PAGE NO

DATE

exanaple:

Hat
Called eotty
Trê
-The seak entty doyn t Cortan any
any Key

the eriy
Nae ard ge dat

-The weak enttty A gepeented by a double

qecagl

Loan instalment

()Paatapaar contdh.
- Pattepaton constafa tell uy thod the
selstinahtes. cao etthe be total oa parta

When each Cat ty Pa an antty

Total panRdpaHon:.When
Aet pavRapaty Pn a eli on 9+ YA aJed
Totl paqRpaton,
Tot paztapaton zpreenje by double Uue
Patal þavkd pators A0 ent tey Prn the
enfty do not paapatt gn lat
PagBad giäpatn
 entty
total papst

oinalty Rofo
-Theen Hey
diarmoro
denoted by qetargb elatus
by
R ENTITY 2

-The, e ae numbs
numbas (ebgeerto
(aebgeetas byby M ard N) wfte
above the ohich Coonec

Thege cald Gratty Rat

Thee peen the masmum numbee enftey
that an be
aygo catd th each ota thaog
gplaetonshp,R
Tpu atinalty Thee ae 4

One
one to
Mory
e

Mâny to One
Many to Many
¬1
 I\OL N

Recuayshe plaffhp
- The heatfon bjw anttey same type ta
clled Recuytre golatfomher
he Reccqse gelatforghtp h nottrg bud, atonp'y
oplatbnahip
Setert on be a clan deade ard hardle othey
stdet but
Aoade A Tthely a stuoler
a nherce daacle tay

lan looley

Clas Mortoyshdas

Ralatfonship
Spealzator
Spaall aton -doun atgoaco,
to Ganea zton Can be broken
One Qeue! antty
douon nto too loo level enttty
Subset an
Some chaacrda
Noapmallu , the Gup chy dend tet,
set then ddod. eMpLOYET
an evGLOPER
specaltud as TeSTe
entny Can bewhat
 PAGE NO
DATE:

eMPLOyeE

TESTER DevELOPER

(a) Develop an ee Diaggam bq keeping tach

aoaton abad ompany databoye tkeg
Roto account atleat e ent9Hy
Fhe goo thee scherg atitectuse tn to
Qepamt te qe

Ttae aboye le eR the

Empla Depatrsed and

enity (o1) Enttty et
Dofendlerd wJeak entty
AddyesSalay, Ssn
EMPLOYEE Gthy
 PAGE NO
DATE

Dane
Ctootw
Salav
Nunb
N
ane
woRKS
foR
DePARTMENT
¬MpLOYEE
sntda

CoNITRAS

tN
PRaJECd
Supeisr wORES
Supyto ON

KSURERINSayN

DEPENDENIS

DePENDENT

Name. Sex )Bpate) ee

(u) WPth a neat oqnan, evplaPn the Comporent modyly
ot DBMS and theg ?nteractb
AngtThe tp pogt the auge eA to the
vazfey uyegd he datbaje anv q0omet 4 thei
Integacty
- The aor Ahows he Pntejnay the DQMS
epon?ble storap
angactos Cenh acs to
DBMS
teaed that
dota Many oh etthoye ? Pr
Stoved on
the daabge OY

ar
 \deacen PAGE NO
DATE

DOA

Applrcaton
Uses:DBA St Gyual Usey pog1oMNg Pageue
tis
DDt Inteqactve
Statement P Queny

DD Zompile PqecanpileE KoHot

Compilen DM Com p?lg3
uey Crp?leyad
OpHmiza1

DBA CoMMard
uies,) and Tay actoy

Datboye
Dath

Concuay Coto
Back up)Reeovey
Subsysry
Syste
Dat 3terqed batabaye InpdfDutpt
DPCoroy) rom Databar

Bg. baboje Supte Evionweut

nteaco to cagual DBÐ

Qme3

ApplPcaton þrgaMNED who

me hott proqramirg laigug
-The angquoy that f yed datbay e fhatton
ograng the hot arg
Example
pargmah?e yos soho do dato enty work by
ava Netab to hrangacto
 PAGE NO
DATE

