Tema 4.

THE ROLE OF PROTOCOL IN

MODERN DIPLOMACY – 10 ore

Lesson 12

1. Types of protocols
2. The protocol for the use of state symbols
3. The Usage of State Signs
4. The accreditation of mission chiefs
1. TYPES OF PROTOCOLS
1. Types of protocols
SOME COMMON TYPES OF PROTOCOLS INCLUDE:
1. Diplomatic Protocol: This type of protocol governs the conduct and etiquette of diplomats and
representatives of foreign countries. It outlines the rules for diplomatic engagements, formalities during state
visits, and diplomatic correspondence.
2.Ceremonial Protocol: Ceremonial protocol pertains to the organization and conduct of formal events,
ceremonies, and official functions. It includes guidelines on flag ceremonies, national anthems, seating
arrangements, and other symbolic gestures.
3. Presidential Protocol: Presidential protocol outlines the procedures and customs followed when the head
of state or government of a country visits another nation or receives foreign dignitaries.
4. State Protocol: State protocol applies to official engagements involving the heads of state, such as state
banquets, state funerals, and other events related to a country's highest-ranking officials.
5. Social Protocol: Social protocol governs etiquette and behavior during social gatherings and events, both
within diplomatic circles and in interactions with local communities.
6. Military Protocol: Military protocol involves the customs, procedures, and traditions followed within the
armed forces. It applies to military ceremonies, honors, and interactions between military personnel of
different countries.
7. Protocol for Treaties and Agreements: Protocol related to treaties and agreements establishes the
procedures for negotiation, signing, ratification, and implementation of international treaties and agreements.
8. Protocol for Summits and Conferences: This protocol sets the rules for organizing and conducting
international summits, conferences, and meetings involving multiple countries and leaders.
9. Business Protocol: Business protocol focuses on the proper conduct and etiquette in business settings,
including meetings, negotiations, and interactions with international partners and clients. Bussines protocol will
be discussed in the last lesson (15) of this course.
 1. DIPLOMATIC PROTOCOL
refers to the rules, practices, and etiquettes that govern interactions and procedures between diplomatic
representatives of different countries. It is an essential part of diplomacy as it helps ensure effective
communication between nations and promotes a respectful and harmonious environment in international
relations.
DIPLOMATIC PROTOCOL COVERS VARIOUS AREAS, INCLUDING:

 Diplomatic etiquette: This involves the norms and formalities that diplomats and other government officials must follow
at official events, ceremonies, receptions, and meetings. It includes the correct way to greet, introduce, sit, and conduct
oneself in formal occasions.
 Precedence and order of precedence: This defines the hierarchy among delegations and authorities from different
countries during official events. This hierarchy may be based on factors such as the position of the head of state or
government, the date of a country's independence, etc.
 Treatment and titles: It determines how dignitaries, diplomats, and government representatives should be addressed in
terms of treatment and the use of appropriate titles, depending on the position they hold.
 Exchange of gifts: This regulates the practices of gift-giving among diplomats and heads of state/government,
emphasizing appropriateness and the symbolic value of the gifts.
 Event protocol: This includes specific details on how to proceed in different occasions, such as official visits, bilateral
meetings, treaty signing ceremonies, among others.
 Official communications: It defines the format, tone, and elements to be included in letters, invitations, and other types
of formal communication between governments.

