First conditional: if + present, will / won’t

1- Use if + present to talk about a possible situation and will / won’t to talk about the consequence.
2- The if clause can come first or second. If the if clause comes first. We usually put a comma before the
next clause.
3- You can also use imperative or can + infinitive instead of will + infinitive in the other clause.
Examples:
1- If I miss the last bus, I’ll get a taxi.
If you tell her the truth, she won´t believe you.
What will you do if he doesn’t call you?
2- If you don’t go, she won’t be very pleased.
She won’t be very pleased if you don’t go.
3- If you miss the last bus, get a taxi.
If you miss the last bus, you can get a taxi.
Second conditional: if + past, would / wouldn’t
1- Use if + past to talk about an imaginary or hypothetical future situation and would / wouldn’t + verb to
talk about the consequence. You can contract would as ‘d .
2- The if clause can come first or second. If the if clause comes first. We usually put a comma before the
next clause.
3- You can also use could + infinitive instead of would + infinitive in the other clause.
Examples:
1- If a bull attacked me , I’d run away.
2- I’d run away if a bull attacked me.
3- I could run away if a bull attacked me.
Be in second conditionals
With the verb be you can use were (instead of was) after I / he / she / it.
Example: If Jack was / were here, he’d know what to do
Use were (not was) in the expression If I were you ..., this expression is often use for giving advice.
Example: If I were you, I wouldn’t take that job.
Zero conditional: if + present, present
We use the zero conditional to talk about situations which are allways true. If has the same meaning as
when, whenever or every time in such sentences.
Examples:
My eyes start to hurt if I spend too long on the computer.
If you mix blue and yellow, you get green.
Third conditional: if + past perfect, would / wouldn't have
We use the third conditional to talk about imaginary situations in the past and to speculate their effects on
past events or situations.
Examples:
If we hadn't taken a map, we would have got lost. (But we took a map so we didn't get lost.)
Mixed conditional: if + past perfect, would / wouldn't
Mixed conditional is a combination of a second and a third conditional. They can express an imaginary
past event and a probable present result.
Examples:
If you had listened to my advice, you would not be in this situation now.
Alternatives words for if
As long as, provided (that), providing (that), on condition (that) can be used in place of if to emphasize
the condition.
Examples:
I'll lend you 10 pounds as long as you give it back tomorrow.
We'll take the boat out provide the sea isn't too rough.