GM 303

CM 303
29
30 GM 303
GM 303 31
32 GM 303
33
34 GM303
 I--- --

GM 303 35
36 GM 303
,.
GM 303 37
38 GM303
CM 303 39
GM 303
41
42 GM 303
GM 30.7 43
44
GM 303 45
 ROa~flSSUfllS

mswn"sr
ii

I I I I I I I 1

46 GM 303
GM 303 47
GM 303
4 9
50 GM 303
51
GM 303
GM 303 53
GM 303
GM 303 55
56 GM 303
 --ri;
a
---.b‘-1“.
i-
b
--
b
GM 303
(:M 301
78 GM 303
100 GM 303
GM 303 101
102 GM 303
 + I

+ I

GM 303 103
 1. nls00n66¶J¶6W%4n’arw”fI6~

2. ntS00n66~Yflns=vaunlSwaP~

3. fllSTll~66WUf!lt?~fHSW%

4. mai&
5. fll-a00fl66¶JflSYJ¶JSlU

6. tllS31~66WU~l6t&&

dlI&J6i-f0Nl6TlS&‘PI0-iI’& 6 0eilV&&l &%lsila’%6dU¶JVl‘-j %U”SX&~liiYWlU

a’l&J~eanl

“~si~iiu~o6~“an’El”,sw~~s~0~~u~u r~66n’“lS~~~U906f0a~~“,S00”66~~

S=Yu~anrqU660=nl~~~~lS~lSW~~ &66ni&76%6 9 6f0%kln”fc 6?0

1. fllS&ifllS~fNfIll’6 (Quality Management)

2. fllSWUlf&(Forecasting)

3. fllSkllS%0~fl~&~ (Inventory Management)

4. fllS1l966WUfllSWt%S~0 (Aggregate Planning)

5. fllS’Jl~66WUfllSW&?66~USl (Master Scheduling)

6. nlS?l966WUaalnr~0~nlS~~~ (Material Requirement Planning)

104 GM 303
GM303 105
106 GM 303
GM 303 107
 0.95

0.60

108 GM303
 rh watQ15wIRRrsu

3 4 5=2+3+4
- -
0.3 X 0.2 = 0.06 0.8 X 0.3 = 0.24 0.9 x 0.5 = 0.45 0.75

0.2 x 0.2 = 0.04 0.6 X 0.3 = 0.18 1.1 x 0.5 = 0.55 0.77'

0.4 X 0.2 = 0.08 0.5 x 0.3 = 0.15 0.6 X 0.5 = 0.30 0.53

0.6 X 0.2 = 0.12 0.7 x 0.3 = 0.21 0.8 X 0.5 = 0.40 0.73
- -

GM 303 109
 thlmsaw"aJu0~dS~~lflS

&n% i,(IY0txl~l5%) h6flnl~(sxil9 5-10%) ~a(ulntThio%)

1 0.3 0.8 0.9

2 0.2 0.6 1.1

3 0.4 0.5 0.6

4 0.6 0.7 0.8

&&l fil~aqqFl(hdlJlw)

1 0.9

2 1.1’

3 0.6

4 0.8

110 GM303
 tGmlll6w'u¶llc~l~~

ih%l kl (&ma'1 5%) dlunal~ (SxiN 510%) a~(2Jlnflillo%:

1 0.3 (0.6 - 0.3) 0 (0.8 - 0.8) 0.2 (1.1 - 0.9)

2 0.4 (0.6 - 0.2) 0.2 (0.8 - 0.6) 0 (i.1 - 1.1)

3 0.2 (0.6 - 0.4) 0.3 (0.8 - 0.5) 0.5 (1.1 - 0.6)

4 0 (0.6 - 0.6) 0.1 (0.8 - 0.7) 0.3 (1.1 - 0.8)

GM 303 111
112 GM 303
GM 303 113
114 GM 303
CM303 115
116 GM 303
GM303 117
118 GM 303
GM 303 119
120 GM 303
 Maximize Z = c,i, + c2x2 + C,X, + - - - + cixn

GM 303 ‘Y
122 GM 303
 x~ = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

z =. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maximize Z = c,x, + c2xz + . . . + cnxD

(or Minimize)

Subject To : al,x, + a,*x2 + . . . +a,xn<,>,=bb,

a2,xz + az2xz + . . . +a,x=<,>,=b,

: :

GM 303 123
124 GM 303
GM 303 125
 fll”a$eu~u~4~¶Ju~ 1

%w” 2x,+3x, = 42

18 x, = 0 :. x2=42/3=14 :. My (0,141

%I? 3 =o .- . x,=42/2 = 21 :. My (21,O)

fmu~au~llG.¶~¶J~~~2

%l? 2x,+2x, = 30

%d x, = 0 . . x2 =30/2= 15 :. I&;g+i (0,15)

b? x2 = 0 .I. x,=30/2= 15 :. I~yl(lS,O)

9ln6~ePd~u~~~~u~3

%w” 4x,+2x, = 48

%w’ x, = 0 :. x,=48/2=24 :. ~~~~ (0,24)

I?? 3=0 .*. x,=48/4=12 :. a&p (12,O)

126 GM 303
 5 10 15 20 25

GM303 127
 X*
25

20

-----l- I
5 IO 15 20 25 xI

128 GM 303
 25

20

15

10

‘5

5 10 15

GM 303 129
 x;
25

20

15

130 GM 303
 X2 6
25’

20

15
Ii

GM 303 131
 1 . %M’Z=96
i
. * . 96= 12x,+8x,

12x,+8x, = 96

2 . o1fl 12x,+8x, = 96

ldx,=o :. x2 = 96/X = 12 :. I&p (0, 12)

%X x* =o :. x1 = 96112 = 8 :. &Fi (8, 0 )

