enplain the AsslaN MENT -

lifrences betesn
MiCOControlles Aso orIle
eonlvotus
MievoproceSOSo MIOand
the apph cationS

MicYo roessoY
DIMco oesoY Can be Unde MiO Mio Cpnxole
stood as the heait ot a stood Cunole's Can be u04e
aS the heoant at an
Computex sysiern
2)) Memoy and Ilo components The
embedded System
ment y and Ilo o ul put
ave conne ced eiternaly omPonents ave connectd Int
The crt s Comple dua |-ally
Ezteena Connecttons
tothe cct is less Com plen
clue to ntena onnectiors
) Tt ont be sed in compaet T
an be used atha ComPa
systerm -ct system
*These ave not efPicient |These aYe more Etilent

) I has less No-od Regisles 1t has mose No-ct Rgisteu

APPliations ot MicTo onolles
It s used in em bedded syslem
Aevonautics
t is Used in space technology
Jl is used in RobotiCS
Used in tran sPorlaliòn onagenunl syskns
 sts and
huyh
inena ince
Pe Count an Mulkplicatoninunal
Rogisten
a
Rosutbcoide Containin
Pol3 DYive
he
4
plon RUM timu
cnd
|Pent
caio
Inkvup, insluction
opevand in
ang-bit
for stoe locatlon
oine
3ack cotha Regisen
as to
o acs Athemati is
tchiectue chLal
Pot alongusedBoS|uny l6-bit (DPL
Reqisten
intheto
than
(N90rnaaic
RAM PS LaAch used
mainly Pointisa bye
acCumlator other te
is Poin Can PoinkAleo
6os for Ragisea
RAM
Raq1sto
HH DaBa and
staCkpointer
divisi0n
xplain and
-The
useo
the
DPH
i5 B The
Rst
2) y
 ha lhe usedstatus addess and
Aimen
be RAM 256
dalaholds
BuHe RAM
Con perdent ave tho claa B-bitfoy tu
and
that nven that see sPaaonchup
addess
n inde (nteund+ha
Roqisten holds
(T4)Oto) to
AM TCoscoEc)
Ro(e sPecial
PoYt) ove30urces memory
PYovide
byteS 3041 2041
)
Rrgiste (ontains
Raqister to
selial e) iSUsed 18
ot
l6-bit Oginazation
RAM
Irtenad
byles cdala (an (29 0
Bant3
2RoBont1Bant
O
imeCoundn
o
opuaons and status.
Keqistet punclionaddiess
to RigsBer P'anto
1h {hough
1l inteunal 26 (ntenalusedSpac
ITime
too
Butfert ButHu TMOn acess con
Ra RO
Received Ce g-bitave addyess 3>
ave 1esouY special
Lronsmitle
bansmil 4he an he l28 fun
(TATL) Da and TC Conbholling Used.this
looeN
is heBos|
21 acess 24 Cial
Ip hese upper
eeial 4hal (oolol
tobe. also the
SPe
(0 like To
at
¥
 oy used hughuau
timet 1(o1) MO Timuclo
set
stent
select
OPerio
tummode
(3-bit
mod
tmu mode
tuu
9-bit
16-bit YeS
ae
are is mode
tme
SPlit
gafe mode Conthollus-
.th Can ode pluses Contiol ave
cking-bils tireyGotecifr way4
(o) ae N e Eimeu bit bi
in sele Countea
ci then Coune time lower
countt
timers
wen Mo tu to
bit for operaton Registea)
contnol
TCoN(Time upper
Same Modd UsedmiCYO
eoch conlvco)
msde lo
Timeused (o) set'o timen
as andSelect and
timers MIMO
cT
(hate he acts in four
Yegiste
timeYS teuls
o
Ragisten timer is inoave mer M
Time1lc
t Conol bit time Th to cohere
ti used
opeathun of haxd
1
is as
mcde aate t thev
6-bit dopenalon
foy suflwae
cH acsbits ave
anclin
istey
Roq