Diplomatic Protocol is essential to avoid misunderstandings, offenses, and unnecessary conflicts between countries. The
embassies and diplomatic missions of each country usually have a specialized protocol team that deals with all these issues.
The rules of protocol may vary slightly between countries, but there are many common international norms that are widely
accepted and followed by the global diplomatic community.
2. CEREMONIAL PROTOCOL refers to the rules, procedures, and practices that govern the organization and
conduct of ceremonial events and occasions, particularly those involving dignitaries, government officials, and other important
figures. This protocol is used to ensure that ceremonies are executed with precision, dignity, and adherence to established
traditions and formalities. Ceremonial Protocol encompasses a wide range of events, including state ceremonies, official
celebrations, commemorative occasions, award presentations, inaugurations, funerals of prominent figures, and other public
gatherings of significance. It focuses on the proper sequence of events, the arrangement of participants, the use of symbols and
decorations, as well as the overall atmosphere and decorum of the ceremony.
KEY ASPECTS OF CEREMONIAL PROTOCOL INCLUDE:
 Order of Precedence: Establishing the rank and hierarchy of dignitaries and officials in attendance, determining their positioning and
movement during the ceremony.
 Official Invitations: Sending out formal invitations to attendees, including dignitaries, guests of honor, and other participants, with
appropriate wording and RSVP requirements.
 Seating Arrangements: Deciding the seating plan for dignitaries and officials based on their positions or roles, considering cultural
norms and diplomatic considerations.
 Ceremony Script: Preparing a detailed script or program outlining the sequence of events, speeches, performances, and other
elements of the ceremony.
 Symbolism and Traditions: Incorporating symbolic elements, rituals, and cultural traditions relevant to the occasion to add meaning
and significance to the event.
 Dress Code: Specifying the appropriate attire for participants based on the formality of the ceremony and their roles.
 Music and Protocol Bands: Coordinating musical performances and the role of protocol bands in providing appropriate music for
specific parts of the ceremony.
 Flag and Banner Etiquette: Observing rules related to the display and use of national flags, banners, and other symbols of authority.
Ceremonial Protocol varies from country to country and may differ based on the nature of the event and the cultural context. The
goal of Ceremonial Protocol is to ensure that these occasions are executed with dignity, respect, and adherence to established
customs, thus reflecting the importance and significance of the event and the individuals involved. Protocol officers, event
organizers, and relevant government departments are typically responsible for overseeing and implementing Ceremonial
Protocol.
3. PRESIDENTIAL PROTOCOL refers to the rules, procedures, and customs that govern the conduct and
interactions of the President of a country in various official and ceremonial events. It specifically focuses on the formalities
and etiquette surrounding the head of state during state functions, official visits, public appearances, and international
engagements. Presidential
PROTOCOL TYPICALLY COVERS THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS:
 State Ceremonies: Guidelines for the President's participation in state ceremonies, such as inauguration ceremonies, national
holidays, military parades, and other significant events that require the President's presence.
 Official Visits: Rules and procedures for hosting or receiving foreign dignitaries, heads of state, or government officials, as well
as the President's conduct during official visits to other countries.
 State Dinners and Receptions: Etiquette and formalities for state banquets, receptions, and official dinners, which involve the
President and foreign dignitaries.
 Official Communication: Guidelines for the President's official correspondence, including letters, messages, and diplomatic
communications.
 Precedence and Order of Precedence: The hierarchy and order in which the President is placed in relation to other domestic
and foreign dignitaries during official events.
 Use of Titles and Forms of Address: The proper way to address the President, as well as the titles and forms of address used
for foreign leaders and officials.
 Gift Giving and Receiving: Rules and regulations for presenting and receiving gifts on behalf of the President during official
visits and state functions.
 Security and Logistics: Protocols related to the President's security arrangements, transportation, and other logistical aspects
during official engagements.
Presidential Protocol varies from one country to another, depending on cultural norms and traditions. However, it is
essential for ensuring the smooth functioning of the head of state's role in representing the nation on the international stage
and maintaining the dignity of the office. Trained protocol officers and staff are responsible for overseeing and
implementing these rules to ensure that the President's engagements are conducted with professionalism, respect, and
adherence to diplomatic customs.
4. STATE PROTOCOL refers to the set of rules, procedures, and customs that govern the interactions, conduct,
and events involving high-ranking government officials, heads of state, and diplomatic representatives of different
countries. State Protocol is designed to ensure proper decorum, respect, and smooth functioning during official state
functions and diplomatic engagements.

STATE PROTOCOL COVERS A WIDE RANGE OF ACTIVITIES AND EVENTS, INCLUDING:

