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Times General Medicine II

Essays
*Classify anaemias (3). Discuss the aetiology (2), clinical features (3),
investigations (3) and management (2)/treatment (2) of iron
deficiency anaemia.
*Classify anaemia and briefly describe the clinical features of
anaemia. How will you investigate and manage a case of anaemia in
a 20-year-old female?
10
*Classify anaemias. Describe the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
features (3) and management (3) of megaloblastic anaemia.
*Discuss the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical features and
management of pernicious anaemia.
*Describe the causes, clinical features, diagnosis and management of
hemolytic anaemias.
*Classify renal failure. Describe the aetiology, clinical features,
investigations and management of chronic renal failure.
*Describe the aetiology (2), clinical features (2), laboratory
diagnosis/investigations and management/treatment of acute renal
6 failure. ● ● ● ● ● ●
*Classify the causes of acute renal failure (2). Describe the
complications (2) and management (2) of acute renal failure.
*Define acute renal failure (ARF). Discuss the causes and
management of ARF.
*Describe the clinical features of thyrotoxicosis. Enumerate the
investigations which will confirm the diagnosis. Discuss the
treatment plan of thyrotoxicosis.
*How is thyroxine secreted? Describe the clinical features (2),
4
(laboratory) investigations (2) and treatment/management of
● ● ●
thyrotoxicosis.
*Explain the aetiology, clinical features and management of
hyperthyroidism.
 *Define and classify leukaemias. Write in detail the clinical features,
investigations and management of acute leukaemias.
4 *Describe the pathogenesis, clinical features (2), peripheral smear ● ● ● ●
findings/(laboratory) investigations (2) and treatment/management
(2) of chronic myeloid leukemia.
*Describe the aetiology (2), clinical features (2), complications,
investigations (2) and management (2) of nephrotic syndrome.
3
*Discuss the clinical features and treatment of nephritic and
● ● ●
nephrotic syndrome.
Describe/discuss the aetiology, clinical features (3), investigations
3 (3), complications (2) and management (2)/treatment of ● ● ●
hypothyroidism.
*Describe the aetiology, clinical features (2), diagnosis, management
(2) and complications of diabetic ketoacidosis.
*A 30-year-old male, known diabetic has come with high-grade
fever, breathlessness and cough. His investigations reveal WBC
3
count 25,000/mL, random blood sugar (RBS) 400 mg/dL and urine
● ● ●
ketone 3+. Mention the causes of acute dyspnoea. Mention acute
metabolic complications of diabetes mellitus. How would you
manage this patient?
*Give an account of the diagnostic criteria (2) and target organs (2)
affected in diabetes mellitus. Add a note on the use of oral drugs in
3 the management of type II diabetes mellitus (2). ● ● ●
*Discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and management of type II
diabetes mellitus.
*Discuss the aetiology, clinical features, investigations, complications
and management of Cushing's syndrome.
2
*Describe the aetiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management
● ●
of adrenal insufficiency.
*Describe the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical features,
investigations and management of acute kidney injury.
2
*Discuss the clinical features, diagnosis, complications and
● ●
management of chronic kidney disease.
Enumerate the infections of the CNS. Describe the clinical features
2 (2), investigations (2), complications and management/treatment of ● ●
tuberculous meningitis.
 *Draw and label the circle of Willis. Enumerate the risk factors for
stroke. Discuss the investigations and management of thrombotic
2 stroke. ● ●
*Mention the risk factors for stroke. Describe the aetiopathogenesis,
clinical features and management of ischaemic stroke.
Describe the clinical features of rheumatoid arthritis. How will you
1
investigate and manage a case of rheumatoid arthritis?
●
Explain the pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, differential
1
diagnosis and management of myasthenia gravis.
●
Discuss the clinical features, mechanism of action, diagnosis and
1
management of acute organophosphorous poisoning.
●
Discuss the aetiology, clinical features, investigations and treatment
1
of AIDS.
●
A 25-year-old male presents to the medicine outpatient department
with history of fever of 3 weeks duration and splenomegaly. What
1
are the differential diagnoses you will entertain? How will you
●
investigate to arrive at the diagnosis?
1 How will you proceed to investigate a case of paraplegia? ●
Describe the risk factors for acute myocardial infarction (MI). How
1
will you investigate and treat acute MI?
●
Mention the causes of viral hepatitis. Discuss the mode of spread,
1
clinical features and complications of hepatitis B infection.