SMGD the Perfor oo - ano and ter
an and Used the cttSO cohich Rugis tor
the select (S countu
TMOD
s du
1! the ? -sible
lain Cunlsol
uoo Countes Can
Modebits Tcon G-bil
stop
Chate
s coe CT T4 ot
T
) Ar
 BH 0o le tigh
intevupt ze
. ool timero
o to w is oy
timei engble
timexl High lo cohen SMOD
at on o to doubled cillatorlator Yau 3)
at enable CtUYS Tf inevopt Sed
ISR cohen A) sel +
oohen
ISR cohern u
up oscil low Cith
Cuetes TI Bil) thuos
ecueles timen.
To sel Bah o is isthu f0veu
sel 3et tHay)
1(n*vopt Control
0, Registen Ye
Powe be 'sv
TO timea Controi post, can
lag)+ flog)+e Bit)t flaq)+ If Timey1
Bit)+
rocesoY vOCessoNthe d0s| vate is
tupe
the ContYoI ede tyP O) td onTNTo Recieved
Low fdae poN seia
aohenbaud
baudvale
dle
ink
onlio) tlow halt IFo
flow halt
cohen
4inteupt
inteUpt edge
inkupt o
inteYopt
falling the he baud
cohen Baud
vat1
=
cOven Runto Dve Run to INT1.
on
Reeived SMODin
Register SMoD
Registu tha iS
au cleau falling Bit c SMOD0 Th n
o cleaved
o (Entunal on iate thu
1 .cleave1 cle LTimeaTimey )CEnteunal
(Tmex (eerna (Eeunallevel
loo
On SMoD =|
TETimey
. occuYS Baud nas-bitllig Coh
1 On SMg
flos 1to
elo0s to
TRIe4 TFo TRoset ITIbCCUrS Teo ITO The thu Se
By T JE
1E O
 Co,
tmn labi slocweProceu
MCde
as have
ans Sam 0
times) both MDde l6-bit
Uedond COuntnig ou
to Cowntens O
timeY
ae
thiS )T4)1 the 4he
t operaton vegist ay isten
openaion onioile) Tn
O
Tio fo Req au
timer
fr tTHo Same cohen
9)Mode
2 use (nthe and for 8-bit
ot aye timers and
To (3
ima set set
ModeyMiCO TH% aubits over 1 an ZeNo's
ovT is tho cMode 1S
and (S fag
males notsPag
fourR06 Mode
2) TRO tln both T
to
6-bil
Ragisie
T0 (ntu
is openation ineupt
the CountinteYUPt Moda ave
ave jn that fo 4he
xpaninsor1 CoUntus O
Mode bit Ahe o Mode
4 Inthis 's
Thene eg1stey npect
)Mode
o most Node The
P an The ot
A)
 th aau an
TL0 counting Value
The
inceuning
Ri
V
réset Bth ct
for on onbot
s1bit Mode use
isused indeupt
eload the
Rolod timeso)
Negi34e
time1 Ho oven
Autoan diso T
t
times oenenats
kupt and ke 1.
fox as foT0:
tf4om
Ï fa
dhis.MQde.the
Called
the
T20 hasTíomey
TLl n
oscR TRD
and also
timeythe he
by and
Cycley
oom
atten caseCounting
time1s Ashe TNTO
3Mode 4hib TFI
Mee Mode and
n
30s]S-bit memory
otheuTesistoy any ohes
st bukput lowee
ct to
Stuctee then have thon
Gach funchiong
tha pulup Gaeno to applied
then olp not oddedponts
PotSo Gimila
nput an in su?PLy bes the
used
Poy ulo two 0s built is 1lo
16 be
it oshen aie must
as (s Confiqused p-1) memony
I|o
by mem9 cothpocue portlile
Po qenealp31) Rndions
has igured
) Po 1Log1c
on Po choraceNzedonit Ilo to to
notk onolle
pirsSv nb to
Cont to applied
Gutunal
is arue C-o
functions simlar as (P3o
short Poo Povt ts o
hen used Pont 4hon
miobe C
a an onto is Pa nsisting by is )Port2
is be Pot
hw
e1Pec
COTie cahcho cohenbye ohen ted P1 te USed
Con n
605l Port Po

