发动机排放试验手册 AT4044E r00 GEM301 EC 2011 UsersGuide

December 2011
AT4044E, Rev. 00
User´s Guide
AVL GEM301EC 2011

Global Emissions Manager - Emission Cycles
Emission Automation for Engine Testing With PUMA Open 2011
Copyright 2011 AVL List GmbH, Graz - Austria
The contents of this document may not be reproduced in any form or communicated to any third party without the
prior written consent of AVL. While every effort is made to ensure its correctness, AVL assumes no responsibility
neither for errors and omissions which may occur in this document nor for damage caused by them.
All mentioned trademarks or registered trademarks are owned by their respective owners.
All rights reserved.

3
Warnings and Safety Instructions

This manual contains important warnings and safety instructions to be
observed by the user.
The product described in this manual is intended for one specific area of applica-
tion which is defined in the instructions. The manual also explains the essential
requirements for the application and operation of the product as well as safety
precautions to ensure smooth operation. AVL can provide no guarantee or
accept any liability for applications other than those described in this manual or
for applications where the essential requirements and safety precautions are not
met.
The product may only be used and operated by qualified personnel capable of
observing the necessary safety precautions. All accessories and equipment
used with the product must be supplied or approved by AVL. The operating prin-
ciple of this product is such that the accuracy of the measurement results
depends not only on the correct operation and functioning of the product, but
also on a variety of peripheral conditions beyond the control of the manufacturer.
The results obtained from this product therefore must be examined by an expert
(e.g. for plausibility) before any action is taken that is based on the results.
When the product is in use, an expert must ensure that neither the test object nor
the testing equipment is operated under conditions that could lead to damage or
injury.
A trouble-free operation can only be ensured by strict compliance with the
prerequisites and safety precautions.
Script changes
NOTICE
Script changes can affect the runnability of the system!

Script changes may only be made by suitably trained staff in accordance with
AVL. Make a back-up copy of your files first!
Warnings and
Safety Instructions
Information
Follow the warnings and safety instructions of all involved components because
otherwise the safe operation of the whole system cannot be ensured!
GEM301EC is part of a complex system for test bench automation. Make sure
that all components can be operated safely. This includes both the test bench
components and connections and fittings as well as the control software.
This documentation covers only specific situations that may occur with the
involvement of GEM301EC in the system. For further instructions, refer to the
documentation for PUMA and Concerto and the manuals of the installed compo-
nents.
GEM301EC — User’s Guide

4
Test bench
CAUTION
Perform testruns only on checked systems and only with approved testruns.
Carefully check the test bench and the testruns prior to performing a
GEM301EC testrun.
The test bench must be functioning and safe also without integration of
GEM301EC. Verify whether manual measurements and calibrations can be
carried out on components of the PUMA Open system.
Pay particular attention to the parameterization of PUMA and the safety equip-
ment of the test bench.
Test bench
Make sure that the test bench door is closed during an automatic testrun and no
persons stay within the test bench. Check the functioning of the gas alarm
(CO/HC). Make sure that all safety devices are enabled before starting a testrun.
TCC
Be careful with the TCC settings! In particular, pay attention to the activation of
the CVS blower.
Information
Engine configuration
Verify whether the engine data, normnames and values have been correctly
entered in PUMA. The data is absolutely required for the Limit Monitoring!
Limits for oil
Check the stored limits for the monitoring of oil pressure/oil temperature in the
Limit Monitoring (SAL/GWA). Activate and check their monitoring.
Limits for cooling water
Check the stored limits for the monitoring of the cooling water temperature in the
Limit Monitoring (SAL/GWA). Activate and check their monitoring.
Maximum speed and torque
Check the stored limits for the monitoring of the maximum speed and torque in
the Limit Monitoring (SAL, GWA). Make sure that a warning is generated and the
engine is regulated automatically if the maximum values are exceeded.
Drive shaft
On a daily basis, check the drive shaft (locking of the drive shaft cover, fittings,
etc) and the shaft monitoring in PUMA Open (SAL/GWA).

5
Components
CAUTION
Check the correct connection and tightness of all connections for each of every
device that is used and the correct parameterization in PUMA Open and
measurements readiness (e.g. paper supplies, gas supplies, etc.).
In particular, check the following components before running an automatic
testrun (for detailed information, refer to the related device manual):
Particulate Sampler
Check the connections and filters of the devices (hoses, pipe connections,
valves, connectors). Loaded filters are toxic – handle them and dispose of them
accordingly!
Exhaust tract
Check especially the connection from the exhaust to CVS or house suction.
Use the CVS documentation to verify whether the connection type and the
blower fulfill the requirements.
Make sure that the exhaust bags have been connected properly and are func-
tioning trouble-free.
Be careful when handling diluted exhaust gas because it is inflammable!
Fuel equipment
Make sure that the specified fuel is used and has been set in the engine param-
eters. Check whether the correct fuel valves are actuated and whether fuel pres-
sure is built up.
Emission test bench
Prior to starting PUMA Open, make sure that the used emission test benches
are properly connected and ready for operation (gases connected, tightness
checked?).
Check whether the proper sampling points have been selected and the corre-
sponding lines connected before controlling the emission test bench. Check all
sampling points (even if they are not used).
Make no changes to the gas supplies during a testrun either.
CVS
Prior to starting PUMA Open, make sure that the used CVS is properly
connected and ready for operation (tightness checked with Leak Check, blower
started?).
The function of the blower must be checked regularly because a failure can
result in serious consequences (fire in the CVS).
Smart Sampler
Perform a leak check of the tunnel before the Smart Sampler is used for a
testrun. Check all sampling points (even if are not used).

6
Testruns
CAUTION
For some automatic testruns, checks must be carried out beforehand to ensure
a safe operation.
Testrun according to US 06:
This testrun is characterized by a very steep curve. Check engine and drive shaft
before the testrun and determine whether the engine is able to follow the drive
profile!
Testrun according to ECE R24
A free acceleration phase is part of this testrun. Run the validation part of the
testrun separately without dynamometer (drive shaft disconnected) first and
check the running of the engine.
Testruns according to ECE R49 and ECE ESC
After the first testrun, use the evaluation to check (GEM Offline) whether the step
times were kept before running any further testruns.
All testruns:
Only select a calibration of emission test bench(es) after the availability of the
related gases has been checked (span gas, zero gas, …).

Table Of Contents 7
Table Of Contents
Warnings and Safety Instructions................................................................................................................ 3
1 What You Should Know.................................................................................................. 11

1.1 Safety Instructions .................................................................................................................. 11
1.2 Contractual Use...................................................................................................................... 11
1.3 Product Version ...................................................................................................................... 12
1.4 Product-Specific Information .................................................................................................. 12
1.5 Comparison of iGEM Engine Standard with GEM301EC....................................................... 13
1.6 Scope of Application of the Emission Cycles ......................................................................... 14
1.7 About this Documentation ...................................................................................................... 15

1.7.1 Abbreviations .................................................................................................................... 16
1.7.2 Typographic Conventions ................................................................................................. 16
1.7.3 We Want to Hear from You............................................................................................... 17
2 Running a Test Cycle...................................................................................................... 19

2.1 Checks Before and During the Testrun .................................................................................. 20
2.2 Selecting a Testrun................................................................................................................. 21
2.3 The Result Storage Dialog ..................................................................................................... 22
2.4 The Engine Parameter Check Table Dialog ........................................................................... 23
2.5 Recording the Full Load Curve (HD only)............................................................................... 23
2.6 Starting the Testrun ................................................................................................................ 23
2.7 Canceling a Testrun ............................................................................................................... 23
2.8 Online Dialogs ........................................................................................................................ 24

2.8.1 Pre Test Dialog ................................................................................................................. 24
2.8.1.1 Tab: General Data ............................................................................................ 25
2.8.1.2 Tab: Engine Data.............................................................................................. 25
2.8.1.3 Tab: Fuel Data .................................................................................................. 27
2.8.1.4 Tab: Emission Devices ..................................................................................... 28
2.8.1.5 Tab: CVS/Full Flow PTS................................................................................... 29
2.8.1.6 Tab: Partial Flow PTS / Particlecounter............................................................ 31
2.8.1.7 Tab: Opacimeter / Smokemeter / Microsootsensor .......................................... 32
2.8.2 Test-Specific Dialogs ........................................................................................................ 33
2.8.2.1 ECE ESC (European Stationary Cycle)............................................................ 35
2.8.2.2 ECE ETC (European Transient Cycle) ............................................................. 36
2.8.2.3 ECE ELR (European Load Response) ............................................................. 36
2.8.2.4 ECE R49........................................................................................................... 37
2.8.2.5 ECE R24........................................................................................................... 38
2.8.2.6 ISO8178 Part 4 C1 ISO Modes ........................................................................ 39
2.8.2.7 ETC According to ISO 16183 ........................................................................... 39
2.8.2.8 EPA Smoke (EPA - CFR40 / Part86 Subpart I) ................................................ 40
2.8.2.9 EPA HDT (EPA - CFR40 / Part86 Subpart N or 1065) ..................................... 40

8 Table Of Contents
2.8.2.10 HDT According to ISO 16183............................................................................40