 State Visits: Guidelines for hosting or receiving foreign heads of state and other high-level dignitaries during official visits to a
country. This includes the scheduling of events, formal meetings, banquets, and other official engagements.
 Diplomatic Ceremonies: Rules and procedures for state ceremonies, such as inauguration ceremonies of heads of state,
national holidays, state funerals, and other significant events that involve government officials and dignitaries.
 State Dinners and Receptions: Etiquette and formalities for state banquets, receptions, and official dinners attended by high-
ranking officials and foreign ambassadors.
 Official Communication: Guidelines for the exchange of formal letters, messages, and diplomatic communications between
heads of state and government representatives.
 Precedence and Order of Precedence: The hierarchy and ranking of government officials and dignitaries during state
functions, determining their seating arrangements and positioning.
 State Gifts and Presents: Rules and regulations regarding the presentation and receiving of gifts during state visits and
official occasions.
 National Flag and Anthem Etiquette: Observing rules related to the display and use of the national flag and anthem during
state events.
 State Protocol at Embassies: Guidelines for diplomatic functions and events held at embassies and consulates, including
receptions, cultural events, and official meetings.
State Protocol is an essential aspect of international diplomacy as it helps create a formal and respectful environment for
interactions between countries. Trained protocol officers and officials are responsible for overseeing and implementing
State Protocol, ensuring that all state functions and diplomatic engagements adhere to established customs, cultural
norms, and international etiquette. The specific rules and practices of State Protocol may vary from one country to
another, and they are influenced by cultural traditions, diplomatic practices, and historical precedents.
 5. SOCIAL PROTOCOL
refers to the set of customs, rules, and etiquettes that govern social interactions and behavior in various
social settings. It encompasses the accepted norms and formalities that individuals follow when engaging
with others in social situations, such as parties, gatherings, formal events, and everyday interactions.
SOCIAL PROTOCOL COVERS A WIDE RANGE OF ASPECTS RELATED TO SOCIAL INTERACTIONS, INCLUDING:
 Social Etiquette: Guidelines for polite and considerate behavior, such as saying "please" and "thank you,"
respecting personal space, and using proper table manners during meals.
 Greetings and Introductions: Proper ways to greet others, including handshakes, hugs, kisses, or other culturally
appropriate forms of greeting, as well as how to introduce oneself and others in different social settings.
 Dress Code: Understanding and adhering to the appropriate attire for different social events, whether they are
casual gatherings, semi-formal occasions, or black-tie events.
 Gift-Giving: Etiquette surrounding the giving and receiving of gifts on various occasions, including birthdays,
weddings, holidays, and other special events.
 Conversation Skills: Knowing how to engage in meaningful and respectful conversations, including active
listening, avoiding controversial topics, and showing interest in others' perspectives.
 Social Media Etiquette: Appropriate behavior and communication on social media platforms, such as being
respectful, avoiding oversharing, and considering the privacy of others.
 RSVP and Punctuality: Responding to invitations in a timely manner and being punctual to social events.
 Host and Guest Etiquette: Guidelines for both hosts and guests to ensure a pleasant and enjoyable social
experience for everyone involved.
 Cultural Sensitivity: Being aware of and respecting cultural differences when interacting with people from diverse
backgrounds.
 Handling Conflicts: Strategies for resolving conflicts and disagreements in social situations with tact and
diplomacy.
Social Protocol helps create a harmonious and enjoyable social environment, fostering positive relationships
and reducing the likelihood of misunderstandings or awkward situations. It provides a framework for
individuals to navigate various social contexts with confidence and grace. While social norms and customs
can vary between cultures and regions, certain basic principles of Social Protocol, such as showing respect,
being courteous, and displaying consideration for others, are universal and important in building meaningful
connections with others.
 6. MILITARY PROTOCOL
refers to the set of rules, procedures, and customs that govern the conduct and interactions within the
military environment. It outlines the appropriate behaviors and practices expected of military personnel in
various situations, both on and off-duty, to ensure discipline, order, and effective functioning of the armed
forces.
MILITARY PROTOCOL COVERS A WIDE RANGE OF ASPECTS WITHIN THE MILITARY CONTEXT, INCLUDING:
 Chain of Command: The hierarchical structure of authority within the military, with clear lines of command and reporting. Military
personnel are expected to follow orders and respect the authority of their superiors.
 Saluting and Courtesy: Guidelines for military personnel on when and how to salute, as well as displaying courtesy and respect
towards superiors, peers, and subordinates.
 Uniform Regulations: Specifications for the proper wear and maintenance of military uniforms, including rules for various types of
dress, insignias, and medals.
 Military Ceremonies: Procedures for conducting military ceremonies, such as parades, flag-raising ceremonies, award
presentations, and funerals with precision and formality.
 Code of Conduct: Rules and principles governing the behavior of military personnel, emphasizing integrity, honor, and adherence
to military values.
 Military Communication: Guidelines for clear and effective communication within the military, especially during operations and
exercises.
 Battle Drills and Procedures: Standard operating procedures and protocols for various military tasks and maneuvers, ensuring
consistent and coordinated actions during combat situations.
 Military Dining-In and Dining-Out: Formal military dinners with specific customs and traditions, providing opportunities for
camaraderie and socializing among military personnel.
 Military Visits and Inspections: Protocols for official visits by high-ranking military officials and inspections of units, facilities, and
equipment.
 Military Decorum: Rules for appropriate behavior and decorum while on duty, in barracks, and during official functions.
 Military Symbols and Traditions: Understanding and interpreting military symbols, ranks, and insignias used to identify
personnel and units.
Military Protocol plays a crucial role in maintaining discipline, cohesion, and order within the armed forces. It fosters a
sense of unity, professionalism, and esprit de corps among military personnel, contributing to the readiness and
effectiveness of the military in fulfilling its mission.
Military personnel are typically trained in military protocols as part of their basic training and ongoing professional
development. Strict adherence to Military Protocol is essential during peacetime operations, training exercises, and
especially in combat situations, where standardized procedures and clear communication can be critical to mission
success and the safety of personnel.
 7. PROTOCOL FOR TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS refers to the set of rules, procedures, and formalities
that govern the negotiation, drafting, signing, ratification, and implementation of international treaties and
agreements between countries or international organizations. These protocols are designed to ensure
transparency, clarity, and mutual understanding among the parties involved and to create legally binding and
enforceable instruments of international law.
KEY ASPECTS OF PROTOCOL FOR TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS INCLUDE:
 Negotiation and Drafting: The process of negotiations between the parties, leading to the drafting of the treaty text.
This involves identifying the objectives, rights, and obligations of each party and ensuring precise and unambiguous
language.
 Signing of the Treaty: The formal act by which the representatives of the countries or organizations express their
consent to be bound by the treaty. The signing may occur at the conclusion of the negotiation process or at a
subsequent ceremony.
 Ratification and Approval: The process through which the treaty is formally accepted and confirmed by the parties'
competent authorities, typically the head of state or government and the legislative body.
 Exchange of Instruments of Ratification: The formal exchange of documents between the parties, confirming that
the treaty has been ratified and is now in force.
 Entry into Force: The date on which the treaty becomes legally binding and applicable to the parties. This is often
specified within the treaty text or occurs after a certain number of ratifications are obtained.
 Depository and Registration: Designating a depository, often an international organization or a neutral state, to
keep the original copies of the treaty and registering the treaty with relevant international bodies, such as the United
Nations.
 Amendments and Reservations: Protocols for making amendments to the treaty or entering reservations
(exceptions) to specific provisions.
 Implementation and Compliance: Guidelines for ensuring that the parties fulfill their obligations under the treaty
and mechanisms for monitoring compliance.
 Dispute Resolution: Procedures for resolving disputes that may arise between the parties concerning the
interpretation or i implementation of the treaty.
 Termination and Withdrawal: The process by which parties may end their participation in the treaty before its
expiration, either through mutual agreement or in accordance with specific provisions in the treaty itself.
Protocol for Treaties and Agreements may vary depending on the complexity and scope of the treaty, as well
as the specific practices and preferences of the countries or organizations involved. It is crucial to observe
these protocols carefully to ensure the legitimacy and effectiveness of international agreements and to uphold
the principles of international law and diplomacy.
 8. PROTOCOL FOR OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS
refers to the set of rules, procedures, and guidelines that govern the handling, formatting, and distribution
of official documents within organizations, governments, and other formal settings. Following proper
protocol ensures that official documents are accurate, secure, and appropriately managed.
KEY ASPECTS OF PROTOCOL FOR OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS INCLUDE:
 Document Formatting: Guidelines for the standardized formatting of official documents, including font size, margins, spacing,
and header/footer information.
 Document Title and Header: Consistent use of appropriate titles and headers, including the name of the organization,
department, or government agency, the title of the document, and the date of issuance.
 Document Numbering and Version Control: Establishing a system for assigning unique document numbers and managing
different versions or revisions of the same document.
 Document Review and Approval: Defining a process for document review and approval, ensuring that authorized personnel
verify the accuracy and compliance of the content before the document is finalized.
 Document Distribution: Protocols for distributing official documents to relevant parties, whether internally within an organization
or externally to other stakeholders.
 Document Filing and Storage: Guidelines for organizing, filing, and storing official documents in a secure and easily retrievable
manner.
 Document Security: Procedures to protect sensitive or classified information, ensuring that access to certain documents is
restricted to authorized personnel only.
 Document Retention: Establishing policies for retaining official documents for a specified period, in compliance with legal
requirements and organizational policies.
 Document Archiving and Disposal: Protocols for archiving documents that are no longer actively used and for the proper disposal
of documents that have reached the end of their retention period.
 Document Tracking: Implementing systems or logs to track the movement and handling of important documents, especially
those of high significance or urgency.
 Electronic Document Management: Guidelines for managing official documents in digital formats, including backup procedures
and cybersecurity measures.

