2023-2024 学年延安中学高三英语第一学期周测一

I. Listening comprehension (略)

II. Grammar and Vocabulary (30 分)

Section A

Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and

grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form

of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

(A)

Left brain, meet right brain. Go forth and prosper. That could be the new formula for a

successful career. The human brain, that extraordinary computer, is divided into two hemispheres,

____21____ responsible for different skill sets. The left brain is popularly associated with logic

and analytic thought; the right, with intuition and creativity.

But many of the good jobs of the future, according to some employment experts, will

require being good at using both sides of the brain.

Burning Glass Technologies, a labor-market analytics firm in Boston, came up with the term

"hybrid jobs" to describe the positions, which require skills not normally found together. For

example, these hybrid jobs might require people ____22____ skills in data science and

advertising, or engineering and sales.

In its report, Burning Glass also differentiated between jobs that require lower and higher

levels of hybridization, based mainly on the number of different skills required outside of a role's

traditional requirements and ____23 ____ specialized or sophisticated those skills are.

____24____ Burning Glass forecasts overall job growth of about 10% between 2018 and

2028, the Ann expects jobs that are the most hybridized ____25____ (grow) by 21 percent.

What’s more, hybrid jobs pay more than positions that call for a traditional constellation (一

系列相关想法或事物) of skills. For those ____26____ start out on the technical side the payoff

for adding social or creative skills can also be large. For instance, an engineer who sharpens his or

her sales skills and becomes a consulting engineer for software company working closely with

business clients, ____27 ____ more than double his or her earnings.

People who fail to update their skills will qualify for fewer jobs. People in hybrid jobs are

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also ____28____ (likely) to become professionally eliminated. Highly hybridized jobs have only

12 percent risk of being automated ____29 ____ (compare) with a 42 percent risk for jobs overall,

says Binning Glass.

Hybrid jobs are typically not entry-level roles, so they are available mainly to workers who

have some years of experience and crucially, additional training beyond college or ____30____

associate degree that means workers, employers and educational institutions will have to figure

out how to more systematically prepare individuals for these roles.

(B)

Facing Challenges

A couple of weeks ago, my grandfather was explaining his favorite expression, “Nothing is

ever easy.” The following day, as I tried to complete my day's work, I happened (31) ________

(notice) a bumblebee (大黄蜂) on the skylight (天窗). The skylight was particularly high up, but I

thought removing the bee (32)________ (take) no more than five minutes. An hour later, the bee

still remained. What had changed was that the living room was a mess and (33) ________ I was

dizzy from looking up into the sunlight I did not expect to waste an hour (34)________ an insect

so tiny, but by doing so, I understood what my grandfather meant.

It is not only time that we tend to underestimate ------ we don’t account for unexpected

costs. We often imagine what can work in our favor, but we seldom think of all the negative things

(35) ________ could affect us. However, it is important to remember that your day or week or

year might not go (36)________ planned, and that is completely normal. It is perfectly acceptable

to feel challenged — even at a task you thought was simple — because that is part of life.

If you can accept that nothing will ever be easy, then life might seem slightly (37)

________(manageable). In high school, I thought college might be easier because I could have a

schedule best (38) ________(suit) for myself Yet each time, 1 was both wrong and disappointed.

After accepting that school wouldn't (and shouldn't) be easy, I found myself with a more positive

attitude and improved results.

Of course, there should be preparations made to account for expenses or time. Doing so can

only help you accomplish your goals in a better way. However, there is no need to beat (39)

________ up when something stands in our path. Maybe we cannot see a bee (40)________

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(come) our way; but we can always give ourselves the extra time to catch it.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be

used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. posed B. concern C. demanding D. potential E. vitality F. primarily

G. vulnerable H. literally I. competitive J. alarming K. applied

Fifteen years ago, road crews began planting crown vetch (小冠花) along newly constructed

highways to prevent soil erosion. Crown vetch is an aggressive ground cover plant with appealing

flowers. Road improvement scars were quickly covered and erosion was no longer a/an

____41____. Then planners discovered a/an ____42____ problem. Crown vetch didn’t like

staying in one place. If left unchecked, it could change the nation’s landscape as we know it.

