An Internship Report

On
Python Programming with DSA

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the Requirements for the award of the

degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted by
Gorli.Lavaraju - (0180868)
Under supervision Of
DR.Ravichandra.D

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF KNOWLEDCE TECHNOLOGIES

ONGOLE - ANDHRA PRADESH

2023

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 Approval sheet
The report entitled “Python programming with DSA”
is approved by ___________________________
For the Degree in Bachelor Of Technology.

Examiners : ___________________________
___________________________
___________________________

Supervisor(s) : _Dr. Alok Yadav_______________

Director (Ybi Foundation)

___________________________

Chairman :

___________________________

Date: ___________________________
Place: __________________________

Student Name: Gorli.Lavaraju

Industry Supervisor: Dr.Alok Yadav
Verification url:
https://workdrive.zohopublic.in/fi
le/urfas7f6da93fb9994ed292c022
a488e5d13a

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………………………..3
ABSTRACT………………………….……………………………………………………………..4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…..…………………………………………………………………..5
DECLARATION……………………………………………………………………………………6
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………….7
1.1 Python in DSA………………………………………………………………………..7
1.2 Purpose and Importance of report…………………………………………7
1.3 Python Basics…………………………………………………………………………7
1.4 Python’s advantages for DSA:………………………………………………..8
CHAPTER 2 DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS IN PYTHON……....10
2.1 Common Data structures in Python:…………………………………….10
2.2 How common data structures in python used in DSA:………….11
2.3 Importance of Algorithms in DSA: ..……………………………………..11
2.4 Common Algorithms implemented in Python: .……………………12
2.5 Python libraries for DSA: .……………………………………………………13
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 2.6 Advantages of Data Manipulation and Data Visualization:…..13
CHAPTER 3 DESCRIPTION ………………………………………………………………..15
3.1 Python Programming…………………………………………………………..15 3.2
Data Structures……………………………………………………………………15
CHAPTER 4 OUTCOMES……………………………………………………………………17
CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY…………………………………………………………………….18
ABSTRACT

The automotive industry has witnessed a surge in data-driven decision-making, making

car price prediction a crucial aspect for both buyers and sellers. This report delves into the
application of Python in the domain of car price prediction, utilizing data science and machine
learning techniques.
The primary objective of this study is to explore how Python, in conjunction with
relevant libraries and tools, can be employed to predict car prices accurately. We demonstrate
the step-by-step process, from data collection and preprocessing to model building and
evaluation, while emphasizing the versatility and efficiency of Python in this context.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to “YBI Foundation”, for providing me with
the knowledge and skills necessary to successfully complete this internship on “Python
Programming with DSA” . Their guidance, support, and encouragement throughout the
duration of the course were invaluable.
I would also like to extend my appreciation to all the staff members and fellow students,
who helped me in various ways to complete this internship. Their contributions and support
helped me to achieve my goals.
Lastly, I would like to acknowledge my family and friends for their unwavering support
and encouragement throughout this journey. Without their support, it would not have been
possible for me to complete this internship.
Thank you all for your support.

With Sincere Regards

G.Lavaraju

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 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work presented in this report, entitled Internship on “Python
Programming with DSA” Completion Report' is a result of my own efforts and is submitted in
partial fulfillment of the requirements.
The report is based on original research and is not submitted in any other form, either in
part or in whole, to any other institution or organization. Any ideas or data taken from other
sources have been properly acknowledged and referenced in the report.
I understand that any form of plagiarism is a serious academic offence and can lead to
severe consequences. I assure that the work presented in this report is my own and that I have
not plagiarized any part of it.

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 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Python in DSA:
Python is a versatile programming language widely used in Data Structures and
Algorithms (DSA). It's known for its simplicity and readability, making it an excellent choice for
DSA tasks. Here's an introduction to how Python is used in DSA:
Data Structures: Python offers built-in data structures like lists, dictionaries, sets, and tuples,
which are fundamental for implementing various data structures such as arrays, linked lists,
stacks, and queues. You can easily manipulate these data structures and perform common
operations.
Algorithms: Python provides a rich standard library with numerous built-in functions and
modules for sorting, searching, and manipulating data. You can implement algorithms like
sorting (e.g., quicksort, merge sort), searching (e.g., binary search), and graph algorithms (e.g.,
depth-first search, breadth-first search) with ease.