132 GM 303
GM 303 133
134
GM 303
 135
GM B03
qmM -6 (x,, x,) z = 12x,+8x,
A a 0) Z = (12)(2) + (8)(O) = 24

B (12,O) 2=(12)(I2)+(8)(0)= 144

c (9,6) Z = (12)(9) + (8)(6) = 156’
D (5, 10) z = (12)(S) + (8)(10) = 140

E (2,10) Z = (12)(2) +(8)(10) = 104

GM 303
GM303 137
138 GM 303
 0

139
GM 303
 -I
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 13001400

140 GM 303
 x .I

1000 -

900 -

800 -l
C
700 -

600 -

500 -

400 -

300 -

200 -

100 -

0 I I I I I 14 1 I I I I I I I .
x,
100 200'300 400 500 400 790 800 900 1000 1100 I200 1300 1400

loot

900

800

700

600

so0

400

300

200

100

AI
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 11001200 13001400

142 GM 303
 100 200 800 400 500 600 ‘100 800 900 1000 ,100 1200 ,300 ,400

GM 303 143
144 GM 303
GM 303 145
 4

66wudlx2%u(t) 2x,42oo = 800

146 GM 303
GM 303 147
 20

15
(0.11)
10

0 X,

148 GM303
 --
yvm-- fi1wta (XL, x2) z =Y lSOx, + 100x2
-
A K&O) z = 150(O) + 100(O) = 0

B (10,O) z = 150(10) + 100(O) = 1,500

c (4.9) z = 150(4) + 1 OO(9) = 1,500

I> a 11) 7 = 15c)(O) + lOO(11) = 1,100

-

GM 303 149
 Maximize 2 = 20x, + 30x2

Subject to :

30x,+20x, 2 300

5x,+ 10x, 2 110

x,, x* 2 0

150 GM 303
GM 303 151
152 GM 303
 Maxhize 2 = 20x,+ 30x,

Subject to :

20x,+ 30x2 5 300

5 x , + 5x, 2 110

X,’ x2 2 0

GM 303
154 GM 303
 ,

Maximize 2 = 20X, -t 30X?

subject to :

30x,+20x, I300

0 5 lO\ 15 201 ' 2 5

GM 303 155
 nli%n~pp”t&ol~~ (BREAK-EVEN ANALYSW

156 GM 303
GM 303 157
 PQ = F+cQ

PQ-CQ = F

Qcp-c) = F

158 GM 303
 (Q) (100,000 + IOOQ) G’OOQ)
0 100,000 0

2,ooo 300,000 400,000

GM 303 159
160 GM 303
GM303 161
 44 D

26Vll

QlnbQw~~6nSl=~~a66~S~l~q %Uk$.6 %%iiy

Q=12,000ntiaa

p= 24,000,OOO = 2,000 16lm

12,000

c= 19,200,OOO = 1,600 p1191

12,000

F= 9,000,OOO ¶JlVl

fh%r~~~s'nr = ml&;rau-&nyriaol
= PQ-(F+cQ)

= 24,000,OOO -(9,000,000 +19,200,000)

= 24,000,OOO - 28,200,OOO

= -4,200,OOO

Ilj'uks0ag~U~~sJ"wanR9lu=4,200,000 Ulp1

GGm~~R~upuinia~ r,l4;4i

Q= F

P-C
= 9,000,000

2,000 - 1,600
= 9.000.000

400

162 GM 303
 163
GM303
164 GM 303
 Q := 8,000,000
-
2,000 - 1,440
= 8,000,000

560

= 14,285.714

= 14,286 ?&XI

GM 303 165
 Fb + cbQ = F, + c,Q

166 GM 303
 % -%
= 12,000 - 2,400

2- 1.5

= 9.600

GM 303 167
 a~n~aiasd~sii 4 asior~i~i~aEIAao~ln~i~ la+%46
Ghl3alMls6a"snz 1 fllsw~Psn~~~ss

+%6~USau = Fm+cmQ

= 12,000 + 1.5OQ
mo=o

Phpsau = 12,000 4~ (1 SO)(O)

= 12,000+0

= 12,000 ¶JlIl

t-l60=10.000

&6qusalJ = i2,ooo + (1.50)(10,000)

= 12,000 + 15,000

= 27,000 ¶Jl'lI

w"0mmwbGen4 2 “,s~~~~a~~~Ha~ia~~~~“~~~,~~ %ser&ma$a

‘8U~USX.l = F,+c,,Q

= 2,400+2Q

aao=o

hqusau = 2,400+2(0)
\ = 2,400+0

= 2,400 pn91

04 Q = 10.000

$hpxau . = 2,400 + (2)(10,000)

= 2,400 +20,000

= 22,400 IJnl

168 GM 303
169
 6

170 GM 303
 40 u1n

50 wn

55u1n
(10 !-ml)

50u1n

GM303 171
172 GM 303
GM303 173
 8

-2

174 GM303
 ih6do" Al fil'minUl8V0-h~S = (8x 0.6)+((-2)x0.4)
= 4.0 hmw
&,&I" A2 h?lRnulu%0sfh~~ = (4x 0.6)+(2x0.4)
zz 3.2 blUUlW

1 .

MNba"0fl ni'N 2 3663fl ias2~~nss6~0dlnUw4ias2~66sn

&36&l~~“WlR’INa?‘ht4 H=8 HH=9 HL=8

L = -2 LH=O LL=-8

i06&0~:“WlIR\lEt” H = 4 i06ik A21 HH= 10 HL=3

!tii0 A22 HH=6 HL=4

L-2 LH=5 LL=2

GM 303 175
 p = 0.4x0.2
2+2 - d

176 GM 303
GM 303 177
178 GM303
GM303 179
180 GM303
GM 303 181
182 GM 303
GM 303 183
184 GM 303
GM303 185
186 GM 303
GM 303
188 GM 303
GM 303 189
190 GM 303
GM303 191
192 GM303
GM 303 193
194 GM 303
GM 303 195
196 GM 303
GM 303 197
 --
1 I