Most people pay little attention to this plant. Motorist use these roadways to get to a destination

quickly. However, crown vetch matures into an 18-inch high creeping, ____43____ plant that

grows in all climates — wet or dry, hot or cold. It ____44____ begin to take over a roadside and

nearby land overwhelming any vegetation in its path, including small trees. If this would happen,

even the most unobservant driver would begin to notice a sameness in the vegetation mile after

mile. Eventually, motorists would complain, ____45____ that the government do something about

the problem.

If crown vetch really took hold in an area, local crops and gardens could be at risk. According to

Art Gover of Pennsylvania State University, crown vetch sprouts （ 发 芽 ） from rhizomes

(underground root runners ) and seeds, which makes it fast growing and difficult to eliminate. The

rhizomes can be up to 10 feet in length. As a result, crown vetch could easily overwhelm backyard

gardens or croplands near roadsides. To eliminate the problem, strong chemicals may have to be

____46____ to an infested （大批滋生的）area. Unfortunately, chemicals could kill any nearby

desirable plants or contaminate the soil. Otherwise, fires would have to be set in these areas year

after year.

The greatest danger ____47____ by crown vetch is its ____48____ to invade and destroy

any prairie （牧场）habitats. Native prairie land is unique to interior parts of the United States,

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____49____ in the plain states. Most of the original prairie is gone, and crown vetch could

threaten what remains. A prairie needs to maintain a special balance of native plants and animals,

and the introduction of crown vetch into the area would certainly destroy that balance. Fires,

historically caused by lightning storms, help maintain the health and ____50____ of the prairies.

However, if crown vetch were in the area, the plant bums too quickly and without the necessary

heat to aid in prairie regeneration. It would be a tragedy to lose what remains of the nation's prairie

lands because of an invasive plant, such as crown vetch.

III. Reading Comprehension （60 分）

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,

C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Only one class at Greendale High School let students dress up like singing candlesticks,

carved rocks from foam, and play double-blind freeze. The class is Drama and Theatre, which is

taught by Mr. Maclay. But it isn't all fun and games. The course also includes a ____51____ study

of plays throughout time and ____52____of how plays are put together. Drama and Theatre

begins by ____53____ knowledge into students heads and ends by requiring students to pull out

that knowledge onstage.

The first half of the course ____54____ drama, which is the study of the history variety,

and structure of plays. The course covers plays that range from ancient to modern, from classics

by playwrights like Shakespeare and O'Neil to obscure ( 鲜 为 人 知 的 ) and ____55____plays.

Students learn to interpret drama, which is an essential skill for anyone in theatre. Actors and

directors must interpret drama to give a/an authentic performance; technical people must interpret

drama to design effective sets, lighting and sound; and theater managers and promoters must

interpret drama to ____56____ shows and attract audiences.

The second half of the course focuses on theater --- which is the art of putting on a play.

Students must complete projects in many areas of theatre production: lighting, set and costume

design, makeup, stage management, directing, and acting. This requirement means that everyone

learns what it is like for the other people involved in a production. Often, actors and crews hang

together and ____57____ other groups in case of interference. By the time of our final production,

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our class was a ____58____ theatre group that worked well together under stress.

The best feature of the class, ____59____, is Mr. Maclay himself whose ____60____ of

teaching and acting is expressed in the words of Polonius “To thine (古英语：你的) own self be

true” (Hamlet 1.3.78). Mr. Maclay has appeared in famous regional theaters and has performed

with prestigious theatre companies. He has a wealth of knowledge and stories that he uses as he

teaches. ____61____, instead of simply saying that mistakes happen onstage, Mr. Maclay tells

how he once ____62____ on his coat and almost knocked the other actor off the stage. His stories

are educational, entertaining and inspirational. Mr. Maclay expects a great deal of himself and of

his students and he inspires everyone to ____63____ to the challenge.