PDBASh
The Datbaye Aish cbr Ge4) ga ndvdual
peqsenotbjepr Control rg, mafntenance, co-ordrak.
operatfon databa e Maragenen Syatw
- Thelg ole ayo vagtg fom corqsatfon,
dattbaye da?gn, secu sf ty, toude shoot?r, backup
and data geLove
teterse
(alDDL
mpila: peceye, cheê celpstong, spertad h he
DDL stor dacfptforgtu Qcheros Cmota-data)
the DBMS Cataleg.
Detalegt Inclucy Pndo suchy nany 4 sie rle,
rones 4 data type, dota leyd

utrg tta trtevate tet

aIntezac tive Queny Iotefae Ioteract yp q ome
Pnte a
pey ompla: that Comptle hem Pnto an ntra
sues oe Compfad kovm brdly hPgh. leval yueg
-thfA Snteral aquay s subject b Quey opfirasn
poble edeg opgakony dutg excuton
( Applcottor progranNNOD:
They age the derelopen oho oteqact cthH the
datibaye heany DML

(a Pae-compsleg The b-iten gn host

Ctt that e subnthd
pre-Conyptla
extod bML CoMMad hom an applatfon

DM omple: DML CONNG ago Com?teot

 PAGE NO
DATE

The qn 9me databaye þrocovsoy Cxecutu

(0 The
pafilged Conminande
(6) RevoKE
Grant i Grg Ging peymllon
pymbsfon -to yas
Revolce : Take back þeminorg toM or y.
(2) The ex ecutable
) The canned
quey plany
hayactoy

H ooky
o aith Gored data
Maragey
(6) th Bloch daqgoy, esplotn fqart
databaye dofr phaya
MPnfuovld

REQUR EMEN5
CoLECION D
ANALYSIS
fyqenert Dato Renyierent
FUNTONAL ANALYSS oNCEPTU AL DESIGN
tegh tevel Tianachn Conteptal chera
Cln a' Kgh-leve data Modol)
Speafiaton
toetcet DESTN
COATA MODEL NAPPING))

APPLICAToN Log? cal (Conceptual) gehengo

PROGRAM tn the data Mode a
DéslGN Sped c pBMS)
PHYSICAL DESl 6 N
TRANSACTION
MPLENENTN ON Inteqral chave
Applcodtoo praany
 PAGE NO
DATE

The qun 9me dhtabcy e procavOY Cxecy

()The þaflagud Conminands
(b) RevorE
Grant i Giang pemaston to yan
Revolce : Take back þemifons rom
(2) The ecutable quey plary
) The canned hanact

- H opky tt Gor data

(6) oRth Block caqgoN, evplofn dfqart pha

databye dofon
(MPnfucold

REQUIR EMENT5
CoLLECNON ND
ANALYSIS

favtzonenti Darto Rorygerens

FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS CoNCEPTU AL DESlN

tgh tevel Tianach Concepto cheme

(In a' Kgh-leve data Model)
Spedkiaton
toetcAt DESTN
COHTÐ MODEL NAPPING)
DEM$ SpesR
APPLICATo N Logt cal (onceptual) ehen
PRDGRAM ttn the dato Mod
DEIGN Sped{e DBMS)
PHYSICAL DESIGN

TRANSACTION
JMPLENENNON Inteqrd GChave
APplto progras
-The ou bhaves
dofyn ae (o Reqgevay
databaye dofan
Co lecon ard traly PAGE NO
()Con ceptal Defon DATE

(9 Logfea pe?grn
XTheat Shep ahownz4, -yernenth allectn no
Analys
The
dotalhje
phaye
defgndata bae defgn Ps
Resyuqernen
eolec Ifon andhaluFi, 1teae databaje dafns
Collect the data
IeNLement gom utuje
ard fa analyped and' net 'paysed
on to next phaye caled Conceptual da'gn phaye
pagallel to thi applkatn piagan
ofI be dbned
And þaallel to thin we qe
the Aunctoral Aralyis
- Conceptual deßgn he Snd playe thu.
datdee defg'the
H gecevey data genyuispment tom
Hae t fhoye
Ih we design a Con ceptual achenma
ufng the rlevel dota Model
Next A Logical dafgn thaye ; tHeze Concepshual
ohema îiA împlementeo model ng tta data
as pece DaMms Auch ay elatoral (o
objectgeatonal databaye Moole
lart phay e callod
The
Jatey
 PAGE NO
DATE

æDBMS alogi

() Srapshoi:
Thel data the datbaye at a
callad Srapaho!
alyo Called Jthe the cggent set occupahca
the databaye.

