -

]> ,mei} '. lcolate Ihe tn',
IIn,e pllllle!! in Ihe air, orCll d .
f 11
., dRwn bv Menn"'-
"""I>O"itioll fonlle 0 ow,n . 1 ,I"
I t Orlnll",rr
iug his Cf>,""il!> ,,"1 ,
.ltndowillg 10 II relnted aIr force.
6. aft,
S",o;" ., ... (:._..
U-_ PoIiIiuI(.....,)
In tl ""-">IUl
of _. ...........
1>1ica.1 (nulillry) Upod.....,..lt. __101_
OllllOner _h iruc.llaI_ .. raiIftlI.d ....
radrua.d >t.t I........ ,.. ud., __n"__"
1I.lbliM,. ''''J>(If1am "'-111II:1II>00 ........ _
...... ,bjl,' .irfiol.l-. Ind !E"-1Dd_1tfww
in, ...ah!i..n-nto. ud aU other __poiII&a-,
10alIadL
"'>CIioIl ,,;,11 ll>e >Aale of IJ.. ....., IIr arm MOl
tbe U-lSI_ or _a....- of qt,-_ plaam. doe
IDd ".1.. of A-\ -..Jw-. ...
... eat'" Tab 1:1;", thai all of ...
roIIlnbute 10 tIw 1;-of and o.nd
011 tile -.boda.
In tJMo __of "'1..... _ .Ioicl
are dutlal. 1_;qaJn:- ..-ill.-b' tbe D-
I"" ...pecially .......' aad. Iabu,: lhe ..tlrot ....
...... iuto -'denolioa. ..-ill ........ <he Ii.- and
openou. of t'" _ ..
RESTRJCl'ED
.... pon "ill I,.. "hid, "ill bf' 01)'
R ."""nur)'.
1'10,'", i. i,nponont ... Iue i" .clllol
uf the pe"'OIIn.. 1. ."d for Ihi!
...... tht '"lu,,,I .....n ro"lmUlHltr "ill eli_IOItch ,he
' .... l'()un..1 '0 the ....1.lel! CQI",,;.ndtrc
10 circm''''t"n<'l'l>. .. h..n- 11"'1- CIOn "lllke a
,hrl'Ct ....IJorl. -
I" "niH 10 ua",i"t ",pOri tI...
""I"a<1 ....." romma"d"r "'ill ron_id"r ,he timt of lhe
..n<'t ."d Illt'lhotl of Ihe ob-
tamed N<"h ""I1l.dron. or ..-ill li.t..n 10 direct
""llOTt., of flight lJer-;onntl. Or ... ill enmiM aeri.1
.nd ...ill judl-oe lhoe degre.- of reli.-
he ..-ill roll""l .nd toIl'pare
tI, .nd lilt> mt..Jlic-..,.... of related pe"""'" and
il
The.....u__of
m....i<Ja 01 it ill I'IIIar w=
ried 011 aimult.--.,. k II
o,raiDIC dtl.,. in tnn-WMe .. :-C.. -V'
Sq.drun ......
milled imn..dialely.
4. I'IIIroJ,
Polro\,;. ,n tht- maill" aft .....
"'_'y .nd -hip" ..i1irlt aft ..... :i_IJ
In R1bu!J1 or 110.1;-' _era. ud _.-
"nit_ .n,1 hooal"y IMJIIlbtr unlu aft -"I ...-.
_,blf for lhom. Whrn _ ............ ocllIr
fOtft!llal..., joill m.
The -'luadTIID ... iD lhe os-
lire .juw_ioII "'" the tJf oluu.l
illltlhgtD<"l' ..""" ....rryn.. out paIn'"
t'lM'OIIy .trenfl ....L tbe .11I1...., ...t
(')OIr<ol' c,f the _YII""'" upo<"tfd. II.y - de-
t....i .... lia _1..10""" 1_, f the po.In"- .....
I_ially tbP 110"",1 I"....... aatl -........aadord
.Iull.... u_ of and 1;- anti f .....
IlOI1-.nd di 1_""""" pbJIt'o
...i.Il inlaind f -nnu. b.u-.
beI _ tho- &..IJ aDd IiIe paiN .,...... Ute .....
laled f_the def""..., f._.nd I ' pl-
.id fO'l"l!- Inf' .....I_ "bu.,nod f nlaro-d
f_... ......itable.- _\Dof
Ihtoe ........-ry ,. dte tarry.
"'" of pa, ......
I'.II'M .nU- _y ........,h aft dte ..- II
......... of....-f_ <arr"!'"
,,'"btu <hadu"iD$!' lit _y ',........Wrh -.
I".'>#n---.... it 1_ .....,,1. 10 hi-. and. --
,_..." _ru,.in I'" tJf u.. 1-
of ' ......r .....n 1'1...... 1"" .!t0lll! ... ilh II.. Iodine "f
i..s,..,lot-yI"" t-.
""rtllJ!1h ,_, and J'KiaU,. Ihr UPI ......
nf tI.. f"...... .\nd ""'...... 11 1"'rUn'
(If f'lC"lIM'-_ Re flll to br
,.nn ill the Uo<o1>1, ,.--......
""'I" l'.n..... 'lrirl pall'Ol.tun.l!' II...... OJ>-
.",11'\.01 I"" 1)O'o'tl<'ll .. 1.( ....r ""Ill,lane:
Whtll _1 1.,.. in!! all _1 f.,...., ", ......
Iftcr ,li ... n ,.b ..-. bi-i- 11... . COlI"""
."d .,.d jll.IFt Ill_ II"IIC'I_'.-d ,..... '1"...' .h....
.111>-<:' 01 ,in". 11 ,_ "_,,.110 ,.g""", ''',;"
A' ,IIi_ tI"... "1,,, '''': ehem)
""Ui""<' .".1 ;;1-1 ,.ree, ...I) Utl 0\1> '" """II
"'") R' "Ol 10 d,...1..... 0"''' _1..oo n'l; 1'1."".
1\ESTRlCTEO
"'
j. by1UJ4r
TIlt importlnt in gtntnl...... Ibt!llmt U
in _\..\ ob,e.....liOll.
Stard, rad.r if< rolldl>ctfd by !he .ir inlelli
regimenl _urily llII.uadroo.
The !lfJ.u.dron ((J(Ilprne..1ht bar-kbone
of die inttUigtnce tltt of lit<' .ir i",.. Ttfi-
"'t"l, .nd ..-hil.. il is re;;pon5ihle fur lbe 'lIlT..il.
I.IM."W! of enemy hy mta.Il!i of _reb
rad.r. il rooperate.; dirtelly in lbe of
the lir f01"C'l' ...ilh required ptr.;Olllltll5 lhe OI:C:I
trion df1nllllk When t_ry il 1fofI<b lbe .,r
,_.
Sureh r:odlr makes J'lO"'ibie Iht picki,,\! lip of
lIlt ...ItTO....ilh cert.inl ...I)!Tftt 05 .....11
as 11M! to hi. dirtClion .ntl d,,,uDo<t'.
AlSO) it is linle .ll'octed br ..-e.ther I'htnomena-
En.n Ihou!!" ,he..... re IlOi""" "f adn"llge be"""""
of df.d spaM!. fi"td retleo<tion. aPtl iniUllllml'ul,.
ff'f1eo<tion. 111tff' .re .reas ..-1M!re _reh is
.. or ditliCtllt. Do"'.ge'o lllt<'hanieal equip.
"'f111 ra;;ih- inflicted bS ..ntIll, .Itlcn )!Oft--
(" ...r, tlM'TI! is Ihe di9.d.... be;,,!! unoblt to
Ii:< .et:Dralely tit<' lli,u'" .ntI S1renglh,
fie.
AA "',.,.n...lim\, nd.r_rcl,
.bilil\' 10 1- "" i"lellij..... .. ,til
\llmOOI Fur Ihot reas<H'. wnn"."''''"'''
will 01'. ","I hod .".1 ..-ill r,trl"", _nmum
elllion liM;l'iOll RpI'l'Ol'rial.. to ,he COI,(liIKl'L- 01
atlnRI
it ,hilt ,,,, time be 10;.1. On thl"<K-<;.",,,n.
logdIwr ".;1 h ,he ul il'7.11,ion of elf<'tric ..-.a ,...... Ih"re
i! thc ability ,0 Jls,;,;; On "."11 ".t"lO>t
"IX""! loy l11ell"S of cxlT'ftor<hnory mtelhj.....nce
"1'll "b'l!l1lcnts.
JAY INTEL bhibil C
Rd.-nll'''j,'l', il is lll'l._r)' for. reli.blt t:lami"
lion to llfl m"de b)' thescllior air commander or lhe
fortf'.
When ",,*,"blillg intellig<lllct I.ken bv
AA oto;ernlioll .gt'llcie.; o,tT. cert.in Period of
time, c,m utilize the ...hich "-..
..at"e lM'rlsini"g to actirily.
In onlerlo pl.n thequiekdtl;'try of int..lligence
it ;" ntt:eS>lllrr to not prtCaulio" ...htn dep..ndi..,
01' liaison other ,h.n inlellib"tnct li.i!;on or IIltlh-
othtr IhAn roIlllllll"icaliOll imelligtnoee"d
,,'hfn u._ing Iheo;e. he ""rdul ..-hfn niplt
lM'riotl,; or p..riod".- of roInmunication quit!:.
JAP INTEL EdIlb6c t
l"'troI5, etc.. ll"d "II m'Ulner of i..-
,,,tial so thllt ,h_ CI,
- ....

When ellelll)" intelligence, dHIiCIII '
of idenlificallon Oil our 1''' n are USUR I R'HI ...... _til,
. , ..
"f 1 t he rnl.e$ \"tJllCt'rn ,ng act "" flyinJ.t &1,,1 idfD.
li/jetti"" by .,r force COl",,,,,ntlel'!l Ind Iltl""
,deltlifiCtl,ion of 1,lalltl! m".1 be Iitrictl.l' oo.nIt1td.
Illd i"for",.tiOl' on .11 )l\O"elllenUllllll,;t be ...::
on to rell,ed illl ..Uigt"lal agcneitll.
Btcou..'-e palrol, and .ir-borne "'-n.lion
C'On.
,,-, elllUII
guard ogail1Sl of IIM'm. :\lot'l'Onr, .....
;;Iriel .llent iOlllo t ht !M't:T'tC). of OIlr pllns. Illllll:
Ul'?" Ihe disco'ery of I.he .ireTllfl I!'.
;;pon;;lble f"r pcltrol Or aen.l obser,.tion ... ill '
lbe of .I_ific orde"", .1)llruaeh the en::,."
.nd aEftn.io dearl)" his .cti,'il)'. 1
2. M OhUrl,,/iOM
_\.\ ear'"!ed OUI b.)' nel",on of
systemalte obst.....I'on bu,1l on the lir illl.. Uigfta
imtlligeno:ot 9qu.dnlll, .nd oboltlTll'
.."" agencies for Illlion.1 defensend is per.
fonned Iotalty by .ir RC!or .nd .ir deftll!t
,-
. printi,,"1 melhod,; .re 1.1)' lookouls aud
!l;,t..lllng po;;!$.