Sometimes, however, Mr. Maclay's ambitions ____64____his students' abilities. For

example, he requires each student to memorize a Shakespearean soliloquy (独白) and recite it for

the class. After the students nervously deliver their speeches, Mr. Maclay calls them up again to

redeliver the soliloquies in different ways: as fast as possible, as loud as possible, sarcastically,

with gestures for each word, like cartoon characters. Few students can meet this challenge.

Overall, Drama and Theatre is a fascinating course. Mr. Maclay expects great things of his

students, and most often students ____65____ themselves by meeting or exceeding his

expectations. Even when Mr. Maclay pushes students beyond their abilities, they realize how

much they need to learn. He teaches his students that “We are such stuff as dreams are made on”

(The Tempest 4.1.156).

A. separate B. severe C. serious D. secure

A. assumption B. analysis C. assembly D. admission

A. pouring B. pulling C. pushing D. plunging

A. is devoted to B. is committed to C. is adapted to D. is addicted to

A. extraordinary B. extensive C. experimental D. expensive

A. perform B. design C. write D. schedule

A. conclude B. exclude C. include D. preclude

A. dark-horse B. white-face C. double-dealer D. close-knit

A. though B. therefore C. while D. thus

A. psychology B. philosophy C. procedure D. priority

A. By contrast B. For instance C. What’s more D. After all

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A. tripped B. put C. carried D. focused

A. relate B. respond C. resolve D. rise

A. underestimate B. overestimate C. exceed D. proceed

A. enjoy B. behave C. relax D. surprise

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or

unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the

one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

Sherlock Holmes once asked Dr Watson about “the curious incident of the dog in the night-

time”. When Watson pointed out that the dog did nothing in the night-time, Holmes responded,

“That was the curious incident”. In The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time, Mark

Haddon introduces another detective obsessed with discovering the truth. Christopher is a fifteen

year old autistic savant who has trouble understanding other people but knows every prime

number (质数) up to 7,057.

The story begins when Christopher discovers a crime scene across the street: a dog named

Wellington lies dead. When the dog's owner found him there, he was suspected and put to jail.

After being got out by his father; he pledges to solve the mystery of its death.

As Christopher investigates the killing, he is directly confronted with a deeper mystery:

other human beings. Like most people with autism, Christopher has trouble reading single facial

expressions. People are confusing to him. By contrast, he likes dogs because he can always tell

what they are thinking. They have only four moods, happy, sad, cross and concentrating. And they

don't lie since they can’t talk.

Haddon deepens the theme of mystery by exploring the complexities of human language,

For example, Christopher never lies. A lie means saying something happened that didn't happen

and Christopher cannot see the point of it. For him, the only things worth speaking about are facts

and mathematics. Christopher also doesn't understand jokes and metaphors, such as "apple of my

eye". He writes, “When I try and make a picture of the phrase in my head, it just confuses me

because imagining an apple in someone's eye doesn't have anything to do with liking someone a

lot.

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 Christopher's quest for truth leads him inevitably to discover even deeper mysteries. Two

years before the beginning of the story, Christopher's mother died of a sudden heart attack. At that

time, Mrs. Shears, the neighbor woman who owned Wellington became a family friend who

helped him deal with their grief Her friendship with them ended on the night that Wellington was

killed. But the question is whether the friendship ended because of the dog's death or the dog died

because the friendship ended. As Christopher investigates, he strips away years' woith of lies and

discovers the truth.