) yalue set:
- ach Simple atttbte e an any type r auoatad
value set (oq doma?n va lua) ohoh
fpectlrg the set a value that moy be ausimed to
thatatt-Abude e eoch tndPdual endity
qag aA alawad enploycy blw
b and o, oeo can' spedfy the valu e set o the
Age attbute EMPLOYEE to be the set nte)
- Value set age Sr lay to thy bayfe alta
ava?asle n mott pgvamnig agugs, such
 PAGE NO

DATE

)
plan detel advantagsying DBMS
As ) APooch.
nhrolrng Palundancy
databaye
aggs to Moragenent
the dup lPcaton Gpten
dato (BMs), qewt
-HIS pos tant to mrfze gd uudonay ?n orde
tol mafntan dato

dat maelrg to
Corataterey
yey vafouy
techntjue'Pke nozmal9zatfon 4
-TH techefyue helpcontol edurdanay doto n o
gn ogartirg
data dupeoton' rnprovi gr fhctyed
mana, aedudg data alato
Rnteaafity
(s) Restafctrg Unauthoqfzad Aces
Ioplemenng secusty meyuey such y yuy e
-Audher caton, acen Contl and
VAez Aurth e cafien enug9 that encnptton
only authot ed
Can
acces the dotabaye by
het to pavid vaRd vaRd cge dertal AUcheyuzPrg
ay ygyou
4payword
-This hels to protect Serve erdke data stored
thol olotabaye, mak?ng pt urgeacable to
unautho1d

(9 Povtdng Pozlatot Storag or prognay Cbjecty

OGecd -oqfented databeye ykn rake ptallo us
y to fBore comple x qunthne objectn h aeandoy
He objech Can guvye even
paqraMeros f an be qet 'eve
heeda,
t Bke satng 4 acensirg nep da
 PAGE NO
DATE

w) Paeucrg torag guctqe ard fea ch Tech.

lechntyu
Databaje bytes ust paoy Yde echny uey
he ard Upda
the
yuey peces ad Optizoton moolu
yuey execakon blan soeh yudy ba
an

Shuctue 'on
b) Paovdlrg Backup and
- A DBMS mut
prode
feavey
The
Rom todwae qeLovehg
DBnS
backup 4 geovey
geoiey bubhysg the
H elpy to'etbre the
datab aye 4 helo
ppted Duy yauab le dala
(6) govdg Mutfplo Use Inte<a.
-Bauemary tpo y with yauy?ry lovel
a Databayey cqe uyed by Lofde
ange yem, a
level tech ni al rawleddg
Sypovrg mutHRpb ye ntey ocay Pn a DgMs,
ehygeyyen to Pafily hte
- Hs all abt
ract th the databn
Nak?ng tha' dotaboye

1) ARepgasethg Conplex febtonipn hsonq Date

DSMs 'Muyt have the capabstty to
vatety
dato to anpley lafousp anong te ne

they ate.
 PAGE NO
DATE

appRatoy have Ceqto?n Pntqtty

Mot catabae muyt
cons hotnth that hold
hold -foq Corshoo1
the alala
- The gmplet type ntgaty Yovolve
a dtá type Aor eoch dota 9k.
theye oyhain ,the DBMS Rient
?valed o o ongfa tert dota be? ford
nthe databaye

Allcufng înlegenng
and tony va quley Sn a
DA MIS can enhonee 9h uncorabty
H helpo to''mahe the fpiem
yten mqe Sndel:gert Go
hanlig_daa

(6) L9at exploi n actan on the Sene Pn

databaye n dotas)
0) Databaye ttêplstato
) Databaye Des?gne
3) Erd UA

Brfinee)
W
Detaboye Adrntstatos:
- Th any oaqonaHon hege nony pegsory ye the
Sane ne o a chet
adshato to ovejsee¢ na the eouca.
databaye envpnanl,
envipnant, dhe
the þaîvony pOLZce
the datataye trel and the
econday soure
9the bB MS gelsted etoae
iA the
Adtintateftg thye geuga
te datab, e adehiatrab
 PAGE
DATE

They oge eponble fo1

he databaje' n
hardle ta
-Th ey
ConfaguraRon, ecufy, backup
Phe dtabaye
prsallaton
and ge ovey,
pe'omace tuing 4 ye maragnont
thiy eyye te Smoott
datrb y e

(9) Databaye Deignes:

- Databae detanes me seponhble -pa datgrg
bru ctuye
-They caeat the dtibay e schena, daline tahl
elatbnh?p 4 deßan the databoe
Drtabae destgnas aye qepon,?ble -for Bertire
the data be tored fn the databye
Roq choos ng pepa
prpes Atuctue to epent 4
tore thâ data

to CommunNcote
Saponstinth ty'al1 dahbay e degnea
p3opec ve daataye
ye urdestad thet qeayizerend

enl Ubeheye e Peoon cto Qces the

Thege ae Reveja)
) Qyual erd yen
( NofvelParamwehc d uey
(3) Sophiatcatad end
wtad- alone yeo
Uje doobaye caoraly
Guey langog to ped
Marag
 PAGE NO
DATE