.Idtntificol?' of ill in the ",.i" quilt
dlllicult, bm ]Indite it 'Iessary 10 infOlW
.\.-\ of .dhil)- b)' a"y air
In accordance ..ilh the rules for im..lligmct
dutIeS as delenllined h) lbe commlndtr
the <'Ith.... ha"d, because of the 1If!Cn!C)' of
,hIS passed 01' 10 lIlt Ill""t di;;tlllt ob-
""""'''on fXM$.
11"" :\.-\ ob;;en.liOll net chonltoN in
OIIeTllI.lUIlS, Io;;ing no OllllOrtunity. 1(1.',_
.nd Ire re,i;;ed 1lO 10 .....pond to
.".1" sltultion innnedi.teir. Op...... tio".J
,he" mu... be I k" ..
, . en llllo I"d It 1lt
_".t,.llo hsre fluid p"'l'"ntiollS.
It IS ",u,,1 for \ \ ,-__. .. ,
, , O"",,''''allun "ge"CIe! to lU ann
or "'lIOn II . .
bI " "" "'te q,,'ckl)' as J)(l<!l!oI.
e tu I 'e "lIe,"","\ ", '
,
en Ol" '" "ted .'IIl.
exeel'l or CI!!el I
lsile..! . - .... '''re Ihere orden, de-
is IIUl
. ,genre b)' AA obsl:!,,'-lItio" Rgl"
t'es 0 ten It . . '
f s" n,,, Ju,,,bJe of ,,,;ti"il)' .,r
Ort:es, "nd!lU, in ur,ler to ""'" this i"for",,,lioll tQ
"'
III. SURVElUA.'l"CE OF ENEMY
INTElliGENCE
I. IIfJrQ</uc-tio"
RE$TRlcrliD
TIlt> .im of of enml\" int..lIi-
i_ lbe su.... 0111 f1lftn)
..ilb ulili.ung lhe re;;uhs of
....try and "'1_iall,. Ihe .ir to II...
be;<t. ....... can Ih.. of re
eon'!.l._no:e .nd TI _rehi"g OUI
In: ;;aku. ,...... deru] vf tllot1ll, 1IKl1"t"-
menu.' II... for tit<' ill"..ili..""" of
enemy u;.e of ..Ieo:tric ....ming
dencea.
:"u.... of ..,ltn'r int..llig.. deptflds OIl
.\..\ ob;;tn...llOO. _reh by ndor.llO,rulsc..nd .ir_
borne ol-n...lioll. tie. .\.\ ill en.
I"bled 10 tllt .ir illl..llill"'1('t regimelll oboen.-
"OIl nd to Ih.. lir Ht:lor Search
b)' rauar , ,,"tl"llJ;led 10 illielligtnoee regiment
_ n-h ndar .oquadroll. 1'.troI5.re ui,-idtd illiO
.'r .rea, or _ ."d hl'e Ihe mtan.
"'II of Iook"'g (11'1- for the "1)lleIranCO! of .ir.
erafl or ,_Ill.
:\ irbon't iOll is ptillcip.ll)" earried "Ul
,,'t,r e"..mt .,melda .nd is the de;;il:".I;m, "f
.cl'ou ..-Illrh .".......}'$ Ihe ntO,tln"llt" of ene",'
pl.net! a"d the '
_ "e.,r
rert)"".' ...... 'lCe ,"<I".dn)l\ lK>mber OO\""'.,,,l.
i" th.. of """"'y illlelligN i'
al.,,(,lu!<I} ..ry to Ihe ,""
., . "".-It'n
,\.\ "'..... r'."ol1. I I
"""" 'Y""",.

,
,
,
..
,
RESTRICTED
Cousider as the weather conditions of
I.'SI>e<:iall)' t he <if I'isibilit,\' the
dll"",oon ..",1 heil;ht or the rOllr OP"'I'"
tiollal li",ib. It is \.'S>'('utial to sha,iow from"
s.rest and 1\ hil;h altillule. This is ('Spe
m1l1011"nt "gail'SI 'u, ene",y force
which is using plo"e$.
5. Airborne Obser"lItiorJ
O,'nel1lll'>iilent iols ,,,.., ,ome as in l'"rugrol'h
.J (alx,,"e).
In oroer to ean., <l1It .....ri"1 oh""r","ion, the
ronnai""ance unit connuOllder must oollsider the
puqlOO<l in"oh'ed and ,,m tlsuolh' indieate the air.
10 be slI1'\"eyl.'d, nlld eithel:the time or time
llenod for Ihe l"OC<>nnaisson<:l!, and will lelll'e the
"ece$SOry squad,..,n ehorS""l with the resp<msibilit)',
In eases where airfields are to be he
mUSt the obj""t <of Ihe
tl.,e. of the of tight"r I'lan(OS in the
of the air6eld liS weHas thll genet1t1 silli'
at'on of theene",,'. And it is _"liat for him to
d.eeide "pOll the target, thll t>SSC"ti"ls of the opel'll'
110n, lite time and method of reporting, and
rellOrtS.
IV. WEATHER
I. /mrodlJuioll
There is a "err cl<lSe relation betw""" Ihe
,,:eather and the ami"ities of "etiailla"igtltion "nd
air forces., thi.s, taking ad"antoge of III od"all'
tageous Sltutlon, IS the foundatio" for Ihe disl'la)'
of Ihe strength of air forces.
, For t!,iJl "'ason. commanders. and mor" espe.
clal!]' air force oolllmanders, will be oo'"plctely
as far is ""'''eern....!. a'ul ther
wdllllsure liaIson with wellther lI11its wltich
are located "'. Weather \mits will
"?,,,perate IlOS", "ely wall !lIT fotel!tj so that 110 .
SIble will 00 1\lSt. llOS
It is that air f"rees ,,",1 r,I-I-", I
. 00 . ,,'.... "cat 'er
""'tIl and the spooial charnCleristies
of the weather III ",""neral III Ih"operatio"al be
cleu bnsed on stlld)' of
llSllCll. "'cather illform"tioll should be
aS8l:'mblfld III order to can}' om 1IIIln,,-'
.- (d ' ) ""
ut""", and"" lhat no oPportunit" 'III
ffil-.i. "I III
In utiliZing weather intelli"ence,' 1
d .'" It nl'C6 oom
man el"ll must cons,der the statlls of 'heir
RESTRICTED
))2
}AP INTEL E_L'L'
....'Ull C
with its dllties a, a foundatioll , n',,1 jUllge
""'Iltlter aCCtJrdingly. &'c""se of tltis he the
I
.. 'hlliot
'''''''ey tlte we,ll Iter con< II Ions III the "icillil)'
,he oh,'eeti,'e lIS well lIS "long the ucce.;,,;at.y .1
, I I tOllte
ill ordl']' to corTI' out" ""1\, t follows tlt"t
'. I'bd e"cn
ill ea><'S ",ltel1l lhe wellt lei' IS " he CllII tllm to
a,h"u,tll"''1l a good fore<:ast of Chllllb"" 01' 1156 ad".'I.
the locnl went her.
III estimlltes of llir fOrCIl corum, d
" n ell;
yun add 10 the Judgnlllllt of weather
your OWII dutIes, !he ene",y situatinll,
C<llU!ltlOll of forces Ilnde., you]' cOI,mnanl!, ele.. fn,
thcre '" a difference III forecllst!! hI'
"'eat her "b'Cncles.
. ,.\ir foro:s Ilef'lherC<lll'
dUlong wh,le operat"'g unless Ihelll 111'0 spec'.1
otllers, aud will pass wcalher Inforlllallon on tn
fOl'CeS.
2, 117ell/her DII/iu
Coneel'ning wcather duties, see lhe
Tmillillg .\lallnal. ill "ddition to this se<:tion. r
The essential;; of "'ealhel' dillies al'e the "sse '
bli"g and putting in order' of d"tn OU the
weather conditious in the de:,i"l'd a"ell in IlS sho"
a time as possible, depending On aeen""te weather
and llC(;urale lInd rapid ''ilporting.
1.he results of unintel'I'upt...:1 sludy and oboona.
!lon o"er a long period are best. AClual weather
.for""".ts .o"er II loug period a,-e {l g',-eat assistance
,n operations to seniQr ni,' COlllllll",ders and w, nil
beh.alf or the nir forces, offer weather informa,inll
whleh is conerele, aCCurate ""d n,;ee""arr so th.t
the fighting strenb".h Can he I11I,nifest' withollt
hindrnnce,
_ Weal her duties col15i51. of olosen'ation forocast.
lIl" " ,
.;, examlllBtlon nnd ''ilJlOrting "Illl Ihe plltJXliSt
or these.dllties is 10 do thcm in such n way alld at
tllne (lS to mllke po",,;],lc the util;7,"tioll of
thelt resll!!s hy Ill! fOI'l;e!I
'l1,e essemillls of Ire ti,e
":el1.ti,,,ed O!.>s<-nntion of wcuther in lhe "1'1""
aIT O\'er the snrf"ee lind the ml'id
pUI t"". ililo " ' , I
I
.. one> olld "nllounl''''1; the res"t
I lereof.
J II' '
I
"
{} lIlfnrmatlo' d
I
'. Il 011 vaned t\'pes of weather, all
'n"ln, Its CO d' , '
I n ItlOllS and mOl'eme"ls made cl""r,
Bn( the nccurate lind timely ,'"d,ing of
"'enther 8COO...
"ling to lhe vntious Irpes. The es-
}AP JNTEL Exhibit C
"",Ilials of e:ll\mintltion are Ihe,colioctioll of.dllla
IIll'lleS of weather, and wlll1 these .;lnhshes
on a '"d to "tl\SI' lhe specilll ehatncteristiC$ of
w Pl ,,,, '
I
weathet Judge the "arlous tn>ell.
tIe '1'1' I
'fhe I'$Selltials of ''''llOrtlllg to e>tau 1 a
lllmlluic"tioll chain with each force alld to enrr)'
eol thllllccurate IIlHI rapid pllssiull on of illforma-
as well as to conduct the transmission of time
and weather 1'illlOl1.s and at the proller
time
In ,,-,sembling wellther illtelligellC6, be>ides de.
pending Oil weather o!Jse,,:ulion, weather
of adjacent wellth('I' Ilge'16l<lS, wealhe.r teCOlHlalr:
5<",ce and "p" t'ellOrts, etc., KllS('mble II b}' e::tallll'
lIation and \I'tilizlltion of wellther Stali.lies. For
this rellson, besides l'ill)'illg Oil weather
(weather lIuits ,,,,d special weather nnd
air intelligence forces, if thll oceasioll demands,
IIll,'e the welltlter sitnalinn o,'er tin, elleln)' nrea
sun'e)'",1 by I-el:Onll"i,..;HIlee IInil., Ass<',nhle and
put in c"r''illlt weather bY,the
I\ir fon'l.'S ,,"d rut it to ptaclIe,,1 """. It " e"",n
tial to Pllt weal her (l"ta of the clwmy Ill'illl to
praclical use, and with a chali of Ihe actuel
weather ,i1\,ati"" "t the lime "f ad",,"ee "nd Il
'UI'I'C.\' of thc oon<lilion ill the enem)' .,.",a n5 a
b"si", judge the iUIl l'a''ef"lIy ,,"d br earefnl
1I0t I0 he d....."i,1.'d the enelll)". . .