198 GM 303
GM 303 199
 ~~siw~~niwfiawnlsaana~~vw~w~~~~~wni = 45,000 x 1,200

45,000 x 500

= 2.4

~~sl~~Blnlw~lnfnsQQ~~6~~~~~~~~~rn~ = 45,000 x 1,200

45,000(500 - 60) + 250,000

= 2.69

= 0.12 nia 12%

200 GM 303
GM 303 201
GM 303 221
GM 303 225
GM 303
GM 303 227
228 GM303
 r-----

GM 303
230 GM303
GM 303 231
232 GM 303
GM 303 233
GM 303 235
 6-
5-
4-

nisui%vmho
I = (1.000)

236 GM 303 I

.
GM 303 237
 2531 2532 2533

flalu~0JtllSiJJum (p = 0.25) 17,000 24,000 34,OOO 48,000 66,000

fl~l¶J&0JfWhWlalJ (p =0 . 5 0 ) 17,000 20,000 24,ooO 29,000 65,000

KmJ~0Jfmti0fJ =( p 0 . 2 5 ) 17,000 19,ooo 21,000 27,000 25,000

238 GM 303
GM 303 239
 k%dURyUv?65?U = 24,000,000 L6lvl

~iwi~np17(ruoJ~~p?w~in~~~~~~~~ 1

= (0.25)(26,500,000) + (0.5) (24,ooo,ooo)

+ (0.25)(24,000,000)

= 24,325,OoO mm

240 GM 303
GM 303 241
 12x+6y 5 7 2

sy 20

$1 x = 0 :. 6y= 60 :. y = 60 = 10

&&Gdk;ga (0, 10)

61 y = 0 :. 6x = 60 :. x = 60 = 1 0
-
6

GM 303
242
 243
GM 303
 X = 12 = 2
-
6

66W x %ra @ (6) (2) + 6y = 60

12+6y = 60

6y = 48

Y =i 48 = 8

244 GM 303
 Z =l,OOOx+8OOy

= (1,000) (6) + (800) (0) = 6,000

Z = (i,000)(2) + (Xooj (Xj = 2,000 + 6,400 = 8,400

GM 303 245
fhi%~l’W~~~~~~~‘llU (System capacity) (qaJu WK~VI~, 2537 : 70 - 73)

246 GM 303
 A B C

4 5 0 + 390 + 360 *- ,:,,

GM303 247
 300
= - = 0.83 0fu
360

248, GM 303
 40

GM 303 249
250 GM 303
 T Tlii 1-2

!
?-
&ix
:uin)

100,ooo RlSl+I - 50,ocw

x 15u1n =

I~oo,ocKl Inn

50,ooo RlTl+l 50,owJ m15147jyI 10,cKKl

I
x17 Ulvl = x 19u1n =

850,oou UTII 950,cm uin

0 0 ~.~

GM 303 251
 A B C D E

252 GM 303
GM 303 253
254 GM 303
GM 303 255
256 GM 303
GM 303 257
258 GM 303
GM 303 259
260 GM 303
GM 303 261
262 GM 303
GM 303
 -

264 GM 303
GM 303 265
266 GM 303
GM 303 267
6Yltl~‘Uki~fH& (Group Technology) (%&I %iraik .,25?9: 150 - 152)

268 GM 303
GM 303 269
 ,

270 GM 303
GM 303 271
272 GM303
GM 303 273
274 GM 303
 1 2 3 2 1 4

lEi3
4 5 4
EEB
3 5 6

n n

c=
i = l j=l

GM 303 275
 h6alAla w'9iklQG.! vl&b”~ 1 vl1sadofl~ 2 1
@iO6~096 53J~ C*,=K1,X SxJ~ 53Jr Cl,=Kr,X 1
f&J Ill9 Li, x “1, Ml9 WV4 Ll, x D ‘1

(D,,) (Di,) (D11)

l-2 100 1 100 1 loo 1 100

l-4 100 2 200 1 100 1 100

1-S 200 2 200 1 200 1 200

3-4 10 1 10 2 20 1 10

9-s 100 1 100 1 100 1 loo

4-6 100 2 200 1 100 2 200

c = 810 C= 620 c = 710

276 GM 303
GM 303 277
 1 2 3
I
1 4 -Y-p-p- 8

SE
1 U E LJ X 0 U

a / / e e/ /

L
2 U I U

3 0 U

a /

r
66Hl6fl 4

;b/
6

278 GM 303
 u w b
A 6-7, 6-8 c

E 1-4, 4-5

I 2-6, 2-4

0 C l-7, 3-4, 3-5

3-6, 5-6

U
X 1-6, 4-6 __._____.-

GM 303 279
 I &I 1

280 GM 303
GM 303 281
an1Q+h1w p, b

W6%il

A B C D E F G

282 GM 303
GM 303
6aa7&?h"lsvhm4 (Ul$ 4 1 3 1 2 2
” ’ 4 . ~ ,
6aalsa91 (~$7) 5 5 5

284 GM303
r~alh3%omwhu (wifi) 4 I 2 2 2

1 -24 -F-J3 -4

-J%JJlaa1 (UlG) 4

GM 303 285
1.

2.

3.

6.

286 GM 303
GM303 287
 A B ‘C D E F G H

-
12 12 48 36 18- 6 I0 234
72 54

60

288 GM 303
G M 3 0 3
 .Y

290 GM 303
GM 303 291
292 GM303
GM 303 293
294 GM 303
GM 303 295
296 GM 303
2 9 7
298 GM 303
GM 303 299
300 GM 303
301
302 GM303
GM 303 303
304 GM 303
GM303 305
GM 303
GM 303 307
iY0G.J