2.8.2.11 RMC (Ramped Modal Cycle) ............................................................................41
2.8.2.12 China 9 Mode (GB14762-2002) ........................................................................42
2.8.2.13 Japan Transient Cycle (JE05)...........................................................................42
2.8.2.14 Japan 13 Mode .................................................................................................42
2.8.2.15 Japan 4 Smoke .................................................................................................43
2.8.2.16 WHSC (World Harmonized Stationary Cycle)...................................................44
2.8.2.17 WHTC (World Harmonized Transient Cycle) ....................................................44
2.8.2.18 ECE NRSC (ECE Non Road Stationary Cycle) ................................................45
2.8.2.19 ECE NRTC (ECE Non Road Transient Cycle 1039).........................................45
2.8.2.20 EPA NRSC (EPA Non Road Stationary Cycle 1039 C1 8 Mode stationary).....46
2.8.2.21 EPA NRTC (EPA Non Road Transient Cycle) ..................................................46
2.8.2.22 Light Duty Test Cycles) .....................................................................................46
2.8.3 Online Window ..................................................................................................................47
2.8.3.1 Online Window for Transient Test Cycles .........................................................49
2.8.3.2 Online Window for Steady State Test Cycles ...................................................50
2.8.3.3 Online Window for Smoke Test Cycles.............................................................51
2.9 End Dialog .............................................................................................................................. 52
3 Calculation Window ........................................................................................................ 53
4 Generate a Test Report ................................................................................................... 57
5 Configuration Editor........................................................................................................ 61
5.1 Configuration Editor Groups ................................................................................................... 64
5.1.1 GEM GLOBAL SETTINGS................................................................................................64
5.1.2 MDV DEVICE SETTINGS .................................................................................................65
5.1.3 PARAMETER DEFINITION ..............................................................................................66
5.1.4 STORAGE DEFINITION ...................................................................................................67
6 Appendix .......................................................................................................................... 69
6.1 UUT Parameters..................................................................................................................... 69
6.2 Calculation Formulas.............................................................................................................. 70

6.2.1 Intro to Calculation Formulas ............................................................................................71
6.2.2 Structure of Onlinemass_Calculation - Formula Device:...................................................73
6.2.3 Normname Mapping (Part 1).............................................................................................75
6.2.4 Calculation Formulae (Part 2) ...........................................................................................76
6.2.5 Map Calculation Results onto Normnames (Part 3) ..........................................................77
6.3 EBH Parameters..................................................................................................................... 78

6.3.1 Delaytimes ........................................................................................................................78
6.3.2 Cutter FID, GCFID ............................................................................................................78
6.3.3 Dry to Wet Settings ...........................................................................................................79
6.3.4 THC Hang Up....................................................................................................................79

Table Of Contents 9
7 Glossary ........................................................................................................................... 81
Index.............................................................................................................................................................. 89

10 Table Of Contents

What You Should Know 11
1 What You Should Know

This documentation describes the application GEM301EC for the automated
measuring of exhaust gas for light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles on engine test
benches and the subsequent calculation of the data according to the legal regu-
lations of the relevant countries.
For information about the structure of the documentation, refer to section About
this Documentation on page 15.
1.1 Safety Instructions

This documentation contains important warnings and safety instructions
which have to be followed by the user. A trouble-free operation can only be
ensured by strict compliance with the prerequisites and safety precautions.
A summary of additional safety notes can be found at Warnings and Safety
Instructions on page 3, and once again in the descriptive text, where necessary.
Script changes
NOTICE

Script changes may only be made by suitably trained staff in accordance with
AVL. Make a back-up copy of your files first!
Warnings and
Safety Instructions
Information
Follow the warnings and safety instructions for all involved components because
otherwise the safe operation of the whole system cannot be ensured!
GEM301EC is part of a complex system for test bench automation. Make sure
that all components can be operated safely. This includes both the test bench
components and connections and fittings as well as the control software.
This documentation covers only specific situations that may occur with the
involvement of GEM301EC in the system. For further instructions, refer to the
documentation for PUMA and Concerto and the manuals of the installed compo-
nents.
1.2 Contractual Use

Applicability GEM301EC is intended for a specified scope of use described in this documen-
tation. For applications outside the described scope of use or in terms of
noncompliance to the required prerequisites and safety precautions, no warranty
and/or liability can be granted.
Personnel GEM301EC may only be used or operated by personnel who – due their qualifi-
cation – are able to keep to the safety precautions during use and operation.
Prerequisites are:
Application know-how for engine tests, particularly for automatic testruns on
dynamic, stationary and transient test benches under PUMA Open.
Application know-how about the corresponding statutory exhaust gas tests.

Experience in operating the PUMA system and the PUMA Open software.
Condition is a training in test bed risk management.
Knowledge about exhaust systems and the respective components to
ensure a safe integration and a trouble-free operation (e.g.: Emission Test
Systems, Opacimeter, Particulate Sampler, Smart Sampler, …)
Detailed knowledge about the safety devices of the test bench.
Accessories The system may only be operated with components which have been delivered
or approved by AVL.
Plausibility check As this is a product the measurement results of which do not only depend on its
own correct functioning, but also rely on various conditions, it is necessary that
the results delivered by the product are assessed (e.g. plausibility check) by an
expert before further actions are taken with regard to the delivered measurement
value.
Total test system When GEM301EC is used, it has to be ensured that the test bench is not set into
operating states which could damage property or put persons at risk.
1.3 Product Version
Product version AVL GEM301EC 2011

Internal version AVL GEM301EC 1.5.2
1.4 Product-Specific Information

GEM301EC stands for:
GEM means Global Emission Manager.
301 identifies the version of the engine test benches.
EC means Emission Cycles
The software controls the engine automatically via PUMA Open, according to the
selected testrun, and stores the data in the SANTORIN (ASAM-ODS) database.
A standardized report tool for evaluation of the emission data is included.
Fuel
Diesel and Gasoline Fuel are included as standard fuel within this package.
Other Fuels can be ordered in addition.
Supported Measurement Configurations
Diluted (modal diluted from CVS Tunnel) as well as raw measurement con-
figuration are supported with this package.
Particulate measurement from full flow (particulate sampler at CVS) as well
as partial flow is supported
Bag measurement, analyses and reporting
This extension can be ordered in addition for every test application except for HD
Stationary Testruns and following HD Smoke Testruns:
ECE ELR
ECE R24
EPA USS
JPN 4 Smoke

What’s new in The 2011 version is designed to work with PUMA Open 2011.
2011? There are three more devices available:
– AVL SESAM FTIR Version 4 / SESAM i60 FT
– AVL Particle Counter (AVL 489 including Add On Sampling)
– AVL Micro Soot Sensor (AVL 483)
EURO VI
1.5 Comparison of iGEM Engine Standard with GEM301EC
iGEM Engine GEM Emission Cycles

Pre Test Window for user flexible input of relevant test data YES YES (comprehensive)
Online Window for comprehensive display of online values YES YES
Device Error Handling; YES NO
Additional GEM Error Handling
Device & Engine Pre.Cond. YES NO
Preparation of devices & engine preconditioning
Calibration Procedure YES NO
Execution & Storage of device calibration
Legislation Cycle Profile YES YES
Execution of legislative drive cycle
Recording & Storage of values YES YES
Time-based recording of emission values
Emission Legislation Calculations YES YES
Calculations according to legislation (Raw-, Modal Diluted-, (Raw-, Modal Diluted-
Bag- and Particulate and Particulate Calcu-
Calculation supported) lation supported - BAG
available as an option)
Extended Emission Reporting YES NO
Reporting of calibration data, error messages
Tab. 1

1.6 Scope of Application of the Emission Cycles

Available driving cycles:
Light Duty ECE NEDC Part 1 (1504)
Dynamic Cycles ECE NEDC (1505)
ECE NEDC Part 2 (EUDC)
ECE NEDC LP (1505 Low Powered)
ECE EUDC (Low Powered)
EPA UDDS Part 1 (US505)
EPA US06
EPA SC03
EPA UDDS (FTP72)
EPA FTP75
EPA HWFET
EPA NYCC
JAPAN 1015
JAPAN 11
JAPAN 10
JAPAN JC08
CHINA GB 18352
INDIAN NEDC LP (1505 Low Powered)
Heavy Duty EPA RMC-13 1065

Ramped Cycles WHSC including EURO VI compliance
Heavy Duty EPA 86-N HDDT

Transient Cycles EPA 86-N HDGT
EPA 86-N/1065 HDDT
EPA 86-N/1065 HDGT
EPA 1039/1065 NRTC
ECE NRTC
ECE ETC
ISO16183 HDT
ISO16183 ETC
JAPAN JE05
WHTC including EURO VI compliance
Heavy Duty EPA 86-I US Smoke

Smoke Cycles ECE ELR
ECE R24
JAPAN 4 Smoke

Heavy Duty EPA 1039/1065 NRSC C1 DMC

Stationary Cycles ECE NRSC C1 DMC
ECE ESC
ECE R49
JAPAN 13 Mode Diesel
JAPAN 13 Mode Gasoline
ISO8178 C1 8 Mode
ISO8178 D2 5 Mode
ISO8178 C2 SI 7 Mode
ISO8178 G1 6 Mode
ISO8178 G2 6 Mode
ISO8178 G3 2 Mode
CHINA 9 Mode
1.7 About this Documentation

Target group The documentation is intended for test bench engineers and operators who use
GEM301EC for automatic exhaust gas measurements for light duty engines
(passenger vehicle engines) and heavy duty engines, and the subsequent evalu-
ation of the data.
The following skills are necessary for understanding the documentation:
General PC and Windows® skills
Operation of PUMA Open
Information
This documentation cannot and is not intended to replace an adequate introduc-

tion.
Contents and scope The user documentation for GEM301EC is describes all dialogs including the
associated options for the testrun itself.
The glossary explains the used technical terms.
Information
Depending on the scope of your emission package, some of the described tests
or optional components, e.g. user defined limits or modal analysis, may not be
available.
Secondary litera- For further information, refer to the following AVL documentations:
ture
User Documentation for PUMA Open

1.7.1 Abbreviations
BSQ Block Sequence Editor
CVS Constant Volume Sampling
EBH Emission Bench Handler
EC Emission Cycles
ECE Economic Commission for Europe
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
FTP Federal Test Procedure
PTS Particulate System
MDS Mini Dilution System, a Partial Flow PTS
Information
For further explanations, refer to section Glossary on page 81.
1.7.2 Typographic Conventions

Safety messages:
WARNING
WARNING indicates a hazardous situation which – if not avoided – could result

in death or serious injury.
CAUTION
CAUTION indicates a hazardous situation which – if not avoided – could result in

minor or moderate injury.
Additional messages:
NOTICE
This text indicates situations or operation errors which could result in property
damage or data loss.
Information
This text indicates important information or operating instructions. Not observing

these instructions could inhibit or impede you from successfully completing the
tasks described in this documentation.
Standard text styles:

Bold Parameters; control elements in windows and
dialog boxes; important text
Italics Cross-references; foreign-language or new
terms; wild-card for elements that need to be
entered by the user, i.e. characters or text. If you
read, for example, macro name, you are required
to type the name of a macro.

