2-TOEFL-Structure Skills

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net
Compiled by: Jihad Nassar

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TOEFL (PBT)
About TOEFL (PBT) Skills

✓ Score: Start (20 to 68) or (217 to 677)
2) Structure Skills
(60 Skills)
1) Listening Skills 3) Reading Skills
(13 Skills)
(27 Skills) • 25 Minutes.
• 35 Minutes.
• 2 Parts (√ - X) • 55 Minutes
• 3 Parts (A & B & C) • 40 Questions • 5 Passages
• • 50 Questions
•
50 Questions
Score: Strat (24 to 68)
• Score: Strat (20 to 68) • Score: Strat (24 to 67)
✓How to collect your Score =

68 + 68 + 67 = 203
Compiled by: Jihad Nassar 203 / 3 = 67.7
67.7 x 10 = 677
2) About Structure Skills (60 Skills)

✓ Score: Strat (20 to 68)
Part (1) Part (2)
• First Part (Choose (√) Correct) • First Part (Choose (X) incorrect)
• 15 Questions • 25 Questions









Basic Sentences
The boy walks to school.

SUBJECT VERB
CLAUSE

SKILL 1: BE SURE THE SENTENCE HAS

A SUBJECT AND A VERB
The most common type of problems are:
1. The sentence has NO SUBJECT
2. The sentence has NO VERB
3. The sentence has an EXTRA SUBJECT
4. The sentence has an EXTRA VERB

SENTENCES WITH ONE CLAUSE
SKILL 1:
◼ BE SURE THE SENTENCE HAS

A SUBJECT AND A VERB

WHICH IS CORRECT?
?
______ was backed up for miles on the freeway.
(A) Yesterday
SUBJECT VERB
(B) In the morning
SUBJECT (C) Traffic
(D) Cars

SKILL 2:
◼ BE CAREFUL OF OBJECTS OF
PREPOSITIONS

SKILL 2: BE CAREFUL OF OBJECTS OF PREPOSITIONS
◼ A preposition is followed by a noun or pronoun
that is called an OBJECT of the preposition.
◼ If a word is an object of a preposition, it is
NOT the subject.

WHICH IS CORRECT?
OBJECT
? found the
With his friend _____
movie theater. VERB
PREPOSITION (A) has
SUBJECT (B) he
(C) later
(D) when

SKILL 3:
◼ BE CAREFUL OF APPOSITIVES

SKILL 3: BE CAREFUL OF APPOSITIVES

◼ An appositive is a noun that comes before or after
another noun and is set off from the noun with
commas.
◼ If a word is an appositive, it is NOT the subject.

WHICH IS CORRECT?
APPOSITIVE
? , George, is attending the

_____
lecture. (A) Right now
VERB
(B) Happily
(C) Because of the time
SUBJECT (D) My friend

SKILL 4:
◼ BE CAREFUL OF PRESENT
PARTICIPLES

SKILL 4: BE CAREFUL OF PRESENT PARTICIPLES
◼ A present participle is the -ing form of the
verb.
◼ It can be: 1. a part of the verb

◼ 2. an adjective

ADJECTIVE or PART OF VERB?
◼ The boy is standing in the corner.

(PART OF A VERB)
◼ The boy standing in the corner was naughty.
(ADJECTIVE)

WHICH IS CORRECT?
PRESENT PARTICIPLE ADJECTIVE
? playing in the yard is my son.

