Given IP : 192.168.1.

0
Given Subnet Mask : /24 (CIDR Notation) or 255.255.255.0

Network : 192.168.1.0
Fill the host portion of the address with 0

11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000
Usable Host Range -
First Host : 192.168.1.1
Fill the host portion of the address with 0 except the last bit which is set to 1

11000000.10101000.00000001.00000001
Last Host : 192.168.1.254
Fill the host portion of the address with 1 except the last bit which is set to 0

11000000.10101000.00000001.11111110
Broadcast Address : 192.168.1.255
Fill all host portion of the address with 1

11000000.10101000.00000001.11111111

There are total of 254 usable host IP Addresses with 2

addresses that are reserved for Network and Broadcast
Addresses
Given IP : 203.0.113.0
Given Subnet Mask: /19 (CIDR Notation) or 255.255.224.0

Network : 203.0.96.0
Fill the host portion of the address with 0

*Note: When converting binary to decimal for IP addresses, you should convert the entire octet to decimal, not
just the changed part.*

11001011.00000000.01100000.00000000
Usable Host Range -
First Host : 203.0.96.1
Fill the host portion of the address with 0 except the last bit which is set to 1

11001011.00000000.01100000.00000001
Last Host : 203.0.127.254
Fill the host portion of the address with 1 except the last bit which is set to 0

11001011.00000000.01111111.11111110
Broadcast Address: 203.0.127.255
Fill all host portion of the address with 1

11001011.00000000.01111111.11111111

There are possible 8190 usable host IP Address with 2

addresses that are reserved for Network and Broadcast
Addresses
Given IP : 88.232.29.67

Given Subnet Mask: /27 (CIDR Notation) or 255.255.255.224

Network : 88.232.29.64
01011000.11101000.00011101.01000000
Usable Host Range -
First Host : 88.232.29.65
01011000.11101000.00011101.01000001
Last Host : 88.232.29.94
01011000.11101000.00011101.01011110
Broadcast Address : 88.232.29.95
01011000.11101000.00011101.01011111

There are possible 30 usable host IP Address with 2 addresses

that are reserved for Network and Broadcast Addresses