Proper adherence to Protocol for Official Documents is essential for maintaining organizational efficiency,
transparency, and accountability. It helps prevent errors, unauthorized access, and loss of important
information, and it ensures that official documents remain reliable and trustworthy sources of information.
Different organizations and governments may have specific protocols tailored to their unique needs and
requirements. These protocols are often documented in official policies and procedures manuals, which
serve as a reference for personnel involved in document creation, management, and distribution.
 9. PROTOCOL FOR SUMMITS AND CONFERENCES
refers to the set of rules, guidelines, and formalities that govern the organization, conduct, and interactions
during high-level international meetings involving government officials, heads of state, diplomats, and other
prominent delegates. Following proper protocol ensures that such events run smoothly, efficiently, and with a
focus on achieving the intended objectives.
KEY ASPECTS OF PROTOCOL FOR SUMMITS AND CONFERENCES INCLUDE:
Host Country Protocol: Guidelines for the host country on welcoming and accommodating foreign delegates, providing necessary logistical support, and
organizing official events and activities.
Pre-Summit Preparations: Planning and coordination efforts leading up to the summit, including setting the agenda, arranging bilateral meetings, and
preparing the venue.
Order of Precedence: Determining the hierarchy and ranking of delegates during the summit, especially during formal events and group photos.
Seating Arrangements: Ensuring appropriate seating arrangements for delegates during meetings, banquets, and official functions based on their positions
and diplomatic considerations.
Summit Ceremonies: Formalities and protocols for the opening and closing ceremonies, flag-raising ceremonies, and other ceremonial events that take
place during the summit.
Interpretation and Translation Services: Providing language interpretation and translation services to facilitate effective communication among
participants who speak different languages.
Media and Press Protocol: Guidelines for accrediting and managing media representatives, conducting press conferences, and managing media access to
summit events.
Security Protocol: Implementing stringent security measures to ensure the safety of delegates and participants during the summit.
Gift Protocol: Rules and guidelines for the exchange of official gifts between participating delegations, considering cultural norms and diplomatic
sensitivities.
Summit Documentation: Preparing and disseminating official documents, statements, and communiques issued during or after the summit.
Bilateral and Multilateral Meetings: Organizing and managing one-on-one meetings between participating leaders or representatives to discuss specific
issues or strengthen bilateral relations.
Social and Cultural Events: Planning and hosting social and cultural events to promote interaction and foster goodwill among participants.
Follow-Up Actions: Ensuring that the agreements and decisions made during the summit are effectively followed up and implemented.
Summits and conferences are complex and high-stakes events, often involving numerous countries and
various sensitive issues. Proper adherence to Protocol for Summits and Conferences is critical for building
trust, facilitating constructive dialogue, and achieving successful outcomes. Protocol officers and event
organizers play a key role in coordinating and implementing these protocols to create a conducive and
productive environment for the participants.
2. THE PROTOCOL FOR THE
USE OF STATE SYMBOLS
2. The protocol for the use of state
symbols

The protocol for the use of state symbols refers to the set of rules, procedures,
and guidelines that govern the proper and respectful usage of a country's official
symbols and emblems.
These symbols are typically designated as national flags, coats of arms, national
anthems, and other state emblems that represent the nation's identity and
sovereignty.
Key aspects of Protocol for the Adhering to the Protocol for the Use of State
Symbols is essential for maintaining the dignity, respect, and honor associated
with a country's national symbols.
These protocols help foster a sense of pride and unity among citizens and visitors
while ensuring that state symbols are used appropriately and in accordance with
national values and traditions.
2. The protocol for the use of state
symbols
USE OF STATE SYMBOLS MAY INCLUDE
1. Display of the National Flag: Guidelines for the correct display of the national flag on public
and private buildings, during official events, and on national holidays. The Protocol for the
National Flag requires the mastery and observance of certain rules and customs that all
citizens must adhere to, in order to demonstrate patriotism and respect for the country.