The child _____
(A) now
SUBJECT VERB
(B) is
(C) he
(D) was

SKILL 5:
•BE CAREFUL OF PAST PARTICIPLES

SKILL 5: BE CAREFUL OF PAST PARTICIPLES
• A past participle ends in -ed but there are also
many irregular verbs.
• The –ed form can be:
• 1. a simple past
• 2. an adjective
• 3. the past participle of the verb

SKILL 5: BE CAREFUL OF PAST PARTICIPLES
• She painted the picture.
Simple Past
• She has painted the picture.
• The
Past picture
Participlepainted by Caren is now in a museum.
Adjective

STRUCTURE
SKILLS 6 - 8
SENTENCES WITH MULTIPLE CLAUSES

SKILL 6:
USE COORDINATE
◼
CONNECTORS CORRECTLY

COORDINATE CONNECTORS
• One way to connect two clauses in an English

sentence is to use a coordinate connector.
◼ Examples of ‘Coordinate Connector’ are:
and but or yet so

Tom is singing, and Paul is dancing.
CLAUSE 1 CLAUSE 2
COORDINATE
CONNECTOR

WHICH IS CORRECT?
A power failure occurred, _____? the

lamps went out.
CLAUSE 1
(A) then CLAUSE 2
CONNECTOR
(B) so
(C) later
(D) next
SKILL 7:
◼ USE ADVERB TIME AND

CAUSE CONNECTORS
CORRECTLY
SKILL 7: USE ADVERB TIME AND CAUSE CONNECTORS CORRECTLY
• There are two basic patterns for the adverb clauses:
1. The connector comes in the middle.
Example:
Teresa went inside because it was raining.

DO NOT use comma.
2. The connector comes at the beginning.
Example:
Because it was raining, Teresa went inside.

MUST use comma to separate the two clauses.
EXAMPLE
beforeyou leave.
I will sign the check ______
ADVERB TIME
CONNECTOR
CLAUSE 1 CLAUSE 2
(ADVERB
TIME
CLAUSE)

WHICH IS CORRECT?
? was late, I missed the

_____
appointment.
(A) I
(B) Because
(C) The train
CONNECTOR
+ (D) Since he
SUBJECT
SKILL 8:
◼ USE OTHER ADVERB


EXAMPLE
ADVERB
CONDITION
CONNECTOR
I will leave at 7:00 I amifready.
CLAUSE 1 CLAUSE 2

WHICH IS CORRECT?
You will get a good grade on the exam

provided _____. ?
(A) studying
(B) study
(C) to study
SUBJECT
CLAUSE + (D) you study
VERB
SKILL 9:
USE NOUN CLAUSE

◼

SKILL 9: USE NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTORS CORRECTLY
• A noun clause functions as a noun.

• It is used as either:
1. An object of a verb
2. An object of a preposition
3. The subject of the sentence

CLAUSE 1 CLAUSE 2
I know he will arrive.

NOUN CLAUSE
CONNECTOR
when
NOUN CLAUSE AS OBJECT OF VERB ‘KNOW’

CLAUSE 1 CLAUSE 2
I’m concerned about he will arrive.

NOUN CLAUSE
CONNECTOR
when
NOUN CLAUSE AS OBJECT OF PREPOSITION ‘ABOUT’

CLAUSE 1
when he will arrive is not important.

NOUN CLAUSE AS SUBJECT VERB
CLAUSE 2

WHICH IS CORRECT?
? was late caused many

_____
problems.
CLAUSE 1 CLAUSE 2
CONNECTOR
+
(A) That he
SUBJECT
(B) The driver
(C) There
(D) Because
SKILL 10:
USE NOUN CLAUSE

◼
CONNECTORS/SUBJECTS
CORRECTLY
SKILL 10: USE NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTORS/SUBJECTS CORRECTLY
◼ NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTOR/SUBJECTS:
who what which
whoever whatever whichever

CLAUSE 1
Whoever is coming to the party must bring a gift.
NOUN CLAUSE AS SUBJECT VERB

CLAUSE 2

NOUN CLAUSE AS
OBJECT
OF VERB ‘KNOW’
CLAUSE 1 CLAUSE 2
I do not know what is in the box.
CONNECTOR SUBJECT

CLAUSE 1
We are concerned about who will do the work.
NOUN CLAUSE AS OBJECT OF PREPOSITION ‘ABOUT’

