Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Hexose Monophosphate Shunt

phosphogluconate pathway

By
Dr Ihsan S. Mahmood

Objectives
• Understand what is the importance of PPP
• What is its main phases
• How HMS is regulated
 Pentose Phosphate Pathway
• It is an alternative way for catabolism of glucose-6-phoaphate
in the Cytoplasm
• It includes three, irreversible oxidative reactions, followed by a
series of reversible sugar–phosphate interconversions

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

• It doesn’t Produce ATP
• It includes two phases
• Phase One : Irreversible reactions that produce
CO2 and 2 Molecules of NADPH and Ribulose 5-phosphate
• Phase Two :These reversible reactions permit ribulose
5-phosphate to be converted either to Ribose 5-phosphate or
recycled to form glucose
 Pentose Phosphate Pathway
• In which organs this pathway is active ?
• Virtually all tissues : depending on the need
1st : NADPH+
• A) Liver, Lactating mammary glands, and Adipose tissues : in
which its used for _________ synthesis

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

• In which organs this pathway is active ?
• Virtually all tissues : depending on the need
1st : NADPH+
• B) Testes, ovaries, placenta and adrenal cortex : in which its
used for ------------- synthesis
 Pentose Phosphate Pathway
• In which organs this pathway is active ?
• Virtually all tissues : depending on the need
1st : NADPH+
• C) Erythrocytes : in which it is required to maintain reduced
form of glutathione (G-SH) which protects the RBCs from
oxidative stress

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

• In which organs this pathway is active ?
• Virtually all tissues : depending on the need
2nd : Ribose
• D) All cell types synthesizing nucleotides and nucleic acids.
• Mainly : ------------, ----------- and --------------
 Pentose Phosphate Pathway
• Phase One : Irreversible
• .

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

• Phase One : Irreversible
• .
 Pentose Phosphate Pathway
• Phase One : Irreversible
• .
Deficiency

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

• Phase One : Irreversible
• .
Deficiency
 Pentose Phosphate Pathway
• Phase One : Irreversible
• .
Deficiency

Pentose Phosphate Pathway : Phase Two : Reversible

Pentose Phosphate Pathway : Phase Two : Reversible

Pentose Phosphate Pathway : Phase Two : Reversible

Pentose Phosphate Pathway : Phase Two : Reversible

Pentose
Phosphate
Pathway :
Phase Two :
Reversible
Pentose
Phosphate
Pathway :
Phase Two :
Reversible
Transketolase
transfers
two-carbon units in a
thiamine
pyrophosphate (TPP)-
requiring reaction

Pentose
Phosphate
Pathway :
Phase Two :
Reversible
Transaldolase
transfers
three-carbon units
 Fate Hexose monophosphate Shunt

6 Glucose 5 Glucose + 6 CO2

Regulation of Hexose monophosphate Shunt