"'e"ther inlelligen", i. t .... Il'IIl1UI.'d by
weat her I1lI'0rlS Or weolher ehu,1s "n<l I\'e"ther
elmrts of p"rlieula" areas. "'''''Iher al1l
di"ided inl<> reportS of 8Gt,,,tl weather colll!lIIons
and weather fOl'eCllstil, JkllO"1il of actual weather
conditions a,'" di,'id"d into of. the
Sillll,1 ion in " paliklllar pIa"" nl a om6,
and ('('llO,1S of eonditions in b",nernl-of nit. e".r
rClllS, the UI'I",r tIir, ""vigtllion, elc.-tO a,d \II
making plans. .. .
Gelle,,,,1 weat her 11I'C dl\"lded mlO Hashes
aIHI "",,"plele I'CI",rls aeCONling to lile of
nsc, olld inl.<> o""rlalld alld aeeordmg 10
They nssist in the Judgl1lg of ....ealher
nnd in IhecolI.lrucliOll of wClilher churts.
Na'.ij.....tional weather ".re frequenl
1I11shes of aclllal wl'atlwr oo",l1tlons 11l the 11"";'"
!!III')' al"'" amI l'rim;il,"11.l' they '/Ire helpful to t Ie
a('ll"lties of nir fOI'l;l'S- .
Ue IOrt" of weather m the "pper
I I "1'Tl'.$!!\U.... tht tem
stratulll 1.... I)(Jr\ the ll!1lI11>1' ,er
pe",t"re (atmospheric) lind the le"'1K'l1llnl'l',ele.,
and reports of Ih. ('OIlditioD of....a.:
t<'IJOM Ihe wind di/'lldion and speed
partiClllu altitmll'ti. 8eaideil beillf"
to the aclilO"" of HiI' fo/'Cf8, 0- repoltllan
Cillllj' helpful ill judging the w..ther
Weather fot<!C""ts are dividNi according to
lellgth of
(olle dal' flOr e.1ll"'ple), Or longterm J
(se"er"l days) and ,.-atnillll foreo:til&
In 61"1,1-tcrm need. fro", a stntIIiB
IlOi"t or "iew mllst he considered, and lI>IuaUy the
aTl'& relJuired is w"idfld illl.O al'propriue limitll.
llellOrt d .... r1l' i" accordallce ",ith the appropri_
llemsofthefollowing and ,,-ilh a ,'iewlosub8&-
quem challj.'l!S: WcallK'r. telllilernture, wi",..pIlfd.
I'isibilit,-, f"f{.. rain, el(octrie .1"mlS, dlllt,
d".t Slorms, icing. ete., at the suitable lime, as
morning. aftetnoon, e"elling, (.nd ""'njng di,'idfd
into 1')1 alld _UI) d....", du.k. ete.
In lo"g.tenn forecasts ill the foregoinlt'
'/I"d jml",,,, the gelleral trend of ,,....thtr
(or eacb of the lle"et1ll d".1'''' '/lud where IlOSlble,
judge Ihe changes for that ",,,,,k.
In eI.8eS where \"00 mu.l judge lhe origin of
phenomeua wbicb i,a'..... n inll"'M"m i"llu.n"" on
.lrntegic "lletlltinlls. such b ", ..II'>'. sno'"
ri"er f1{){}(b. f""",inll of I,lalll'>'. de""" fog. eloctrlc
d""l, ""d the like, send out "'at1lill/r' 10
""et)' unil in ample time. In "'....ther
plan .pe....1alld simplicity in ...nb
a of code &S tile hosts. COllSlder enem)"
imercept and clUlIlge Ihe code in USO' frOlllllnle,t.o
lime and de"i"" arr&IlS"''''''''ts "'h,eh WIll d""""e
Ihe enem)'.
Time dispaleh..... ...... to a
6xed method gi ..iug correct tim.. al tu...lnlle,,'al;;
each da...
Wenlher dutil"; a IIIe of re-
quired ,md .... '1abli,h 1 Aj.:,,,,ie- I,.,,;ide
as air un,IS. nlr foroes and
"'ealher u"it$ undu Ihe e<>ntrol of th.. me
air eommander. TIt<: g>'lleral 'lI'Il'I' of " lber
IIn;ts i! deeided by lhe sup....me air lorce com
mauder, lakillg into eonsideration ,;eIllP .nd
liaison of adja"ul "'Hlher "gencI."'" III
,..here the location of """,ther .ge'ICles of ,'anous
"'eather nnil;; Ihesnme a" an "irl\ehl. il I;;
lisl thai Ihe senior oOk...r 11.......,"1 {'()rrelal1l'll:
weather dUl il'lj b)' ('(lOrdin"tin):: Ihe vanonS ,,'ealher
agencies nS OCCllsion demlnds.
RESTRICrEO
3. 11''''ellther Reconnlliwmce (He<ttlql/llrters
Regl//lltkms)
Air fol"OO ,""kll " .w,h of Ihe
wh'ch for'
"".Beb. ,,"<1 for this .lilll.\' l",,,d,!ll,,r"''''' ......,,11
"",'''''''-",-'' pl"lIe:; "''ll often It''''''l. On theso OCCa'
,io'."."'t i< nee.....",r)" 10 m"keup uwth",!. which \l'lll
f"<"lillate the prog]"{'''' of the .... nce
lind 10 ell."re Ii.,,,.,,,.
.\$ f...r 1....... "O""ai._"",.., IIf we"t her oond'l;ollS 00'
fo,.., e>orrYlll:;l" Out an a,r ,utack. "n '"H!l'l".,,,,,d'ng
of prob"bl... ch"nb"'S based Ot\ the Ctll'rNlI weathN'
is I'S:i<'nt'al. Fur th,s ,..,a.>oll. with"
J",ll,rmem ...f the went her ,n b"'lIeral a." b..;;i". 1'011
.holiid d"ler""ne tl,e COII'">t) of N'Co,,"aiiNlllce
,!,e poi",,,, vf. i"'port""ee u fill' lIS Ihe ,,1-
lJ!Ude, till' tlllle of ''''!I<J'iin:;l" lIlId thll e,.."""li"k
.\ccol'\ling towudili(ltls at this pI""",!
should be ""'Ill Ollt in all directions.
. Itll'\"C\)nllaiJ;lSallce of we,,'herc-onllitlollsat nighL
hs Ihe poillt$ to be .sean:h...d "nd m"k...
d ...,or th... w..."therwnllitiolls at th...., I)(IIlIt<. It is
011 sueh OCCllSIOIlS 10 thorollghlS .tudy
>lIel1 Ihlllb's "S Ihe 51>i81 ellarRcteristics of the
wcalher nnd Ihe Wlllollr of Ille 1,11,,1 .11'.
V. ESPIONAGE AND COUNTER.
ESPIONAGE
J. The Purpose of &piollage lind Agellcies
Chllrged With Respo"sibilities
E"en though 5)""te",ntic ab"'l\cib of n
nre ll511RII)" N!lied 1I1)(ln for l'Spioll.ged"t ies.
o.:n:e. ,,1;;0. ,,11011 1,1 e"),a"'1 "II ub"iolls Illel huds
III 6("1.IIIg U!'I)(Irlunity "lid should dt> their
11I11'0>1 tu n)ulI-.. '"telli/-...."t'" .I.ta. 011 lH.-half of
air besides "",peei"lh' of tl
m.....eme"t> 01 enen,, nit fOree;l '", ..c. " ,
Ir
now th... "lAtus (If air ....t"bli,hme'lts a"d Iheit
r..-ncs &8 '-"ell 'tatus,of Ihe ('ne,"y's re"r
et8nlll"'HcallOl'S IIlles .",1 IllS i"'t'0rta'IL ]loillts
from tl.e of the st"l\15 of
ba""" the ,,""tl .... r. etc. I he seIzing r I'
data i.. of importance. 0 tee IIl1eal
2. Imporlallt M"tlers From Stlll/d, '
&pioll,.ge Dllties omt of
&,pional-.... dutiell be'llall".'
,
"
,
. ""BB to lie
R' "pta 1e to t 'e nauon,,1 '.' f
'''''-'!IOthe
RESTRICfEO
'"
3. EspiOllllge /lIethods
By lm:",!cnsts tllid Ii.teni"
ill Oil WH'" .....lIl1l1'Un'C"lH)tlS, tt 's to L .g
'f" '1"1' Ot.,,\
Iml>o,1:111I "'.II,'nm lOll. ,e. earnillg of the
of ","en,.,' 'Ill' fort..,s null"
alld tbe co"t ...",s of the,... C'''"llllltllc"tioIlS ',. f
. I I ., t 'e
(Il'" the ,;I""dpoi"t of jndg.
UlJ! t I", ell"IIl)' I!""'S. II tS Ii, h is dispO!;il ion
of I."s 1Il01... ftnd the like.
gnilUIll! "'-'Cloet ",I"""mt'on or seiziug enem}' mili.
tll'.\ eodc,;, nil,,,, conce,."iUI-! eO""l1unie"tioll Or b-
b"'I'i"te<lla"gu"ge IT;\": I, it should
on to the IlIglle., eonlln"ml", inuuedinlel".
Si"ee SIle!: ,hillJ,'S "8 tl", wONl. of 1;,iSQnen..
docum"nts e'.ther c"'Ti",1 ?" <I"."':'l"ted, Illnps, om:
tIll""e. Ill?tcl',e!: ,,d eSll<'o,,,II)' ("''emft, "'ate,.i"ls
for chetll,e,,1 w,,,'f,,,..,, ellc",)' l>otllbg (shells} f rn
elc., "re importallt inldlil-!cnt....
II IS es.;e"t ial to <'.Ollecl 1I1ld III iIize Ihem.
In caS<JS whe,'ll ,."... m)" "irfi ... lds Ill"{, OCCUpil-d or
"lr "",. Ol"C"pied or ('nem" planes
"''ll scl.zed, you should ,nke 1111 I"pes of
"'''t'''rl"ls and IItilite tllclll 80 '"s to estftbli,h the
between g'"O\llId g"l"OUpS lind the nil' force.
LlSleH to Ihe inhnbitllllts nnd .seize documentS
,,",1 <'.O'"'",lO" If'
. , ..." ...... '"0'01 n''''SI'''I''''-';. CO"'"'\II1I'
""t'"." ,'adio "lid post "fIiees rom
"''''"eat''''1 Sl .. '- . .. '
,
. " 'OilS. I'"ul,, olhc,als, hotels. etc.