UPPERCASE LETTERS Operating modes

Courier Programming examples; source code
Times New Roman Formulas
Menu | Option Description of how to select a menu item from a
given menu
Lists:
1. Step-by-step procedures with a given sequence
2.
• One-step instructions
Unordered series of concepts, items or options

–
–
1.7.3 We Want to Hear from You

Your comments and suggestions help us to improve the quality and practical
relevance of our manuals.
If you have any suggestions for improvement, please send them to:
docu@avl.com
We look forward to hearing from you!


Running a Test Cycle 19
2 Running a Test Cycle

Overview:
Fig. 1

Follow the next topics to run a complete emission test cycle:

Checks Before and During the Testrun on page 20
Selecting a Testrun on page 21
The Result Storage Dialog on page 22
The Engine Parameter Check Table Dialog on page 23
Recording the Full Load Curve (HD only) on page 23
Starting the Testrun on page 23
Canceling a Testrun on page 23
Online Dialogs on page 24
Online Window on page 47
End Dialog on page 52
Information
The steps in PUMA Open described in this section have to be made for all tests
accordingly.
For the test-specific settings and the testrun itself, see Online Dialogs on
page 24.
2.1 Checks Before and During the Testrun

As GEM301EC is a slimmed down version of iGEM Engine, some preparations
have to be done manually by the testbed operator before starting an automated
testrun:
1. Make sure the testbed is fully functional (specific settings, additional
devices, ...). GEM301EC supports a scope of emission devices:
– Emission bench
– Constant Volume Sampler
– Full Flow PTS
– Partial Flow PTS
– AVL 439 Opacimeter
– AVL 415S/SE Smokemeter
– AVL SESAM FTIR Version 4 and SESAM i60 FT
– AVL Particle Counter (AVL 489 including Add On Sampling)
– AVL Micro Soot Sensor (AVL 483)
2. Engine conditioning has to be done outside of GEM301EC (warmrun,
coldrun).
3. Device calibration has be done outside of GEM301EC, and this data will not
be available directly in the database (not for reporting, and not for fully auto-
mated checks)
Information
During the testrun GEM301EC displays less information than iGEM Engine,
therefore watch out for errors, warnings and informations in the PUMA message
window, as there is no separate GEM online popup message displayed.

2.2 Selecting a Testrun

1. Start PUMA Open as usual from the Application Manager.
After startup, PUMA Open switches into the operating state MONITOR.
2. Open the "Parameter Dialog" (1) .
Fig. 2
3. The list entry Test Parameters (2) shows the testrun used last. Unless you
set something else, this test will be selected and performed.
4. If you want to perform a different testrun:
– Mark the line Test Parameters and click Select.
The same result is achieved by double-clicking the line Test Parame-
ters.
The dialog "Parameter Selection" opens.
– Mark the desired test in the list and click on OK (3). The same result
can be achieved by double-clicking on the line with the desired test.
– The dialog closes and the selected testrun is also displayed in the
"Parameter Sets" dialog.
5. Click on MANUAL in the PUMA action bar to change to the operating state
MANUAL (4).

2.3 The Result Storage Dialog

Before PUMA Open changes to the operating state MANUAL, the dialog "Result"
opens.
1
2
Fig. 3
1. Enter the type of test under Result Series.

By clicking on the (1) button right to the text box, you can call up the already
existing entries. Always use the same conventions for naming the tests.
2. Enter the desired name under Name. By clicking on the (2) button right to
the text box, you can call the already existing entries.
NOTICE
Do not use any existing test names here because otherwise it is not possible to
store the new test result.
3. Enter comments in the areas Cust1 (to 3)_Change, if required. Some of

these entries appear later on in the test protocol.
4. Select for Storage Method: New.
Information
If you enable New, it is ensured that the test is completed and therefore can be
evaluated automatically.
If you select Append here, the test is appended as an additional recorder track
and thus can no longer be evaluated automatically. Then an evaluation can only
be made in Concerto.
5. Click OK.

2.4 The Engine Parameter Check Table Dialog

In the dialog "Engine Parameter Check Table", the current engine data is
displayed.
1. Check the data and make the necessary changes.
Fig. 4
2. Click on OK to confirm the settings. Now PUMA switches in the operating

state MANUAL, which may take a while.
2.5 Recording the Full Load Curve (HD only)

• For all heavy-duty testruns, check whether there exists a current
full-load-curve (FLC, Full Load Curve) of the test engine - otherwise it has to
be recorded anew. Therefore start the PUMA Full Load Curve function in
the menu. For more information please consult the Puma Open online help.
2.6 Starting the Testrun

• Click on AUTOMATIC in the PUMA action bar to switch PUMA Open into
the operating state AUTOMATIC. The testrun defined in the BSQ will be
started as soon as PUMA Open is in the operating state AUTOMATIC.
The dialog "Pre Test Dialog" opens. For further steps, refer to Online Dia-
logs on page 24.
2.7 Canceling a Testrun

• Click on Stop in the PUMA action bar to stop the testrun. The current oper-
ating state will be maintained.
• Click on Shutdown in the PUMA action bar to stop the engine.
Find detailed information in the PUMA Open Safety Manual.

2.8 Online Dialogs

This chapter contains descriptions of the individual dialogs in GEM301EC
Online:
2.8.1 Pre Test Dialog ............................................................................ 24
2.8.2 Test-Specific Dialogs ................................................................... 33
2.8.3 Online Window ............................................................................. 47
Information
The GEM software is available for different versions of test benches and
engines. Not every test run may be available on your system.
In the documentation, general procedures are described as examples from case
to case – screenshots of other versions are used for this as well.
2.8.1 Pre Test Dialog

The data entry before the testrun has been redesigned compared to the previous
versions and summarized in one single dialog.
Information
Depending on the selected testrun and/or the current test bench configuration,
areas that are not necessary are disabled; for example, particulate measurement
is only enabled for diesel engines.
The following sections cover the relevant tabs:

Tab: General Data on page 25
Tab: Engine Data on page 25
Tab: Fuel Data on page 27
Tab: Emission Devices on page 28
Tab: CVS/Full Flow PTS on page 29
Tab: Partial Flow PTS / Particlecounter on page 31
Tab: Opacimeter / Smokemeter / Microsootsensor on page 32

2.8.1.1 Tab: General Data
Fig. 5
• Enter the testrun name, the evaluation standard and the testrun data here.
The selected values are used for the evaluation and appear in the testrun
protocol.
Test Selection Test name (1)
Select the desired testrun from the drop-down list. Only the testruns available in
the system are displayed.
Testbed Data Here the data entered by the testrun operator is displayed.
Operator (2)
User name preset by the system, which is read from the UUT parameters in the
PUMA ETC block. These entries should not be changed.
Date (3)
Indicates the current date. The date is preset by the system and cannot be
changed.
Start time (4)
Indicates the start time of the testrun. This is preset by the system and cannot be
changed.
• Click Engine Data to move on to the next tab.
2.8.1.2 Tab: Engine Data
Fig. 6

• Check the data on this page and change where necessary. The selected
values are used for the evaluation and appear in the testrun protocol.
The default values are read out from the UUT parameters in the PUMA
UUT/ECT block. You can overwrite these entries here, if necessary, to make
them appear in the protocol as desired. The parameters are not changed by that,
however!
Engine Data:
Car manufacturer ENGMAN

Engine number ENGNUMER
Engine family ENGFAM
Year of production ENGYEAR NOTE: Please only use numbers.
Lubricant type LUBTYPE
Cubic capacity CUBICCAP
Number of cylinders NUM_CYL
Rated Speed N_RATED
Max. Speed N_MAX
Idle Speed N_IDLE
Tab. 2
Additional Engine Data:
Turbo type TURBOTYP

Fuel pump FUELPUMP
Air cleaner AIRCLEAN
Air system AIRSYS
Transmission Type TRANSM (1=Manual/2=Automatic)
Injection system INJSYS (0=Direct/1=Indirect)
Engine type EM_MTYP (0=Pos. ignition/1=Comp. ignition)
Torque Simulation Enter Data for torque simulation. Additional loads are
added using a 100 Hz polynomial simulation in PUMA
Open. You can enter the required factors A0 … A3 for
the formula here.
Tab. 3
• Click Fuel Data to move on to the next tab.

2.8.1.3 Tab: Fuel Data
Fig. 7
• Enter the fuel data here. The selected values are used for the evaluation
and appear in the testrun protocol.
Here you can enter and/or select fuel-specific data. Various fuels are available,
depending on the relevant configuration.
Fuel specifications can be predefined using the GEM301EC Configuration
Editor (GEM301EC_Editor.exe) supplied with your system.
Legislation:
Choose the test specific legislation
Limit:
Here you can choose limits given by the selected Legislation type. Selecting
User defined enables you to define your own limits (1)
• Click Emission Devices to move on to the next tab.