2. Use of the Coat of Arms: Regulations for the proper use and reproduction of the national
coat of arms on official documents, seals, and government materials. The use of the coat
of arms (or emblem) is a significant symbol in heraldry and represents the unique
identity of an individual, family, organization, or country. It typically consists of a
shield, crest, supporters, and motto, which collectively communicate specific historical,
cultural, or heraldic meanings.

3. Usage of National Emblems: Guidelines for using other national emblems, such as state
seals, symbols, and logos, in official and ceremonial contexts. National emblems are often
featured on a country's currency, including coins and banknotes. They serve to reinforce the
national identity and heritage. The national seal is an official emblem used to authenticate
government documents and other important materials. It often includes the coat of arms and
other national symbols. National emblems are typically included in passports and national
identification cards as a mark of citizenship and affiliation with a particular country.
2. The protocol for the use of state
symbols
USE OF STATE SYMBOLS MAY INCLUDE

4. Protocol at National Events: Proper display and use of state symbols during state
ceremonies, official visits, and diplomatic engagements.

5. State Anthem Protocol: Etiquette and procedures for the performance and presentation of
the national anthem during official events and gatherings. The Protocol for the National
Anthem is a type of universal protocol that "obliges" all citizens of a country and
especially its officials to behave solemnly during the singing of the anthem.

6. Unauthorized Usage: Prohibiting the unauthorized or improper use of state symbols for
commercial or personal purposes that may be considered disrespectful or inappropriate.

7. Symbolic Meaning: Explanation of the symbolic meaning and significance of state symbols,
reinforcing their importance in representing the country's values and identity.

8. Enforcement and Compliance: Designating relevant authorities responsible for enforcing the
protocols and ensuring compliance with the guidelines for the use of state symbols.
4.5. The protocol for the use of state
symbols
FLAG PROTOCOL refers to the set of rules and guidelines that govern the display,
handling, and use of flags, particularly national flags, in various situations.

The protocols are designed to show respect and honor for the flag's symbolism and
the country it represents.

Flag Protocol is crucial for maintaining proper decorum and etiquette when
displaying flags at official events, ceremonies, and public gatherings.

Flag Protocol may vary slightly from one country to another, but many aspects are
generally consistent across nations. The protocols often reflect the significance and
respect that flags hold as symbols of national pride, unity, and identity.

Flag Protocol is typically observed during national holidays, state functions, military
events, and other occasions of national importance. It is often overseen by
government agencies, military units, or organizations responsible for upholding the
national flag's dignity and symbolism. Adhering to Flag Protocol demonstrates a
nation's honor and respect for its flag and the values it represents.
2. The protocol for the use of state
symbols
FLAG PROTOCOL MAY INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS:

1. Flag Display: Guidelines on how and where to display the national flag, such as on flagpoles,
buildings, or vehicles. The positioning and angle of the flag are also important
considerations.

The Protocol for the National Flag requires the mastery and observance of certain rules and
customs that all citizens must adhere to, in order to demonstrate patriotism and respect for the
country. Protocols for showing respect to the national flag, including handling, folding, and
disposal.

The presentation of honor to the flag, during parades or other solemn ceremonies, is manifested
in various forms for women compared to men.
 Women remain still, with their hands straight down by their sides or, if they wish, with their
right hand placed over their heart.
 Men uncover their heads and hold their hat in their right hand, over their heart.
 Honor and military salute are presented by military personnel.
2. The protocol for the use of state
symbols
FLAG PROTOCOL MAY INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS:

2. Half-mast (Half-staff) Display: Rules for lowering the flag to half-mast as a sign of
mourning or respect during times of national tragedy or to honor prominent figures. As
a sign of mourning, of great sadness, The flag is flown at half-mast, meaning at the
halfway point of the flagpole. When flown at half-mast, the flag must: first be raised to
the top of the flagpole for a moment, then lowered to half of its height.

3. Multiple Flag Display: Protocol for displaying multiple flags together, such as during
international events, conferences, or diplomatic gatherings.

4. Flag Size and Proportions: Standards for the size and proportions of the flag,
ensuring that it is displayed correctly and with the appropriate dimensions.
2. The protocol for the use of state
symbols
FLAG PROTOCOL MAY INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS:

5. Proper Folding: The correct method of folding a flag, especially when it is taken down or
presented ceremoniously.

6. Raising and Lowering the Flag: Proper procedures for raising the flag in the morning and
lowering it at sunset, as well as during specific occasions and events.

