URINARY TRACT INFECTION

ETIOLOGY:
Candida
- Entry of microorganism

Risk Factors

Modifiable Non-Modifiable

• Poor hygiene • A previous UTI

• Sexual Activity • Immunocompromised individuals
• Wiping the Wrong Way • Prepubescent children
• Patients with urinary catheter • Individuals with a history of diabetes
• Pregnancy mellitus
• Post-menopausal women.

Urinary System Reproductive System

COLONIZATION
• Pathogen colonizes the urethra and
ascends towards the bladder.
UROEPITHEIUM PENETRATION
• Pathogen penetrates bladder and
bacteria replicates, potentially forming
biofilms.
ASCENSION
• Bacteria ascends towards the kidneys
via the ureters.
PYELONEPHRITIS
• Infection of the renal parenchyma
causes an inflammatory response
called pyelonephritis.
VAGINA
• The invasion and reproduction of
pathogens from the vulva into the
vagina.
Pathogens infiltrate the urinary
and reproductive system,
resulting in preterm labor,
premature delivery, low birth
weight, and fetal loss. During the
delivery process, the infant may
become infected, which can lead
to health problems such as
meningitis and sepsis.

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY

• Bacteria continues to cascade up to
the kidneys, leading acute kidney
injury.
 Types of
Urinary Tract
Infection

Cystitis Urethritis Pyelonephritis

lower urinary upper urinary tract a bacterial
tract infection. infection. Infection infection causing
Infection of the of the ureters, inflammation of
urethra or renal pelvis or the kidneys.
bladder kidney.

Signs and Symptoms

Burning while Frequent urge Cloudy, red, pink

urinating Fever
to urinate or cola-colored
more often urine

Swelling and irritation An excess of white blood If a UTI is not treated

from the infection can
make urination
uncomfortable and
causes to feel the urge
to urinate more often.
cells used by the body to
fight a urinary tract
infection can also make
urine appear cloudy or
milky.
promptly, the bacteria can
travel up to the kidneys
and cause a more serious
type of infection which
may result in fever.