Reservoir Simulation

Lecture 4: Reservoir Simulator

Haval Hawez
Petroleum Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
Koya University

01.11.2018
Outline:

• End-point scaling of Relative Permeability

• Pseudo-capillary Pressure

• Pseudo-Relative Permeability

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 End-point Scaling of RP

Normalize Water Saturation

Used to adjust the end-point saturation values to
adjust the oil water data

𝑆𝑤 −𝑆𝑤𝑐
𝑆 ∗𝑤 = (1)
1−𝑆𝑤𝑐 −𝑆𝑜𝑟

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 End-point Scaling of RP

Example: calculate the appropriate water saturation

values to scale the giving water-oil relative permeability
for the giving below data to the following end-point
values. Swc=0.15 Sor=0.4

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 End-point Scaling of RP

Solution: using equation (1), to calculate normalized 𝑆 ∗𝑤

∗
𝑆𝑤 − 𝑆𝑤𝑐 𝑆𝑤 − 0.104
𝑆 𝑤 = =
1 − 𝑆𝑤𝑐 − 𝑆𝑜𝑟 1 − 0.104 − 0.43

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 End-point Scaling of RP

Using the new end-points, recalculate the new Sw values using:

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 Pseudo-capillary Pressure

Pseudo-capillary Pressure

∆𝜌 𝐻
𝑃𝑐 = (2)
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Example 1:
For the following water saturation data and for a
reservoir having a water with density of 67 Ib/ft3 and an
oil density of 50 Ib/ft3. Calculate the associated capillary
pressure.

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Pseudo-capillary Pressure

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 Pseudo-capillary Pressure

Example 2:
For reservoir including oil having a density of 50Ib/ft3
and gas density of 9 𝑙𝑏 𝑓𝑡 3 . Calculate the following
capillary pressure points in the below sketch. Swc = 20%

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 Pseudo-capillary Pressure
Solution:
1. For the bottom layer, being all liquid (Oil & Water).
𝑃𝑐𝑔𝑜 = 0

2. For the middle layer, since Swc = 0.2

∆𝜌 𝐻 50 − 9 10
𝑃𝑐𝑔𝑜 = = = 2.85 psi @ Sg = 0.4
144 144
3. For the above layer, consisting of gas and water.

∆𝜌 𝐻 50 − 9 20
𝑃𝑐𝑔𝑜 = = = 5.70 psi @ Sg = 0.8
144 144
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 Pseudo-capillary Pressure

Example 3:
Calculate the gas-oil capillary pressure as a function of
either gas or liquid saturation for a reservoir having the
following data:
• API=45.1◦ gas gravity=0.65 Bo=1.18 RVB/STB
• Bg=2.5 RVB/MCF
• Rs= 480 SCF/STB Swc=0.25

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Pseudo-Relative Permeability

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 Pseudo-Relative Permeability
Example1: Calculate the oil-water relative permeability
for a stratified reservoir having the following data.

Swc=0.2 Sor=0.25 Krow=0.85 Krw=0.4

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 Pseudo-Relative Permeability
Solution: Reorder the layers for permeability

• No layer flooded:
Swc=0.2 Krw=0 Krow=0.85
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 Pseudo-Relative Permeability
• Layer 5 flooded

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 Pseudo-Relative Permeability
• Layer 5 & 3 flooded

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 Pseudo-Relative Permeability
• Layer 5,3 & 1 flooded

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 Pseudo-Relative Permeability
• Layer 5,3,1 & 4 flooded

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 Pseudo-Relative Permeability
• All layers flooded

Sw = 1-Sor = 1-0.25 = 0.75

Krw = 0.40 @ Sw = 0.75

Krow = 0 @ Sw = 0.75

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