In summary, Python is a popular choice for DSA due to its simplicity, readability, and
extensive standard library. It's used for implementing data structures, algorithms, and for
analyzing their efficiency. Many educational resources and coding platforms support Python for
learning and practicing DSA.

1.2 Purpose and importance of report:

Reports serve the critical purpose of conveying information, analysis, and insights
concisely and comprehensively. They are essential in business, academia, and various fields.
Reports inform decision-making by presenting data, research findings, and recommendations.
They facilitate communication within organizations and provide a record of activities. Reports
enable accountability and help track progress towards goals. They serve as documentation for
legal and regulatory purposes. Moreover, reports contribute to knowledge sharing and help
stakeholders stay informed. Overall, the importance of reports lies in their ability to organize,
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summarize, and communicate information effectively, aiding informed decisions and efficient
operations in diverse settings.

1.3 Python Basics:

Brief Introduction python programming fundamentals:

Python programming fundamentals encompass the core principles and concepts

necessary to start coding in Python. These fundamentals include:
Syntax: Python's clean and readable syntax uses indentation to denote code blocks, making it
easy to understand.
Variables and Data Types: Python supports various data types like integers, floats, strings, and
booleans. Variables store and manipulate data.
Control Structures: Python includes conditional statements (if, elif, else) and loops (for and
while) to control program flow.
Functions: Functions are reusable blocks of code, enhancing code organization and modularity.
Data Structures: Python offers built-in data structures like lists, dictionaries, sets, and tuples,
which are essential for organizing and manipulating data.
Input/Output: Python can read user input and display output using functions like input() and
print().
Error Handling: Exception handling using try and except allows graceful error management.
Libraries and Modules: Python's extensive standard library and external packages expand its
capabilities for tasks like data analysis, web development, and more.
These fundamentals form the foundation for Python programming, enabling developers to
create diverse applications and solve various computational problems efficiently

1.4 Python’s advantages for DSA:

Python offers several advantages for Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA) tasks:
Readability: Python's clean and concise syntax enhances code readability, making it easier to
understand and maintain, crucial for complex DSA implementations.
Rich Standard Library: Python's extensive standard library provides built-in data structures (lists,
dictionaries, etc.) and functions (sorting, searching) that simplify DSA development.

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Dynamic Typing: Python's dynamic typing allows flexibility in DSA implementations, enabling
developers to focus on algorithms rather than managing data types explicitly.
Ease of Prototyping: Python's quick development cycle is advantageous for rapid prototyping
and experimentation when designing new data structures or algorithms.
Community and Resources: Python has a large and active community, offering a wealth of
resources, libraries, and online courses focused on DSA.
Cross-Platform: Python is cross-platform, allowing DSA implementations to work seamlessly on
various operating systems.
Integration: Python can be easily integrated with other languages like C/C++ for
performancecritical DSA sections, combining the simplicity of Python with the efficiency of
lower-level languages.
Visualization: Python libraries like matplotlib enable the visualization of DSA concepts, aiding in
understanding and debugging.
Overall, Python's simplicity, robust standard library, and supportive community make it
an excellent choice for learning, implementing, and experimenting with Data Structures and
Algorithms.

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 CHAPTER 2 DATA STRUCTURE AND ALOGORITHMS IN PYTHON

2.1 Common Data structures in Python:

Python offers a variety of built-in data structures that are commonly used in
programming. Some of the most common data structures in Python include:
Lists: Lists are ordered collections of elements that can hold items of different data types. They
are versatile and widely used for storing and manipulating data.
Tuples: Tuples are similar to lists but are immutable, meaning their contents cannot be modified
after creation. They are often used for data that should not change.
Dictionaries: Dictionaries are key-value pairs that allow you to store and retrieve data efficiently.
They are often used when you need to associate data with unique keys.
Sets: Sets are collections of unique elements. They are useful for removing duplicates from lists
and performing set operations like union and intersection.
These data structures provide the foundation for working with data in Python and are
essential for solving a wide range of programming problems. Depending on the specific
requirements of your task, you can choose the most appropriate data structure to efficiently
store and manipulate your data.