7. Lighting of the Flag: Ensuring that the flag is properly illuminated if it is displayed during the
nighttime.

8. Flag in Parades and Ceremonies: Protocols for carrying and presenting the flag during
parades, military ceremonies, and official events.

9. Flag Placement: Rules for positioning the flag relative to other symbols, banners, or
decorations during events and ceremonies.

10. Handling and Care: Instructions for properly handling, storing, and caring for the flag to
maintain its appearance and longevity.
3. The Usage of State Signs
The State Flag of the Republic of Moldova is a
major official symbol of the sovereignty and
independence of the Republic of Moldova.

The State Flag is a rectangular cloth, with the ratio

between the height and the length of the cloth of
1:2, vertically equal tripartite, starting from the
lance in the colors blue, yellow and red, and having
in the middle of the yellow field the image of the
State Coat of Arms of the Republic of Moldova,
whose width is 1/5 of the length of the flag.

Source: Law no. 217 of 17-09-2010 regarding the State Flag of the Republic of Moldova, Chapter I, article 2.
 3. Hoisting the State Flag
The State Flag is hoisted permanently:
on the buildings and in the offices of public
authorities and institutions, in the service offices of
the leaders, in their meeting, protocol and
celebration rooms;
in the places of permanent deployment of military
units of the Armed Forces of the Republic of
Moldova;
at the headquarters of parties, trade unions,
educational, scientific and cultural institutions;
at state border crossing points, in ports, piers,
airports, train stations, bus stations with
international traffic;
on river and maritime vessels of any type under
the flag of the Republic of Moldova and all
aircrafts.
The State Flag is hoisted temporarily on the
occasion of:
holidays - in public places established by local
public administration authorities;
official festivities and ceremonies of a local,
national and international nature - in their venues;
official visits undertaken in the Republic of
Moldova by heads of state and foreign
governments;
conducting military ceremonies;
swearing-in ceremonies by the President of the
Republic of Moldova, members of the
Government, soldiers, etc.;
conducting sports competitions;
electoral campaigns and during the elections;
days of mourning declared in the established
manner and funeral solemnities.
3. Hoisting the Flag Abroad

(1) Permanently hoisted at the headquarters of diplomatic missions

and consular offices of the Republic of Moldova, as well as at the
residence of the heads of diplomatic missions and consular offices,
according to protocol customs.
(2) The State Flag is hoisted on the means of transport of the heads of
diplomatic missions and consular offices of the Republic of Moldova
during their official trips.
(3) The State Flag is hoisted at protocol actions carried out abroad
outside the headquarters of diplomatic missions and consular offices,
according to protocol customs.
(4) The State Flag is hoisted at the headquarters of the international
bodies of which the Republic of Moldova is a part, in accordance with
the norms of international law and diplomatic protocol.
(5) The State Flag may be hoisted at the headquarters of organizations
and associations of citizens of the Republic of Moldova abroad with
the approval of the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Moldova or
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of the
Republic of Moldova.
 3. Hoisting next to the flags of other states

(1) The flags of other states may be hoisted on the territory of the Republic of Moldova, on the occasion of
official state visits, international festivities and meetings, on official buildings and in established public places,
only together with the State Flag and in compliance with the provisions of the law.

(2) If the State Flag is hoisted together with the flags of other states on the territory of the Republic of Moldova,
the State Flag has priority and will occupy the place of honor, and the linear dimensions of other flags will not
exceed the linear dimensions of the State Flag. Each state flag will be hoisted on its own mast or pole.

The flags of other states are hoisted under equal conditions, in the alphabetical order of the name of the
countries in the state language of the Republic of Moldova.
3. Hoisting the state flag next to the flags
of other states

(two flags in a row)

1 2

RM Germany
3. Hoisting the state flag next to the flags of
other states

(three flags in a row)

Germany RM Denmark
 3. Hoisting the state flag next to the
flags of other states

(four and more than five flags in a row)

RM Denmark Germany Sweden RM

3. Hoisting the state flag next to the flags
of other states

(five and more flags in a semicircle)

Croatia RM
Germany

Denmark Sweden
3. Hoisting the state flag next to the flags
of other states
(several flags in two rows)
3. Hoisting of the state flag next to other
flags of the Republic of Moldova

The flag of the

The Flag of the capital of the Municipal flags
Republic of Republic of respecting the
Moldova Moldova alphabetical order Corporate flags Historical flags

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

The flags of The UTA District flags Private flags Ethnic flags
national Gagauzia flag respecting the
authorities and alphabetical order
institutions,
respecting
hierarchies
ON THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA,
ONLY FLAGS AND OTHER VEXILLARY INSIGNIA
OFFICIALLY REGISTERED BY
THE NATIONAL HERALDRY COMMISSION IN THE
GENERAL ARMORIAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
MAY BE HOISTED.
3. The method of hoisting the state flag

Hoisting on the mast

The dimensions of the flag must be

proportional to the length of the mast, as
follows:

The dimensions of the flag Mast length

0,825 x 1,65 m 5–6m
1x2m 5,5 – 7 m
1,5 x 3 m 9,5 – 12 m
2x4m 13,5 – 15 m
2,5 x 5 m 15 – 17 m
3. The method of hoisting the state flag