WHICH IS CORRECT?
? was on television made me

_____
angry.
CLAUSE 1 CLAUSE 2
(A) It
(B) The story
CONNECTOR
+
(C) What
SUBJECT
(D) When
SKILL 11:
◼USE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE


SKILL 11: USE AJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTORS CORRECTLY
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTOR
CLAUSE 1 CLAUSE 2
The woman is filling the glass that she put on the table.
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
describing ‘glass’

◼ The adjective connectors can be omitted.
◼ This omission in very common in spoken

English or in casual written English.
◼ It is not common in formal English or in

the structure section of the TOEFL test.

Adjective Clause
S. V. Adjective Connector S. V.
I liked the book which you recommended.

OR
S. Adjective Connector S. V. V.
The book which you recommended was interesting.

WHICH IS CORRECT?
? selected for the bride

The gift _____
was rather expensive.
(A) because
(B) was
(C) since
CONNECTOR
+
(D) which we
SUBJECT
SKILL 12:
◼ USE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

CONNECTORS/SUBJECTS
CORRECTLY
SKILL 12: USE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

CONNECTORS/SUBJECTS CORRECTLY
ADJECTIVE
CLAUSE
Describing
‘the glass’
CLAUSE 1 CLAUSE 2
The woman is filling the glass that is on the table.
CONNECTOR SUBJECT

WHICH IS CORRECT?
? is on the table has four

_____
sections.
SUBJECT (A) The notebook

CONNECTOR
+
(B) The notebook which
/SUBJECT
(C) Because the notebook
(D) In the notebook
STRUCTURE
SKILLS 13 - 14

SKILL 13:
◼ USE REDUCED ADJECTIVE

CLAUSES CORRECTLY

SKILL 13: USE REDUCED ADJECTIVE CLAUSES CORRECTLY
• In the reduced form, the adjective clause connector and

the be-verb that directly follows it are omitted.
• When there is no be-verb, the connector is omitted and

the verb is changed into the –ing form.

• The adjective clause can be reduced ONLY IF the verb
follows the connector directly (i.e.: if the connector is also a
subject).
Example:
The woman that I just met is the tour guide. (doesn’t reduce)
The letter which you sent me arrived yesterday. (doesn’t reduce)

The woman who is waving to us is the tour guide.
The letter which was written last week arrived today.
The pitcher that is on the table is full of iced tea.

I like the article which appearing

appears in today’s paper.

The White House, which is located in Washington, is the home of the president.
The White House, located in Washington, is the home of the president.
Located in Washington, the White House is the home of the president.

WHICH IS CORRECT?
? on several different television programs, the

_____
witness gave conflicting accounts of what had
happened.
(A) He appeared
(B) Who appeared
(C) Appearing
(D) Appears
SKILL 14:
◼ USE REDUCED ADVERB CLAUSES

CORRECTLY

SKILL 14: USE REDUCED ADVERB CLAUSES CORRECTLY
• In the reduced adverb clause, the adverb connector remains
but the subject and be-verb are omitted.
EXAMPLE
Although he is rather unwell, the speaker will give the speech.

• If there is no be-verb in the adverb clause, the subject is omitted
and the main verb is changed into the –ing form.
EXAMPLE
Although he feels rather sick, the speaker will give the speech.
Although feeling rather sick, the speaker will give the speech.
• Not all adverb clauses can appear in a reduced form.
• A number of adverb clauses can ONLY be reduced IF the verb is in the PASSIVE form.
EXAMPLE
Once you submit your thesis, you will graduate.
(Active - doesn’t reduce)
Once It is submitted, your thesis will be reviewed.

(Passive - does reduce)
Once submitted, your thesis will be reviewed.
WHICH IS CORRECT?
? you are free to leave.