Jesl(les thi. 1"1 .," '
,
.., \ ,e" )'" I,r"'g "'&(I's of lillI' wpe )"on
. lIl,"1I be ,bl, .' . .
I}e,;' 1 'e 10 ,<,earcll "ilL '"'I)(Jrt"", ,te,,,g.
" es the lIe':....._it,\' 01 "e"o""" iSSJ\n{'e f,)I'ees and
1'''11'<>1. 8<'<!ki. I I
to II
I ct> CClthelll. I"",-,"w,"",.,;itisdilli'ulllo,.elld
"lid he"e i1 is "t'Cl'S,a"I' to 1)<' e",,,,,"110
eX""""e th...", f , '
\"
.,,, ,...'<."',', Ihell1 "$ in'tn'cl.....1.
ben. ,)riSO .
h IIet' tS ""i.e lilly d<l<;lIt11elll,
emn\"boCIIIT"" "
"',' '. ."'I! ""' ,f "e,.";s,,,.. queslion '"''
I' . .,
aliI' a all ""illS. 8,,,,1 the <!oelllllelltS."u
nSwer t(l ' '.A
it... t k Q SC'"Ol" ""'"n,,,,,,ICl' '-em...'"....-
r

"1>111 , ' ' f

I" t 'e llllle ""d (1",,\ ftllcll'lnce 0
lAP INTEL Eshibi, C
he caplure. Use II .,Iat'" for lhe qUllS-
1_ nipg of dilfel1lllt I,,tsonen; "nd judb'e tJ'll VBI id
llO .' L' ' f'
ity of thll u)' t 'e ([Il1ty 0 w,al th6"
..""IaN'. Tho ilems nu".l i"'po,t" ", in qUCi>tloni,,!!
l>r
i
ljl,ll1ers
FOI'C'l 10 which IlSSlglle<!, It'! dllt;es, nidiel,l",
"r1-"'"IMtion, fighting tIIetllotls, newl),
t""t"t'inl, latest ol"ders. his t!Hit, cOline<:
lim' wilh oth... r fOl"{:eS, nil me and location of ",-,"lor
colll",,"l(ler, fighting titnCSll, spedal t1'Bining per-
formed, stat liS of supp!;!, height of mo,,.le, '[lIal-
it,\" of the org'\l,ization "mlthe IOJl<lg... phy uf the
",'cn in itsol'emtion"lliIllIISolls""-,,or Ilil of I),et<e
iit the sitllation of the "",,,,,,"l. In cases wheN!
thCI'll is lilt I,' lime to 'I)a,..,. it is esscnti"llo B>Cer
tain his unll nnd its l)(Isitioll. If "011 lise i"foml"
tion ... obl"ined when fJ"e>;tionllg" prls
Oil"''' yOIl should be "hie 10 oLt"ill " ,nlleh I,r""ater
resllit .
When ohst",,'i"g th... lI... t"iIB of lhe iueEnatlons
"nd Illlitu"'" of ,-esidellt8, the estllbli,l""enls of
enelllY Di,.tields, Ihe rouditi""s of his
lions, his encamp"",nts. t"'("$ of Slopole,.;;, {:(1m
1Il1lllicnt ions, met hodBof "1"'. n!!illg eOnlllllltlication
a..","cr, ndeos 01" ",... thods of d0!81l1,ctiun, etc.
should bo "ble to obt"i" l,,-oof of the
Imenl iOIls, so tlll'n t he tJbge,,,,1 iOIl. to ad,"mage.
shollhl be "b[... w oolaill.l:"r...1l1 ,,,,,,,,118 when
IIse<l P.OI.... C.rtlfll) "tlenllon 10 llrudenC<l
."".emilll III thllB -'lnke denr 10 them
wh"t we wi,l, to know, but nner inform them of
Oil"
-'I"ke dll,ies Iti"en to Sl,i"", .imple as po:;.;ible.
It IS best 10 send mol''' th,,,, I wo ]Jf!Ol'le. who hn"e
l){'Cn gil'en n"'ioll$ dUll'"' for the l;flllle objecli,-e,
sep"r"lely.
Olll' "Pies who Wille fr<:Iln the enelll)"s direction
will nOI be 'luestlOlled. IlUt will loe tak..." under
I!Illlr<l to the h"adfJlll111ers whi...h di,pnlched th:'m
The t'ent",..."t ...f p,' .....,,'s "'''llCC!<'{l of hem!!
.pies will [.... "",,,ell)' Illl' >n",e.
4. COlllller EspiOllttgll
Sinc,; Ihe en",'"y is 111"-0 II" ,....Il.eless
espiOllng<>, nll dll ..... "f ollk..,nl wi\! IIlwny. be .on
g\lIll'\1 1l,\(1 will nntitll'"I" Ihe enelll)' WIth
eotllllerl'!'pion"g'" In ,mler 10 e,wl1l}'
e"ll;Ollnge lIn,l to Il,"oid I...ak" i" "ul,t".r)
III" hi::he}'1 ,,,"king oflieel' will e_lahh.h ]"{'/,.."I,,
lions for import ani maue...,and it ..
Ihese be
TlleN! are ma"y luh in priwau
liOlI" of ",ili"'I)' !\t'{' ...'" ."d for Ihia
110 IM'r-<>n ..... ollr mililar1
"it".lioll. forC<' or IlOintto. nor lbe
"nd <I,,)', ill pri""e """,,,,,,"i'ali,,,,,,. Beca_
IlIi., each r"t"Ce ' ....mllander .-;11 in"l><'<'I the pri,;
....."nllllltlicntiOll, of .11 IIl1der air ....JIIIIDUlII.
III operational ar.... ". """iJems "Iill "'ilI fnqtlf!DtlJ
lise pn>arrange<1 signab. Mldio
.. lld llib'<'.01l5 10 ... 011 .....1.i"",If:" actin.
tiC>;, For rea"..,.,' of mei.
act"'ities b)' ..... N!f,,1 attem;otl to details
ti,,1. The,. lIn"l be contralle<l !fInetl),.
;:iillt.... instrllCli""". etc.. are gi"etl to pel'!'Ollll
booll,ding pla"e>'. \(l I"e,-em such i"fonnalion
rrom falling illlo enem)' ""l1d.;- either give Ihe In-
Sl r"CllollS oraIlJ. or a"oid allY reeordilli;' of ilems
hn"i"g to do "'illl our (lr &eti,iti"". or
hll,'e the perl;{>11 bllrt, t1w oroe.... n< "'-'OIl 3. thet
arc under;,tood.
Ftigllt dut) l",,,,",,,,"el \\;11 1''''' C"-)lC<"iall)' care
fill allelllion to Ihe maimena"..., or _r-e<:y and
will strictI<' ol.o:;(,,,e Ille "an""s 1"\)1"". In Ihe
e\"tllt of .';"'idellt will he ulN!lIleh' careflll
ill Ibe disPQI"IIOn 'of ;;e<;rel and
documents.
..r,l or
Tilt .l."'"".",r, .\IOt, II ,,,m\\M'K.
IhTUl It<CH t!l-l-t
Ill. lNTElllGENU
A. 1"lrodl/cl;on
Air Force dunllg C<l1l\bat will {:(Illect perti
!lNII inlellib...."ce {:(I"""rt,i,,S ene",,' siluallon.
weather. lochlliquc. "It. for the prose<::u-
li"n "f the war. Intelligence 11111.1 be distributed
,!uickly so as 10 be of u"'-'. 0:/11"",'01l 01 imeIh-
I-",nce i< C"-1J<'{'lally U;;(>flll <:<}llcen'll\l! ehanl,'1'l! III
elle"'" "ir fo""""
2G: InethoM of ""Ileeting IlIlellil!'-'nee an>:
HCCOllnalg;;an<'C. """"''''Rllon of silllatlon.
weath('1' d.ta. and Slly ""l)(lrlS. Sillce th""; arc
c\oseh' ,....Iated. coopen,io" i, .._nllal. It ,. e5-
;",!)()t"\RIlI 10 115O! E<Clentilie ..
IlllelligenC<l ooll('('rning ""elll.'. <lI"s"on.
'I ..at her, ele. collect",l b}' I"d;,idll.l (lllll' '" ",'Ill
RESTRICTED
RESTRlCTED
hu ...iIl 00 ured in addi! ion to that collected by
regulAr jntelligclloo IlgcnciC!!.
As SOOn as Ill! iIllCll;S""Cl'l ""port is di_lll.
inall>d, or all SOOll Ili! $(I'-ern] r<lPOI"IS ate examined
together, such details as \,ar;oIlS intelligence ;Imns.
"'-IIT Sitlllliion, and fcasib;lil)' of rommulljeations
ar1l considered ... nd decided UI'QIl.
211. In order to make II quick nnd accurale in.
llllligenoo dispatch. it is important 10 maintain
and 10 put into operation the communication
facilities, and.o.l$o IIliliZ<l all oomlllu"icMioll DlCRS,
uTe!. l\loreQvcr. it is i"'pOrlall! 10 1Ilili:oo photog.
l'lII''"Y and oTher sciclIl ifie UleRSUrel.
30. On utilizing intellig.mce, the origin, the
period of dala and the method of "s;;ernhlins in-
formation must be ",ade CICR'" II is <'$/;elltia1 to
determine the truth Rnd the ,"... h,e of the inlclli.
genoo. \Vhite Que 111",,1 be careful to this
information scientilically, nud, ,.t the g"me
o!.o>er'e minutel}' the sm"1I malters !SlIse
this is the key to intelligence.
1
31. The dut3' of recouns;ssance is principall}'
that of the unit. f!owe'-er, cnch
unit must caIT)' 01lt its owu roconn"iffillnce lle<>l!S-
SIlry for battle. Bcoonnaissance depends OU in.
spection, photogrll.phJ'. and \"lldio etc..
or the ulilization of all th_ meanS.
:12. In reconnai!l8Rnce, one must considllr the pur.
IlO!ie, kind of targel, and the progresa of the battle,
taking advantage of the and the
metl.od, It is important to take the enemJ' bl'
surprise as much as possible and to achie,'equickll'
tbe puqlO!ie. depeuding On the situa.
lion. it is important to plan removal of
defense and to cury OI,t the roconuaissnnce.
33. In reconnaissance, it is extremel}' important
10 endea"or to compare the past siluation with the
I'rei('llt and especially to make clear any SUcll
changes.
34. Detailed reconnai!i8llnce at night is "el'y
difficult. 80\\"(I\"er, hl' utilizing the infonnatioll
obtained in the daJtime. one can carry out recon.
lIaissanee at uight. It is ,'il>.ll(I note the chang"'!
;11 the ellem)' 8illl"tion "lid e",le""or to learn the
enemr plan. Tn I1i)!ht teeonnaiS8ll11C<', il is im.
portant to make minute preparations, to utilize
radio e<juipment, 811d 10 not be CAII>:ht 08' guard
bJ' the
RESTRlCTllD
toorologicaJ situation ;. DOt
utiliZl\ ad..antlgeollll.ly the .......
place.