Hoisting the flag with bunting

on the facade, the flag is fixed to the support so

that it forms an angle of no more than 45 degrees
in relation to the facade, and the bottom of the
flag is at least 2.5 m above the ground;
the State Flag is hoisted only in one place – above
or to the left of the building's main entrance;
in offices and other service rooms, the bunting flag
is fixed vertically in special supports installed on
the floor, in front of the main wall, the owner of
the office sitting at the table should have the flag
to its right, behind him/her.
 3. The hoisting calendar and
schedule
-- Normally, outside, the
State Flag is raised at
sunrise and lowered at
sunset. The flag can remain
hoisted even at night if it is
specially illuminated.
-- The State Flag is hoisted
temporarily on public
holidays declared in the
established manner.
-- The State Flag is
temporarily hoisted at half
mast during the days of
mourning declared in the
TIMING established manner.
-- The State Flag is
temporarily hoisted at
6:00 a.m. and lowered
after 12:00 p.m. or after
the end of the planned
festivities and
ceremonies.
“Rio Olympics Using Wrong Chinese National Flag”

“When China's women's volleyball team won

their nation's 26th and final gold medal of
the Rio Olympics an incorrect version of the
Chinese flag was hoisted high during the
medal ceremony.”

The errors in the flag were immediately

pointed out and produced an apology from
Mario Andrada, Communications Director for
Rio 2016. New correct flags were swiftly
ordered and were used for almost all of the
remaining medal ceremonies in which China
was involved.
The Hoisted Flag "Five-star Red Flag"
 3. The Use of Coat of Arms

The State Coat of Arms must be

placed:
a) on the premises of authorities and public
institutions, on the signboards, in the service
offices of the managers, in their meeting,
protocol and celebration rooms;
b) on the premises of educational, scientific
and cultural institutions;
c) on the premises of the state border crossing
points, in ports, piers, airports, railway
stations, etc.;
d) on the headquarters of the international
bodies of which the Republic of Moldova is a
part, in accordance with their internal
regulations and the legislation of the
accredited state.
 3. The Use of Coat of Arms

The color, black-and-white outlined or black-and-white

hatched image of the State Coat of Arms is reproduced on:

- official documents, letterheads, forms, printed matter,

editions, business cards and nameplates of persons
holding positions of public dignity, as well as those of
central or local public authorities of any level;

Parliament;

the President of the Republic of Moldova;

the Government;

Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration;

diplomatic missions and consular offices of the

Republic of Moldova;

Constitutional Court;

Supreme Court of Justice.

 3. The Use of Coat of Arms

On the premises provided, the State Coat of

Arms is located on the main facade, depending
on the architectural features: in the middle of
the building facade, in the upper part or above
the main entrance, or to the left of the main
entrance from the point of view of the viewer
entering the building, at a height that allows it
to be seen in its entirety.
In the offices of the heads of authorities and
public institutions, the State Coat of Arms is
placed on the center of the wall, behind the
office table, at a height that allows it to be seen
in its entirety.
 3. The Use of Coat of Arms

In the case of using the State Coat of

Arms together with other territorial,
corporate or private coats of arms on the
territory of the Republic of Moldova, the
State Coat of Arms will occupy the place
of honor, first from the left or first from
the top, and the linear dimensions of
other coats of arms will not exceed the
linear dimensions of the Coat of Arms of
the state.
 3. The Use of Anthem

The National Anthem of the Republic of Moldova is sung:

when hoisting the State Flag of the Republic of Moldova; At the public singing of the
upon taking the oath by the newly elected President of the Republic of anthem of the legal entity
Moldova; together with the National
at the opening and closing of Parliament sessions;
Anthem of the Republic of
Moldova in an official ceremony,
at the inauguration of the monuments; the National Anthem will be sung
within the official ceremonies of handing out state awards; at the opening of the ceremony,
and the anthem of the legal
at the meeting and departure of the heads of state and government, entity - either immediately after
who undertake official visits to the Republic of Moldova. In this case, the
National Anthem of the Republic of Moldova is sung after the national the National Anthem, or at the
anthem of the respective country; closing of the ceremony.
at the opening of solemn gatherings, congresses, symposia dedicated to
outstanding data from the country's history and culture.
4. THE ACCREDITATION OF
MISSION CHIEFS
4. The accreditation of mission
chiefs
The accreditation of mission chiefs plays a crucial role in the realm of international relations
and diplomacy. Mission chiefs, also known as ambassadors, represent their countries abroad
and act as the official channels of communication between nations.

The process of accrediting these diplomatic envoys is a meticulous and significant one that
holds implications for global cooperation, bilateral relations, and effective communication. This
essay delves into the importance, process, and impact of accrediting mission chiefs in the
context of international diplomacy.

The accreditation of mission chiefs is a vital process that underpins effective diplomacy and
international cooperation. Through accreditation, mission chiefs gain legitimacy, diplomatic
immunity, and official recognition, enabling them to represent their countries effectively
abroad.

The impact of this process extends beyond mere diplomatic formalities, as it contributes to
fostering mutual understanding, promoting cultural exchange, and strengthening bilateral
relations. In an increasingly interconnected world, the role of accredited ambassadors remains
pivotal in shaping a harmonious and cooperative global community.
4. The accreditation of mission
chiefs
IMPORTANCE OF ACCREDITATION:

Accreditation is vital for several reasons.