GM 303
 mmMM?hP I

350 Zi!) 100

150 200 100

150 250 100

200 150 150

100 loo 75

4.0 70 70

20 30 3s

Lov) 1~50 733

_I-

CM JOY 309
 &t4lT” T WZ66UU

~aiolch%g msa&fl 1 nl~a&ln 2 ?ll96hl 3

0.10 100 60 70

0.10 80 80 90

0.40 70 90 100

0.10 85 90 80

0.15 40 50 70

0.05 9 0 80 70

0.10 X0 85 70

310 GM 303
 -’

don 1 wiGan 2 nidinn 3 nish d0n 2 i&n 3

100 60 70 10 6 7

80 80 90 8 8 9

70 90 100 28 36 40

85 9900 80
80 8 .. 5 9 8

40 50 70 6 7.50 10.50

w 80 70 4.5 4.00 3.50

80 85 70 8.0 8.50 7.0

sap1 13 8.5
~

GM 303
312 GM 303
GM 303 313
314 GM 303
GM 303
316 GM 303
GM 303 317
 X,, + X,2 + X,, + . . . . +X,, = a,
X,, + X,, + X,, + . . . . + X, = a2

X,, + X, + G + . . . . + X,, = a,

W~OS%lUbWKkl XX,, = ai (I = 1, 2, 3, ..__ m)

PI

x,, + x,, + x,, + . . . . + xm, = b,

X,, + X&, + X,, + ._.. + Xm, = b,

318 GM 303
 ”

If%kllJ’hRkl~&h XX, = b, (j = 1, 2, 3, _.._ n)

,d

nlinimk z = cc c,x,
i=l j-1
subject to :

5 X, = a, (i = 1, 2, 3, __._ m)
i=l

t X,, = b, cj = 1, 2, 3, _.._ n)
irl

xi, 2 0 (i = 1, 2, 3, . . . . n)