2.8.1.4 Tab: Emission Devices
Fig. 8
• Here, you enter data on the emission devices of your system.
E-Benches In this area, you select the measurement method for the individual exhaust
measurement lines. Depending on the test bench configuration, various options
are available here.
The following options are available at most:
No measurement
Modal diluted
Precat
Midcat
Postcat
Modal tunnelbackground
Bag (select Bag only for one single EBH in the list)
Diluted / Bag
Tunnel / Bag
Autorange: If activated the emission test bench carries out an automatic
measurement range selection.
Ambient Values Snapshot Mode:
only available if the measurement method is Diluted, Tunnel or Bag.
Stab. time: Delay before ambient snapshot is made.
Time Average: Averaging time for the measurement of ambient concentrations.
Engine Idle Time: Time for which the engine will be running in Idle mode before
stop (only if the engine is running).
E-Benches FTIR Three instances of the FTIR can be used at the same time on raw sample points
(Precat, Midcat, Postcat).
NOTICE
E-Benches FTIR: The operating mode (e.g. petrol, diesel, alcohol, CNG...) has to
be selected on the AVL SESAM FT/FTIR device before test start.
• Click CVS/Full Flow PTS to move on to the next tab.

2.8.1.5 Tab: CVS/Full Flow PTS
Fig. 9
• Here, you enter data for CVS (Constant Volume Sampler) and Full Flow
PTS (Particulate Sampler).
Constant Volume Enable the option Activate in order to use the CVS system.
Sampler Select the corresponding options in the drop-down lists. The options depend on
the CVS system that is used.
CVS Mode
Diesel
Gasoline
ULEV
Bag selection
NO bag: The bags will not be filled.
WITH bag: The bags will be filled.
LEV bags: Use of special bags in the LEV mode of the CVS.
Main flow steps 1-3: The flow steps result from the venturis available in the
system and are system-specific.
Main flow steps can be predefined using the GEM301EC Configuration Editor
(GEM301EC_Editor.exe) supplied with your system.
Bag fill rates 1-3: The bag fill rate is calculated by the system on the basis of
Bag volume
Available flow rates
Phase duration
Information
Workaround: If the calculated bag fill rate is 0 you are able change the values for.
• Bag Volume,
• Min. Bagfillfactor,
• Max. Bagfillfactor.

Full Flow Particu- Enable the option Activate to use the particulate measurement system.
late Measurement Select the corresponding options in the drop-down lists. The options depend on
the system that is used.
Particulate filter flow rate: Change the flow rate with the slider.
Double dilution flow rate:

Activate the option only if a double dilution system is used. This option can
only be enabled if a double dilution system is available.
Change the flow rate with the slider.
Filterpair IDs:
Enter the IDs of the filter pairs that are used here. The number of filter pairs
depends on the number of phases of the testrun.
• Click Partial Flow PTS / Particlecounter to move on to the next tab.

2.8.1.6 Tab: Partial Flow PTS / Particlecounter
Fig. 10
• Here, you enter data for Partial Flow PTS and Particle Counter.
Partial Flow PTS Enable the option Activate in order to use the Partial Flow PTS.
Select the corresponding options in the drop-down lists. The options depend on
Particle Counter Enable the option Activate to use one or both Particle Counters if available.
Information
SPC Add on: The AVL Particle counter is attached to the dilution tunnel of the
AVL 472/478. With this option, proportional sampling can be maintained
throughout an emission cycle.
AVL 472/478 (Smartsampler) must be activated and must contain the add on
sampling hardware option.
• Click Opacimeter / Smokemeter / Microsootsensor to move on to the

next tab.

2.8.1.7 Tab: Opacimeter / Smokemeter / Microsootsensor
Fig. 11
• Here, you enter data for Opacimeter, Smoke Meter and Microsoot Sensor.
Smoke Meter Enable the option Smokemeter Measurement in order to use the Smokemeter.
Opacimeter Enable the option Partial Flow Opacimeter to use this system.
Enable the option Full Flow Opacimeter to use this system.
Opacimeter for Result Calculation: Choose the system you want to use for
calculation.
Microsoot Sensor Enable the option Microsoot Sensor 1 or Microsoot Sensor 2 in order to use the
respective system.
Sample Point:
Choose the sample point from the list.
Dilution Setting:
Select the system to be used.
Dilution Factor:
Change the flow rate with the slider, or type the number in the field.
Click on the button Next to take over the data of all tabs. The entries are
checked by the system.
When the check was completed successfully, the corresponding, test-spe-
cific dialog opens.
When the check has produced errors, a corresponding error message is
displayed. Change your entries accordingly.

2.8.2 Test-Specific Dialogs

In test-specific dialogs, you can make engine-specific settings for the individual
test steps, particulate measurement etc.
Information
The dialogs are structured differently, depending on the selected test. Here, you
can make the settings which are possible and useful for this testrun according to
the legal provisions.
For this reason, you need a basic knowledge of the relevant provisions in order
to make a useful selection here!
Information
If values have been entered as defaults in the dialogs or if a preselection has

been made for options or certain options have been disabled, this preconfigura-
tion is already a certification-compliant setting and can normally be accepted
without any changes. The settings are imported from the relevant legislation
and/or the engine data, and calculated accordingly.
Only change the default values if you do not want to run a certification-compliant
testrun (for example, for developing purposes).

The test-specific dialogs can be found in the following sections:
Tests according to ECE ESC (European Stationary Cycle) on page 35

ECE ECE ETC (European Transient Cycle) on page 36
ECE ELR (European Load Response) on page 36
ECE R49 on page 37
ECE R24 on page 38
ISO8178 Part 4 C1 ISO Modes on page 39
ETC According to ISO 16183 on page 39
Tests according to EPA Smoke (EPA - CFR40 / Part86 Subpart I) on page 40

EPA EPA HDT (EPA - CFR40 / Part86 Subpart N or 1065) on page 40
HDT According to ISO 16183 on page 40
RMC (Ramped Modal Cycle) on page 41
Tests China China 9 Mode (GB14762-2002) on page 42
Tests Japan Japan Transient Cycle (JE05) on page 42

Japan 13 Mode on page 42
Japan 4 Smoke on page 43
World Harmonized WHSC (World Harmonized Stationary Cycle) on page 44

Tests WHTC (World Harmonized Transient Cycle) on page 44
Non Road Tests ECE NRSC (ECE Non Road Stationary Cycle) on page 45
ECE NRTC (ECE Non Road Transient Cycle 1039) on page 45
EPA NRSC (EPA Non Road Stationary Cycle 1039 C1 8 Mode stationary)
on page 46
EPA NRTC (EPA Non Road Transient Cycle) on page 46
LD Test Cycles Light Duty Test Cycles) on page 46

2.8.2.1 ECE ESC (European Stationary Cycle)

After choosing the ESC testrun, the test specific dialog appears.
Fig. 12
• Accept or change the default values. The default values already constitute a
certification-compliant basic setting.
ESC Modes Default values for the torque levels A, B and C. The default values constitute a
certification-compliant basic setting. They can be changed for R&D purposes.
Speed [rpm]: Engine speed
Torque [Nm]: Torque (braking load)
Additional ESC Here you can activate the NOX check points again - taken out of the full load
points curve or picked manually!
Fulload Control Control type in which both full load steps are to be started.
Mode
N/T: Control is accomplished by "speed dyno/torque engine", which is
required for the certification.
N/ALPHA: Control is accomplished via "speed dyno/throttle position
engine", which is often used in engine development and not compliant with
certifications.
Calculate default If you click Calculate default values the default values from the full load curve
values are loaded again.
Particulate Loading The factor is used to calculate the Particulate Loading Time:
Time Factor Particulate loading time factor x weighting facor [%]= particulate loading time
Information
Make sure the Particulate Loading Time Factor is the same in the Smart Sampler
Software.

• Click Next in order to terminate entry in all tabs of this dialog and to pass on
the values to GEM Online.
Now GEM Online starts to process the testrun sequence and the Online window
opens. See Online Window on page 47.
2.8.2.2 ECE ETC (European Transient Cycle)

No test specific dialog is available for this test. Continue with Online Window on
page 47.
2.8.2.3 ECE ELR (European Load Response)

After choosing the ELR testrun, the test specific dialog appears.
Fig. 13
ELR Modes Default values for the speed levels A, B and C
Additional ELR Enable this option if you want to run the additional mode provided by legislation.
point Enter the values below:
Max. torque [Nm]: Maximum torque from the full-load curve, overwritable
Calculate default If you click on the button Calculate default values the calculated default values

2.8.2.4 ECE R49

After choosing the R49 testrun, the test specific dialog appears.
Fig. 14
R49 modes Default values for Intermediate speed and Rated speed:
Fulload Control Control type in which the two full-load steps are to be started.
Mode
N/T: The control is accomplished by "speed dyno/torque engine", which is
N/ALPHA: The control is accomplished via "speed dyno/throttle position
engine", which is often used in engine development and not compliant to
certifications.
Information
Software.

2.8.2.5 ECE R24

After choosing the R24 testrun, the test specific dialog appears.
Fig. 15
Fulload Speed Default values for:
Points
Start Speed [rpm]: Engine speed
End Speed [rpm]
must be smaller than Nmax
Step Wide [rpm]
Steplength [s]

2.8.2.6 ISO8178 Part 4 C1 ISO Modes

After choosing the ISO8178 testrun, the test specific dialog appears.
Fig. 16
ISO Modes Default values for intermediate speed and nominal speed:
Intermediate speed [rpm] at torque [Nm]
Nominal speed [rpm] at torque [Nm]
Mode
certifications.
Particulate Loading Particulate loading time factor x weighting = particulate intake time
Time Factor
Information
Software.
2.8.2.7 ETC According to ISO 16183

page 47.

2.8.2.8 EPA Smoke (EPA - CFR40 / Part86 Subpart I)

You will see this window during the first part of the testrun:
Fig. 17
In this field, define the Alpha value:

The minimum speed during the first phase is at least idle speed + 200 rpm.
Click Define ALPHA to enter the value.
After that click Start GEM Test. Now GEM Online starts to process the testrun
sequence and the Online window opens. See Online Window on page 47.
2.8.2.9 EPA HDT (EPA - CFR40 / Part86 Subpart N or 1065)

page 47.
2.8.2.10 HDT According to ISO 16183

page 47.