H* 9 3) )
 to
Gntes to Rihtd
dmove
ontine ane enexs
coth e3 ett
ACeumlatoy
ons
Aceumlator
ên
and
and fomCY Proks
m
1nghucltons ond MsB
Jnshucli Right eIs CRRCA) A) Yatated
eIss Notated Rc .
by ot MsB flag lag LS3
A o 1B bit Cag ave CauyCY-o |00
Rolateot 8bit) ollO
{ottbong(RRA)
Right S Bit a1e
A- cauuy
0olo Calyto O0o1
logical Conlenty A) the bit,
hu Bit
(Ri coth 6-bitstote -bils moved
let coth coith
RlghtBit
One
oighd
and Bit
lert Rotateou Right the 1sB 26
he the
By 42 edist
lellhe Gaakis
cXplain Rotale A RLCA cy
Rotnt Rodate 36 Rotate RotadeRRC Rolate
Lefl ttey teyOnd
In Tn Jn
n
w ) 2) 3) N )
 Logical nshucions Elt novA, R
J ove
l0gcal AND movA
The inslhucen a l Perform alogicol. AuD onte
dotenoon
-two oReands and place hs Rout in
CAL Instu
t MOVAtt 3r 35
Anothe
ANL AtOF
"O.60o olo)

D) 09ical oR
inshu chon erfor ms JOgcal .0R bl sOUe and LCALL
The
OPenaton
destinaton and he esult ot oR
MoV A #o4 ACALL is
Subvoutn

O4 OR 65 6c Data
) Logicad xoR
The inshucktôn pesfovMs bgical xoR ofeaton bld to
OPesancs and place ha Yesult n adoltnati
Erample mov At olo oloo

6e G) Elain
) JUmp and cal Tnslhuctons
Rapeating the Sequenee inslvuctton acentaimb-otme
EA
Is callsd luop
Inkro
Tn thse inshucton the Raqisten is de ementd 1it setir
not a zevo It Tumps to the taugel addvess ve
to the abal
STMP 2by te to terminate te Proqram
23byle to teminak He
Pvoq va
 Et moVA, Ro
J> ove R
mov A R)
JZ oveR
CALL Inshuction
Anothei Conlrol anste inshuctonthe CAL Istr
-cHÏn ohichis USed to Cal-lhe ubvouttn- In g0s
fue too insth uCtion to Ý Call lCALL AND ACA)L
3-by4e instucton uSed to call uboutune
LCALL isa
to lat cny coheve in te cddve ¢ 6u kB ot SPaca
e touget acdhess c
ACALL iS a 2byle inshulton
aubyouti ne must be cthin 2b addvess
(o DaHa transfer Instyucton
Iransfex instuction ohich transfes data i-he
pada in stut
called he .coPy
mIo Oes0V They a also

mov A| Ro

movA RO

G Elain each bt
EA xfsETEX| FToXo
each
EA DiSables All inkYu pts TF eA=0 J{ CA=1
sounca iS indivually enablec ox disabed by
Inkwop
setkirg enable bit
v DiSables he seiad Povt (nYopl JP
Cnables
Seia Port inteYupt is disabled
overflow mkvp
ÉTI Gnables oY Disables the timey 1
¬T50 th timey inteyupt is disabled
If (To
 enabie) oY disables fh ex teinal inderopl1 .3*

tha Crt1na inkvupt1 is drsabled

ETO mables or disabies the timer ooverflow i n e l
Timex D intemupt is disbled
If ETO -0

enables OY disables tha Cxteunal inkmupt o.T Ex,

EXO
is disabled
o the eateanal inteut o
PCPocky Regista)

Ps Sesial Poit ineupt pronty level Ps= l Proran

t to the highey PrioY ty level
PTI Temer 1 intemupt Príovy leve) , p=| Poqan
(t to the higher riority level
Pxl=) P0r
Eteunal interupt Miorihy level
it to the hyhe riority level
PTo Timero intemupt priovity level PT |
Progrom (t tothe hghe priorlylevey
tuna inteupt pioity tevel ford
roeramn it to the yhe paioity level
9) (ise he inkupt vectoY table ot Sos -a
ineupt kom
orte the dleteult Prioity) levels ot
hahst to lowest
RESET Oo0o h
Times o ovefoco
ExteAnal (nemupO .0003h

Timer 1 ovelloo oo1Bh

Gteunal intemupt1 Oo3h
 3eiia O028h
Tumereovesfio o028 b

#TRApis the highest Pio1ity and atl thaintevupt has

defaule Pricnity cnder
TRAP
TNTO TFO> (N71> TE|> R4T

Petioc
) Find the timess Clock hequency and its
fon VioUs S05 based ystem cith folloing
CoCr fyequancies
b) (6 m tz
) 12M Hz
f - l6mHZ

(2

T |AS T

T=|-o15 us
O-4216
Sliad Communicato)euplaun ttu tyPes ( Metho
lo) hat s
-ds t Selial ComnmunLCaton
Communicatin is a Communicaton Method
Seicl
one oY too tvansmisSion lnes to send
hat US
conlinonusly
ard Rece Ved data and thet caa (s
atme
enl and Rocei ved one bit a
 he

)
(6) ochonw avd (Vsyuctiinu)

awrts Gendig lhe dala adulo olheN (IDdi

vunmllrn unuk cann
he dala all lhe ine .1he
dat.
1ecelved the dala and veceiNing Cannot hanGnil

1h hal! Duplen Comnmuni calior bolh lhe n ou

Capalle cf Sending ox ece\Ving bul oniy ono ala

* în aFul duplen (ommuniCatron both ts Can Rece

nd Yansmt at the Sameim ThuS l any Gne bo4
Cunit and B are Sendung dta as (oel as Recevng
clata
Simple Dev 1| Devs {ransmit
ony Receive ov
H af DOP\eX Dev1t f pev
and ansmit
Can Receive
a) bolth cny
but
Full Duplen Dev1 Dev OneYolea tw
Can Recervead lYansmt