2.2 How common data structures in python used in DSA:

Common data structures in Python, such as lists, dictionaries, sets, and tuples, play a vital role in
Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA). Here's how they are typically used in DSA:
Lists: Lists are versatile and frequently used in DSA to implement dynamic arrays, stacks,
queues, linked lists, and more. They allow efficient access to elements, making them valuable
for various algorithms.

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Dictionaries: Dictionaries are used to create associative arrays, hash maps, and other data
structures for efficient key-value pair storage and retrieval. They are crucial for algorithms like
hash tables and graph representations.
Sets: Sets are beneficial in DSA for tasks like duplicate removal, finding unique elements, and
performing set operations. They are often employed in algorithms related to searching and
optimizing.
Tuples: Tuples, being immutable, are suitable for storing fixed data. They can be used in
algorithms to represent items that shouldn't change during computation.
These common Python data structures simplify the implementation of DSA algorithms,
enabling developers to focus on the algorithmic logic rather than low-level data management.
Python's standard libraries also provide useful functions for sorting, searching, and manipulating
these data structures, making it a convenient choice for DSA tasks.

2.3 Importance of Algorithms in DSA:

Algorithms are of paramount importance in Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA) for several
reasons:
Efficiency: Algorithms determine how efficiently a program solves a problem. Well-designed
algorithms can significantly reduce execution time and resource usage, crucial in applications
like large-scale data processing and real-time systems.
Problem Solving: Algorithms are the core tools for problem-solving. They provide systematic
step-by-step instructions for solving complex computational problems, breaking them down into
manageable components.
Optimization: DSA often involves optimizing solutions to problems, like finding the shortest path
or the most efficient sorting method. Algorithms provide the means to achieve these
optimizations.
Resource Management: Algorithms help manage limited resources like memory, processing
power, and network bandwidth efficiently, making them crucial in embedded systems and
resource-constrained environments.
Reusability: Well-designed algorithms are modular and can be reused in different applications,
reducing development time and effort.
Foundation for Data Structures: Algorithms work in tandem with data structures. Data
structures store and organize data, while algorithms define how to manipulate and process that
data effectively.

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Competitive Programming: In competitive programming and coding interviews, a deep
understanding of algorithms is essential for solving complex problems under time constraints.
Academic and Research Significance: Algorithms are a fundamental aspect of computer science
and mathematics, forming the basis for research in various fields.
In summary, algorithms are the backbone of DSA, providing the means to solve problems
efficiently, manage resources, and lay the foundation for building robust and scalable software
systems. Their importance spans from practical applications to theoretical research, making
them a cornerstone of computer science and software development.

2.4 Common Algorithms implemented in Python:

Here are some examples of common algorithms implemented in Python:

1. Sorting Algorithms : Bubble Sort:

def bubble_sort(arr): n = len(arr) for i
in range(n): for j in range(0, n-i-1):
if arr[j] > arr[j+1]: arr[j], arr[j+1] =
arr[j+1], arr[j]

Quick Sort:
def quick_sort(arr): if len(arr) <= 1:
return arr pivot = arr[len(arr) // 2]
left = [x for x in arr if x < pivot]
middle = [x for x in arr if x == pivot]
right = [x for x in arr if x > pivot]
return quick_sort(left) + middle + quick_sort(right)
2. Searching Algorithms : Binary
Search: def binary_search(arr, target):
low, high = 0, len(arr) - 1 while low <=
high:
mid = (low + high) // 2
if arr[mid] == target:
return mid
elif arr[mid] < target:
low = mid + 1
else: high =
mid - 1 return -1

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2.5 Python libraries for DSA:
There are several popular Python libraries for Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA) that
can help you in coding and implementing DSA concepts. Some of the popular ones include:

NumPy: For efficient numerical operations and working with arrays. NumPy (Numerical
Python) is a fundamental library in Python for numerical and scientific computing. While it's
not specifically designed for Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA), it plays a crucial role in
DSA
Pandas: Great for data manipulation and analysis. matplotlib
and Seaborn: Used for data visualization.
SciPy: Provides additional functionality on top of NumPy for scientific computing. networkx:
A library for studying the structure and dynamics of complex networks.
scikit-learn: For machine learning and predictive data analysis.

