The entire stack of a computing system is transformed into a

collection of utilities, which can be provisioned and composed

together to deploy systems in hours rather than days and with
virtually no maintenance costs.
 Cloud Computing
US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
defines Computing as:
“Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous,
convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of
configurable computing resources (e.g. networks, servers,
storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly
provisioned and released with minimal management effort or
service provider interaction. ”
 Essential Characteristics
On-demand self-service
A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such
as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without
requiring human interaction with each service provider.
Broad network access
Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through
standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or
thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and
workstations).
Resource pooling
The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple
consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and
virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to
consumer demand.
 Cloud Characteristics
Measured Service
– Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use
by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction
appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing,
bandwidth, and active user accounts).
Resource usage can be
– monitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency for
both the provider and consumer of the utilized service.
Rapid elasticity
– Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released, in some
cases automatically, to scale rapidly outward and inward
commensurate with demand. To the consumer, the capabilities
available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be
appropriated in any quantity at any time.
 Common Characteristics
Massive Scale
Resilient Computing
Homogeneity
Geographic Distribution
Virtualization
Service Orientation
Low Cost Software
Advanced Security
 Cloud Computing Features
An enabling and convenient framework for on-demand
network access.
Shared pool of computing resources e.g. servers, storage,
application etc.
Required minimal management efforts or interaction.
All time service availability.
Rapidly provisioned.
 Cloud Computing Features
Helping enterprises, governments, public and private
institutions, and research organizations shape more
effective and demand-driven computing systems.

• Shared pool of computing resources e.g. servers,

storage, application etc.

• Small enterprises and start-ups can afford to translate

their ideas into business results more quickly, without
excessive up-front costs.
• Minimal maintenance and operational cost/efforts.
 Cloud Computing Features

• Simplified application acceleration and Easy

Scalability: System developers can concentrate on the
business logic rather than dealing with the complexity
of infrastructure management and scalability.

• High Availability: End users can have their

documents accessible from everywhere and any device.
Benefits of Cloud Computing

Less Issues in Using Cloud

• Trustworthy
• Very less probability of hardware failure.
• Automatic failure management.
Scalability
• Cloud scalability refers to the ability to increase or
decrease IT resources as needed to meet changing
demand.
• Data storage capacity, processing power and
networking can all be scaled using existing cloud
computing infrastructures.
Economical
• Cloud computing enables businesses to be more
efficient,
streamlined, and connected, saving them both time and
money.
• Reduction in hardware cost
• Off-site hardware cuts internal power costs and saves
space
• Cloud solutions can also lead to a dramatic decrease in
labor and maintenance costs.
• Available in a pay-as-you-go pricing model.
Less Costly to start a business
• Start-up companies can store, manage,
process data and use programs through a web-
based interface – something that greatly
reduces costs.
• Data stored in the cloud can be accessed
from anywhere through various devices with
web connectivity, which is an advantage for
small companies that don’t have a huge IT
budget.
• Cloud is not all about storage. Companies
can also move their operations and
applications on cloud.
Better Team Collaboration
• Communicate with your team in real-time •
Improve file sharing with faster handoffs and
response rates
• Improve team accountability with better
record keeping
Energy Efficient
• Small amount of workload on server
consumes 50% of the power supply.
• Load balancing is used to make sure that
server are running at almost full capacity and
are not underutilized.
Environment Friendly

• Decrease carbon footprint

• Using full capacity

• A case study done by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
projects that moving business software such as email, CRM, and
more (on a national scale) to the cloud can save enough electricity
each year to power Los Angeles for 12 months. This means the
cloud would lower the total energy consumption of these software
applications by 87%
Location Independent

• User should be able to access the cloud service

ubiquitously and responsively regardless of his
or her location.
• If you are in your home, office, vacation home,
boat, or car, the service should be available, and
perform sufficiently similar to the service that is
local.
• Anytime and Anywhere Available
Better Security
• Cloud security delivers numerous levels of
control in a network infrastructure to afford
protection and continuity.
• Data Protection: security protocols to protect
sensitive transactions and information, ensuring
that a third party does not tamper or eavesdrop
on data in transit.
• Protection against DDoS: stop large quantities
of traffic intended for business’s cloud server.
This involves checking, absorbing, and
scattering a DDoS attacks to reduce the danger.
• Regulatory compliance
Fast delivery to market
• Cloud Computing provide IT Solutions to
make development faster.

Up to date and New Software

• New functionality as per market

requirements.
• Periodic Updates.
Cloud Computing Applications
E-Governance
• Cloud computing permits to uniformly cover the
whole country with e-government solutions

• Service-oriented architecture facilitates

provision of compound services.

• High order of customer order processing, where

a customer may be a citizen or an enterprise
E-Governance Types
• Government to Government (G2G) where information is exchanged
within the government i.e. either, between the central government,
state government and local governments or between different
branches of the same government.
• Government to Citizen (G2C) where the citizens have a platform
through which they can interact with the government and get access
to the variety of public services offered by the Government.
• Government to Businesses (G2B) where businesses are able to
interact with the government seamlessly with respect to the services
of the government offered to businesses
• Government to Employees (G2E) where interaction between the
government and its
employees occurs in an efficient and speedy manner.
• Example: Digital India initiative, National Portal of India, Prime
Minister of India portal,
Aadhar, filing and payment of taxes online, digital land management
systems, common Entrance Test etc