2.8.2.11 RMC (Ramped Modal Cycle)

After choosing the RMC testrun, the test specific dialog appears.
Fig. 18
RMC Modes All step definitions are displayed here, as calculated by GEM from the PUMA
Open fulload curve. If the test run is not for certification, you can change the
values here
RMC Type You can choose either RMC 2007 or RMC 2010 here.
Fulload Control Control type in which the full-load points are to be started.
Mode
certifications.

2.8.2.12 China 9 Mode (GB14762-2002)

After choosing the China 9 testrun, the test specific dialog appears.
Fig. 19
China 9 mode test Constant speed [rpm]: Calculated speed value out of the PUMA Open full
parameters load curve.
Torque at speed [Nm]: Maximum Torque at the above speed value.
2.8.2.13 Japan Transient Cycle (JE05)

page 47.
2.8.2.14 Japan 13 Mode

After choosing the Japan 13 testrun, the test specific dialog appears.
Fig. 20
Japan 13 mode test N_RATED for max. power: speed value out of the PUMA Open full load
parameters curve.
MD_MAX (40%) - MD_MAX (80%): those values are calculated out of the
PUMA Open full load curve.

Information
Software.
2.8.2.15 Japan 4 Smoke

page 47.

2.8.2.16 WHSC (World Harmonized Stationary Cycle)

After choosing the WHSC testrun, the test specific dialog appears.
Fig. 21
All step definitions are displayed here, as calculated by GEM from the PUMA
Open fulload curve. If the test run is not for certification, you can change the
values here
2.8.2.17 WHTC (World Harmonized Transient Cycle)

page 47.

2.8.2.18 ECE NRSC (ECE Non Road Stationary Cycle)

After choosing the ECE NRSC testrun, the test specific dialog appears.
Fig. 22
NRSC Modes Default values for intermediate speed and nominal speed:
Rated speed [rpm] at torque [Nm]
Mode
certifications.
Information
Software.
2.8.2.19 ECE NRTC (ECE Non Road Transient Cycle 1039)

page 47.

2.8.2.20 EPA NRSC (EPA Non Road Stationary Cycle 1039 C1 8 Mode stationary)
After choosing the EPA NRSC testrun, the test specific dialog appears.
Fig. 23
NRSC Modes Default values for intermediate speed and nominal speed:
Max. Test Speed [rpm] at torque [Nm]
Mode
certifications.
Information
Software.
2.8.2.21 EPA NRTC (EPA Non Road Transient Cycle)

page 47.
2.8.2.22 Light Duty Test Cycles)

No test specific dialog is available for LD test cycles. Continue with Online
Window on page 47.

2.8.3 Online Window

The Online window always provides you an overview of the procedure during the
testrun.
Information
The dialogs are structured differently, depending on the selected test. The
Online window is adjusted specifically to the requirements and the test bench
and may therefore differ from the dialog shown here.
Basically, the elements described are similar in every GEM installation because
this dialog is composed of PUMA dialog elements as well and can also be
adapted to the relevant test bench accordingly.
The main difference between the test-specific versions concerns the presenta-
tion of the test, which may vary from test type to test type.
A FTP 75 testrun is included here as an example.
1 2 3
6 7
Fig. 24
1 Test Name: Displays the currently loaded test.

2 Device List: Here you can find all available devices. If you click a symbol, the device specific window will
open
3 Result Name Box: Here the Result Series and Testrun Storage names are displayed.
4 Online graphics: Time based graphic display during the test cycle. To display a different Normname,
double click it.
5 Testrun progress: Display of current step time status in %.
6 Testcell Data: Testcell data (e.g. Temperature Air Testcell) are shown in this area. Click the arrow right to
the unit to do a unit conversion.
7 Start Test Cycle Area: Start a test run by clicking the button. After activation the button is hidden.
For an anticipated termination of the testrun, see Canceling a Testrun on

page 23

The end dialog appears after the testrun has been terminated. Continue with
section End Dialog on page 52.
The generic Online window descriptions can be found in the following sections:
Online Window for Transient Test Cycles on page 49

Online Window for Steady State Test Cycles on page 50
Online Window for Smoke Test Cycles on page 51

2.8.3.1 Online Window for Transient Test Cycles
1 2
3 6
5
7
Fig. 25
open
3 Tachographs: Show Speed/Torque/Alpha depending on Control Mode
Note: Warmup at rated speed is only available for European Test Cycles.
double click it.

page 23.
The End dialog appears after the testrun has been terminated. Continue with

2.8.3.2 Online Window for Steady State Test Cycles
1 2
3 6
Fig. 26
open
4 Testcell Data: Testcell data (e.g. Temperature Air Testcell) are shown in this area.Click the arrow right to
Values (Tab 1): Testcell data (e.g. Temperature Air Testcell) are shown in this area. Click the arrow
right to the unit to do a unit conversion. To show mass calculation results click Calculation (if avail-
able - see chapter "Dialogs" in PUMA Open online help).
Values (Tab 2): Here you can see the mass calculation results.
Graphic: Measured fuel consumption and calculated fuel consumption (raw) are displayed here.
6 Online graphics: Graphic shows test specific modes, while the current mode is highlighted in green.
7 Testrun mode time: Display of current mode time and pause timer.

page 23. The End dialog appears after the testrun has been terminated.
Continue with section End Dialog on page 52.

2.8.3.3 Online Window for Smoke Test Cycles
1 2
3
6
Fig. 27
open
double click it.

page 23.
The End dialog appears after the testrun has been terminated. Continue with

2.9 End Dialog

After finishing or canceling the test, you can manage the results in this dialog.
Information
The dialog does not appear, if the option Engine: Idle and stop: Manual, new
testres. was activated in the test specific dialog, as the result definition is
handled automatically.
Fig. 28
• Add your comments to the test cycle, and set up your storage options.
Description Here, you can enter a brief description of the testrun. Whether this information
appears on the protocol or not can be setup customer-specifically.
Comment Here you enter extensive comments. Some of these entries appear in the test
protocol later.
Generate If this option has been enabled, GEM-offline will start automatically after the test
automatic report run and create a test run protocol.
Delete result If this option has been enabled, the testrun will not be stored.
If the option has been disabled, GEM301EC stores the results in the SAN-
TORIN database and the Online part of GEM301EC is terminated.
OK • Click on OK in order to terminate GEM Online. PUMA switches to the

MONITOR state, the test results are restored and are ready for evaluation.
Depending on the configuration, GEM Offline is started automatically or can
be called up manually for evaluation later on.
See manual "Operation of GEM301EC Offline".

Calculation Window 53
3 Calculation Window
For all stationary test cycles you can have values calculated during the test cycle
(like mass emission, satvapor pressure, humidity absolute).
• To open the calculation, click Calculation in the "Online Window". All for-
mulas are according to legislation.
Fig. 29
Fig. 30

Fig. 31
Fig. 32

Calculation Window 55
Fig. 33


Generate a Test Report 57
4 Generate a Test Report

By default GEM301EC postprocessing automatically starts the evaluation with
the current testresult. To open an existing GEM301 EC testresult to recalculate
and generate a test report, follow the steps below.
1. From AVL PUMA Open Application Desktop Postprocessing, open PUC

(PUMA-Concerto).
2. In PUC, open the Work Environments dialog by clicking
File | Work Environment | Exchange …
3. Select GEM301EC_OFFLINE Work Environment and click Activate.

4. In PUC, click Load Layout and select the testresult you want to load by
using drag & drop
5. If Full Flow Particulate Measurement or Partial Flow Particulate Mea-

surement were activated in the Pre-Test dialog, click the respective icon to
enter the particulate data:
Fig. 34
• For entering Partial Flow Particulate Measurement click MDS Particulate

Data Entry and enter data from the chemistry lab.
• For entering Full Flow Particulate Measurement Data click PTS Particu-
late Data Entry and enter data from chemistry lab.
NOTICE
In case of EPA40CFR1065 or EU VI particulate data make sure that all correc-

tions specified by legislation are already done by the chemistry lab (e.g. buoy-
ancy correction).

Generate a Test Report 59
6. If the testrun is EPA40CFR1065 or EU VI, a drift correction has to be done.

Click the Driftcorrection icon to manually enter calibration data in PUC:
Fig. 35
– x_ref_zero and x_ref_span: calibration gas values from gas bottle

– x_pre_zero and x_pre_span: calibration values before phase
– x_post_zero and x_post_span: calibration check values after phase
7. Click Calculate to start Testreport generation.
Fig. 36
Information
Drift correction is only available for diluted measurement.


Configuration Editor 61
5 Configuration Editor
As the GEM 301EC application package is fully based on Puma Open it is
necessary to adapt it to the PUMA Open configuration where it will be executed
e.g. Norm- / Systemnames, MDV device names. Further on all parameters which
are not initialized by Puma Open parameter load sets need to be initialized with
proper values for the actual configuration.
All these settings can be done via the GEM301EC Configuration Editor.
1. Start the GEM 301EC Configuration Editor:
The executable files of the Configuration Editor are embedded in the
GEM301EC Offline work environment. During the setup a shortcut on the
Windows desktop is generated. Double click the shortcut to start the EC
Configuration Editor.
Fig. 37
2. Open an existing GEM 301EC configuration:

The EC configuration is stored in a crypted *.ini file. Click File | Open in the
to load it for configuration.
Fig. 38
The configuration file gem301ec.ini will be used for execution. It is stored in

the GEM 301EC work environment:

D:\AVL\concerto\workenviro-
ments\GEM301EC_OFFLINE\GEM301EC_Configuration_Editor
Fig. 39
After the file is loaded the Configuration Editor shows 4 groups in which the
different configuration items are hosted.
Fig. 40
3. Edit the GEM301EC configuration:

The configuration is divided into the 4 different configuration item groups:
– GEM GLOBAL SETTINGS
– MDV DEVICE SETTINGS
– PARAMETER DEFINITION
– STORAGE DEFINITION
The content of the different groups depends on the ordered options of the
GEM301EC application package e.g. device configuration. The configura-
tion item itself is explained in the GEM301EC configuration editor user inter-
face as green comment.
Find more information on the groups here: Configuration Editor Groups on
page 64.