2.6 Advantages of Data Manipulation and Data Visualization:

Data manipulation and visualization are crucial aspects of data science and analysis.
Python offers several libraries for these tasks, including Pandas, NumPy, Matplotlib, Seaborn,
and Plotly. Here are the advantages of using these libraries for data manipulation and
visualization in the context of data science and analysis (DSA):
Ease of Use: Python libraries like Pandas and NumPy provide intuitive and easy-to-understand
APIs for data manipulation. They allow you to load, clean, transform, and analyze data with
minimal code.
Data Cleaning: DSA often involves working with messy or incomplete data. Python libraries
provide tools for data cleaning, including handling missing values, removing duplicates, and
dealing with outliers.
Data Transformation: You can efficiently reshape and transform data using Pandas and NumPy,
making it suitable for various analysis tasks, such as aggregation, filtering, and grouping.
Efficiency: Python libraries are highly optimized for performance, allowing you to work with
large datasets efficiently. They are also capable of handling various data types, from numerical
to textual and categorical.
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Data Integration: You can easily integrate data from various sources, such as CSV files, Excel
spreadsheets, SQL databases, and web APIs, into your analysis using Python libraries.
Visualization: Visualization libraries like Matplotlib, Seaborn, and Plotly enable you to create a
wide range of charts and graphs to represent data visually. This aids in exploring data patterns,
identifying trends, and communicating findings effectively.
Interactivity: Some visualization libraries, like Plotly, offer interactive features, allowing you to
create interactive dashboards and plots that can be explored and customized by end-users.
Customization: Python visualization libraries offer extensive customization options, allowing you
to control every aspect of your plots, from colors and labels to axes and annotations.
Reproducibility: Python code is easily shareable and reproducible. You can document your data
manipulation and visualization steps in Jupyter notebooks, making it easier for others to
understand and replicate your analysis.
Community Support: Python has a large and active community of data scientists and analysts.
You can find a wealth of tutorials, documentation, and online forums for help and support when
working with these libraries.
Integration with Machine Learning: Python's data manipulation libraries seamlessly integrate
with popular machine learning frameworks like scikit-learn and TensorFlow, making it
convenient to preprocess and prepare data for machine learning models.
Cross-Platform Compatibility: Python libraries are cross-platform, meaning you can use them on
Windows, macOS, and Linux, ensuring compatibility across different environments.
In summary, Python libraries for data manipulation and visualization in DSA offer a
powerful and versatile toolkit for working with data, enabling you to efficiently clean, transform,
analyze, and visualize data, ultimately leading to better insights and informed decision-making.

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 CHAPTER 3 DESCRIPTION
3.1 Python programming:
Python is a high-level, versatile programming language known for its simplicity and
readability. It has gained widespread popularity in various domains, including web
development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, and scientific computing. Python's ease of use
and extensive libraries make it a preferred choice for solving a wide range of problems.
In the context of this internship, Python played a pivotal role in implementing data
science and machine learning solutions. Python's rich ecosystem of libraries, such as NumPy,
pandas, scikit-learn, and TensorFlow, provided the tools necessary for data manipulation,
analysis, and modeling. The language's clean syntax and dynamic typing facilitated rapid
development and experimentation with algorithms and data structures.
Python's strengths in handling data and its adaptability for different tasks made it an
invaluable asset in conducting data-driven analysis, creating machine learning models, and
deploying solutions to address real-world challenges.

3.2 Data Structures:

Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA) form the foundation of computer science and play
a critical role in solving complex computational problems efficiently. Data structures are
containers used to store and organize data, while algorithms are step-by-step procedures for
performing specific tasks. Understanding DSA is essential for optimizing code, improving
efficiency, and solving a variety of computational challenges.
During this internship, a strong grasp of DSA principles was essential for several reasons:
Data Manipulation: Effective data manipulation often requires choosing the appropriate data
structures, such as arrays, lists, dictionaries, or trees, depending on the problem at hand.
Search and Retrieval: Algorithms like binary search and hash tables are fundamental for
searching and retrieving data efficiently.
Sorting: Sorting algorithms, such as quicksort or merge sort, are crucial for organizing data for
analysis or presentation.