●
Short Notes
*Pre-test counselling for HIV patients (2)
*HAART therapy (2)
*HIV infection:
- Post-exposure prophylaxis (2)
11
- Opportunistic infections (2)
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
- Diagnosis
*Anti-retroviral protease inhibitor drugs
*AIDS and the lung
*Professionalism
*Informed consent (3)
9 *Breaking bad news ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
*(Patient) confidentiality (as an ethical principle) (3)
*Patient's rights
 *Psoriasis (2):
- Management (2)
9 - Treatment (2) ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
- Clinical features
- Complications (2)
*Diabetic nephropathy
*Diabetic neuropathy
*Oral hypoglycaemic agents
*Insulin sensitizers
*Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA):
8
- Management
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
- Treatment
*Diabetes mellitus:
- Complications
- Macrovascular complications
*Norwegian scabies
*Crested scabies
8 *Scabies (3): ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
- Management
- Treatment (2)
*(Acute ischaemic) cerebrovascular accident (CVA):
- Treatment
- Risk factors
7
- Management
● ● ● ● ● ● ●
*Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) (3)
*Blood supply of internal capsule
*Rheumatoid arthritis:
- Clinical features
5
- Extra-articular manifestations
● ● ● ● ●
*Disease-modifying anti-rheumatoid drugs (DMARDs) (3)
*Depression (1):
- Treatment
5
- Management (2)
● ● ● ● ●
*Anti-depressant drugs
 *Iron deficiency anaemia (1):
- Diagnosis
5 - Causes ● ● ● ● ●
- Clinical features
*Megaloblastic anaemia (2)
*Generalised tonic-clonic seizures
*Anti-epileptic drugs
5
*Management of status epilepticus (2)
● ● ● ● ●
*Late-onset seizures
*Meningitis:
- Causes
5 - Complications (2) ● ● ● ● ●
*Cryptococcal meningitis (1):
- Treatment
*Addison's disease:
- Treatment
5 - Clinical features (2) ● ● ● ● ●
*Side effects of corticosteroids
*Clinical features of Cushing's syndrome
*Peripheral smear study
*Cerebrospinal fluid analysis
●
5 *Tumour markers in clinical practice ● ● ●
*Importance of urine examination ●
*Lumbar puncture
*Snake bite:
- Management (2)
5
- Manifestations
● ● ● ● ●
- Clinical features (2)
*Paracetamol poisoning
*Organophosphorous poisoning:
5 - Clinical features ● ● ● ● ●
- Treatment (2)
*Treatment of salicylate poisoning
*Parkinsonism (Parkinson's disease):
4 - Clinical features (2) ● ● ● ●
- Treatment (2)
 *Schizophrenia (2):
4 - Clinical features ● ● ● ●
- Management
*Hyperthyroidism:
- Treatment
4
- Management (2)
● ● ● ●
*Clinical features of thyrotoxicosis
*Bulimia nervosa
4
*Anorexia nervosa (3)
● ● ● ●
(Laboratory) diagnosis/diagnostic criteria of systemic lupus
4
erythematosus (SLE)
● ● ● ●
*Wernicke(-Korsakoff) encephalopathy (2)
4 *Neurological manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency ● ● ● ●
*Pellagra
3 Bipolar disorders (Manic depressive psychosis) ● ● ●
3 Trigeminal neuralgia ● ● ●
*Hypoglycemia (2):
3 - Causes ● ● ●
- Management
*Chronic myeloid leukaemia:
- Diagnosis
3
- Clinical features and management
● ● ●
*Philadelphia chromosome
*Typhoid (enteric) fever:
3 - Complications (2) ● ● ●
- Diagnosis
3 Anxiety neurosis ● ● ●
*Haemodialysis (1):
3
- Indications (2)
● ● ●
2 Tumour lysis syndrome ● ●
2 Migraine ● ●
*Erythema marginatum
2
*Rheumatic fever
● ●
2 Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord ● ●
*Causes of coma
2
*Causes of coma in a diabetic patient
● ●
 *Nephrotic syndrome:
2 - Causes ● ●
- Management
*Hypothyroidism:
2 - Clinical features (2) ● ●
- Diagnosis
*Acute renal failure (1):
2
- Causes
● ●
2 Delirium tremens ● ●
*Pemphigus vulgaris
2
*Pemphigus
● ●
2 Causes of thrombocytopaenia ● ●
*Leptospirosis:
2 - Investigations (2) ● ●
- Treatment
*Treatment of cerebral malaria
2
*Malaria
● ●
*Management of uncomplicated urinary tract infection
2
*Asymptomatic bacteriuria
● ●
*Clinical features and management of cutaneous fungal infections
2
*Azole anti-fungals
● ●
*Urticaria (1):
2 - Causes ● ●
- Management
1 Tinea versicolor ●
1 Polycystic kidney disease ●
1 Obsessive compulsive disorders ●
1 Potassium-sparing diuretics ●
1 Treatment of multiple myeloma ●
1 Causes of purpuric rash ●
1 Bell's palsy ●
1 Post-traumatic stress disorder ●
1 Microalbuminuria ●
1 Clinical features and management of phaeochromocytoma ●
1 Acanthosis nigricans ●
1 Ataxic gait ●
1 Panic disorders ●
1 Tetany ●
1 Management of gout ●
1 Treatment of hypercalcaemia ●
1 Evalutation of a patient with heamaturia ●
1 Anaphylaxis ●
1 Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis ●
1 Haemophilia ●
1 Steven-Johnson syndrome ●
1 Leprosy ●
1 Factors causing nosocomial infections ●
1 Panic attacks ●
1 Therapy for myasthenia gravis ●
1 Treatment of amoebiasis ●
1 Management of acute severe asthma ●
1 Atrial fibrillation ●
1 Eradication of H. pylori infection ●
1 JNC classification of hypertension ●
1 Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) ●
1 Alopecia ●
1 Significance of splenomegaly in pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) ●
1 Counselling for suicide prevention ●