4. Save the edited GEM301EC configuration:

After the editing of the configuration is finished the changes need to be
saved.
– Click File | Save to overwrite the current configuration file
gem301ec.ini.
– Click File | Save as to generate a backup file for future use
.
NOTICE

For execution always the gem301ec.ini file will be used, as described in step 2.

5.1 Configuration Editor Groups

5.1.1 GEM GLOBAL SETTINGS .......................................................... 64
5.1.2 MDV DEVICE SETTINGS ........................................................... 65
5.1.3 PARAMETER DEFINITION ......................................................... 66
5.1.4 STORAGE DEFINITION .............................................................. 67
5.1.1 GEM GLOBAL SETTINGS

This group contains all global parameters like:
common settings
device parameter initializations
default fuel data
calculation constants
calculation methods
ramp times for heavy duty stationary test runs
post processing settings.
Fig. 41

5.1.2 MDV DEVICE SETTINGS

This group contains all configuration items that the GEM301EC application
package can connect correctly to the current measurement device parameters of
the Puma Open MDV block, e.g. name of the measurement device in the MDV
block.
Fig. 42

5.1.3 PARAMETER DEFINITION

In this group the mapping to the PUMA Open standard Norm-/Systemnames can
be changed if customer specific Normnames are used for global engine or
concentration Normnames e.g. SPEED, TORQUE, ALPHA.
Fig. 43

5.1.4 STORAGE DEFINITION

Due to the fact that the GEM 301EC storage naming is adaptable to customer
needs this group is used to define measurement and channel names which are
used for storing the results to the Santorin database e.g. measurement names
for averaged data, test data, particulate data.
Fig. 44


Appendix 69
6 Appendix
6.1 UUT Parameters .......................................................................... 69
6.2 Calculation Formulas ................................................................... 70
6.3 EBH Parameters .......................................................................... 78
6.1 UUT Parameters

If a new engine is installed you have the possibility to predefine normnames for
the pre-test dialog, e.g. engine family, injection system etc (see The Engine
Parameter Check Table Dialog on page 23 and Tab: Engine Data on page 25
• Open PAM/UUT Parameter/ECT block:
The following Normnames (AVL Standard Normnames) can be predefined for
GEM301EC Pretest-Dialog:
Group REAL:
NORMNAME DESCRIPTION
CUBICCAP Cubic capacity of engine
FD Fuel density
H_C H/C Ratio
Tab. 4
Group INTEGER:
EM_MTYP Ignition Type (0=Pos. ignition/1=Comp. ignition)
INJSYS Injection Type (0=Direct/1=Indirect)
TRANSM Transmission Type (1=Manual/2=Automatic)
NUM_CYL Number of cylinders
Tab. 5
Group ASCII:
OPERATOR Operatorname
AIRCLEAN Engine Air Cleaner Name
AIRSYS Engine Air System Name
ENGFAM Engine Family
ENGNUMER Engine Number
ENGMAN Engine Manufacturer
ENGYEAR Engine Year (only use numbers!)
FUELPUMP Fuelpump Name
LUBTYPE Lubricant Type
TURBOTYP Turbo Type
Tab. 6

70 Appendix
Examples:
Fig. 45
6.2 Calculation Formulas

6.2.1 Intro to Calculation Formulas ....................................................... 71
6.2.2 Structure of Onlinemass_Calculation - Formula Device: ............. 73
6.2.3 Normname Mapping (Part 1) ....................................................... 75
6.2.4 Calculation Formulae (Part 2) ...................................................... 76
6.2.5 Map Calculation Results onto Normnames (Part 3) ..................... 77
This section deals only with certification compliant formulae. These formulae use
a 10Hz cycle. In the Onlinemass formula you will find all formulae used by
GEM301EC.
• To open the formula, select a testrun in AVL Explorer, and open the
according library. Find the Formula Device Onlinemass_Calculation there.
Here you can also do a Normname mapping in case of system changes.

Appendix 71
6.2.1 Intro to Calculation Formulas

The whole online calculation of the GEM301EC application is hosted the PO
formula device "Onlinemass_Calculation" which is located in the TFP-loadset.
The formula device is structured in several sub-formulas:
INIT
Normname_Mapping
Power
Satvapor_Pressure
Absolute_Humidity
Massflow_Exhaust_Raw
Air_Fuel_Ratio
Particulate_Data
Dry2Wet_Correction_NMHC
Correctionfactor_NOX
Stoechiometricfactor
Dilutionfactor
Massflow_Dilution_Air
Mass_Emissions
Fuel_C_Balance
F_Factor
EGR_Ratio
Cat_Efficiency
Fig. 46
In case of system specific normnames or units the sub-formula

"Normname_Mapping" has to be adapted. This is usually done during commis-
sioning of GEM301EC by AVL.

72 Appendix
If there is a different channelname, the new channelname needs to be parame-

terized in the affected section. e.g.:
Standard:
//Temperature Air Testcell (target unit [°C])
temperature_air_testcell = T_AIR
Example Normname is TC_TEMP:
temperature_air_testcell = TC_TEMP
If there is a different unit the conversion to the standard unit defined in brackets
needs to be parameterized by offset and/or gain. e.g.:
Standard:
temperature_air_testcell = T_AIR
Example unit is Kelvin:
temperature_air_testcell = T_AIR + 273.15

Appendix 73
6.2.2 Structure of Onlinemass_Calculation - Formula Device:

The formula is structured into two parts: INIT and Onlinemass.
INIT-Part: In this section everything is initialized and all necessary con-
stants are defined here.
Onlinemass-Part: The constants defined in the INIT-Part are used for the
cyclic Onlinemass-Part.
Information
Do not change anything in this section.
Fig. 47
All formulas according to legislation are defined here. The formula is again struc-
tured into three parts
Normname Mapping
Calculation Formulas
Write results back to Normnames

74 Appendix
The Following variables are important to understand this formula:

calc_method_legislation: Legislationtype
1=2005/55/EC Annex III Appendix 1.4.2
2=2005/78/EC Annex III Appendix 1.5.2
3=ECE R49 Revision 3
4=2004/26/EC
5=ECE R49 Revision 4
6=40CFR86SubPt. N
7=40CFR1065
8=ISO8178
9=China 9 Mode
10=Japan JE05 (11-1-4-41)
11=Japan 13 Mode
12=Light Duty
calc_method_fueltype: Fueltype
10=Gasoline
20=Diesel
21=US Diesel #1 (EPA HDT only)
22=US Diesel #2 (EPA HDT only)
30=Ethanol
40=CNG
50=LPG
60=RME
70=Propane
80=Butane
90=Methanol
calc_method_pressure_satvapor_air_engine_inlet: Calculation of
Satvapor Pressure
1=AVL Standard Polynom
2=40CFR1065.645
Information
You can define Calculation Method of Satvapor Pressure with GEM301EC

Configuration Editor!

Appendix 75
6.2.3 Normname Mapping (Part 1)

If you change some Normnames which are used for GEM301EC calculation you
have also to change them in the Onlinemass-Part. Make sure that the units are
correct as well.
1 .....Map Normnames in this section and do also unit conversion here. Note: It's not allowed to map normnames
twice. If some channels are not needed, map dummy normnames which aren't used.
2 .....You have to convert the unit in section 1, so the resulting unit is the same as in section 2.
Fig. 48
Example:
Normname for CO2 (Postcat) has unit [%].
Onlinemass Formula needs [ppm] for CO2 Postcat (see section 2).
So this Normname has to be multiplied with factor 10,000 to get [ppm].
That procedure has to be applied to every Normname that is mapped in
section 1.

76 Appendix
Information
If you rename Normnames which are needed for GEM301EC, you have also to
do the same changes in the GEM301EC Configuration Editor!
6.2.4 Calculation Formulae (Part 2)

In this part you will find all used formulas according to legislation. Formulas are
structured as follows:
Fig. 49
Calculation of NMHC
Satvapor Pressure
Humidity Air Engine Absolut
Massflow Exhaust Raw
Air Fuel Ratio
Dry to Wet Correction Factor
NOX Correction Factor
Particulate Correction Factor
Mass Calculation Raw
Fuel C Balance Raw
Fuel Deciation Raw
Stoechiometric Factor
Dilutionfactor
Massflow Dilution Air
Mass Calculation Diluted
Fuel C Balance Diluted
Fuel Deviation Diluted

Appendix 77
6.2.5 Map Calculation Results onto Normnames (Part 3)

Here you can map all results onto Normnames. It make sense to add all this
Normnames into the ONL_REC (Recorder). So all results will also be in the in
Testresult (Database).
Fig. 50
Example:
If you want to store Satvapor Pressure:
1. Choose an unused Normname, or create a new one.
2. Delete comments
3. Replace "Normname" with your Normname (e.g. P_SAT).
4. Add Normname to ONL_REC.

78 Appendix
6.3 EBH Parameters

For general EBH-Parametrization see Emission Bench Handler Users Guide.
This section only describes the Paramters used by GEM301EC.
Fig. 51
6.3.1 Delaytimes
This group contains all channels to parameterize the analyzer delaytimes which
are used for calculation
6.3.2 Cutter FID, GCFID

This group contains all necessary channels to be able to calculate NMHC
Concentration according to ECE and EPA1065.365 (d)-(f)
The NMHC calculation method is switched by Channel
"CH4MeasurementMethod":
-1: no CH4 Analyzer in Line
0: GCFID
1: 1065.365d (Cutter FID: THC calibrated with CH4)
2: 1065.365e (Cutter FID: CH4 calibrated with C3H8)
3: 1065.365f (Cutter FID: CH4 calibrated with CH4)

Appendix 79
6.3.3 Dry to Wet Settings

This group contains all necessary channels to parameterize if concentrations are
measured dry or wet.
6.3.4 THC Hang Up

This group contains the Contamination Concentration which will be subtracted
for EPA 1065 test applications during calculation from the measured value.