When _____,
(A) the finished report

(B) finished with the report
(C) the report
(D) is the report finished
STRUCTURE
SKILLS 15 - 19

STRUCTURE
SENTENCES WITH
INVERTED SUBJECTS AND
VERBS
SENTENCES WITH INVERTED SUBJECTS AND VERBS
• Subjects and verbs are inverted in different situations.

• The inverted subject and verb occur most often in the
questions formation.
With helping verb
Statement He can go to the movies.
Question Can he go to the movies?
Without helping verb

Statement He goes to the movies.
Question Does he go to the movies?

SENTENCES WITH INVERTED SUBJECTS AND VERBS
• The most common problems with inverted subjects and verbs

occur in the following situations.
1. With question words

2. After some place expressions
3. After negative expressions
4. In some conditionals
5. After some comparisons.

SENTENCES WITH INVERTED

SUBJECTS AND VERBS
SKILL 15:
◼ INVERT THE SUBJECT AND VERB

WITH QUESTION WORDS

SKILL 15: INVERT THE SUBJECT AND VERB WITH

QUESTION WORDS
• When the question word introduces a question, the subject and
verb are INVERTED.
EXAMPLE
What are they doing?
Question word V. S.
◼ When the question word connects two clauses, the subject and
verb that follow are NOT INVERTED.
EXAMPLE
I know What they are doing.
S. V. Question word S. V.
WHICH IS CORRECT?
The lawyer asked the client why _____?

it.
(A) did he do
(B) did he
(C) he did
(D) did

SUBJECTS AND VERBS
SKILL 16:

WITH PLACE EXPRESSIONS


PLACE EXPRESSIONS
• When a place expression at the front of the sentence is necessary
to complete it, the subject and verb that follow are INVERTED.
EXAMPLE
In the classroom were some old desks.
PLACE (necessary) V. S.
◼ When a place expression at the front of the sentence contains extra
information that is not needed to complete it, the subject and verb
that follow are NOT INVERTED.
EXAMPLE
In the classroom, I studied very hard.
PLACE (extra) S. V.
WHICH IS CORRECT?
On the second level of the parking lot _____ ?

.
(A) is empty
(B) are empty
(C) some empty stalls are
(D) are some empty stalls

SUBJECTS AND VERBS
SKILL 17:

WITH NEGATIVES

SKILL 17: INVERT THE SUBJECT AND VERB WITH NEGATIVES
• Negative Expressions:
no not never neither nor
barely hardly only rarely scarcely seldom

SKILL 17: INVERT THE SUBJECT AND VERB WITH NEGATIVES
• When a negative expression appears in front of a subject and verb

(at the beginning of a sentence or in the middle of a sentence), the
subject and verb are INVERTED.
EXAMPLE
Rarely were they so happy.
Negative Expression V. S.

WHICH IS CORRECT?
Only in extremely dangerous situations _____

stopped.
?
(A) will be the printing presses

(B) the printing presses will be
(C) that the printing presses will be
(D) will the printing presses be

SUBJECTS AND VERBS
SKILL 18:

WITH CONDITIONALS


CONDITIONALS
• When the verb in the conditional clause is HAD, SHOULD, or

WERE, it is possible to omit IF and invert the subject and verb
EXAMPLE
(Omitted IF) were he here, he would help.
V. S.
◼ It is also possible to keep IF. Then the subject and verb are NOT
INVERTED.
EXAMPLE
If he were here, he would help.
(IF) S. V.
WHICH IS CORRECT?
The report would have been accepted _____ ?

in checking its accuracy.
(A) if more care

(B) more care had been taken
(C) had taken more care
(D) had more care been taken

SUBJECTS AND VERBS
SKILL 19:

WITH COMPARISONS

WHICH IS CORRECT?
The results of the current experiment appear to be

? of any
more consistent than _____ the results
previous tests.
(A) them
(B) were
(C) they were
(D) were they

COMPARISONS
• The subject and verb may invert after a comparison. The following
structures are possible:
STRUCTURE 1
we were more prepared than the other performers were.
S. V. (COMPARISON) S. V.
STRUCTURE 2
we were more prepared than were the other performers.
S. V. (COMPARISON) V. S.
THE WRITTEN EXPRESSION QUESTIONS
PROBLEMS WITH
SUBJECT/VERB AGREEMENT

THE RULE
If…
Subject Singular then, Verb Singular
Subject Plural then, Verb Plural

Correct or Incorrect? Why?
The boy walk to school.