TIle air corps (plallell) will
"'il!lout "rder the Illetoorologicallli
during flight Illd notify the relattd
orologicalllllits.
11;
JAP JN1'IL bbibi( C
JDAke duty t!,e bnsis, to consi.der
to ,., situatioll Dlld to execute the allProprl.te
the un . . h
D)elerologica.1 judgment. When '.t 19 e
us( reconlloiter the meleorologlCal condlholl of
air routcsllnd of the tar!,,'et ,ieinity 1lC@(ledill
ord<'r to attack. it is 10
rorecast Ihe chau/,'e in the e"ent Ihe me
JAP INTEl. Ildlibil C
.Irtide f?_Ob/trt,,,ti(}tl, fit Enemy S;ftl(JU01\
The purl""'" or ohsen'ing ,he ''''e1ll3' is I'rin.
cipallJ' to ob;;crm 11."1 enc",!' t<>
sca,eh "ut thei,' !'-very urllt,.
the nir Ullit, lllU_,t "ot 1..- the 0JlPorlUlllty anti
the I-el'ulting iriforllllltioll, while ot the till
lt
",,,ke l'r(wisions for reCOllnlll!lSllll"" and defenSl'.
3{;, Ellen!\' sitll"tion OhS6"""tl011 depends on
lookollts 01' ;pot,ers. radar, 8il' recoulllliS8a11CO, hal.
10011 elc.
37. In o!>sen'illg the ellemy .,itullti"n, it is \"er)'
di Ricu It to tli iate ltet II''''''' friend and ftIe, and
Oc<.:ause of this l'Casoll, il is important Ih>11 all ";r
unit COllllllll'l<lel'll "lld under llIust obey an reg-ub.
t ;OtlS Oil 1'18110 1'Ct:tlgll il iOIl, IIi l" ollCl'at.iOtlS, etc. At
Ihe Sl\1ll6 time, it is irnptlltll"! to ,-e!"tlrL 1Il0"emonts
at t hn, time to IlIIits.
;18, .,\ir re<:onnllissallC6 and balloon lookouts de.
the banJ6 slrength, So 011.\ IlIlI;;\. elltlO"I'"r
IIot ttl ulilizuIhese me811SUllless 811(1t>e
careful of the l'CeOllllaissalloo 1'1" us SIlCI'eeJ'.
39. Whellthe !'t'COllllais:'<WII"" plnnes and hallOOlI
lookouts "n cne",y, theJ' will, withom "Ill'
81'.,ei,,1 ol"(ler, m"ko the mo'enlellts of Ihe encmJ'
c1cal' by approoclting him.
Article S-Meleol'Oloqy
40. MeteOl"Ologr a "ilal I'elationsllip to
the operations of the flying nnit, in the air corps
and the detailed stndy aud its lit is fllnda.
mental to Ihe delllons,""ti"e "chi'wcmont of tho
air corps. The commanders in the air IIllit win
sllmcient knowledge "r alld
gllaranlee liaioon with metoorological IInits (>S!ao.
]ished in the ,icinitJ'. It is ne<;essnr)' fo,' the me
tool'(>l0ll'iCllI IInilS 10 cooperate positively with the
ai,. unilS oo thnt Ihe'"6 lI'ill IlC nO reg,"Cts in the
usc nlul in the tletailed stlldy of llle'eOlology.
41. Tho air corps will Ootllll)lI"icaI6 with Ihe re-
],.Ied meleorological units IllId it will speediJ)'
make elM1'_ all,l" special cha,."cteristics rela,edt.o
mcleOl"OI0l:,'lcnl statistical dat" as a basis. hIs
to asse",bl6 Ihe nleteOI"{llogic,t1 os-
ti,e ilnmediMe [",It Ie, op.,."lioll (11".1,1".
".alllFlI1;) "lid to c.I'I".1' 0111 II", blltlle OJlC,,,tlO"
,,",th,,"t a"y
_'!2. In utili.illg the illtelligenCl',
It IS lIecessRrJ' rOI' Iho ai" COI'I19 IIllit colll111ander
'"
RESTRJCTED
I\Hi, All addillOlll.l 30 ...
I,holo lraininr but ...
l,hOlORrallhie thnieian...
6,-,,1. cl...'IllI,II,,"1 uellll<iqoly "" die IIIIlI7
Ind lir dde,-., bid .r.n.c dtIr
,,,,d clbol lhe I'.......D' .-... brw.dnwd 10
lhe rerognilioll of I,rfirld-.. lin:nh aDd
m.nllil ..,.,. lL."td for nd DO
Or other or 1,llOlognpby __ iDdrIW
1Il rhe cumeDlum. ()IIicff <ItidMtb ..... ac-
IlfCIlL'" of l,re1"iQu" inti/''''''- III pll<o&c>](npbl.
I:!. In tbe Ofl,nlOfl of )lojor Shirooda. COof ...
..irst Phowgraphi<- Opel"l.li t'nil. only &of'"
oliee:... lrained in PI .-e UJ oomptIl'III ill
tbelr job. 'rbe-e men ..-ere .\rmy oAcen
.-ho laeoonlmg to ,I", lbjorl ..-e.... fully qtJtLIi.
lied to - IIl1lil"", DIU!. ...... lir
......, in rb- IJeo:au.e theOlber Iack.ed. UBi
Iar kno..-1edl!e of tt<'baical milillry .... tI...... Ihn
.-1'.... 10 be le- tWful. .
X y. ",.. _ork f"r S....I pbow
." bef::Im by LL Comdr. Ezoii._iot
photo 060er. Jav--- :\".ry. a, Yok<>-
_Db :\"1 1 .\ir Oroul' in IlWl _ben be ",udi<od
c:ame nd pbo>l"r"llh'" IIIIIkr dril-
iln upert-.. 1'011_"'1: I fprther &OOy of 1'1
...i,h lhe ... Ezaki and WOIllft"
l.blr.:J>ed I pboto ,.;boolal Yob>;;ub..
Eulri Ibe <lOU....., ,I.> ""rrirulr:m. and
..ruee tl"'lftH:hi"l: IIlInual.-d. Tbuour'lt I
1t:!1 Ulrludt<! I limiled ",ooy' of ffJIturt
1"et:Op1;11OD, lwvf '\U",...y. of tkf-. ;;mall
1">OUllt of .i",",fl and .hipping ;,J"nu6catKtn.
and just 1'l1QUllllloOIognl'hy 10 proride familiar-
. ..-itll llroblenc- of ,he Ted>
"iq""" -' for III..... Ind .,hip rec<l(1liliou oon-
....ffi of II", roI"pari,;oo of _led __
Ind ... ilh I",bli>lled rerognillOR dota.
::'Iudent eand,dalt" "'e,.,. and 00Illli""'
00 II", ba.."";_ of a uni ....... degree. I" .d
di,io" 10 oIIi r l"'1'-<>",,,,I, nDlIlber of flIli......ed
me" 11;0 ...orkffi ....i'b photo .nd in
......._lIeorallll' ralrh' I,roficient ill illlerpret.-
I;on lechnique$. .h a 'rule, ho..e,...r, ,,- tt",n
we'" not I ij.",e.II'1 d1ll;1'$.
H. Otlt of til" first 1'1 dl!lS ("'hiell 6,,
l.hed ill IIII' 1M:.!) Ot (\ "enttQ Knbaul,
:I st"ved at YokO<'luka 10 t\'ICh. and IIIf re;, weill
I" 01;"'rRlional .ir TIre entire lleCOn(1 elasa
,, ml'",llel'iI WIS:1('\\I'OTftle}'ama Air Group.
n9
Tr<l;1I;1/8 of photo fllterprelerS
11. ,\ tolal of 18 Japanese A'1n)" oRice!"!!
,,",,ined in inlellig"rlc-e in 2
Ii""t clllSS lasting frorn AUjl:llsl,o Sotp
It,,,,I,,,,. Hl-lO, lind " cla"" finishing in
JAP 1N'fEL Edtibil 0
.".ltl'r! among ...idel., Sl'pllMlled air jotrolll><, .. il h
one or 1.... 0 me" al each. Thew officei'll "'ork.d
C"J/I'I'Wt\'lr under rhe Sllllf'n'i,ion of the grollp
conuna"d .nd d,,"01l'<1 m",,1 of their .. '0 I
", ... of Ihe denl"I'IH\'rt, of ,\ II ied ir ba,*,< Mild to
,\Ih..d 1'1""" identifil'll.tivrl. Little I'OOnlinMrioll
of "'ork wl!I ell"eNed bet....een Ihe dill"ett'llt .ir
11""'1"'; no aHempt made to .....
porling or 10 inll'IV\'e di$l:ributivrl Inl'lhod.; no
<'I'lltl"l.l otganizalion ...u for
.pH'ial.'uthes on orotl",r sl'l'<:;.I
iUtI fieltb; a"d nO Cf"Il'ral ".i/'.... k"pt for 11'.
I",rb Illd pholOj:!ral'!"S.
!'. After Ihe :S.illln, 1"0 Jim and Okina'"
calUl..igllS (in Jul)" I!lU) ...helllhe..,., "f ph.oln.
gral,llti for i"telligellC'l' IltIrne lI>tIn fulll-
.ppreci'IOO, .1I allempl ..-u m.d" to
I:"""ter l'I'ntraliulion 10 Ann)" photo inlelli",oen<'e
leti"iliell b)'!!eItinl!' IIplbe Firq Pbotographio:-Oll-
el"l.t;0"9 l'nit (Dai lehi 5h..,.hin Sal!'Y-Olai) IInder
.\ir VIIQ, JIIII'_ .\nnr. unil, of rom
''''')' 10 let ..,. a but .nually it
.. no OI'I,,'lIiOOlI fnn<1ioll be
t'au>oe of 11IIKUle lad: of phol"!-.... p1'" al II", end of
,,.r. Of1,. .. niZl.ion (Chin of lhoe FiN
I'hotogtaphi(C O!",ralio!t;: rnil is sho'lfll on poo.ge
123.
9.\'trry. :\"....1efton. in phologl"l.phic inte\li
g<"J('f' for tl", IlIOl>l 111M poo.l"I.lleltd uperi-
ellfd-. l"di,idu.1 inter"....le "-ere iMgned 10
lir group or 11"'1'1. COD,m."d he.... ..orIt..d
undft Ihe orders of ""I"'riors .mo selJom .,>-
lhe ...llIe of I'holo units.
Purittg II", earl)" sumn",rof il ,,-., d""id"tl to
place lrai"t<l l,hOlO irrte'1""lers do..." 10 !lCIuldron
le"el; one Illllldred w"re being lrai"ed for pur.
1_a' the end of Ihe wlr.
10. Liulw1l, Ex<::elll fot lhe initi.l training of
:\" IV)" lea,I".. al Ihe Arm)" 1'1 !"!Chon!. 110 rvordin.
lion of OI",",lional .",i.'iti.-.s ,,.s be
lween Ann)' and Sa.J' photo ..,,,,,, u"iL...
