QUALITY

AND
STATISTICS
DESCRIPTIVE AND INFERENTIAL
STATISTICS
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Hypothesis Tests for Variances
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Hypothesis Tests of One Population
Variance
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Hypothesis Tests of One Population
Variance
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Hypothesis Tests of One Population
Variance
A commercial freezer must hold the selected temperature with little
variation. Specifications call for a standard deviation of no more than 4
degrees. A sample of 16 freezers is tested and yields a sample variance is 24
degrees. Test to see whether the standard deviation specification is
exceeded. Use 𝛼𝛼=0.05,
𝑛𝑛 = 16
𝑠𝑠 2 = 24
𝜎𝜎 2 = 16 (standart deviation is 4)
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Hypothesis Tests of One Population
Variance
25

25

25
8
9
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Hypothesis Tests of One Population
Variance
Bottling liquid detergent is filled with an automatic filling machine. The
variance of the filling volume of 20 randomly selected bottles was found to
be 0.0153 cm3. If the variance of the filling volume exceeds 0.01 cm3, it will
mean that the bottles are filled either below or above the desired level,
which is an undesirable situation. Based on this sample data, examine
whether there will be a filling problem in the process at the 0.05
significance level.
 INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Hypothesis Tests of One Population
Variance
𝑛𝑛 = 20
𝑠𝑠 2 = 0.0153 𝐻𝐻0 : 𝜎𝜎 2 ≤ 0,01
𝜎𝜎 2 = 0.01 𝐻𝐻1 : 𝜎𝜎 2 > 0,01

2
2
(𝑛𝑛 − 1)𝑠𝑠 (20 − 1) × 0,0153
ℵ = 2
= = 29.07
𝜎𝜎 0.01

𝐻𝐻0 ACCEPT
For 𝛼𝛼=0.05, we have sufficient
evidence that there is no
problem with the filling.
= 30.14
12
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Hypothesis Tests of One Population
Variance
It is claimed that a substance added to the alloy in the production of a
special alloy steel increases the average strength of the steel and reduces
the strength standard deviation of 50 kp/mm2.In the strength tests of 30
steel billets taken at random and containing this substance, the standard
deviation of the strength was determined as 32 kp/mm2. Can it be said that
the additive has the claimed effect at the 0.05 significance level?
 INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Hypothesis Tests of One Population
Variance
𝑛𝑛 = 30
𝑠𝑠 = 32 𝐻𝐻0 : 𝜎𝜎 2 = 50
𝜎𝜎 = 50 𝐻𝐻1 : 𝜎𝜎 2 < 50

2 2
(𝑛𝑛 − 1)𝑠𝑠 (30 − 1) × 32
𝑋𝑋 2 = 2
= ≅ 11.88
𝜎𝜎 502

𝐻𝐻0 RED
For 𝛼𝛼=0.05, we have sufficient
evidence that the substance
reduces the strength standard
deviation. 𝑿𝑿𝟐𝟐𝒏𝒏−𝟏𝟏 = 𝑿𝑿𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐,𝟎𝟎.𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕
,𝟏𝟏−𝜶𝜶
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Hypothesis Tests of One Population
Variance
𝑋𝑋 2𝑛𝑛−1 ,1−𝛼𝛼
2
= 𝑋𝑋28,0.95 = 16.928

𝑋𝑋 2𝑛𝑛−1 ,1−𝛼𝛼
2
= 𝑋𝑋30,0.95 = 18.493

2 fark için 1,565 farksa

1 fark için 0,7825

Dolayısıyla 𝑋𝑋 2𝑛𝑛−1 ,1−𝛼𝛼

2
= 𝑋𝑋29,0.95 = 16.928+0,7825= 17.7105
16
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Hypothesis Tests of One Population
Variance
In order to investigate the effect of a new tire formulation on tire life, 16
tires produced with this formulation were randomly selected and their
lifespan was tested. At the end of this test, the average of the sample
volume was found as 60139.7 km and the standard deviation was 3654.94
km. Can it be said that the standard deviation of tire life is less than 4000
km at the 0.05 significance level?
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Hypothesis Tests of Two Population
Variance
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Hypothesis Tests of Two Population
Variance
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Hypothesis Tests of Two Population
Variance
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Hypothesis Tests of Two Population
Variance
You are a financial analyst for a brokerage firm. You want to compare
dividend yields between stocks listed on the NYSE & NASDAQ. You collect
the following data :
NYSE NASDAQ
Number 21 25
Mean 3.27 2.53
Standart 1,30 1,16
Deviation

Is there a difference in the variances between the NYSE & NASDAQ at the
𝛼𝛼=0.05 level?
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Hypothesis Tests of Two Population
Variance
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Hypothesis Tests of Two Population
Variance
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Hypothesis Tests of Two Population
Variance
It was aimed to investigate whether the spread of the work duration of
workers working at a workstation varies according to the gender of the
employees. Among those working at the workstation, 25 men and 21
women were randomly selected, and they were made to repeat the
operations performed at the workstation and the times were recorded. As
a result, the standard deviation of men's processing times was found to be
0.98 minutes and the standard deviation of women's processing times
was 1.02 minutes. For 𝛼𝛼=0.02 , is there a difference in the duration of
work done by men and women in terms of spread?
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Hypothesis Tests of Two Population
Variance
𝑛𝑛1 = 25
𝐻𝐻0 : 𝜎𝜎12 = 𝜎𝜎12
𝑠𝑠1 = 0.98
𝐻𝐻1 : 𝜎𝜎12 ≠ 𝜎𝜎12
𝑛𝑛2 = 21
𝑠𝑠2 = 1.02

𝑠𝑠12 0.982
𝑓𝑓 = 2 = 2 ≅ 0,923
𝑠𝑠2 1.02

𝐹𝐹0.01,24,20 = 2.86
𝐻𝐻0 ACCEPT
For 𝛼𝛼=0.02, do not have sufficient evidence that the gender of employees affects
the spread of the work duration performed by employees.