80 Appendix

Glossary 81
7 Glossary
AODS ASAM Offline Data Service
Part of the ASAM standards, which focuses on the persistent storage, retrieval
and exchange of data. ASAM-ODS specifies the corresponding service inter-
faces.
ASAM Activity Group for the Standardization of Automation and Measuring Systems
Association with the purpose of developing a modular architecture for measure-
ment and automation systems and defining standard interfaces for these
systems in order to reduce the costs arising in the production, extension and
maintenance of such systems.
ASAM-ODS, AODS ASAM Open Data Service

ASAM Offline Data Interface Activity Group: Subgroup of the ASAM association
with the purpose of defining a standard format for the access to ODS-compliant
permanent data.
Current standard interface: ASAM-ODS low-level interface version 3.
ATF is the common data format (ASAM Transport Format) with meta information.
In addition to the actual data, every data package also contains header (meta)
information. It includes information about the structure and use of the data.
This means that every ODS data package includes its own, built-in "operating
instructions".
ASAP Activity Group for the Standardization of Application Systems
ATF see ASAM-ODS.
Bag Analysis Application in exhaust gas measurement:

Samples are taken constantly from the diluted exhaust gas flow and are
collected temporarily in a sample bag. Later on, the bag contents are analyzed.
C.I. engine Compression ignition engine
CFR Code of Federal Regulations, the regulations of the EPA.
CFV-CVS Critical Flow Venturi-CVS, named after the method to maintain a constant
volume flow rate of the CVS bench. See also PDP-CVS.
China 9 Mode The China 9 Mode (GB14762-2002) is a stationary test according to Chinese
legislation.
The engine is run at 18 different operating points for a duration of 60 minutes
each. The gaseous contaminants are measured for 10 or 50 seconds,
depending on the relevant operating point.
Constant Volume see CVS.

Sampler
CVS Constant Volume Sampler or Full Flow Dilution System:

The entire exhaust stream emitted by the engine is diluted with fresh air. The
CVS bench ensures a constant flow of the total volume (Constant Volume)
through the dilution tunnel.
The total volume flow is composed of the engine exhaust volume and the dilution
air volume (which is the main portion).

82 Glossary
Benefits of this measurement principle:

No condensation and thus no measuring errors resulting from condensation.
Chemical reactions between exhaust components are minimized.
Simulation of dilution conditions behind the exhaust pipe.
As a constant flow through the CVS is maintained, it is not necessary to
apply the complicated exhaust mass measurement.
The measurement itself is made as follows:
A certain portion of the exhaust-air mixture is directed into exhaust bags to
determine the gaseous pollutants.
A certain portion of the exhaust-air mixture is passed through a pair of par-
ticulate filters to determine the particulate emission.
Cycle Driving cycle.
Device English Device.

Each component which is capable of generating or processing data is regarded
as a device.
These can be virtual or artificial devices (softdevices), which are not connected
to a certain hardware, e.g. Formula Device.
Diluted Shortened form of diluted exhaust. Means diluted exhaust flow, in contrast to
raw.
ECE Economic Commission for Europe, the European regulations defining the
permissible emissions and polluting gases of passenger vehicles.
ECE ELR The ELR is a stationary test according to the European legislation.
During the ELR testrun, opacity is measured at three desired speed levels A, B,
C (from the stationary full load curve) with constant speed and changing torque
up to full load.
Furthermore, an additional speed level D can be selected and evaluated
according to the legal regulations.
ECE ESC The ESC testrun is a stationary test according to the ECE legislation.
During the ESC testrun, 13 modes are run like during the ECE R49 testrun, but
the step time of the ESC testrun is shorter. Furthermore, it is possible to pass 3
NOx control points.
The diluted exhaust is passed through the particulate filters, according to the
mode and the associated weighting factor.
ECE ETC The ETC testrun is a transient test according to the ECE legislation.
The duration of the test is 1800 seconds. The setpoints for speed and torque are
changed every second. The particulate masses and the gaseous emission are
determined by means of a CVS/PTS measurement.
ECE R24 The ECE R24 testrun is a stationary test according to the ECE legislation.
During the ECE R24 testrun, the full load curve is recorded in the first part, the
opacity is measured in the process in order to determine the limits.
The testrun per se consists of 10 seconds full load and 15 seconds idling. The
test is run 10 times at maximum.

Glossary 83
ECE R49 The ECE R49 testrun is a stationary test according to the ECE legislation.
The warmed-up engine is run at 13 different operating points for a duration of 6
minutes each. The exhaust flows through the measuring systems for the entire
duration of the test, the gaseous pollutants are measured at least during the last
3 minutes of each operating point. Every measured result is an average over the
last 60 seconds. The diluted exhaust is passed through the particulate filters,
according to the operating point and the associated weighting factor.
EPA Environmental Protection Agency, the American authority for environmental

protection.
EPA HDT The Heavy Duty Transient Test (EPA - CFR40 / Part86 Subpart N) is a transient
test according to the EPA legislation.
The testrun consists of a cold test phase, a pause and a subsequent warm test
phase, with a duration of 1200 seconds each. The setpoints for speed and
torque are changed every second. The particulate masses and the gaseous
emission are determined by means of a CVS/PTS measurement.
EPA Smoke The Federal Smoke testrun (EPA - CFR40 / Part86 Subpart I) is a stationary test
according to the EPA legislation.
The cycle has to be run successfully at least three times. Opacity is measured
over all cycles that are run.
ETC According to This ETC testrun is a transient test according to the ISO 16183 legislation.
ISO 16183
changed every second.
A certain portion of the diluted exhaust can be passed through a filter to deter-
mine the particulate masses. The other pollutants such as CO, CO2, HC and
NOX can be determined using the raw exhaust measurement.
FLC Full Load Curve, the full load curve of the engine
Formula Plural: Formulae.

Set of instructions with the purpose of producing a particular result (also referred
to as a "virtual channel"). Is used, for example, in Concerto.
Formula Script Set of instructions that return a number of results.
FTIR Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer.

The AVL multi-component exhaust measuring systems SESAM (System for
Emission Sampling And Measurement) operate on an FTIR basis.
Compared to conventional infrared analysis devices (NDIR analysis devices)
which measure a single gas component with a single wavelength of infrared
light, the AVL FTIR SESAM spectrometer uses a broad wave band in order to
analyze all spectral data of the exhaust gas sample at the same time. With the
help of the Fourier method, the absorption spectrum (intensity/wavelength) of
the recorded interferogram (intensity/time) is calculated. On the basis of this
spectrum and using specially developed mathematical functions serving to
reduce interferences, the individual emission components are determined by
means of standard spectrums.
Full Flow CVS See CVS.
Full Flow Dilution See CVS.

System

84 Glossary
GEM-Interface A GEM-Interface (GI) describes the sum total of all FRONT formulae. The GI is
always specific to a test shop, i.e. adjusted to the customer's configuration.
HDT According to The Heavy Duty Transient Test is a transient test according to ISO 16183.
ISO 16183
The testrun consists of a cold test phase, a pause and a subsequent warm test
phase, with a duration of 1200 seconds each. The setpoints for speed and
torque are changed every second.
A certain portion of the diluted exhaust can be passed through a filter to deter-
mine the particulate masses. The other pollutants such as CO, CO2, HC and
NOX can be determined using the raw exhaust measurement.
ISO8178 Part4 C1 The 8 Mode testrun is a stationary test according to the ISO 16183 legislation.
The warmed-up engine is run at 8 different operating points for a duration of 10
minutes each. The gaseous pollutants are measured at least during the 3 last
minutes of every operating point.
The diluted exhaust is passed through the particulate filters, according to the
operating point and the associated weighting factor.
Japan 13 Mode The Japan 13 Mode Test is a stationary test according to the Japanese legisla-
tion.
13 modes are run. The particulate filters are loaded with a specific portion of the
diluted exhaust gas, depending on the operating point and the assigned
weighting factor.
Japan 4 Smoke The Japan 4 Smoke is a stationary test according to the Japanese legislation.
During the Japan 4 Smoke Test, the opacity of the filter is measured at 4 defined
points.
Japan Transient The Japan Transient Cycle is a transient test according to the Japanese legisla-
Cycle (JE05) tion.
changed every second. The particulate masses and the gaseous emission are
determined by means of a CVS/PTS measurement.
LEV Low Emissions Vehicle
Mode Term describing the operating method, the smallest entity of a testrun. The
defined modes are:
Crank Starting the engine
Idle Engine running, vehicle does not move
Acceleration Increase speed
Deceleration Decrease speed
Cruise Constant speed, certain deviations allowed
Steady Speed Constant speed without deviations
NED Normname Editor

Tool used to create new PUMA normnames or to edit existing ones.
Normname PUMA Open quantity to which online values are written and which is unique in
the entire test facility.
Has a name and attributes, such as unit, type (floating point number, integer
number, text), decimal places and a current value (if the online system is active).

