This course will introduce various aspects

of cloud computing, including

fundamentals, management issues, security
challenges and future research trends in the
subject.
 UCS531: CLOUD COMPUTING L T P Cr :2 0 2 3.0
Course Objectives: To learn the concepts of cloud infrastructure and services in addition with its implementation for
assessment of understanding the course by the students.
Introduction and Evolution of Computing Paradigms: General Benefits and Architecture, Business Drivers, Main
players in the Field, Overview of Existing Hosting Platforms and its architecture, Cluster Computing, Grid Computing,
XaaS Cloud Based Service Offerings, Overview of Security Issues. Classification of Cloud Implementations: Key
Amazon offerings-Amazon Web Services, The Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Simple Storage Service (S3), Simple
Queuing Services (SQS), Bundling Amazon instances, AWS Identity Management and Security in the Cloud, Messaging
in the Cloud, RESTFul Web Services.
Virtualization: Virtualization, Advantages and disadvantages of Virtualization, Types of Virtualization: Resource
Virtualization i.e. Server, Storage and Network virtualization, Migration of processes, Classic Data Center, Virtualized
Data Center (Compute, Storage, Networking and Application), Business Continuity in VDC. VMware vCloud – IaaS,
Network virtualization through Software Defined Networks.
Cloud based Data Storage: Introduction to Hadoop, Hadoop Ecosystem (Pig, Hive, Cassandra and Spark), Introduction
No-SQL databases, Map- Reduce framework for Simplified data processing on Large clusters using Hadoop, Data
Replication, Shared access to data stores.Related Technologies: Introduction to Fog Computing and Edge Computing,
Usage of Cloud for IoT and Big data analytics, Overview of Google AppEngine - PaaS, Windows Azure
Self-learning Content: Cloud Issues and Challenges: Cloud models, Cloud computing issues and challenges like
Security, Elasticity, Resource management and Scheduling, QoS (Quality of Service) and Resource Allocation, Cost
Management and Cloud bursting.
Laboratory work:
To implement Cloud, Apache and basics of Hadoop framework, an open source implementation of MapReduce, and its
Java API, Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). Implementation of RESTFul Web Services. To understand various
concepts about virtualization and data storage. To implement few algorithms with the help of MapReduce and some high-
level language.
Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs) / Course Objectives (COs):
After the completion of the course, the student will be able to:
1. Comprehend the basic concepts and architecture of Cloud computing.
2. Implement Cloud Services through AWS offerings and Restful web services.
3. Apply the knowledge of virtualization through different virtualization technologies.
4. Perform operations on data sets using Map Reduce framework, SQL and NO SQL databases.
Computing is transformed into a model consisting of services
that are commoditized and delivered in a manner similar to
utilities such as water, electricity, gas, and telephony. -
Computing utilities

Users access services based on their requirements, regardless

of where the services are hosted.

Cloud computing is the most recent emerging paradigm

promising to turn the vision of “computing utilities” into a
reality
Cloud computing is a technological advancement that are based on
the design of computing systems, develop applications, and
leverage existing services for building software.

Cloud computing is a concept of dynamic provisioning in terms of

compute capability, storage, networking, and information
technology (IT) infrastructure in general.
Computing services are readily available on demand, just as other
utility services (other commoditized services) such as water,
electricity, telephone, and gas are available in today’s society.

Users (consumers) need to pay providers only when they access the
computing services.
Convergence of various advances in technology leading to the
advent of cloud computing.
Cloud computing turns IT services into utilities.
This delivery model includes composition of several technologies,
which have reached the appropriate maturity level.
Web 2.0 technologies.
It plays a central role in making cloud computing an attractive
opportunity for building computing systems.
They have transformed the Internet into a rich application and
service delivery platform, mature enough to serve complex needs.
Service orientation allows cloud computing to deliver its
capabilities with familiar abstractions.
Virtualization confers on cloud computing the necessary degree of
customization, control, and flexibility for building production and
enterprise systems.
Cloud computing vision
 Cloud Computing
Information processing can be done more efficiently
centrally, on large farms of computing and storage
systems accessible via the Internet.
“clouds” are the natural evolution of traditional data
centers
Offer subscription-based access to
infrastructure(IaaS), platforms(PaaS), and
applications(SaaS)
Many open research problems
 Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing is a framework for enabling

convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool
of computing resources (e.g. servers, storage,
applications etc.) that can be rapidly provisioned and
released with minimal management effort or service
provider interaction, which in turn promotes
availability.
It is a model for enabling ubiquitous, on-demand access
to a shared pool of configurable computing resources,
which can be rapidly provisioned and released with
minimal management effort.
Buyya
• Cloud is a parallel and distributed computing system consisting of a
collection of inter-connected and virtualized computers that are
dynamically provisioned and presented as one or more unified computing
resources based on service-level agreements (SLA)
Vanquero
• Clouds are a large pool of easily usable and accessible virtualized
resources (such as hardware, development platforms and/or services).
These resources can be dynamically reconfigured to adjust to a variable
load (scale), allowing also for an optimum resource utilization.
McKinsey
• Clouds are hardware based services offering compute, network, and
storage capacity where: Hardware management is highly abstracted from
the buyer, buyers incur infrastructure costs, and infrastructure capacity is
highly elastic
 Cloud Computing
The phrase Cloud Computing means a type of Internet-based
computing - including servers, storage and applications.
 Computing paradigm shift
1969, Leonard Kleinrock
Mainframes
• These were the first
examples of large
computational facilities
leveraging multiple
processing units.
• Powerful, highly reliable
computers specialized for
large data movement and
massive input/output (I/O)
operations.
• Not Distributed, offered
large computational power
by using multiple
processors, which were Computing paradigm shift
presented as a single entity
 What is Cluster Computing?
• A cluster is a parallel or distributed computer system
consisting of a collection of inter-connected stand-alone
computers working together as a single integrated
computing resource.
• Key components of a cluster include multiple
standalone computers (PCs, Workstations, or SMPs),
operating systems, high-performance interconnects,
middleware, parallel programming environments, and
applications
• Clusters are usually deployed to improve speed and/or
reliability over that provided by a single computer while
typically being much more cost-effective than single
computer of comparable speed or reliability

• In a typical cluster: – Network: Faster, closer

connection than a typical network (LAN) – Low latency
communication protocols – Loosely coupled than SMP
Cluster Computing
• Starting in the 1980s,
clusters become the
standard technology for
parallel and high-
performance computing.
• Technology advancements
created cheap commodity
machines.
• Machines could then be
connected by a high-
bandwidth network and
controlled by specific
software tools that manage
them as a single system. Computing paradigm shift
 Types of Cluster
• High Availability or Failover Clusters
• Load Balancing Cluster
• Parallel/Distributed Processing Clusters
 Cluster Components
• Basic building blocks of clusters are broken down
into multiple categories:
• Cluster Nodes
• Cluster Network
• Network Characterization
Grid Computing
• Appeared in the early 1990s as an
evolution of cluster computing.
• Grids initially developed as
Aggregations of geographically
dispersed clusters by means of
Internet connections.
• These clusters belonged to
different organizations, and
arrangements were made among
them to share the computational
power.

Computing paradigm shift

Cluster vs Grid Computing
Cluster vs Grid Computing
 Type of Grids
Computational Grid: These type of grids provide secure
access to large pool of shared processing power suitable for high
throughput applications and computation intensive computing.
Data Grid: Data grids provide an infrastructure to support data
storage, data discovery, data handling, data publication, and data
manipulation of large volumes of data actually stored in various
heterogeneous databases and file systems.
Collaboration Grid: With the advent of Internet, there has been
an increased demand for better collaboration. Such advanced
collaboration is possible using the grid. For instance, persons
from different companies in a virtual enterprise can work on
different components of a CAD/CAM project without even
disclosing their proprietary technologies.
 Type of Grids
Network Grid: A Network Grid provides fault-tolerant and
high-performance communication services. Each grid node
works as a data router between two communication points,
providing data-caching and other facilities to speed up the
communications between such points.

Utility Grid: This is the ultimate form of the Grid, in which

not only data and computation cycles are shared but software
or just about any resource is shared. The main services
provided through utility grids are software and special
equipment. For instance, the applications can be run on one
machine and all the users can send their data to be processed
to that machine and receive the result back.
Grid Components
The entire stack of a computing system is transformed into a
collection of utilities, which can be provisioned and composed
together to deploy systems in hours rather than days and with
virtually no maintenance costs.