GM 303 319
320 GM 303
 .~ ld 1 2

1 2 4

2 6 10

3 a 2

GM303 321
 1 2 3 4 al

1 100

2 60

3 120

bi 80 40 100 60 280

322 GM 303
GM 303 323
324 GM 303
GM 303 325
 ~~~ 8 fhW.6Fi~l X,, = min(%, b2) = min(60, 20) = 20 Hdau %d 20 as%dosfi
(2, 2)

&& 9 w’ndl a2 Iba: b, 00fda;ao 20 aMa”0 a2 = 40, b, = 0 6a”0U?ddilUatube$

(2, 3)

&?I 10 ‘i?l~Ue\dl X,, = min(a,, b,) = min(40, 100) = 40 ?&EI % 40 as%u?i0s$

(2, 3)

&6'ii 11 ibii 40 00fWfHil a, 66% b, ad0 a2 = 0, bj = 60 6~0l.Jhkhod’JQ6~09~

(3, 3)
&d~ 12 n’ltfWWh T,, = min(a,, b,) = min(l20, 60) = 60 wdat~ %d 60 as%u?iosi

(3, 3)
iId 13 w’nfil a3 66a1= b, 00fda’ae 60 ana”0 % = 60, b, = 0 6~0uhkilua&0~i

(3, 4)
kd 14 filWWn’1 X,, = &(a,, b,) = min(6O,6O) = 60 why %ff 60 a4%dm

4 (3, 4)

326 GM 303
 3
bi 80 40 100 60 2x0

GM 303 327
328 GM 303
CM 303 329
330 GM 303
GM 303 331
332 GM 303
GM 303 333
 1 2 3 4 ai
diaawneil~

80 100 0

60 4

3 I I

4
6
---I
bi
40

-I
80 40 100 60 280
I
I

1 0 1

334 GM 303
PM 3 0 3
 80 20 100 -

60 60 4.

40 20 80 120 0

d;,:..,
J 8: 1 4om / lo: 1 6: 1 280

336 GM 303
GM 303 337
338 GM 303
GM 303 339
 +

-10
i

340 GM 303
GM 303 341
4iO9 (I, 1) ; R,+ K, =C,,

0 +K,=2 :. K,=2

'ih (I,?) ; R, + K,=CI,

0 +K2=4 :. K2 = 4

?iOS (2.7) ; R2 + K, = C,

RI+4 = 10 :. 4 = 6

i&3 (3,1) ; R, + K,= Cz3

6 -t&=4 :a K, = -2

'lk19 (3,3) ; R, + K, = C,,

R,+ (-2) = 6 :, & = 8

&IS (3,4) ; R, + Kq= C,,

8 +K,=6 :. K, = -2

Q=b%R,Laa~ K,PlrEl~~"n'?~~llaw~%u~~~,~~~~~~

80

80

342 GM303
 E, = CL, - R, - K,

dsrh~ (I, 3) ; E,, = C,, - R, - K, = 1 - 0 - (-2) = +6

SiiWh (1, 4) ; E,, = C,, - R, - K, = 10 - 0 - (-2) = +I2

&N-b9 (2, I) ; E, = CL1 - R - K, =6-e-2 z-2

9jEWh (2, 4) ; Eza = Cz4 - R2 - K, = 8 - 6 - (-7) = +4

4iOVh (3, 1) ; E,, = C3, - R, - K, = 8 - 8 - 2 z -2

‘hh (7, 2); I& = C,, - % -K, = 2 - 8 - 4 = -10’

GM 303 343
 x22 x23
20 - + 40

X3? + - x33
60

344 GM 303
 -T-j-T-
--+-----

JO0 0

-2

bj 80 40 100 60

Ki 2 4 8 8

R, +K, = C,, ; 0+ K, = 2 :. K, = 2

R, + K, = C,, ; 0 + K? = 4 :. Kz = 4

\ + K, = C,, ; R, + 4 = 2 :. R, = -2

R7 + K, = C,, ; -2 + K, = 6 :. K, = 8

4 + K, = C,, ; -2 + K, = 6 :. K, = 8

&+ K, = C,, ; 5 + 8 = 4 :. \= -4

hMMfh E, WkWhsi19~ b%ii%

F‘13 = C,, - R, - K, = 4 - 0 - X = -4’

E 14 = C!, - R, - K, = 10 - 0 - 8 = +2

F‘21 = C2, -%-K, = 6 - (-4) - 2 = tX

E22 = Czz - & - K, = 10 - (-4) - 4 = +I0

E, = C,, - & - K, = 8 - (-4) - 8 = +3

E?, = C,, - & - K, = 8 - (-2) - 2 = +8

GM 303 345
 ai R,

-----b
80 100 0

2 6

60 0

120 2

bj 80 280
i

346 GM303
 9lfWm4a~vti~Ri 3 o”lU’JW%66h$=i~lWl~ll6 ‘% BilWJWil RI, K, b%d

R, + K, = C,, ; O+K, = 2 -+ K,=2

R, + K, = C,, ; O+K, = 4 -+ K,=4

KG + K, = C,, ; 5+4 = 4 3 4’0

R3 + K, = C,, ; R,+4 = 6 -i’ %=2

R, + K, = C,, ; 2+K: = 2 -+ K,=O

R, + K4 = C, ; 2+K, = 6 -i’ K,=4

. .

E,, = C,, - R, - K, = 4 - 0 - 0 = +4

E,, = C,, - R, - K, = 10 - 0 - 4 = +6

E,, = C,, -R;: - K, = 6 - 0 - 2 = +4

E,, = C,, - R, - K, = 10 -0- 0 =+I0

E, = C,-R,-K, = 8 - O - 4 =+4

% = C3, - & - K, = S-2-2 =+4

GM 303 347
348 GM 303
GM 303 349
350 ,GM 303
 IiWlM 1swpd a, R,

Y Z

10 25 0

30 0 30 -3

35 35 -1

K, 2

+I9 (1, 1) ; R, + K, = C,,

O+K,=2 :. K, = 2

Tk3 (1, 2) ; R, + q = C,2

0 +K, = 8 :. K, = 8

lb4 (2, 2); R, + K, = C,,

%+8 =5 :. R, = -3

4im (2,3); R, + & = c,,

-3 + K2 = 5.5 :. K, = 8.5

352 GM 303
 3 60 4

bj 90 150 120 360

GM 303 353
 52 %3
60 - +60

x32 + - x3,
60

354 GM 303
 60

90 150 120 360

b,

GM 303 355
 a

-12
-

Kj 4
I I I I II

356 GM 303
 I I

GM 303 357
 b 55 65 120
J

358 GM 303
 b, 55 65 120

K,
K, 3 5

xi, x,2
25 - f
\

L J-l

GM 303 359
 4 5.5 65 120

360 GM 303
 1

3
-

b,

KJ

Ez2 = Czz - & - K, = 4 - (-1) - 1 = 4

E,, = C,, -R, -K, = 6 - 6 - 3 = -3’

GM 303 361
 Bn519ti 26 W3l~nl~thU%A%UnSt$ TotalSupply>Total Demand

A 200

B 120

Demand

362 GM 303
 k 1 2 -Y SUPPlY

-..-.- .

A 200

B 120

Demand 100 80 140 320

GM 303 363
7
0
m
3
*
IJ
a
 @lid 29 ~l5lWllWhU'X!dhfd Total Supply <Total Demand

I I I I

GM 303 365
 Demand 100 X0 180

366 GM 303
GM303
 .

1 20

2 20 1X0

b, 40 80 180

Kj 14 12 22

%3 =22-o-22 = 0
E I2 = 18-2-12 = 4

368 GM 303
 1 80 20 100 0

16

2 40 160 200 2

b 40 I(0 180 300

J

K, 22

%I
= 14-o-14 = 0

E 2 2 = 18-2-11 zz 4

GM 303 369
I bJ

370 GM 303
GM 303 371
N

‘!A

G
GM 303 373
374 GM 303
GM 303 375
376 GM 303