(INCORRECT)
The boys walk to school.

(CORRECT)

The boy walk s to school.
The boys walk to school.

SKILL 20
◼MAKE VERBS AGREE AFTER PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES

SUBJECT/VERB AGREEMENT WITH PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
S
PREPOSITION + NOUN V
(PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE)
When a prepositional phrase comes between the subject
and the verb, be sure that the verb agrees with the subject.

*are in the drawer.

The key (to the doors)*are
(INCORRECT)
SINGULAR PLURAL
The key (to the doors) is in the drawer.

(CORRECT)

The keys (to the door) is in the drawer.

(INCORRECT)
PLURAL SINGULAR
The keys (to the door)are in the drawer.

(CORRECT)

SKILL 21
◼MAKE VERBS AGREE AFTER EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY

SUBJECT/VERB AGREEMENT AFTER

EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY
all
most
some “OF” + NOUN V
(OBJECT)
half
When an (expression of quantity) is the subject, the verb
agrees with the object.

All (of
of the book)
book was interesting.
(CORRECT)
SINGULAR SINGULAR SINGULAR
All (of
of the books)
books were interesting.
(CORRECT)
PLURAL PLURAL PLURAL
All (of
of the information)
information was interesting.
(CORRECT)
SINGULAR UNCOUNTABLE SINGULAR

SKILL 22
◼ MAKE INVERTED VERBS AGREE

SUBJECT/VERB AGREEMENT WITH

INVERTED VERBS
question
negative
place S V
comparison
After questions words, negative expressions, place expressions,
conditions without “if”, and comparisons, the verb agrees with
the subject, which may be AFTER the verb.

(Behind the house) was the bicycles I wanted.

SINGULAR PLURAL (INCORRECT)
Behind the house were the bicycles I wanted.

(Behind the houses) were the bicycle I wanted.

(INCORRECT)
PLURAL SINGULAR
Behind the houses was the bicycle I wanted.

SKILL 23
◼ MAKE VERBS AGREE AFTER
CERTAIN WORDS

SUBJECT/ VERB AGREEMENT AFTER

CERTAIN WORDS
anybody everybody nobody somebody each + noun

anyone everyone no one someone every + noun
anything everything nothing something
These words or expressions are grammatically singular, so
they take singular verbs.

Everybody are going to the theater.
Everybody is going to the theater.

(CORRECT)

Someone have the flu.
Someone has the flu.

(CORRECT)

PROBLEMS WITH
PARALLEL STRUCTURE

I like to sing and dancing.

(INCORRECT)
I like to sing and to dance.

(CORRECT)
I like singing and dancing.

(CORRECT)

SKILL 24
◼USE PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS

THE RULE
and
Same Structure but Same Structure.
or
and
Same Structure , Same Structure , but Same Structure.
or

EXAMPLES
I need to talk to the manager or the

assistant manager.
NOUN NOUN
He eats and sleeps only when he takes a

vacation.
VERB VERB

EXAMPLES
The exam that he gave was short but

difficult.
ADJECTIVE ADJECTIVE
The papers are on my desk or in the drawer.
PHRASE PHRASE

EXAMPLES
They are not interested in what you say

or what you do.
Connector
Connector
Sub.
Sub.
Verb
Verb

SKILL 25
◼USE PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH PAIRED CONJUNCTIONS

THE RULE
both and
either or
neither Same Structure nor Same Structure
not only but also

EXAMPLES
I know both where you went and what

you did.
Either Mark or Sue has the book.