At the beginning of the book, Christopher writes, "This is a murder mystery novel", but it is

much more than that Haddon uses the theme of mystery to show how deeply mysterious human

expressions, language and relationships are to a person with autism. At first, the book seems to

show the limits of being autistic, but in the end, it shows the limits of being normal. Christopher

himself describes it best in the final sentence of the book: "And I know I can do this because I

went to London on my own, because I solved the mystery of Who Killed Wellington? ...and l was

brave and I wrote a book and that means I can do anything."

66. What can we infer from the conversation between Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson?

A. Holmes was curious about dogs, behavior at night

B. Dr. Watson was not as curious about dogs as Holmes.

C. Dogs are usually alert and active in the night-time.

D. The dog mentioned by them was already killed.

67. Which description may confuse Christopher most?

A. The boy is as tall as you. B. The boy is six feet tall.

C. The girl often tell jokes. D. The girl has a heart of stone.

68. According to the passage, which statement is NOT true?

A. Autistic child as Christopher is, he has a talent for mathematics.

B. Compared to humans, dogs are more understandable to Christopher.

C. Mrs. Shears suspected Christopher of killing the dog named Wellington.

D. Christopher witnessed the killing crime of the dog named Wellington.

69. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?

A. To provoke thought on “the limits of being normal”.

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 B. To tell a story about the curious incident of a dog.

C. To specify the trouble facing the autistic.

D. To introduce the detection of an autistic savant

(B)

A Force-field Umbrella to Stop Rain

ADRIENNE ANGELOS VIA FACEBOOK

An energy field that avoids your energy --- or a downpour---would be

neat. But given that it defies gravity, it belongs solely to the world of

- science-fiction, according to Caltech physicist Philip Hopkins. However,

you might be able to feign ( 佯 作 ) a force field, he says, by positioning

lenses at various angles so they bend light and make an umbrella appear

invisible, thus stopping rain and arousing awe. Hopkins has made similar

"invisible” objects, but no one has found a way to perform the trick with an

umbrella-yet.

A Way to Redistribute Excess Rainfall to Drought-Stricken Areas

JOW BROWN (EIC OF POPSCI) VlA TWITTER
Nearly every water-ferrying proposal struggle on the same challenge.

Water weighs a ton. Literally. A cubic meter of it - the size of a washing

machine - tips the scales at 2,000 pounds. A convoy of trucks or cargo ships

carrying the stuff might quench a short-term thirst. But the fuel costs, says

David Cwiertny, a civil engineer at Lowa State University, would sink your

efforts. A hundreds-mile-long canal would also work, but it would take at

least five years to finish. By then, your drought might be over.

A Pill That Stops Aging

ASKS@1CENTTHINKE VlA TWITTER

It’s unlikely that any medicine will unlock the secret to

immortality, but certain drugs might slow our decline. One, called

rapamycin, tricks cell into thinking they're starving, which allows

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them to better resist DNA damage and other stressors, and thus live longer. One study found it

extended mice's life spans by 25 percent. Longevity researchers such as Matt Kaeberlein at the

University of' Washington, are now testing rapamycin on dogs. But getting it ok’d for humans will

be hard; the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) doesn't consider aging a medical condition.

A Way to Be Productive While You Sleep

ASKS JUSTIN RODGERS VIA FACIBOOK

It would be the ultimate life hack: Instead of wasting one third of your days staring at the

back of your eyelids, find a way to make use of those lost hours. But

Matthew Walker, a sleep researcher at the University of California at

Berkeley, says that's a backward way of thinking. Napping is

extremely productive, he counters. One key study found participants

who lost between one and five hours of sleep saw steady declines in

scores on tests that measure reaction, speeds to visual stimuli. The

efiects worsened with each additional lost hour of sleep.