 2 I a:

200 !
4oo -l----- .-+--A

,GM 3 0 3 377
378 GM 303
GM303 370
 C mo

BluaM

nwl~o~m3 140 100 200 120-100 = 20 560

380 GM 303
GM 303
382 GM 303
GM 303 383
 61263U

na~lJ~8~flls 20 100 200 120

L

384 GM 303
GM303 385
cl 10,cm

F1 15,ooo

n 16,000

M 19,ooo

li 12,ooo

GM 303
GM 303 387
388 GM 303
 . ..-._.. -- ..__.._.._. ..~ h%nti il6 cm ?I.
R
I’

GM 303 389
390 GM 303
GM 303 391
 20,000

I
25,000

72,000

392 GM 303
CM303 393
 .. .I..“...

0 19,000 27,oQo

394 GM 303
GM 303
I Q-m \I

a?laJ~8Jnl3 10,ooo 15,ooo 16,000 19,000 12,om 72,000

396 GM 303
GM 303 397
398 GM 303
406 GM 303
GM 303
404 CM 303
 2 3 4

1 14 10 8 12

2 IX 16 12 6

3 12 6 4 x

GM 303 403
 3 -7 4

1 4 7 6 3

2 3 9 ---I
4 6

3 x 7 5 9

GM 303
GM 303 401
GM 303
GM 303 399
&“txw~ PERT/CPM

414 GM 303
GM 303 421
422 GM 303
 ‘j3JXXll

Alaihuld (8lhtl;

A 3

A 5

c;B 1

C B 3

C, B 1

B 1

G 1

E 3

D. I 2

424 GM 303
GM 303 429
430 GM 303
 f11 ES, = LFI

6lam E S , = LFJ

GM 303
434 GM 303
GM 303 435
 &lnsru (i-j) t ES LS EF LF FS3 TS”

A (l-2) 4 0 0 4 4 0 04

B (2-3) 3 4 6 7 9 0 2

c (2-4) 5 4 4 9 9 0 04

D (4-6) 1 9 14 10 15 5 5

E (4-S) 3 9 9 12 12 0 04

F (J-8) 1 9 16 10 17 7 7

G (3-7) 1 7 15 8 16 0 8

H (7-8) 1 8 16 9 17 8 8

I (5-6) 3 12 12 15 15 0 04

1 (6-8) 2 15 15 17 17 0 04

‘LS = LF - t *EF = ES + t

3FS = ES, - ES, - t,j 4TS = LS - ES H% TS = LF - EF

-d aaarasil6~un”onssaJ~oQn

436 GM 303
 *e = a+4m+b

438 GM 303
446 GM 303
 cc 2,Ooo

0 5 6 7 8
Tc 7n

448 GM 303
 14 14 32 34
--l--
+ co 8)

452 GM 303
 12 12 30 30
---l--
+ ww

56 56

GM 303 455
462 GM 303
PERT/COST (&wdasoln “orlns~ q%~mml, m6 : 714 - 721)

GM 303 463
464 GM 303
 ,

466 GM 303
468 GM 303
 &wlssu
A

1
n”oflmJ rJal~l6idPMJlU (t%lml~

A 5

B 6

C A 2

D A 4

E B 8

F B 11
G C, E 3

H D, G 7

I F, G 10
J H, I 5

K I 4

476 GM 303
 A

B 1 2 3

C 1 2 3

D 1 2 9

E 2 3 10

F 3 6 15

G 2 5 14

H 1 4 7

I 4 9 20

3 1 2 9

K 4 4 4

480 GM 303
482 GM 303
GM 303 483
 (1 - 2 ) 8 6

(1 - 3 ) 7 5

(2 - 5) 5 4

( 3 - 4) 4 3

(2 - 4)
4) 3 2

(4 - 6) 5 3

(5
(5 - 6) 4 3

484 GM 303
GM 303 485
486 GM 303
GM 303 487
488 GM 303
489
490 GM 303
’ GM 303 491
492 GM 303
GM 303 493
494 GM 303
GM 303 495
GM303
GM 303 ‘$9,
GM 303
 499
GM 303
 17 Rl

(n)
GM 303 501
502 GM 303
GM 303 503
504 GM 303
GM 303 505
506 GM 303
GM 303
 ¶hWUlFJQlfl
i%J6&
fl14wfJ1nx-i

1 9 -

2 8 9

3 9 8

4 12 9

5 9 12

6 12 9

7 11 12

8 7 11

9 13 I

10 9 13

11 11 9

12 10 11

13 10

GM 303
Forccast

variable

i
 Forecast

variable

1969 1970 1971 1912

4 T,me

510 GM 303
 Forecast

variable

III1 I I I I I I I I I I Time

61 62 63 64 65 66 61 68 69 70 71 12

GM 303 511
512 GM 303
 (1) (2) (3)

&hll UEK+lJlUTl-% m&i

wn1nadn”

I 9

2 x 9 I I I

3 9 8 -I I I

4 I? 9 -3 3 9

5 9 12 3 3 9,

6 12 9 -3 3 9

I 11 12 1 1 I

8 7 11 4 4 16

9 13 7 -6 6 36

10 9 13 4 4 16

11 11 9 -2 2 4

12 10 11 I I 1 I

URRVlU -I 29 103

MGU? -0.8 2.5' X.9

’ MEAN AHSOLUTE DEVIATION (MN))

b
MEAN SQUARED ERROK (MSL)

GM 303 513
514 GM 303
GM 303 515
516 GM 303
GM 303 517
518 GM 303
 hZ,OOO

60,000

5x.000

56,000

54,000

s2.000

50,000

4x,000

46,000

44,000

42,000

40,000

IO 11 12 13 14 15

GM 303 519
 Time

225 / 1 I I I I I I I

200 -

lJ5 -

c
I2

150 -

<

, 4 I I I L-----Lf
F_* 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75

520 GM 303
 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75

GM 303 521
 I I

01 I I , I I I I I I I I I
60 61 62 63 64 65 66 ‘~57 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75

GM 303
 N=CY CXY
/,I-
N X2

3 X Y XY X2

2512 -3 41,070 -123,210 9

2513 -2 44,82 1 -89,642 4

2514 -1 46,008 -46,008 1

2515 0 48,357 0 0

2516 1 52,643 52,643 7

2517 2 54,294 108,588 4

2518 3 58,165 174,495 9

sau 345,358 76,866 28

GM 303 523
 = CY
345,358
(g -- 49,336.8
N 7

CXY
b=------ 76,866
2.745.2
Cx’ 28

524 GM 303
 Y (IphZP1) Yc @phml%&')

41,070 41,010

44,821 43,846

46,008 46,592

48,357 49,337

52,643 52,087

54,294 54,827

2518 58,165 57,572

GM 303 525
 Y 2519 a + bX

49,336.8 + 2,145.2(4)

49,336.8 + 10,980.S

60,317.6

526 GM 303
 ?J Y (tb=i;s) = A Y (dldlOd2bld) = c A-C (A - C)’

2512 41,070 41,010 -31 961

2513 44,821 43,846 915 950,625

2514 46,008 46,592 -584 341,056

2515 48,357 49,331 -980 960,400

2516 52,643 52,067 561 314,721