The tickets are neither in my pocket nor
in my purse.
He is not only an excellent student but
also an outstanding athlete.

He wants either to go by train or by

plane. (INCORRECT)
He wants either to go by train or to go

by plane.
He wants to go either by train or by
plane.
He wants to go by either train or plane.

I want both this book *or that one.

(INCORRECT)
I want both this book and that one.
Either Sam *nor Sue is taking the course

(INCORRECT)
Either Sam or Sue is taking the course.

SKILL 26
◼USE PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH COMPARISONS

THE RULE
more … than
-er … than
less … than
Same Structure Same Structure
as … as
the same … as
similar to

EXAMPLES
My school is farther than your school.
To be rich is better than to be poor.
What is written is more easily understood

than what is spoken.

EXAMPLES
Their car is as big as a small house.
Renting those apartments costs about

the same as leasing them.
The work that I did is similar to the work

that you did.

PROBLEMS WITH
COMPARATIVES and SUPERLATIVES

SKILL 27
◼FORM COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES CORRECTLY

THE RULE
COMPARATIVE:
(monosyllabic adj. + er)

(disyllabic adj. ending in Y+ier) +than
more (polysyllabic adj.)

THE RULE
SUPERLATIVE:
(monosyllabic adj. + est)

the (disyllabic adj. ending in Y+ iest)
most (polysyllabic adj.)

COMPARATIVES
Bob is taller than Ron.
Monosyllabic Adj.
English is easier than Chinese.
Disyllabic Adj. ending in Y

COMPARATIVES
Sally is more beautiful than Sharon.
Polysyllabic Adj.

SUPERLATIVES
Bob is the tallest man in the room.
Monosyllabic Adj. Place
English is the easiest language to learn.
Disyllabic Adj. ending in Y Verb

SUPERLATIVES
Sally is the most beautiful of all the

women at the party.
People Polysyllabic Adj.

SUPERLATIVES
The spider over there is the largest one

that I have ever seen.
Clause
The fastest runner wins the race.

(no in, to, of, or that)

SKILL 28
◼ USE COMPARATIVES AND
SUPERLATIVES CORRECTLY

EXAMPLES
The history class is larger than the math class.
Two equal things
The history class is the largest in the school.
The most outstanding

SKILL 29
◼USE THE IRREGULAR –ER, -ER STRUCTURE CORRECTLY

EXAMPLES
The harder he tried, the further he fell behind.
Clause Clause
The greater the experience, the higher the salary.
Noun Noun

THE RULE
-er -er
The Same Structure, the more Same Structure.
more

STRUCTURE
SKILLS 30 - 32

Problems with the form

of the verb
SKILL 30:
◼ After have , use the past

participle

Problems with the form of the verb
have
has
Past Participle
having (---ed)/ irregular
had


of the verb
SKILL 31:
◼ After be, use the present

participle or past participle

Problems with the form of the verb
am
is
are
was
Present Participle
were (---ing)
be Past Participle
(---ed)/ irregular
been
being

of the verb
SKILL 32:
◼ After a modal, use the base

form of the verb

Problems with the form of

the verb
Will
Would
Shall
Should
Can
Could Base Form of Verb
May
Might
Must
Have to
Has to
Had to
STRUCTURE
SKILLS 33- 36

Problems with the use

of the verb
SKILL 33:
◼ Know when to use the past

with the present

Problems with the use of the verb
He took the money when he *wants it.

He took the money when he wanted it.

He takes the money when he wants it.