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Graph Algorithms: Graph-based problems, including network analysis or recommendation
systems, rely on graph traversal and related algorithms.
Optimization: Understanding algorithmic complexity and optimization techniques is essential
for improving the performance of data science and machine learning models.
Time and Space Complexity Analysis: Evaluating the efficiency of code and algorithms is critical
for scaling solutions to handle large datasets or real-time processing.
The internship provided opportunities to apply DSA knowledge in practical scenarios,
enhancing problem-solving skills, optimizing code performance, and making informed decisions
when selecting data structures and algorithms for specific tasks.
This brief description outlines the significance of Python programming and DSA in the
context of the internship, emphasizing their roles in data-driven analysis, machine learning, and
efficient problem-solving. It highlights the practical applications of these skills in addressing real-
world challenges during the internship.

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 CHAPTER 4 OUTCOMES
Learning Python programming along with Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA) can lead
to a wide range of valuable outcomes, both in terms of your skills and your ability to tackle
complex computational problems. Here are some of the key outcomes you can expect from
learning Python programming with DSA:
Strong Problem-Solving Skills: DSA helps you develop a structured approach to problemsolving.
You learn how to break down complex problems into smaller, more manageable components
and apply algorithmic thinking to find efficient solutions. Python provides a flexible and
expressive language to implement these solutions.
Efficient Code Writing: Learning DSA in Python helps you write code that is not only correct but
also efficient. You gain insights into time and space complexity, enabling you to choose the right
data structures and algorithms for the task at hand.
Data Manipulation Proficiency: Python's libraries, such as NumPy and pandas, are extensively
used in data science and analytics. By mastering DSA in Python, you become proficient in data
manipulation, transformation, and analysis, which are crucial skills in various industries.
Versatility: Python is a versatile language with applications in web development, scientific
computing, data analysis, machine learning, and more. Combining Python with DSA opens up a
wide range of career opportunities and allows you to work on diverse projects.
Competitive Edge: In the job market, having expertise in both Python and DSA is highly sought
after. It sets you apart from other candidates and makes you a valuable asset to organizations
looking to solve complex problems efficiently.
Machine Learning and AI: Python is the de facto language for machine learning and artificial
intelligence. Understanding DSA in Python is crucial for developing and optimizing machine
learning models, which are in high demand across industries.
Research and Innovation: DSA knowledge allows you to delve into cutting-edge research and
innovation in computer science. You can contribute to solving challenging problems and
advancing the field with Python as your tool of choice.
Personal Growth: Learning Python programming with DSA is intellectually rewarding. It
sharpens your analytical thinking and problem-solving abilities, making you a more versatile and
effective programmer.

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In summary, combining Python programming with DSA learning equips you with a powerful skill
set that is highly relevant in today's technology-driven world. It empowers you to tackle complex
challenges, work on exciting projects, and stand out in the competitive job market. Whether
you're pursuing a career in data science, software engineering, or any tech-related field, this
combination of skills can significantly enhance your capabilities and career prospects.

CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY
Learning Python programming with Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA) is a valuable
and versatile skill set that equips individuals with the tools to solve complex computational
problems efficiently. This summary provides an overview of the key takeaways and benefits of
this combined learning experience:
Problem-Solving Proficiency: Learning DSA enhances problem-solving skills by teaching a
structured approach to breaking down complex problems into manageable components and
applying algorithmic thinking to find efficient solutions.
Efficiency in Code Writing: Combining Python with DSA helps developers write code that is not
only correct but also efficient. Understanding time and space complexity aids in choosing the
right data structures and algorithms for optimal performance.
Data Manipulation Mastery: Python, with libraries like NumPy and pandas, is widely used in
data science and analytics. Learning DSA in Python enables proficiency in data manipulation,
transformation, and analysis—a critical skill in various industries.
Versatility: Python is a versatile language applicable in web development, scientific computing,
data analysis, machine learning, and more. Proficiency in Python and DSA opens up diverse
career opportunities and project possibilities.
Competitive Edge: Expertise in both Python and DSA is highly sought after in the job market. It
distinguishes individuals and makes them valuable assets to organizations seeking efficient
problem solvers.
In conclusion, the combination of Python programming and DSA learning empowers
individuals with a potent skill set that is highly relevant in today's technology-driven world. It
enables them to tackle complex challenges, engage in exciting projects, and stand out in the
competitive job market. Whether pursuing a career in data science, software engineering, or any
tech-related field, this combined knowledge significantly enhances capabilities and career
prospects.

References:
1. ChatGPT
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2. YBI Foundation

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