2517 54,294 54,827 -533 284,089

2518 58,165 57,572 593 351,649

sa¶l 3203,501

GM 303 527
 = 4640,700

= 800.4

528 GM 303
 thI1ean1sw1a d3mamm~~ rrYlwrRs;~!
il I I
Swpnainnssu n”aikehl?-r d%l¶l~-!
2512 343,050 46,072 13.43 84.36 38,866

2513 378,190 49,468 13.08 86.62 42,849

2514 408,280 43,93 I 10.76 105.30 46,259

2515 448,050 49,42156,789 11.03 102.72 50,766

2516 472,840 50,068 12.01 94.34 53,525

2517 5 15,640 55,397 9.71 116.63 58,119

2518 533,190 351,146 10.37 109.26 60,827

mal 3,099,240 II.33

L 351,263

40,000

2511 2512 2513 2514 2515 2516 2517 2518

GM 303 529
 Y 2519 50m163.7 + 1,529(X)

50,163.7 + 1,529 (4)

,f-hTJlns&~a 56.283

2519 5OJ80.4 + 3,694.Z

50,180.4 + 3,694.2 (4)

64,96 1

..
530 GM 303
 60
.
.
55 e
50 .
45 .
.
40 l

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

i
GM 303 531
 samam X Y XY X2 X2Y X’

2507 -11 137.1 -1,508.l 121 16,589.l 14,461

2508 -9 149.2 -1,342.S 81 12,085.2 6,561

2509 -7 153.9 -1,077.3 49 7,541.l 2,401

2510 -5 175.3 -876.5 25 4,382.5 625

2511 -3 177.6 -532.8 9 1,598.4 81

2512 -1 182.2 -182.2 1 182.2 1

2513 1 193.8 193.8 1 193.8 1

2514 3 195.1 585.3 9 1,755.9 81

2515 5 197.7 988.5 25 4,942.5 625

2516 7 204.4 1,430,s 49 10,015.6 2,401

2517 9 212.9 1,916.l 21 17,244.9 6,561

2518 11 214.0 2,354.0 121 25,894.O 14,461

2,193.2 1,948.S 572 102,425.2 48,680

12(102,425.2) - (572)(2,193.2)
ix&! c =
12(48,680) - (572)(572)

= 1,229,102.4 - 1,254,510.4
583,440 - 327,184

- 25,408
=
256,256

Z-Z -0.009

i
532 GM 303
 CY-CCX2
N

2J93.2 -(-0.009)(572)
=
12

2J93.2 -(-56.6)
=
12

= 187.5

1,948,s
h =
572

= 3.41

Y, = a +- bX + cXz

187.5 + 3.14X + (-0.009)X’

= 187.5 -t 44.33 - 19.73

215.1
 4%MXtl Y (th%) = A Yc (&ilwm) = C A-C (A-C)

2507 137.1 138.0 -0.9 0.81

2508 149.2 148.8 +0.4 0.16

2509 153.9 158.8 -4.9 4.01

2510 175.3 168.0 +7.3 53.9

2511 177.6 176.4 +1.2 1.44

2512 182.2 184.0 -1.8 3.24

2513 193.8 190.8 +3.0 9.00

2514 195.1 196.8 -1.7 2.89

2515 197.7 202.1 -4.4 .36

2516 204.4 206.5 -2.1 4.41

2517 212.9 210.2 +2.7 7.29

2518 214.0 213.0 +1.0 1.00

JaOl 126.90

MwhTmJ6~0~U 95% Stilf% 1 . 9 6 $0 1 . 3 5 C&6 dlW~lfd~~+k~

215.1 + 7.35 ailfk 222.45 n”lq& 215.1 - 7.35 Wilf% 207.75

534 GM 303
 wlaai3l(Yi) X Y X2 XY

2507 -11 137.1 121 - 1,508.l

2508 -9 149.2 81 - 1,342.X

2509 -1 153.9 49 -1,077.3

2510 -5 175.3 25 -876.5

2511 -3 171.6 9 -532.8

2512 -I 182.2 1 -182.2

2513 1 193.8 1 -193.8

2514 3 195.1 9 -585.3

2515 5 197.7 25 -988.5

2516 I 204.4 49 -1,430.8

2517 9 212.9 81 -1,916.l

2518 11 214.0 121 -2,354.0

aau 2,193.2 472 -1,948.8

CY 2J93.3
a=- = = 182.77
&Y 1,948.812

h=------- = 3.41
Xx’ 872

Y, = a+bx = 1 8 2 . 7 7 - 3 . 4 1 ( X )

GM 303 535
 samam Fil&(Y)= A fiifi~wam(u)C=c A-C (A-C)

2507 137.1 145.3 -8.2 67.2

2508 149.2 152.1 -2.9 8.5

2509 153.9 158.9 -5.0 25.0

2510 175.3 165.7 -9.6 92.2

2511 177.6 192.5 -5.1 26.0

2512 182.2 179.4 -2.8 7.8

2513 193.8 186.2 -7.6 57.8

2514 195.1 193.0 -2.1 4.4

2515 197.7 199.8 -2.1 4.4

2516 204.4 206.6 -2.2 4.8

2517 212.9 213.5 -0.6 0.4

2518 214.0 220.3 -6.3 39.7

'bao1 3138.1

= 5.81

536 GM 303
 X Yd/O XY X2 XIY x4

2511 -7 10.32 -72.24 49 505.68 2,401

2512 -5 10.59 -52.95 25 264.75 625

2513 -3 10.67 -32.01 9 94.03 81

2514 -1 10.92 -10.92 1 IO.92 1

2515 1 11.64 11.64 1 11.64 1

2516 3 11.90 36.70 9 107.00 81

2517 5 12.63 63.15 25 315.75 625

2518 7 13.41 93.87 49 857.09 2,401

92.08 36.24 168 1,968.96 6,216

a
= cy - Cx’
N

= 22.08-(0.013)(168)
8

89.90
=
8

= 11.238

GM 303 537
 b =

= 36.24
168

= 0.216

C = rev’) - &‘xcv>
NCX4H(CX2)2

8(1,968.96) - (168)(2.08)
=
8(6,216) - (168)*

15,75 1.68 - 15,469.44

=
49,728 - 28,224

282.24
E
2 1.504

= 0.013

Y, = 11.238 + 0.216(X) + 0.013(X2)

ua:aiaub6tiSW~lp7lu~ 2 5 1 9 &I

Y 2519 = 11.238 + 0.216(g) + 0.013(81)

= 14.24

538 GM 303
 9 dlai%J (A) A - C (A-C)

2511 10.2 10.36 -0.04 O.OO16

2512 10.59 10.48 0.11 0.0121

2513 10.67 10.71 -0.04 0.0016

2514 10.92 11.04 -0.12 0.0144

2515 11.64 11.47 0.17 0.0289

2516 11.90 12.00 -0.10 0.0100

2517 12.63 12.64 -0.01 0.0001

2518 13.41 13.39 0.02 0.0004

SE =
r---
~~4432
N-3

=
J
0.069 1
5

GM 303 539
540 GM 303
 -

577
GM 303
578 GM 303
.Q”31B1p1~1~“u~)9~W31’W (The Meaning of Quality)

GM 303 579
d&Jn”FI&! “~~MmY4” (The Determinants of Quality)

580 GM303