AI"", I,hoto inleq,reta,ion officers
work...1ttl""t of th" Ii",,, in ignorance ol,hcir 0""
gl'Uup 01",.... 1;0".1
I
JAP INTEL Exhibil D
:I, ...lh..r lotlll of HI Arm,. olli..,.... f
:--hi<;h 6wen:- rompelflOl, "-C"' ,r.i'..:1
III II l..,hm'lUl'-.nd 0111,. 30-3b ;\"a'")' oftice
"'f':" ..em.llr .""igneJ 1'1 dttli..... Jo:lllph....i.
.-"" plan:o:l "l"'" d", idenlili<:alioll of ill.
>t.llauon, .nd the ;;tud)' of ;\lIiffi ba,
ron;;lruniOll. a,,,1 1M of aircraft
,hippilll!' .n(
-I. Uoth .\rn,}" ."d :\"..-y I'hoto imelligella! 01.
Ikf,., .-e 1Iacl>ed I,tim.tily 10 i1' groups "'hlore
"""""nlf<l for Ihe most part ...ilh .ir.
IIlI"rp"".li,:",'. IlCllOrI" "-ere meager .1Id
oootdm.uOll bet ...et'n air gI'OI'll$ ....ti
1ll1..rK! bf(.-""" lhe Am,)' .nd:\" .
lacking. ''Y"-a.;t
5. '!l'" f.U of Saipoo.n ",..kffi. 81ighl
" '1 In J .poo.ne,;e photo for .flft .h.t
,be '1><:"""",, in,,,n!S ill lhe of pll(>-
logt'1lllitl! f?t.he purpo.se of "'"lehing Alli"d ahip
_I(fiJII"I.IlOl'S .nd Allied ".'ill de I
TIli .. 1"1' Of"""nl.
,
....s hI' Ihe bet
.
0 1'1' r, photogral,h.
...".... O"e of Ihe f" ... !;ot,tee!! of il.hl" im"lli:
getlo:e Alliffi 01I('t1llio"s.
G. let e"en rhis i"e....' ..
1 . . .....: teer.lj:1l11,on ,lit! not
'?" I III .l.y rap'd .d'all(;(> of PI. for Ihotlllh lh"
ll.'r1 ."d Di". h "..,.... l-'QOII. tlll'"
,
IIInlled lrt number .nd lrained "'N:"
.emg" TI" I
I
.. _ ' ex tell,e "'lOrI"!!1l of pholO!l uk"n
"' I lnne is !:II'!< "1
,
. ' I ",Iral ...l by ,hI' f"<1 Ibll
on)' -I $OM'"" "'I' '
O. re l!Il'llI ("'et SaiPftn ."d onll' 10
O,,,t kma...a. .
Phol
o
/"'eWge"re 0,. ' "
'WIZ<I 1011
'. Army. TI,e f .
. u;-e 0 ,"s arl .,,110
.;"Iet' was Inlli II'" .
Ih" \",., I J ,,"'" "I"''' '" Jrtp"" II\'
. '\. """rll I .
th,> )' Ie t!lj."O, It """ "'" lInlil rtllrI.,
how' I W"'rtlthal d." An"" 1.!!"l1 1<1 rt,,,Ii'"
IUlporl",,1 ph",.,' .
'I'll" \1' ,..all) wa< liS an ", .
'geltl'\' l;Our,;e U '1 '" " .
"hll' Ann' '. '\11 h,ul' 1104' r"w n"nll-
J ph"to "Ilk... ,,,, hnd been
...
.'"
".K'!'
",
US
U,
119


I:!I

RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED
I ..JroJuctio..
I. II"'I.. b, I'h.oIn.
Intell,!oen"", G-" "';;;;"";:' ,
I.bora -. ., ..... ..., III to
G"
B;::;. It III "s..d "1'0" i"fonna';o" ->II I.
b)" offici.L; ....il.bl.. for illie I.
I":,,, In lokyo. doculIletlli! h)' ,I""
",_, ., n,.'....
. tI, om,.uon ...i.h ,I \r h
n, I b II' "'"r
,,?'. Ie ,"'oe....... GI'OI'II, .nd :\"....1 T"",hninll
.> J'pall.
G-2, }llp3nne Inlelligence Section, Tokyo, Japan
EXHIBIT D-U. S. STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY
Summa"
2. Judl-'1'<1 by' .\lIlui<:a" .Iattd.rd", lhe J.I""'"
of .en.1 I'holograph,- b ........ of itU"U'
....titi"""'irJJittf.r",)'allhen"1 " ,.
J
"l>l""'!@ ,\nll)' a"d :\".n 0111\'1'.... ,I , .
'd I ."not COtto
.r et I' 10 l... u..f,,1 opt'I"I.,i", lh' be
"olld Ihe ,m"ll':d,ale lacl.ul,,"'" " .'
II' "1'Il1Irenll)'
110 I' .ort wu ",ade 10 III l,horO!!l"I.phJJ .
plannln!! Ot Illlleil""il\1:" ne.. "" f '"
"" I 1'-'" 'I' e",
1(;(>1"!l w tll ( .... tMI,,,,, 1101' I""',ibilili- , I
,. , "" P'Ol<).
gtlll' u<" mte mH "'illt ottl)' "
. I'
f_. III I,elr elfOr1-l1 h' OOttvirw:e dou' .
"pet'ors.
RESTRICTED
Photog,,,phy
30. Camel'll' UlOSI
planes CUI. and 50 CI11. focal 1\"j..'1h
of the U. S. }o'.irehild K-4>. which h&<1 be<.'11 de"el-
ope.I romnlCreinl ron.,..,",' nnd aCl:Cllte<1 bolh
""r"i""", The phOIO plane. M)rl. e.r
ried lise.1 moulI!> lor ."tolll.tie
couhltnke 110 ""lJO'iUrl."iIl>'tl' lUn!!a",ine. :So l'ron
,iOll ",a, Inade,llOwe'-fr. for \"Rri.ble a"gle
or for oblique phologn.pl,y, excel,l h)' hand lk'hl
.
3L Although Jnl18'''''''' "". ' t<,<,hm
t:llllJ good. photographic sup!,lie", r'I\\'CIl\lly fi1lo,
been",... critical as Il,e war and alMI.'d
anothe.r {aClor 10 the cllrtailmem of I,hotos t"ken,
RESTlUCfED
of annotated photographs.
,nalion u,;ed "eMlly during pilot
ulld in a few "hotll t'OpM. ...
alOllj! "'ilh the "ilol on !<OrtiCll.
21. Distribution of wriltl'n reporta wu
limiled 10 the chain of eommaud in the air
in which they "e..... &lId the.l'\l_
ha"e no general effort to thill td-
nill"e of di_minalion or to dl'ect liai,;(,n t.t_
air groups nn,l higher for filion _
l>orts vr photog1'llplly. :wme irnpro,'eloen", weft
mllde ill reports afler ",hal about
(i(J copies we.re lIIade and selll to operations at A,r
GIIQ for further distribulion. AI", Ilt Ihi. tilDl'
a weekly sununa,:,' "a, circulato>d
alllo"s,\ 1'1 <officers.. to ",ake them rnore n,,''''f
of their rldation 10 both specific operations .od
llKl general war I,it:ture.
28. 0, S. Fit:ld4 Q{ PI not EllfewJ by the -lap
aM'.' EZlIki aud a fell' other,; in til... rerog-
uized lhe possibilities anrl de;;irabilil)'_ of .-an:b
in ""cll 1'1"... _ of PI as t.frMl'"
lion nnd ,,.Ier depth detenmnRtloll. bllt had not
been able to do nn" .t:tual work along these hnes.
Similarly. la'l,<et ;"'lcction ..-ork .nd damage .,.
_mem were lIot beeau...
of lhe lack of re..",lar on iu-
f,,,,,,,em oco.....sioIl!l were POW repons ehecke.1
meanS of photog-mphs. _
:!fr. So ""rlou5 etrol'!$ at mappu'l; from nfnnl
"-e'" m.de. ""'''''llt for fe.....t
templ$ in the ;Soulh P,-cifie .rc. done
Ihe Ihi :Sll'pon [)e,-dt>pment Ui'l1lg
Arn.y planes and ellllipmellt.
121
JAP JNTEL Epibil D
_ for Blrictly air group purll0!leS. I.ittle targel
.,. rk was done, anti TCpo,h often eousi',[('(l merely
-:m<)il8ics .n1l0tall bJ' Ihe iuterpreter .nd ""nt
tbe appropriate nil' gr"uII lleCl ion, III the opin.
ion of Major Shimadn., thel'e WIIS no ... dOll6 by
lIte Jnpnnesc .\nny prIOr 10 tl1610ss of Sa'pall that
CQukl ,-eI.lIJ 00 en phOI l'graphic intelli;''Cllcc.
2'2, tI/ler Soip'l/l, inlerest in photo intellib<enee
beCallle more lUarh..l, for (nccording- to Major
Shimada) fl'om time until!.he end of the "'nl',
photographs were practically Ihe only OlOUl'Ce of in-
It''ailabln con.,..,rning Allied tlll\"elol"
meuU. A similnr cbange in internsl and aeti,'it ...
took plaoout Ihe SlUlI61im6 iu Xa"y photogl'llphie
intelligence.
23. DUl'ing Ihe. 111"0 Jima and Okinawn cam
pnisns, oolh .\no1' Ilnd Nn"y photo interpreler,;
l'lnced g,-ellier imporlance on Ihe rerob",ition of
nnd nircmft. Ships were identified b)' nam6
nlld type whene,'el' possible, with carriers beinj!
or first iwpOl'lanee, liB, C.\. CL, DD.
nnd DE.. seconJ, and Inndiug ersfL thinl. No nl
WltS llIarle to kCl'I' a record o( ,hip mo,e
menlS, nor waS any odler work done in reb',U-d t"
shipping. ,
2,1. Oceasionall... during this period of m
neli"il)', effolts "'t'l... marle 10
personnel complemeuts "I Allied base,. 0\; an
example, one Arm... unit esti'''nted I.hat at
afler the beginning of 8-29 OperallOll!!:.n
of 12 COlUl'auies WIIS WIth all air'
craft acti,ilies.
25, Illlo'prtdalioll of Ot!enu, Camo"f1nge of
AlIi",l i".talinLions wu not eon"idererl to be n
hindl'ance iu id,-.ltificalion t'''eept in the case of
dispersed ail'Craft end... in (he wnr and 01 A.\
defell;;el) nl Okinawa. 1.1. Comdr. Ezaki, ilClIior
,m""l 1'1 olt\eer, {dl thllt his men had heeu able
10 pick up AA and ill mOSI cafiCS 10
lif" Ihem rebti,'cl)' "ceUl'llle.ly. The same feehng
lIot tme of ground ,lelenl;eS, ho..-e'e.r. Also,
nhhough ooth lhe nml Xn", ?ft".n lried,
neither waS nblo to pick up electronu:II Ill,talla.
tions at lhe lICale of l'hotogmphy a-"8ilnhle.