I know that he took the money yesterday.


of the verb
SKILL 34:
◼ Use have and had correctly


of the verb
SKILL 35:
◼ Use the correct tense with

the time expressions


of the verb
Past Perfect Simple Past Present Perfect
By (1920) (two years) ago Since (1920)
Last (year) lately
In (1920) recently


of the verb
SKILL 36:
◼ Use the correct tense with

Will and Would


of the verb

‫‪: support@hlacademy.net‬‬ ‫‪: +201090938332‬‬ ‫‪: www.hlacademy.net‬‬
‫ملحوظة هذه المعلومات السابقة مجمعة من‬

‫ملفات الشرح التي يتم شرح مهارات الجرامر‬
‫في مركز اللغات والترجمة بجامعة القاهرة‬
‫_______________________‬
‫شكرا لكل الدكاترة وكل شخص ساعد فيه‬
‫ً‬
‫‪Compiled by: Jihad Nassar‬‬

Structure Skills

Skill (37 to 38)
More Problem with Passive Verbs

Skill 37
“Use The Correct from of the Passive”
: )37( ‫املهارة‬
"‫“اس تخدم السلبيات بطريقة حصيحة‬

Skill 38
“Recognize Active And Passive Meanings” : )38( ‫املهارة‬
"‫تعرف عىل املعاين املبارشة وغري املبارشة‬

Structure Skills

Skill (39 to 42)
More Problem with Nouns

Skill 39
“Use The Correct Singular or Plural Noun”
"‫“اس تخدم الامس املفرد وامجلع بطريقة حصيحة‬

Skill 40
“Distinguish Countable AND Uncountable Nouns” : )40( ‫املهارة‬
"‫تعرف عىل املعاين املبارشة وغري املبارشة‬

Skill 41 : )41( ‫املهارة‬
“Recognize Irregular Plurals of Nouns”
"‫تعرف عىل صيغ ا ألسامء غري املنتظمة‬

Skill 41 : )41( ‫املهارة‬
“Recognize Irregular Plurals of Nouns”
"‫تعرف عىل صيغ ا ألسامء غري املنتظمة‬

Skill 42
“Distinguish The Person from The Thing” : )42( ‫املهارة‬
"‫" ّ زمِي ا ألشخاص عن ا ألش ياء‬

Structure Skills

Skill (43 to 45)
More Problem with Pronouns

Skill 43
“Distinguish Subject AND Object Pronouns” : )43( ‫املهارة‬
"‫"ميِي بني ضامئر الفاعل وضامئر املفعول‬

Skill 44
“Distinguish Possessive Adjectives” : )44( ‫املهارة‬
"‫"ميِي بصفات امللكية‬

Skill 45
“Check Pronoun Reference For Agreement” : )45( ‫املهارة‬
"‫"حتقق من اتفاق الضامئر‬

Structure Skills

Skill (46 to 48)
More Problem with Adjectives And Adverbs

Skill 46
“Use Basic Adjectives And Adverbs Correctly” : )46( ‫املهارة‬
"‫"اس تخدم الصفات ا ألساس ية والظروف بشلك حصيح‬

Skill 47
“Use Adjectives After Linking Verbs” : )47( ‫املهارة‬
"‫"اس تخدام الصفات بعد أأفعال الربط‬

Skill 48
“Position Adjectives And Adverbs Correctly” : )48( ‫املهارة‬
"‫"اس تخدم الصفات والظروف بشلك حصيح‬

Structure Skills

Skill (49 to 55)
More Problem with Adjectives

Skill 49
“Recognize -Ly Adjectives”
‫تعرف عىل الصفات‬
َّ

Skill 50
“Use Predicate Adjectives Correctly” : )50( ‫املهارة‬
‫اس تخدام الصفات املس ندة بشلك حصيح‬

Skill 51
“Use -ed And -ing Adjectives correctly”
‫– بشلك حصيح‬Ed & -Ing ‫اس تخدام الصفات اليت حتتوي عىل‬

Structure Skills

Skill (52 to 55)
Problems with Articles

Skill 52
“Use Articles With Singular Nouns”
‫اس تخدام أأدوات التعريف مع ا ألسامء املفرد‬