GM 303 581
582 GM 303
GM 303 583
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

GM 303
 (Marketing Sales and Consumer Research)

GM 303 585
 iflanasolsaa~:launrusser~Fl~~n’ (Engineering and Product Design)

nl%%l&i (Purchasing)

566 GM 303
GM 303 587
 ~~EIlfYi (Personnel)

W63SlU (Employees)

588 GM 303
 f113J%31%31MW% (Production Management)

~I~GWJQtXWWJ~~~~igdn’ (Product Inspection)

Ol%Il%%SJ nl%ln"nr~~~laa~~:nl~~~~~ (Packaging Storage and Shipping)

GM 303 589
 fWDJ~fll~Qf41 (Customer Service)

590 GM 303
I
592 GM 303
&od~WUOWpJd~lW (The Cost of Quality)

GM 303 593
594 GM 303
GM 303 595
596 GM 303
GM303 597
 1991 199; 1993 1994

tTWpCIl~4~Qd~lW

d0Gu 27,000 41,500 74,600 112,300

155,000 122,500 113,400 107,OOa

386,000 469,200 374,800 219,000

242,000 196,000 103,500 106,000

810,000 829,200 639,300 544,400

4,360,OOO 4,450,OOO 5,050,000 5,190,000

1,760,OOO 1,810,ooO 1,880,OOO 1,890,OOO

598 GM 303
GM 303 599
 i

~aiaafhiu IFhl.lfllsuludlns~ 1991 ?I0 4,360,OOO 'L1lw

= 18.58

?I c%Gpmwie~aJl~¶ll~ ' k%%pllWm'Sm"pdp~~~~

1991 18.58 46.44

1992 18.63 45.18

1993 12.66 34.00

1994 10.49 28.80

600 GM 303
 A

GM 303 601
602 GM 303
 (The Effect of Quality Management on Productivity)

GM 303 603
 wio y = (I)(%G)+(I) (I- %G) (%R)

604 GM303
GM 303 605
 (Kd )(I) + (K$(R)
6?wpwa”wn”suw”n’0wlia~ =
Y

606 GM 303
 (Kd )(I) + (K,)(R)
@h~uw~w~~4ld =
Y

(300)(100) + (12)lO)
=
90

= 34.61 ¶Jlpl

(3~)(10@ + (12X5)
n’pdguwa”~~~n” =
95

= 32.21 pJ1v1

GM 303 607
 &N$ y = (I)(%G,)( %G,)(%G,)(%G,)

= (100)(0.93) (0.95) (0.97) (0.92)

608 GM 303
 Y
I =
(%GI )(“/“C2)(O/OG3)(%G4)

100
I zz
(0.93)(0.95)(0.97)(0.92)

I = 126.8 Ntiau

&l%l&‘WjWllW~~W~Fl~lW (The Quality - Productivity Ratio - QPR

GM 303
 80
QPR = (100) = 2.47%
(mN30) + (20X12)

160
QPR = (100) = 2.47 %
(2W30) + WW)

160
QPR = (100) = 2 . 8 6 %
(2WC30) + @0X12)

95
QPR = (loo) = 3 . 1 0 %
(100)(30) + (5)(12)

610 GM 303
GM 303 611
 fIl’Sf%4l%%Z~U~4 (Top Management)

612 GM 303
 fll5Il%l3%&lfI~l~ (Middle Management)

GM 303 613
 fll4¶J%4143~~U~~~~lJ (Supervisory Management)

614 GM 303
GM 303 615
 (Quality Improvement and the Role of Employees)

616 GM 303
GM 303 617
 fll51~od%l6pd~:y~19W~~~l~ (Employee Suggestions)

m%$iodPn~~~laa~~~l~~~~~~~~~l~

(Identifying Quality Problem and Causes)

618 GM 303
 12 10

7 6

4 63

3 I 2

3 2

125 100

GM 303 619
 8
a
30%

1 I?%

620 GM 303
GM 303 621
(Current Trends and Philosophies in quality Management)

GM 303 623
624 GM 303
GM 303 625
 Phillip Crosby : ~t365l&%l%3&%%lI6di%

626 GM 303
GM 303 627
 Ggnichi Taguchi : 32 Taguchi

628. GM 303
Sl-?kl~~dsllW (Quality Awards)

The Malcolm Baldrige Award

GM 303 629
 The Deming Prize

630 GM 303
GM 303 631
GM 303 633
634 GM 303
GM 303 635
 ELERETT E. ADAM, JR. and RONALD J EBERT. PRODUCTION AND OPERA-

TIONS MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS, MODELS, AND BEHAVIOR. New

Jersey, United States of America : Prentice-Hall, Inc., FIFTH EDITIION 1991.

Heizer, Jay and Render, Barry. Production and Operations Management : Strategies

and Tactics. 2 nd. ed. Massachusetts : Allyn and Bacom, 1991.

Lee J. Krajewski and Lorry P. Ritzman. OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT. United states

of Maerica : Addison - Weskey, Fourth Edition. 1996.

Schroeder, Roger G. Operations Management, Decision Making in the Operations

Function. 3 nd. ed. Siogapore : McGraw - Hill Book, 19X9.

Willam J. Stevenson. FROIBUCTILONioPERATlONS MANAGEMENT. United States

of America : Richard D. Ivmin, a Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc

Company, Pith Edition 1996.

Basker, Tbomos B. Engineering Quality by Decign. Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1990.

Brown, R.G. Statistical Forecosting for Inventory Control. New York : McGraw - Hill,

1959.

Heizer, Jay & Baray Render. Production and Operations Management. New Jersey :

Prentice - Hall, Inc., 1996.

Meredith, Jeek R. The Management of Operations : a conceptual emphasis. New York

: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1992.

Russell, Roberta S., and Bernard W. Taylor III. Production and Operations Management.

New Jersey : Prentice - Hall, Inc., 1995.

636 GM 303
$ WuWFi... ~l~~~umillnl~n~l~~5lu~lll~~
Ramkhamhaeng University Press.