Glossary 85
Normname Browser Tool used to select normnames in PAM (offline parameterization) and POI
(online visualization).
Opacimeter Opacity measurement device
P.I. engine Positive ignition engine
PAM Parameter Manager

With PAM, you define the parameters that are required to prepare and execute
testruns.
Parameters Parameters are data which describe the test bench, the test bench environment,
the test sample and the testrun.
A parameter block is a collection of parameters which are summarized in a block
by subject.
A parameter set consists of parameter blocks which contain test bench indepen-
dent, test bench dependent, specimen dependent, test specific and driver
specific parameters.
The term refers to a variable which is determined prior to execution and is
treated as a constant.
Flow Dilution See Smart Sampler

System
Flow System See Smart Sampler
Particulate According to the EPA definition, particulates are substances which can be
deposited on a Teflon-coated fiber glass filter or on a Teflon membrane filter
through which diluted exhaust flows at a temperature below 52 °C (152 °F).
There is a distinction between primary particulates and secondary particulates.
Particulates consist mainly of soot (pure carbon), plus adsorbed hydrocarbons
(from unburned fuel and lubricants), from sulfates (from sulfur in the fuel),
nitrates, unburned additives, ashes, water, grindings etc.
Due to their small size, the particulates are absorbed by the lung and are not
retained and carried off by the cilia. The particulates must therefore be consid-
ered detrimental to health.
Particulate Filter According to the regulations of the EPA, Teflon-coated fiber glass filters with an
Disks effective diameter of 60 mm are used for sampling the particulates. One filter
holder holds one pair of particulate filter disks:
Front filter (primary filter) and Backup filter (secondary filter)
It is difficult to meet the criterion of achieving a minimum filter loading of 2.5 mg
by applying the particulate filter measuring technique.
Particulate Mea- As can be seen from the definition of particle measurement, the engine exhaust
surement must be diluted to reduce the exhaust temperature to the maximum temperature
allowed to measure this exhaust component. There are two possible ways to do
this: Full flow dilution systems and flow dilution systems.
PDP-CVS Positive displacement pump CVS, named after the method to maintain a
constant volume flow rate. See also CFV-CVS.
Phase Name of a test section.

During a phase, an exhaust sample is collected in one bag pair. A phase termi-
nates when the exhaust flow is routed to a new bag pair, or when sampling

86 Glossary
stops.
Primary Particu- Primary particulates are emitted directly by the engine. They can be up to 2.5
lates micrometers in size.
Raw Shortened form of raw exhaust.
Raw Exhaust Mea- Measurement of undiluted exhaust flow, in contrast to a diluted flow.
surement
RMC The RMC (Ramped Modal Cycle) is a ramped stationary 13 step cycle according
to the EPA regulations. Before each step, there is a defined ramp (accelera-
tion/deceleration) of 20 seconds duration, as defined in the legislation. GEM
calculates these steps, based on the full load curve of the engine.
S.I. engine Spark ignition engine
Sample Points Sample points are the locations at which the exhaust samples are taken for
measurement. For example Diluted or Bag.
SANTORIN Product name for AVL ASAM-ODS products which access ORACLE databases
via the ASAM interface.
Secondary Particu- Secondary particulates arise in the atmosphere due to various reactions of
lates exhaust components with each other. They can be 2.5 to 10 micrometers in size.
Smart Sampler With this type of flow dilution device, only a very small portion (typically less than
1 %) of the exhaust is sampled. Via a heated line, this flow is directed into the
dilution tunnel, where it is mixed with fresh air. Normally the tunnel is also heated
in order to ensure similar environmental conditions like in a full flow dilution
system.
Behind the dilution tunnel, the exhaust-air mixture is passed through two particu-
late filters.
In contrast to a full flow dilution system, a flow dilution system allows only
measurements of the particulate emission. The gaseous emissions have to be
measured in the undiluted exhaust, which at present is permissible only for
stationary tests.
The advantage of a flow dilution system is its considerably smaller size
compared to a CVS.
SULEV Super Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle

System Verifica- SV Check is used to check the following systems, depending on the legislation:
tion Check ECE: CVS sampling and analyzing system
EPA_1065: CVS and batch sampling devices
That can be done by using one of the following methods (ECE):
Critical Flow Orifice Measurement
Gravimetric Measurement
Test gases:
ECE: Propane or CO
EPA_1065: Propane or CO/CO2
Max. deviations:
ECE: ± 3%
EPA_1065: CVS ± 2%, batch sampler ± 5%
Time-Continuous The term "time-continuous" means that a measured value from the recorder
track is used instead of an averaged value.

Glossary 87
ULEV Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle
Weighting In test procedures which include a number of modes, weighting factors are
assigned to the individual modes. In this way, the impact of each operating point
on the total result is controlled.
WHDC The World-wide Harmonized Heavy-Duty Certification Procedure includes
WHSC and WHTC cycles.
WHSC The World Harmonized Stationary Cycle is a ramped stationary 13 step cycle,
After a 10 minute warmrun, the measurement is made along the complete test
run.
WHTC The World Harmonized Transient Cycle is a transient cycle consisting of a cold
and a hot phase.

88 Glossary

Index 89
Index
A S
Additional Engine Data … 26 Safety Instructions … 11
Additional Load Simulation … 26
AODS … 81 T
ASAM-ODS … 81 Test Report … 57
Testrun
C Selecting … 21
Calculation Window … 53 Settings … 22
China 9 Mode (GB14762-2002) … 42, 81 Test-Specific Dialogs … 33
Configuration Editor … 61
W
D WHDC … 87
Dialog WHSC (World Harmonized Stationary Cycle)
E-Benches … 33 … 44
Warmrun … 33 WHTC (World Harmonized Transient Cycle)
… 44
E
ECE ELR … 82
ECE ELR (European Load Response) … 36, 82
ECE ESC (European Stationary Cycle) … 35-36,
82
ECE ETC (European Transient Cycle) … 35-36,
82
ECE R24 … 82
ECE R49 … 83
EPA HDT (EPA - CFR40 / Part86 Subpart N)
… 40, 83
EPA RMC … 41, 86
EPA Smoke (EPA - CFR40 / Part86 Subpart I)
… 40, 83
ETC According to ISO 16183 … 39, 83
H
HDT According to ISO 16183 … 40, 84
I
ISO8178 Part4 C1 … 84
J
JAPAN 13 - 13 Mode Test … 42, 84
Japan 4 Smoke … 43, 84
Japan Transient Cycle (JE05) … 42, 84
O
Online Dialogs … 24
Online Window … 47
P
Particulate Data Entry … 58
Polynomial Simulation … 26
Pre-Test Dialog … 24
PUC … 57
PUMA Open
Operating State AUTOMATIC … 23
R
RMC … 41, 86

90 Index

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT:
AVL List GmbH, Hans-List-Platz 1, 8020 Graz, Austria

Phone: +43 316 787-0, Fax: +43 316 787-400, eMail: info@avl.com, http://www.avl.com

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Warnings and Safety Instructions

Script changes can affect the runnability of the system!

GEM301EC — User’s Guide

GEM301EC — User’s Guide

GEM301EC — User’s Guide

GEM301EC — User’s Guide

1 What You Should Know.................................................................................................. 11

1.2 Contractual Use...................................................................................................................... 11

1.3 Product Version ...................................................................................................................... 12

1.4 Product-Specific Information .................................................................................................. 12

1.5 Comparison of iGEM Engine Standard with GEM301EC....................................................... 13

1.6 Scope of Application of the Emission Cycles ......................................................................... 14

1.7 About this Documentation ...................................................................................................... 15

2 Running a Test Cycle...................................................................................................... 19

2.2 Selecting a Testrun................................................................................................................. 21

2.3 The Result Storage Dialog ..................................................................................................... 22

2.4 The Engine Parameter Check Table Dialog ........................................................................... 23

2.5 Recording the Full Load Curve (HD only)............................................................................... 23

2.6 Starting the Testrun ................................................................................................................ 23

2.7 Canceling a Testrun ............................................................................................................... 23

2.8 Online Dialogs ........................................................................................................................ 24

GEM301EC — User’s Guide

2.8.2.10 HDT According to ISO 16183............................................................................40

3 Calculation Window ........................................................................................................ 53

4 Generate a Test Report ................................................................................................... 57

6.2 Calculation Formulas.............................................................................................................. 70

6.3 EBH Parameters..................................................................................................................... 78

GEM301EC — User’s Guide

GEM301EC — User’s Guide

GEM301EC — User’s Guide

1 What You Should Know

1.1 Safety Instructions

Script changes can affect the runnability of the system!

1.2 Contractual Use

GEM301EC — User’s Guide

1.3 Product Version

Product version AVL GEM301EC 2011

1.4 Product-Specific Information

GEM301EC — User’s Guide

1.5 Comparison of iGEM Engine Standard with GEM301EC

iGEM Engine GEM Emission Cycles

GEM301EC — User’s Guide

1.6 Scope of Application of the Emission Cycles

Heavy Duty  EPA RMC-13 1065

Heavy Duty  EPA 86-N HDDT

Heavy Duty  EPA 86-I US Smoke

GEM301EC — User’s Guide

Heavy Duty  EPA 1039/1065 NRSC C1 DMC

1.7 About this Documentation

This documentation cannot and is not intended to replace an adequate introduc-

The glossary explains the used technical terms.

GEM301EC — User’s Guide

For further explanations, refer to section Glossary on page 81.

1.7.2 Typographic Conventions

WARNING indicates a hazardous situation which – if not avoided – could result

CAUTION indicates a hazardous situation which – if not avoided – could result in

This text indicates important information or operating instructions. Not observing

Standard text styles:

GEM301EC — User’s Guide

UPPERCASE LETTERS Operating modes

1.7.3 We Want to Hear from You

Heavy Duty EPA RMC-13 1065

Heavy Duty EPA 86-N HDDT

Heavy Duty EPA 86-I US Smoke

Heavy Duty EPA 1039/1065 NRSC C1 DMC

Tests according to ECE ESC (European Stationary Cycle) on page 35

Tests according to EPA Smoke (EPA - CFR40 / Part86 Subpart I) on page 40

Tests China China 9 Mode (GB14762-2002) on page 42

Tests Japan Japan Transient Cycle (JE05) on page 42

World Harmonized WHSC (World Harmonized Stationary Cycle) on page 44

LD Test Cycles Light Duty Test Cycles) on page 46