70. What can be learned from the passage?

A. A force-field umbrella in the future can defy gravity.

B. A water-carrying canal cost as much as the trucks and cargo ships,

C. The anti-aging pills might face the problem of government approval.

D. The more you sleep, the more declines in scores on tests concerning reaction.

71. The underlined word "quench" is closest in meaning to ________.

A. extinguish B. intensify
C. modify D. relieve

72. The inventions mentioned above share one similarity that ________.

A. all of them will be mass produced soon

B. none of them will become a reality in the fixture

C. all of them meet with the contradiction of scientists

D. all of the ideas presented through social media

（C）

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 Airplane emissions are a big problem for the climate—and steadily rising. If the aviation

sector were a country, it would rank seventh worldwide in carbon pollution. Experts predict that

aircraft emissions, on their current trajectory ( 轨 道 ), will triple by 2050 as demand for flights

increases. To prevent this dire scenario, a team of scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of

Technology, along with government and industry collaborators, is attempting to fundamentally

redesign airplanes.

Their concept, named the "double-bubble" D8, could significantly reduce aviation's carbon

footprint and improve fuel efficiency if validated in full-scale tests. It calls for major changes to

the standard 180-passenger Boeing 737 and Airbus A320 aircraft — for example, the fuselage (机

身) has a wider, more oval shape than a conventional jet. “It's like two bubbles [joined] side by

side,” explains Alejandra Uranga, an assistant professor of aerospace and mechanical engineering

now at the University of Southern California. This modification lets the fuselage itself generate

some lift, says Uranga, who is a co-principal investigator for the project, alongside Edard Greitzer

of M.LT. The altered body shape allows the wings and tail to be smaller and lighter, and the

aircraft's nose is also more aerodynamic.

The most significant change, though, is the engine position. Air slows down as it flows over

the top of a convention, thereby creating drag and making the craft less efficient. But the D8

design moves the jet’s engines from their usual spot underneath the wings to atop the plane's body,

by the tail---where they suck in and re-accelerate the slow layer of air, greatly reducing drag.

These alterations would make the aircraft use 37percent less fuel than a typical passenger

jet, Uranga says. The project’s chief engineer Marie Drela, Uranga, Greitzer and their

collaborators at NASA, Aurora Flight Sciences and Pratt & Whitney have already built and tested

an 11th-scale model of the aircraft in a NASA wind tunnel. Combining the new design with future

technological advances could further reduce fuel use and ultimately add up to 66 percent in fuel

savings in two decades, Uranga says.

Other experts note that the D8's developers must still overcome economic obstacles while

ensuring that the engines are strong enough to handle the new configuration (配置). Still, “it’s a

very compelling idea and design,” says Brian J. German, an aerospace engineer at the Georgia

Institute of Technology, who was not involved in the work. Aurora is now exploring the

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development of a half-scale prototype （样本）plane. If the effort succeeds, travelers may fly in

one of these jets as soon as 2035.

73. What's the main purpose of the author to compare the aviation sector to a country in Para. 1?

A. To make the writing more vivid with such an analogy.

B. To stress the severity of air pollution caused by aviation.

C. Because the growth of aviation is the symbol of a country.

D. Because aviation plays as important a role as a country.

74. What is the vital shift in the new design?

A. The concept which is named the "double-bubble" D8.

B. The standard 180-passenger Boeing 737 and Airbus A320 aircraft.

C. The fuselage of the aircraft changing into a wider, more oval shape.

D. The airplane’s engines being moved to top of the plane’s body.

75. What can we learn from the passage?

① Aviation’s carbon footprint can be as much as three times by the first half of this
century.

② The fuselage of the aircraft will be equipped with two bubbles (joined) side by side.

③ Becoming smaller and lighter, the nose of the airplane is more aerodynamic.

④ 20 years later, the amount of fuel used in the aircraft will be nearly ⅓ the size at present.

A. ①③ B. ②③ C. ①④ D. ③④
76. What may be the best title for this passage?

A. Airplane emissions B. Carbon footprint

C. Greener skies D. A new aircraft design

(D)

Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the

playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits

only the most privileged and does little to help average people.

A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker

Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a

case in point.

Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less

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than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they

have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and

commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.

