Leadership and management

- Key functions of management: functions of management refers to the roles and

responsibilities of managers. There are five functions of management as: to plan,
command, control, coordinate and organize business activities.
- Planning Managers are responsible for setting the course of action to achieve
organizational objectives.
- Commanding Managers give instructions and orders to their teams and
subordinates in order to achieve business objectives.
- Controlling Managers are responsible for the performance and health and safety of
their teams.
- Coordinating Managers have the responsibility for ensuring that all departments
strive to achieve the goals of the organization.
- Organizing Managers organize resources in order to achieve corporate objectives.

The difference between management and leadership

Lader: someone who influences and inspires others to get things done.

Leadership: the process of influencing and inspiring others to achieve organizational

goals.

Manager: is responsible for planning and overseeing the work of a group, monitoring
the group’s progress, and ensuring that the plan is put into effect.
 Management and leadership serve similar purposes. However, there are some
significant differences and it is important to consider these when referring specifically
to either management or leadership:
● Time and devotion: managers have a short-term view whereas leaders have
a much longer term perspective. In essence, managers deal with tactical
decisions whereas leaders handle strategic decisions.
● Roles and responsibilities: Leaders are accountable for a much broader range
of roles and responsibilities, They deal with what and why questions. In
contrast, managers deal with routine how and when questions.
● Influence on others: Managers utilize their authority to give instructions and
orders, relying on their official position. Leaders inspire and motivate their
followers by focusing on people rather than tasks.
● Risk-taking: Managers follow predetermined rules and policies set by the
organization. Leaders are more radical in their thinking. They take risks by
challenging the status quo to move the organization forward.
● Vision: Leaders create a culture of hope, gelling people to where they have
not been before, whereas managers abide by the procedures and culture of
an organization.

In essence, the differences between leadership and management can be explained by the
differences in their characteristics, roles and outcomes.

Leadership styles

Leadership style refers to the ways in which decision makers behave or reveal their
behavior. Styles of leadership:

● Autocratic:
● Paternalistic:

● Laissez-faire:

● Democratic:

● Situational:
 Leadership, management and the CUEGIS concepts

Leadership styles depend on cultural norms, with consensus models observed in countries
like Japan and the Netherlands, and charismatic models in the UK, USA, and Australia.
Ethical considerations are influenced by a leader's personal values and determine their
responsibility for ensuring ethical conduct within the organization.
Effective leadership impacts morale, commitment, competence, productivity, and profitability
of the organization.
Modern organizations tend to shift towards democratic leadership styles, emphasizing trust,
delegation, and employee involvement in decision-making.
Delegation and empowerment free up time for leaders and managers to fulfill strategic
responsibilities, but overall accountability and monitoring are still necessary.
Cultural differences in language, lifestyles, and expectations require adaptability in
leadership styles when operating in foreign countries.