Com:n;md were im!'!l locawd hy de
duction fl'(lm lmek lIel;'ity.
20. /{el'orl;,19 .lIetl,()f/$ in oolh ,\rmy aull
X""y "pparent!J' vnried with nuit. A" p,-e.
luenlioued, some ,-eports ",,;1>8\,
llO1ll6 by n,emo, and some merely conSlsl",!
JAP INTEL bhlbit J)
1'000t .\Ioreoby, but ,\llioo baSC$ thC8l\
wel'(l co"ered only by S\lbmarmll aircraft which
look small oblique shots from hnndheld camel1l
In rn",t illstllnces, submnriue pholos weill ulIe<l bS.
Ihe subm'lrincs thernsches for purposes of
1'C1OClion 'Uld tnrget appl'OJleh.
Ope,,,/iQn,,/ Dlltie1 01 PhQfQ Interpreters
18, The fil"t use of phologr"phy L)' tIle
Jnpnne8C WIIS 11l8<1e. to a IImlled exlent, "s far back
lIS W:li durill/: the "Chilla Ineirlent." In SpiteM
lhis eady lJt>"oi"ning, howe"e", He" lit lhe end of
lht! wnr in WHi Jnpallese llel'inl photog-mph)' and
I'hotogrnphic inlelligence, jud/,'erl h1' American
,la"dll"ls, Wa" ju,t get ling stllrted. The fuet Ihut
dl6 .)Il!'llne,e hn,'e nt uo tim6 wl1sitlCl'ed photog_
raphy 10 00 n OlOUree of intelligence beyoud Ihe
oh\'iolls imm("(li'lte tnctical I,h"se is au e:<cellelll
illuotrllliOlI of Ihis arrested de"elo[1ment All-
uo effort wns Ill"de to mnke
useful in l'lll,ming 01' llulicipating operations.
19. J:'ur/.!I SturJe8 0/11',71. Photo intelligence of.
fi""n; were in limiled use with the
of work pillcetl upon the stndy of
U. S. eonSlnlctlon and d6\"elopment aeli"il)' alllt
lcsscr altelltioll gi"en to slutl)'illg "eb'l!lalio",ler.
rnin, nnd defenses. ,\hhough the_"", studies 'were
hardly out of lhe Sllig-C, an Ullcmpt
wus made,usiug periOdic eo"el', 10 study the prog.
1:SS ill U, S.posilioIlS, especially nir.
hehls. I hes.. etforl8 were gr"atlv curtailed how.
tII'er, by illStllFicient lind insuffieienl
nnden;landing on Ihe pllrt of JllpIWCS<l lc"ders.
20, Photo inlequ'(lters 10 1\1l1'1' head-
qual1e.rs in JJl"a Wel'(l cO;lcerae<l
wllh ,,"Illching ,\!lied const"lleliou acti"il" par.
t ieUlllrl)' the develop'lJenl of nil'fields inA
Some work wns doue ill lhe use of "crill! pholo-
011 a slrictl,l' sketch Imsis fOl' mupping and
plottl11g hydrogral,hie infnrnllitioli. All of lhis
dllta was "'-'nleilher "erbnl1y Or by mewo 10 head
qU8l'ters, but 110 Sl>eci/ic "'o,'k WIlS requested from
head'luaI1ers", . .. 1
or "ns 'Ill" lufor","llon u, l't'g"n
t? operotions lind plans l;assed oul 10 the Pl5:'
tlon,
21. As was t), .
G
J c:<pe",ence of iUleqwetets
III lIadalcallal -, J .
,. 1 nllu Il"a, A,'Uly photo intelligence
o lee!"li 1ll,llheir ... kl . f
,"
. 01" l!luted thnnwhout, most 0
ewn"lllre '"
f l/O',)ng On airfield [1mgrCS$ ,'\'\
ennes, lind genel",l rlC\"elol'ment aet;"ity I\lIicd
'"
RESTRJCTED
.\hhoUjl:h lhe Ihird aud final class of 30 Illembers
finished early in I1lH, l,(,cau$e lhcre were few
a"aibble al the lime, Ihe whole gnlllll was
a';'>lsnl.'d othe" dillies. '111uS lhe entire PI Oml-e,
complemem of the Na'T consisted of from 33 to
as men.
r""tillg of Photogr"phs
15. In both the AmI)' a'ul :0<",')', ,ince thel'll
we", no 'l'e<:ial l,holOgraphie ",!uadrolls, pholO!!
were laken as Olle of Ihe duties of ''lJ<:Ollllaissance
",!uadron8. Photos tllken b)' NII"y air 1l0tilltlS,
IIher only a cllsual fll "milia head.
quaI1e,.", wen;: diN'Clly to air SI"OUP
or n.....l wmU\and (or iuterprellllio'l b" PI o"i-
Cl.'rs. ill lhe Army,
went 10 swul' lwadqual'lers for inter-
prellllion. All was flown at the
order of higher edwlons where the men reo
sponsible were geuer"lly unfamiliar with both
and PI: nt, no lime were pholo in.
tellif,'enee oflieen; permilled to make thei,' own
!'\'que>;t;l for Ahhough il is true thul
"fter &lipan lh6 u>e o( phOlogral,hs f(lr intelli.
,,"'Ilee purposes became more fully al'precial",l,
and as n re;;ult !'\'qUesIS for became mOl'e
uumeroll!! and mOre inrelligelll, e"en lhen the
sm,lll number'!! of tmined pilOl$ nud a"ailable
phOlO planes limited the photos aeulall" to
nOlhing. l1ms. theN! were $<Ir.
ties of Saipall nown from Iwo Jima the
fall of Saip"n and Ihe attaek on Iwo. nnd there
weI'(! onlr 10 sorties nown O"Cr Okillawa.
IG. Photo pla,,"'1 USl't1 included
Sniul1 or Mrrt type 1}2). by both
the '\IID)' and and Dinnb, employed Il)' the
Anl1r alone. ,\ltilUdes flown wel'6 generalh' 10,.
000 melers. whieh with" 2.:; b';"'e n
I,holo !!Cale of I: and with a liO ern earnera
scl,le of I: W.DOO-ooth too small for
work by U. S. standards. A few were
flown with scales ajJ larb'e as 1:8,000, h\lL these
"'ere the ex"",plione. Wherever possible. ,-ertieal
pholog......l'hs took lale" slab'CS of
Ihe Ok1l1aWa eampn'gn, howe"er, ,t WaS often noo-
1'llS&'1' to take obliques .at llO'n6 froUl the
tar",.l because of the "'crease In Amerieau AA
aeu"'L}', I'llpeciall.\ (rom .hil)!!.
17. In tbe Southwest Puifie. frorn
nabaul new l;Qr1ies a8 far south as ,\lunda and
RESTR1CfED
.If.. ,t ,,.,,_ to
",,,b,le I,hot" I"b- f"r ""ils. III
faCI.the few lab """,I wen'loeat",1 inte"l, llr olher
n""il"LI/l hOl"inlf. "lid "itt. 0111,' SII1"11
t"nk_. "n.l mher iimih'll
e:.1.IP.Ci"lly ellrrie,.", 1""."..""",1 I'h0101f""l'hie
lallOl"lltor,e;;. but ". kilO"",,. II..ne """s
for l'foeOllllaio'$llllt'e 1'"l'po.,,;e;;,
33, Ahho"gh a lillie eol...r work ,,",,< donc nc"r
the l>f Ihe w,,,.. J"p"ne",," ('Olo,. phOl"I;""IIhy
was sol! in Ihe e"l'erimelllni 81"/!:" Rnd w", II0t
oeriO\lsly "perntion"Uy.
RESTRlcrED
Inlfrpretlti"n of da!trul::tic-.
IlJ. 11o\\" '" illl..rprrt lIf'JtIfil'l'B.
II. Inf,.,. plovt,!) inlfrpm.tion:
infra t"d alld llanchroll'lltic
I",trutti"u. f"r .\PI <lfti,..:>", in rom_
""",r1"
,\Iukinj.! ."d monthly
123
ORGANIZATION CHART OF
FIRST PHOTOGRAPHIC OPERATIONS UNIT
(DAI ICHI SHASHIN SAGYOTAI)
JAPANESE ARMY
(OBTAINED FROM MAJOR SHIMADA. UNIT CO)
NOH' oRGAN,Z.toTl0N Of TNE ANO AliI P.. ATOONS WAS TO HAVE 8EEN
'OENTleAL W,1H THAT SHOWN A80VE fOR THE 2ND PLATOON. BUT TH'S WAS NEVEl!
ACHIEVED
TOU .. COMP.. EMENT 22 OFFICERS, [N"'SHO MEN
U'200_ "'__D
ICOIolIolANDING OFFICER I
I I
I 1
HOC. UNIT
'"
," ' ..
ADMINISTRATION PLATOON
PLATOON PLATOON
INTELLIGENCE
SUPPLY
FINA'ICE.
,."
PLATOON
I
I I
I
ADMINISTRATION \ I INTERPRETATION \
I
PRODllCTlON
I I OFF
I
I
I
PflOTO COORDINATION 1ol0SAIC
MATERIEL
(PM'o LOb.} 2: NCO
I NCO. 2: EM
EM
".
lid' INTEL Exhibit 0
C. Termi" inlel"pl1'lation : tiv,
ft!', to"d5. eOll"nHn;C"t;O"". eo"et, be"ches,
geol'\l!")"
d. .\A ... it;OIlS, CD
po.ilio"s. ElII1h\\"ul'k!i.
e, Mililal'Y tOlHruelioll.
f. ObMade,;, in lind under wRter.
(1"'o.)p"l'"d f,,, Ussns b)' IA. Comdr, EMki, senior
J"plllle_"l'\',,,') pholO inlll1ig"uce olliec,')
O'iTl.,"" .0. ,,"0 '1'.\ Ill,'; 0" C,,"'J'''''Tll (>p I'NEI'.'N"'1'OE)"
.\1'1
l. NR"J ,'"",o."'''S al p"'><:,,,t in II,;e: Types, pur.
I"'$IS. capaLi[itil'll-<i.i"",n.'l!!i'ln of.
2. \'"l'iollS mClhods of taking phOtogl'l'l,hs: lie.
,'0 cap'lbilil illS and cha ,""Cl\,,.ibl ics.
3. Deliuition of API: The ide,,1 is nol
lhat of distinguishi"", obje<:ts but nl.>o tlJllt of
making factual ,,"d capable inte"l"'N,"iolls,
a. neeo!>",il iOll.
I>. Deeision.
c. r,,(cl"(mCt: .
d. [nterprCl"tion (..om {OJIll.
4. Capabilities of API;
a. l','illeiples of i"lCl"P"cting form. How
to "se the stereoscope.
L. cap:,bilities (of inethods)
for d'Sllllgm,hmg h,,'gln "nd disl"nce.
e. Abil;l)" to distinguish On air
photCl$. Limits of
d. B"",. depth "nd lellgllo "f objedli Oil
phllios.