Firstly, it establishes the legitimacy of a mission chief's role in a foreign country. By
receiving accreditation from the host nation, the ambassador gains the recognition
and acceptance necessary to perform diplomatic duties.

Secondly, the accredited mission chief is granted diplomatic immunity, ensuring that
they can carry out their responsibilities without fear of legal repercussions in the
host country. This immunity fosters an environment conducive to open dialogue and
negotiation.

Lastly, accreditation demonstrates a country's commitment to maintaining diplomatic

relations and cooperation with the host nation.
4. The accreditation of mission
chiefs
THE ACCREDITATION PROCESS:

The process of accrediting mission chiefs involves several steps and is governed by
international law and diplomatic conventions.

Initially, the sending country will formally request the host country's consent to
appoint an ambassador.

The host country then assesses the suitability of the proposed candidate based on
their credentials, experience, and expertise. This evaluation ensures that the
appointed mission chief is qualified to represent their country's interests abroad.

Once approved, the host country provides a formal letter of acceptance, officially
recognizing the ambassador's role.
4.6. The accreditation of mission
chiefs
IMPACT OF ACCREDITATION:

The accreditation of mission chiefs has a profound impact on international relations. Firstly, it
facilitates effective communication between nations. Accredited ambassadors act as
intermediaries, conveying messages, discussing policies, and negotiating agreements. Their
diplomatic status allows for direct access to high-level officials and decision-makers, expediting
the resolution of issues and conflicts.
Secondly, accredited mission chiefs play a crucial role in promoting cultural exchange and
understanding. Through various cultural events, exhibitions, and conferences, they showcase
their country's heritage, traditions, and values, fostering mutual respect and appreciation
between nations.
Furthermore, the presence of accredited ambassadors in a host country signals a commitment
to collaboration and partnership. It promotes confidence and trust in diplomatic relations,
leading to enhanced economic, political, and security cooperation between the nations
involved.
Moreover, accredited mission chiefs act as watchdogs for their home countries, providing
valuable insights into the political and economic climate of the host nation. This information
helps the sending country in making informed decisions and shaping their foreign policy.
4. The accreditation of mission
chiefs
The Agrément. In accordance with the provisions of Article 4 of the
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961, the accrediting
state must ensure that the person designated as Ambassador has
received the agrément of the national authorities.

Arrival at Post and Final Departure of Diplomatic Mission Chiefs. The

diplomatic mission communicates the date of arrival/departure of the
Ambassador, the flight, time, and the point of entry/exit of the state
border.

Presentation of Letters of Credence. After arriving at the post, the

Diplomatic Protocol organizes the reception of the new Ambassador
by the leadership of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European
Integration for the presentation of the authentic copies of the letters
of credence and those of recall of their predecessor.
Was this response better or worse?
4.The accreditation of mission
chiefs
The order of precedence among Diplomatic Mission Chiefs is established in
accordance with the agenda for presenting letters of credence to the
President of the Republic of Moldova.

Meetings with the Cabinet of Ministers and other political personalities.

Diplomatic missions may directly contact the cabinets of ministers to
organize working or courtesy meetings. However, meetings exclusively with
the President of the Republic of Moldova, the Prime Minister of the Republic
of Moldova, and the Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration are
requested through the State Diplomatic Protocol.

Travel and absence of the Mission Chief. Diplomatic custom requires that all
trips outside the host country, regardless of the reason, be notified to the
State Diplomatic Protocol. According to Article 19 of the Vienna Convention
on Diplomatic Relations, the appointment of a Chargé d'Affaires ad interim
by the head of the diplomatic mission is done through a verbal note, signed
or initialed by them and addressed to the State Diplomatic Protocol.
4. The accreditation of mission
chiefs
Termination of the Mission. Final departure of the Mission Chiefs.
The embassy will communicate the date of the Ambassador's
mission termination through a verbal note.

Reception of Mission Chiefs. The diplomatic mission is requested to

timely communicate to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs the date of
arrival, means of transportation, and point of entry of the new
mission chief.

Protocol Visits of Mission Chiefs upon Arrival at Post. After arriving

in the country where they will carry out their mission, the mission
chief pays a visit to the Director of Protocol at the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs. The Director of Protocol informs them about the local
customs regarding the ceremony of presenting letters of credence
and the protocol rules that must be observed by diplomatic mission
chiefs in the host country.
4. The accreditation of mission
chiefs
Protocol Obligations of Mission Chiefs' Spouses. After the presentation of
letters of credence by the mission chief, their spouse may request a protocol
visit to be introduced to the spouse of the Minister of Foreign Affairs. The
spouses of mission chiefs send visiting cards to the spouses of Romanian
personalities whom their spouses have made protocol visits to or have sent
visiting cards.
Presentation of the Mission Chief's Collaborators. The mission chief presents
their first collaborator, upon arrival at the post, through a visit to the Director
of Protocol and the Director of Relations at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Other members of the mission with diplomatic rank are introduced, upon
arrival at the post, to the Deputy Director of Protocol at the MFA or other
collaborators of this department. Military attaches and commercial attaches
make presentation visits to the Ministry of National Defense and, respectively,
to the Ministry of Industry and Commerce, following the customs observed in
these ministries.
Dean of the Diplomatic Corps. The Dean of the Diplomatic Corps is the mission
chief with the rank of ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary, having
the longest seniority at the post.