The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted hi California, which last year became the

first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California

Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex,

is probably unconstitutional.

The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to

address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even

where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the

constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".

But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate

boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?

The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government

interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the

boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.

Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will

inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when

Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.

Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities

for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has

led to a “golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a

variety of boards.

Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember

that such policies are lately self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little

to help average women.

77. The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad wills ________

A. help little to reduce gender bias.

B. pose a threat to the state government.

C. raise women's position in politics.

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 D. greatly broaden career options.

78. Which of the following is true of the California measure?

A. It has irritated private business owners.

B. It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.

C. It may go against the Constitution.

D. It will settle the prior controversies.

79. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate ________

A. the harm from arbitrary board decision.

B. the importance of constitutional guarantees.

C. the pressure on women in global corporations.

D. the needlessness of government interventions.

80. Norway’s adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to ________

A. the underestimation of elite women’s role.

B. the objection to female participation on boards.

C. the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.

D. the growing tension between labor and management

81.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?

A. Women's need in employment should be considered.

B. Feasibility should be a prime concern in policy-making.

C. Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.

D. Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.

Section C

Directions: Fill in each blank in the article with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence

can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

A. All of them greatly influenced the lands they invaded and changed the course of history

wherever they went.

B. They were hungry to fight and greedy for riches.

C. Vikings are often pictured as tall, muscular people wearing helmets with horns.

D. The word Viking comes from an Old Norse word vik, meaning a bay.

E. Yet, their greatest attributes may have been their love of exploration and their courage to seek

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the edges of the vast, unknown ocean.
F. However, Vikings were not only interested in plunder.

What do you think of when you hear the word Vikings? Were Vikings fierce warriors or

skilled explored? Do you think of them as merchants who travel the world or do you think of them

as epic poets? The Vikings excelled at all these roles and were also accomplished scientists,

farmers, shipwrights and fisherfolk. We tend to think of Vikings as large and powerful raiders

whose quick attacks from the sea struck fear and terror into the hearts of people across Europe. It

is true that the Vikings were brave warriors who seldom lost a battle and that their reputation as

fierce fighters scared everyone. ____82____.

The great age of the Vikings spanned the years between AD 793 and 1066. In that short

amount of time the Vikings ranged far from their harsh northern homelands, soling west to

discover Iceland, Greenland, and North America, long before Christopher Columbus was even

born. Seeking riches, they invaded many cities throughout Europe, Russia, North Africa, and even

the Middle East.

Their ships were fast and could carry many warriors. Some of their ships even carried

horses. Using their sailing skills, thirst for adventure and bravery, the Vikings conquered many

lands.

People during the Viking age called Vikings the Nordic people or Norsemen --- men from

the north. They were as harsh and rugged as the coastal lands from which they came --- lands that

we now know as Norway, Sweden, and Denmark At that early time, all Nordic people spoke one

language. That language has been almost entirely preserved in the modern-day speech of the

people of Iceland.

The Vikings of Denmark headed south. The Vikings of Sweden went into Eastern Europe.

And the Vikings of Norway headed west ____83____.

It was natural for Nordic people to seek their fortune on the ocean. Many of them were

trained from a young age to be skilled sailors and navigators. Some sailed away for the adventure.

Others did it because they could not earn their living at home. Within each family, only the oldest

son inherited the family's land. Younger sons could work for the oldest son, or leave the area.

Because of this rule, many young men went to sea to find their fortunes. Some turned to fishing or

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trading. Others made their living by stealing.

____84____. Viking was a person from the bays where ships would arrive and depart. To go

“a-Viking” was to strike out in ships with the goal of raiding （ 突 袭 ） or plundering （ 劫

掠 ） nearby lands. Many Norseman went “a-Viking” for part of the year to supplement their

families' incomes.