Skill 53
“Distinguish A and An” : )53( ‫املهارة‬
A & An ‫َم ّ زـِي بني‬

Skill 54
“Make Articles Agree With Nouns ”
‫اجعل أأدوات التعريف تتفق مع ا ألسامء‬

Skill 55
“Distinguish Specific And General Ideas”
")‫" َميـّزــز ا ألفاكر احملددة والعامة (التعريف والنكرة‬

Structure Skills

Skill (56 to 57)
Problems with Prepositions

Skill 56
“Recognize Incorrect Prepositions”
"‫"تعرف عىل حروف اجلر غري الصحيحة‬

Skill 57
“Recognize With Prepositions Have been Omitted
"‫"تعرف عىل حروف اجلر اليت تـم حذفها‬

Structure Skills

Skill (58 to 60)
Problems with Usage

Skill 58
“Distinguish Make & DO” : )58( ‫املهارة‬
"Make & Do ‫"مِي لكمة‬

Skill 59
“Distinguish Like, Alike, Unlike”
"Like, Alike, Unlike ‫" َم ّيزــز بني‬

Skill 60
“Distinguish Other, Another, Others”
"Other, Another, Others ‫" َم ّيزــز بني‬

Structure Skills

Thanks for Joining
My Regards ☺

2-TOEFL-Structure Skills

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: support@hlacademy.net : +201090938332 : www.hlacademy.

Compiled by: Jihad Nassar

About TOEFL (PBT) Skills

✓How to collect your Score =

2) About Structure Skills (60 Skills)

Part (1) Part (2)

Compiled by: Jihad Nassar

2) About Structure Skills (60 Skills)

Compiled by: Jihad Nassar

2) About Structure Skills (60 Skills)

Compiled by: Jihad Nassar

2) About Structure Skills (60 Skills)

Compiled by: Jihad Nassar

2) About Structure Skills (60 Skills)

Compiled by: Jihad Nassar

2) About Structure Skills (60 Skills)

The boy walks to school.

Compiled by: Jihad Nassar

2) About Structure Skills (60 Skills)

SKILL 1: BE SURE THE SENTENCE HAS

1. The sentence has NO SUBJECT

2. The sentence has NO VERB

3. The sentence has an EXTRA SUBJECT

4. The sentence has an EXTRA VERB

Compiled by: Jihad Nassar

2) About Structure Skills (60 Skills)

SENTENCES WITH ONE CLAUSE

◼ BE SURE THE SENTENCE HAS

Compiled by: Jihad Nassar

2) About Structure Skills (60 Skills)

(B) In the morning

SUBJECT (C) Traffic

Compiled by: Jihad Nassar

2) About Structure Skills (60 Skills)

SENTENCES WITH ONE CLAUSE

Compiled by: Jihad Nassar

2) About Structure Skills (60 Skills)

SKILL 2: BE CAREFUL OF OBJECTS OF PREPOSITIONS

◼ A preposition is followed by a noun or pronoun

that is called an OBJECT of the preposition.

◼ If a word is an object of a preposition, it is

NOT the subject.

Compiled by: Jihad Nassar

2) About Structure Skills (60 Skills)

Compiled by: Jihad Nassar

2) About Structure Skills (60 Skills)

SENTENCES WITH ONE CLAUSE

Compiled by: Jihad Nassar

2) About Structure Skills (60 Skills)

SKILL 3: BE CAREFUL OF APPOSITIVES

another noun and is set off from the noun with

◼ If a word is an appositive, it is NOT the subject.

Compiled by: Jihad Nassar

2) About Structure Skills (60 Skills)

? , George, is attending the

Compiled by: Jihad Nassar

2) About Structure Skills (60 Skills)

SENTENCES WITH ONE CLAUSE

Compiled by: Jihad Nassar

2) About Structure Skills (60 Skills)

SKILL 4: BE CAREFUL OF PRESENT PARTICIPLES

◼ A present participle is the -ing form of the

◼ It can be: 1. a part of the verb