They ae gepontbie fot manang mainbh

the' databae yem
-Th ey hardle tayto he dotabye Prtllatt
Confuratfon, ecuf, backup and
pelomace tung ye maragmant
thiy eryue te Simocth Cpeatton 4Pritg
datbay e

(9) Dotabae Dearnes:

Databay e
e uctuye 4 organtzation the databae.
-They cacate the databay e scheng, dalne tablea
elatorh? p 4 defan the databoye
Deabaye dessgngs aje qponsble -for dentie
thedta be tod in the databye
fo chooA nq pop Ahucte to
tore thi dats
I+ A he guporbinty dahby e delna
to Commuote Lth allpzopectve catbaye
ye in ozde doto undestard theh aeyigenent
egeate a dutgo thd necy thaye genyeal
(5) enl Obes heye ae pezon sto Qces he

fneae
Thee ae Sevejal
aual erd cyecaegng ard yesi
() NefveParanuelcendond uyey
(5)SopkAtMcatad ye
wland-alone yero
-Uje dalabaye cassonally
quey langg Gpedts
the zaqota
HRah leve)
Manag
 PAGE NO

DATE

( Ngve<Pa,ongehc end Ue
- freyuety gyuey) upedat e databae
yng 'otanda, d canned Taongaciby
- Ey Baok teleg s check accaunt balong
poat oHhd pune depon?t

Incude engineea, scerttatn, buynes

Aralyh
Implenant thoy own apþi cafoN to neet
thes conplex eyueha
(0) SHand alone Usey
Mcirtete peqsonal datates by uyfrg eady
Nde pvogqar þackog
Pqovtdeeajyto ye Menu (o) q9ophJ
bayed ante<acsa
An exanple PAP tay pao tool ttat
belpa nd?yidual (e) bupne mang the
peuonal-fnandal dato o ax puapos

Ryen talsy,bi Deteair neadh end ys gpelaly

naive 4 bajanee yes
Agplycaten peqyanNe: Implament, tet, docu Mert 4
Ma?ntn poqrong that -the
Menoned above.
 PAGE NO
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(3) th nat
dqqon,expicin he eapansol
Thake
e qoal
scherna ckectuqe' and
geo Schemo a}hitectue
Dota Irdperoa
Aepate tha.
lugy applcatb» pom
dathye

Erteral,
evol VBew Extegral
VPew
Atrgnal] Cancephal
Mapptrng
Conceptal Level Conceptal Schema.
Cont eptd /nten
Mapg
Iteanal leve) Intoqral Schema

Stayed Databay e

aqchtectqe, schemay Can be at te

1. Itono) loved tay on fatenal

chemo,
dycbg the phyiYa orap stuctue the cdstbsu
y4 a phytal dato model degctby te
comple te detat cata ftoyag ard accen path
the catdbye
O. The
onceptual leve! toy a conceptual Behena,
dlesi be the $tuctue the ohod e catboye b
a Communfty
yep and
- Rdg the dety stuctu9
phyto) btoyay stuc tu
 PAGE N
DATE

conceohaote -fte, dota tpy, zeltsp,

dycai ng enfite
arc Conytti
ye opegato y ed to dycbe the
gepasetutioal dba model fa
onceptua chema chen databay e syten A
Rmplemented.
bayed
mplementaton con ceptual schema a eten Jevel
On a Lonptua fchema daqn a

data Model.

a- The
8. ete-ral view leve Incde a hunbag
Schemoy yey vtew,
extenal
the dotabeye tht ao þavfiodo
-oleycofbey the past hde the
Yh teaes kd ?n ord
ye qop A
the databaye om that ye extenal schemo a
- A eo the bevouy level, each'
9entatfonal daita
ypfay Pmpleimented yrg a

schena destyn i
Nodal, poblydotybajedmoolelan
on extonal
a Hoh- level
Data rdependance
Ddta hlependaa, oheh can be he
the Schene at one : leud a datbYse Stn
Sytm
fthat havhp to clarg the schena at the net hyhy
tpa
ata Jneperdne ;
Ceacty
haiio
t chang the
Conaptal kheno wfthod
Charg extorra schea ov)
 Con be app hed to
clog consha? tte Conceptual
gchema wtthout abecng the 'exteral PAGE NO

chemay progras DATE

the Canceptual schema to expard he databa,

Conyhed ntb, to veluce tho datbaye

Phytal tta hdqskna

Gopactty to chag te fnternal hera wfthod havag
to chong theConeptal ghena tence, the exsteyral hemes
med to be chargd
shuctyg - to the
addtnal
palereeqtgal update