The unguarded small towns and monasteries （修道院） along the coasts of Britain and France

were easy targets. Monasteries were frequent targets of Viking raids because they had few

defenses and often contain many valuable objects. As pagans （异教徒)，the Vikings did not

consider monasteries to be off-limits from attack.

Raiding Vikings would sail in quickly and steal the year’s harvest and other valuables from

villages. After the success of these early raids, they soon began to raid larger towns and even

major cities. Eventually, they attacked Paris and Hamburg --- two of the latest cities of Europe at

that time. ____85____. They also settled peacefully in many areas and established a trade routes

in many parts of the world. Vikings settling in Ireland founded the city of Dublin, which

eventually became the capital. Vikings travelling east founded the country of Russia.

IV 86. Summary （10 分）

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points ） of the

passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

To Laugh Is Human

Most of us don't know why we laugh at some jokes and not at others. Scientists know that

we are able to laugh at birth. Babies begin to laugh at three to four months of age, well before they

produce their first words. What scientists are interested in is why we laugh.

Scientists believe humans laugh with others primarily because it makes us feel connected

with one another, which in turn gives us a sense of trust and comfort. To scientists, laughter is an

unconscious reaction;consequently, when we laugh, others can be certain that it is an hones

reaction, and honesty is key when building and maintaining friendships.

Since laughter is seen as a social signal that we send to others, it can also help explain why it

is so infectious. Studies have proven that when people see or hear something funny,they are 20

times more likely to a laugh when they are with others than when they are alone. Wanting to be

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accepted by others is part of human nature. And mirroring other people's laughter is a way to

signal to others that you feel the way they do, which makes us feel more connected with one

another.

Humans have not always laughed just so they can feel closer to others, however. Scientists

point out that this social function of laughter was born out of an even more fundamental human

need. Laughter, they believe, came about because it contributed to our very survival as a species.

Scientists assume that sharing laughter ensured our ancestors a higher survival rate because it led

to greater cooperation between individuals. Humans learned quickly that greater cooperation led

to survival, and the brain in turn realized that laughing with others increased out chances of

finding people to cooperate, hunt, eat, live, and eventually, survive with.

V Translation (15 分, 3+3+4+5)

87. 任何认真对待自己的人都值得被尊重。(worth)

88. 任何情况下我们都不能浪费粮食，这符合人们追求品质生活的要求。(Under)

89. 近日，猪脑被装入芯片的新闻引发争议，尽管有科学价值，但却存在伦理和安全问题。

(despite)

90. 据报道，美国在一项关于本国处置疫情是否有力的调查中排名垫底，大部分美国人认为

政府没肴釆取有效措施。(report)

参考答案

语法填空

21. each 22. with 23. how 24. While/Although 25. to grow 26. who 27. may 28. less likely
29. compared 30. an

31. to notice 32. would take 33. that 34. on 35. that 36. as 37. more manageable 38. suited 39.
ourselves 40. coming

小猫钓鱼 BJIHC KADFE

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Cloze CBAAC DBDAB BADCD

阅读理解 （A）CDDA （B）CDD （C）BDCC （D）ACDCB

六选四 AEDF

Summary：

Laughter is unconscious， infectious and basic．（笑的特点） It brings us a trustworthy，

comfortable and honest feeling， thus better maintaining friendships．【高分句型一】 Chances
are that we laugh more with others around， contributing to prompting recognition and feeling
more connected with one another．【高分句型二】 Scientists assure that laughter resulted in
greater cooperation between individuals in ancient times， as better cooperation leads to
survival．（笑的作用）

翻译

87. Anyone who takes himself or herself seriously is worth respecting.

88. Under no circumstances should we waste food, which lives up to / meet people’s requirements
for a quality life.

89. Recently, the news that chips are inserted into pigs’ brains have aroused controversy because
despite the scientific value, there are ethical and security problems.

90. It’s reported that America came bottom of the list in a survey concerning whether the country
managed the epidemic effectively and the majority of Americans think that the government hasn’t
taken effective measures.

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