U. t" "'''k.e dUllt.s showillg of in.
te'llret".. o" ("""10"5 t,l'J)(>$).
Il. 110".' 10 "".. ehal1s fo,' delel'",i"i"g sc,de of
slIl,,1I oIlJC(:ts, HOI\" to lise small dilfcl'o.)"ees in
scale ".tld to)IJ(lb'C size or objcels by dired i"ter.
l'ret"l.lon wah Ihe SI"l"o:;<:ope.
;, J.'UUillg togeth"r g'""l'hs "si"" ,te,"l)O ('Om
pa"atlnl height finders. "
fo" defi"in:.: Ihe .leg'"'' of acc"r"cy
of Hlleqn"tatioll.
9, ]loinls ulJ<mt Ihe \"r;o"s IJ'l}C;l of in.
lerpret"tlon.
". [llterp'"lnliOll of ai" buses.
Metl,od of defi"in).\" pl"Il/lI)'I.e;;.
.,,[etloo<l of IYP"5 of bases.
Uen""al IIO'ntH n"t!"ar\" fo,' i"wr'
[1J"t"liQn. .
. h. inlel'l>l'l:'tation: GuiJ6 l<l
J<lentdkation of lnerd"'ht ",.,",'15 1"",lil1)!
c",ft, cmisers, cv... "
JAP INTEL Exhibit D
SUMMARY OF INSTRUCfION GIVEN IN
FIRST JAPANESE NAVY A E R I Al
PHOTO INTELLIGENCE COURSE
122
RESTRJCfED
Bibliography
TI'e intel'l"ogn,ions of J"pan"""
oll,e,ab l1"::iBS I"",, heell "5e<I"s ref/l,",,,:e "'a.
ler;al in II'/ll'rep"ration of this rellOrt:
Lt. C,mdr. Sen;or Photog""phie In.
lcrpN:tation Officer.
Major IJ.,\. Com",anding Ollicer. IS\.
I hotolfrRI'I"c 0l'c,.>1I'OnS Unit. IJA.
Mr. Houa. Optical Phr.ici.l, 0l'lic,,1 Section,
B,... nd, .\.,.,..,n,,1 of bt '\'''''n,,1. Yokos"kn.
CapUlin ShibalR. llllnzo, IJX. Ope,"tions Omcer
of Ihe 21st Air Fleel "ndcr the 11th .\.;r Fleet "I
naLaul.
Gell"ral K"wabo.-. Commandill/!: General. Ai"
GHQ, J,UF.
Lt. Gen.\ris...., G-2, Annl' Gen",.,.1 Stair.
Rear Admiral Tomiokn, IJX. X""'al Gen"r,,1
:;:itafr.
Col. )Ii..,.,hi, JA.H', OP.. ""tiOIlS Oflker. ,\i,'
Gcneral Slaff. .
. Call1ai,, Ohmae. Chief. bt Section, 1st l-kpl.
X""al G"neral StatIo
1-;'. Col. Matsumura, 10th Air Dh'ision.
Comdr. OkumiJ"a, IJ:", 1\"a,.1 G"ne,.al St"ff
Comdr. Xakajim", St"tr Intellif,"'llce Olli.
Hq., Combin"d X&\"al
Comdr, Terni, IJ.\". N""al G,,"eral Staff.
Comdr. y"ku"'.IJX Section. "ani Ge', I
Slaff. . er"
Comdr. Imai LJX. ;,th Sectiun, Xaval General
Staff.
Comdr. Y.rnaf,'1lchi, I.J X, 1st Air T<:<:hni".1 lle.
llenrch AtIle".1.
'\1"jQr Tof,"', J.\J\ F, 10th Air Oi,is;on.
JA.P INrBL Emlhit D
when ""jng an
LIST OF REPORTS
CI\ILlAN DEt"ENS! DI\'ISIOS
40 Ch-lIi"", Ocf....'" Di,i,I<,,,,-.i"'" \l.epo"
COl<>l!'lO Field HOI"'''
110"" Field R.I",rt
110."0".' F;'ld lIel"'''
H ..1<1 ltel"'''_Vo' I, Tv:'; Vol ll, t;.
bil,i",
45 lIod Ol_le F;'I<I \I.e!"'rt
""Vb"", Field \l.eport
"re III lIa,ana. Ge,,'''''r
t;QUlPMENT 1)1\'18101'
tlee\riul
4S Cerroa" t:qull''''"u' Iml",Ir) l!<'port
u"'.." 1IoI'l"1 N ('ie, l.;alo"a1, GoT-
"",")'
23 Al"minJun"r.,k G I'll b H Plant So
G<rmany , .
2. G<bcuocle' Giulini G m b H, Ludwlpllafal., 0.-
_0'
25 1.,It..,hilll>.." Zeppehn G ... b H,
"" f\<>de,,_, Germa"j'
26 """,Io.od W.,lo A G, l;lm, GerttI.....
27 Rudolph 1Lo"'.,,baoh l... /IcIHII-
l"". eerm..llr
2!l Li"""'.,ke V_i"igte /o.l"...i"i".......m AG, 1-.
G<,....,,)'
29 Do.u, ..be ...a1I.... Hodrle"'hol-.
30 .\ C. Durer> \I ..........._BmIll
.t Waren. G<"""'o,'
AREA STl:OIES DU1S10S
3' A..... 8'udi.. Ili\ioi<>n R<vort
32 A I)ctalled Stnd)' 01 tbe 1'11""'" of A..... Boml>l,..
on 11"""l>u,",,
:l3 A Dctalled of We FJl"eeu 01 ,,_ Bombinc
34 A of the Efleeta of A_ Bombi,..
0" DII_ldorf-
ali .1 Detailed Slud)' of the 01 A_ Bo...bioK
0" Soliull""
36 A IMailed SluM of ,be E1f""u 01 .\ ..... BolllblDK
0" }l.e",..he:i<I .
37 "Deu.iled Study 01 ,I,. Elf""", or A.....
on Do.,""I..d'
38 "Oc,ailed S,OOj' 01 lb. 01 A_ Bon,l,i"R
On Lu""""
:J'.l A \lr"" S'ud,- 01 the ElI",-",'_. 01 A_ llombi''ll 011
U.riill, AUlPbuTf', Boob",n, l..ifn"', 1I_n. I)ort
m""d. Ol>e,lia",;en, ::h..,.;"lun, and U",,,,,,,,
and Prffiolon I..." .....' -"
01"iral 0.",1 II""""".", h,du.,l'l' &por\
AI,fr.me. IIruoh
AIlICRAI'T 01,",510,,"
(lly Di"j,ion a"d llra".b)
Al,eralt Di,'i.ioll Io"h"lr)' RepOrt
5 l"'rectio" Vi,'" 10 Vl>riou' Target. ($pe.ial Re
1""1)
"
() .. Ai...",I' .."d Aero E",ine ,,"o,ko,
Ge,m"")' . .
};,I.. G m b H, G<,.
,"n"V
S "T C M_I'i"."h"". C '" b H. Leip,i,
""l. C.,ma"l
o GOlh... , W_nfab,ik A G, Gotha, (J."n.."y
10 w"lf -"i...",1t Pla"t, U'Cn'en, Ge,m."y
\
O'.eT-"lI &I"'rt
....l,,"lt< ,I G,A"",.huTI!. Part A
Ge""a,,)' I'.." U
1. 11, 111
12 no",i., Wo,I.', .Il M"niob, Geo
many
13 Ge,ha,d Fie,..,le, IIe,k. G m b II, "...,.,\. Cerma"y
14 Weine, Ne""aedle' \\'1.,,", :O;e"
.....Il, ,I".. ri..
UNITED STATES STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY
EllI'Opeaa War
The f"nO"'("! lin of .tudi.. i... blbllograpb)' 01 cool
pleted ",po'le , ...ult",! lrolll the Go,m.. " OUrl or. Repo't.
uuo,belll I, 2, ""d 3 Ull be l,ur<h....,.J lrom l1,e S"I>erill
100<10'" 01 Do,ume",,", Go"o""O",lI Pri"ti,,!
W..hlostoO, I). C. p..",i.,.;o" 10 ....mine the: romo.i"i"J
repo'lJI m..y be ho.d by "'rili,,g to the I\e.o.dq...rl.... 01
,I'e SuC"ov Gravelly Pol"" W..hh',,,,o 25. I), C.
I Tl,e' Uoiled Sial.. Strategic llombi", ...y:
Summa,y lIoport (Europea" Wu).
2 The U"iled 8' ....'.gi. llombi", S""'ey:
Over-all lie",," (E"rol""''' Wa')
3 The Elf""", of Stratogic Bombi,,! 0" the G<11l""
\1',,, E.onomy
Aero Eee/n
1I"..i", :>AG ...,,ke G '" b II, II",,,...
...Ick, Ger,,,a,,)'
If, G ,,' h 11, T..n.h",
Dc,m",,\
17 ll",'"'''''' .Ioto,,,,o,k; I,,", .I: D,,,,,,,,l,,,I,
18 A G Mu"ioh,
Ce""",,!
19 Hen..,l",1 'IngnlOlon''''''.<"<'' "a_I, {]<o''''a'')'
IJlbl Me'al It,.n,h
In,I",,,)" JI'.,I 1. Alm"lllU'"
of G.""""Y '1'n't ll.
l>e",.rhe ..lI ...orke, lhld..he,m, Ger-
",any.
G ", H, 1.elp.ig,(;ortUlI)"
."mpti(>,LS
prohl",,>.
V.Jut. of roccnt ,>.'.:ou".i_nc6 hut.:
(I....'" the field as training Illsleri.l11. III
ImtJ:O'IIl.',ce.of in night inler.
.... In VIC'" of nnporlallce in frobt
hne dUII""-
I IIl]1'OrlIlUce of oollecting photo "'Iller" 1
for 1150 in ,\1'1 '!'!lining. "
Emphasis on illlp<>J1aIlCe of a"oidi,
Klld on nhility;l!
lllnke logically rensoned dC<:1sioll8, 0
hMed Oil ;1I1<""I',""IIII;on.
bel,." ...tI mlli"
I'W inhlIij.."'Il"e, and AI'. '
to ]"",,1,11'. ""'''''nl,I<" "",I
photos.
\;J. itl'Il"llCII?,1.8 On tr"ining in API ",,,lhOl]$:
1""""''1; in ability 10 milk,; thPOn.lt;cal
,("dil'll, ill ,""asc",ing lind in decision.
How lO exl'....o';S _,,,lts of API.
. of i'l\' ti/!"ling ael",,1 o\.>
after "'lerp....I"'g them.
Illlp'Jrtn""" or makillg llel1inent no"
IlI!SI1UCTED
125
RESTRICTED
124
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RESTRICTED
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I.T1UTIES 1)1\"ISlO:!O
o..-.a. .:wuw I I ..........,. Repon
I '0 10 \.. \'oll 0.._ n.n' Ihpono
1\ Ie> :;!O ;., \'ol II "1 "In. I'\pl -
E\el;........ G
IlESTlUCTED
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