NON PARAMETRIC

TESTS
DDC-MLS
MANN-WHITNEY
U
MANN-WHITNEY U
● A substitute for T-test if ORDINAL values are involved
● Appropriate alternative for interval-level data when
normality in the population distribution cannot be assumed
and the samples are too small to produce a NORMAL
SHAPED SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION for the difference
between means
○ NON PARAMETRIC Equivalent of Independent samples
T-test (2 GROUPS WITH DIFFERENT CONDITIONS)
Example 1: DRUG DEPRESSION
SCORE
DRUG DEPRESSION
SCORE

ECSTASY 28 ALCOHOL 5

ECSTASY 35 ALCOHOL 6
The Researcher wants
ECSTASY 35 ALCOHOL 30
to know which of the 2
ECSTASY 24 ALCOHOL 8
substances(ALCOHOL,
ECSTASY 39 ALCOHOL 9
ECSTASY) will make
ECSTASY 32 ALCOHOL 7
you more depressed?
ECSTASY 27 ALCOHOL 6
ALPHA= 0.05 ECSTASY 29 ALCOHOL 17

ECSTASY 36 ALCOHOL 3

ECSTASY 35 ALCOHOL 10
1.) DETERMINE IF NOT DATAS ARE NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED ,
DETERMINE THE MEDIAN VALUES FOR REPORTING
DETERMINE IF THE
VALUES ARE NOT
NORMALLY
DISTRIBUTED
a.) IF YES,
PROCEED TO
MANN-WHITNEY
U
DETERMINE

ECSTASY : 0.566 > 0.05= Normally distributed

ALCOHOL: 0.004 < 0.05= Not normally distributed

EITHER OR BOTH = NOT NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED

MANN-WHITNEY U
SIGNIFICANT
STEPS: APA format reporting

Ecstasy users (Median = 33.50)

were significantly more
depressed than alcohol users
(Median = 7.50), U = 4.00, p <
0.001
WILCOXON
SIGNED
RANK TEST
WILCOXON SIGNED RANK TEST
● Nonparametric test with assumptions similar to
Mann-Whitney U
● Dependent samples/paired T-test NON
PARAMETRIC equivalent
(1 GROUP WITH 2 CONDITIONS)
 SUNDAY DEPRESSION WEDNESDAY

Example 1:
DEPRESSION

15 28

35 35
The Researcher wants 16 35
to know which of the 18 24
DAYS IN A WEEK
(SUNDAY, 19 39

WEDNESDAY) will 17 32
make ECSTASY USER 27 27
GROUP more
16 29
depressed?
13 36

20 35
1.) WILCOXON SIGNED RANK TEST
LOOK FOR THE MEDIAN FOR APA REPORTING
MEDIANS
STEPS: APA format reporting

For Ecstasy users, Depression

levels were significantly
higher on Wednesday
0.012 < 0.05 =
(Median = 33.50) than on
Sunday (Median = 17.50),
Significant

z=2.53, p<0.05
SPEARMAN
RHO
CORRELATION
SPEARMAN RHO CORRELATION

● CAN BE USED IN ORDER TO DETERMINE CORRELATIONS

INVOLVING AN ORDINAL-TYPE VALUE
● (GIVEN THAT THERE IS STILL A SCALE VALUE)
● USE PEARSON R ONLY FOR INTERVAL/SCALE TYPE
VALUES
SPEARMAN RHO CORRELATION -EXAMPLE
SATISFACTORINESS QUIZ SCORES
OUT OF 6

A RESEARCHER WANTS 1- unsatisfactory 3 1

TO KNOW THE
SIGNIFICANCE AND THE 2- less 4 1
satisfactory
CORRELATION BETWEEN 1 0
THE SATISFACTORINESS 3- low
4 15
OF ONLINE LEARNING satisfactory
AND SCORES GARNERED 6 7
4 - satisfactory
IN A SMALL GENERAL 6 8
KNOWLEDGE ONLINE 5 - above
QUIZ. satisfactory 4 9

2 5
ALPHA= 0.05 6 - high
satisfactory 1 1

6 1
SPEARMAN RHO CORRELATION
INTERPRETATION
APA FORMAT:
THERE WAS A (SIGNIFICANT/NON
SIGNIFICANT)
(POSITIVE/NEGATIVE)
CORRELATION BETWEEN
PARTICIPANTS RATINGS/VALUES
OF ______ AND ______ rS( NUMBER
OF SAMPLES - 2) = (CORRELATION
COEFFICIENT), p > or < 0.05

0.155 > 0.05 ; NOT

SIGNIFICANT
INTERPRETATION

THERE WAS A NON SIGNIFICANT

POSITIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN
PARTICIPANTS RATINGS OF
SATISFACTORINESS OF ONLINE
LEARNING AND ONLINE QUIZ SCORES
rS(8) = 0.486, p > 0.05
CHI SQUARE
DISTRIBUTION
CHI-SQUARE TEST

● EVALUATES RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 2 VARIABLES

● NON PARAMETRIC; PERFORMED ON CATEGORICAL
(NOMINAL OR ORDINAL) DATA (BOTH DATA)
● ONLY A 1-TAILED TEST
CHI-SQUARE TEST

A RESEARCHER WANTED TO KNOW THE RELATIONSHIP

BETWEEN THE GENDER AND UNIFORM COLOR PREFERENCE
(BLUE, GREEN, PINK) ALPHA = 0.05

GENDER BLUE GREEN PINK

BOYS 100 150 20 270

GIRLS 20 30 180 230

TOTAL 120 180 200 N=500

CHI SQUARE TEST

1.) DETERMINE THE FREQUENCIES

a.) BOYS WHO PREFER: (270 data gathered)
i.) Blue = 100/270 x 100 = 37.037
ii.) Green = 150/270 x 100 = 55.556
iii.) Pink = 20/270 x 100 = 7.407
b.) GIRLS WHO PREFER:(230 data gathered)
i.) Blue = 20/230 x 100 = 8.696
ii.) Green = 30/230 x 100 = 13.043
iii.) Pink = 180/230 x 100 = 78.261
INPUT ALL THE POSSIBLE COMBINATIONS AND
THEIR FREQUENCIES AND WEIGHT FREQUENCIES
PERFORM CHI SQUARE TEST OF INDEPENDENCE

NOTE: VALUES CAN BE INTERCHANGE (ROWS AND COLUMNS)

OUTPUTS
OUTPUTS
OUTPUTS
CHI-SQUARE TEST OF INDEPENDENCE

p-VALUE IS LESS THAN

0.05, SIGNIFICANT

REJECT H0
THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
GENDER AND UNIFORM
COLOR PREFERENCE
INTERPRET VIA APA FORMAT

THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER

AND UNIFORM COLOR PREFERENCE, X2(2, N = 200 ) = 103.15,
p < 0.05.
BOYS ARE MORE LIKELY TO PREFER GREEN UNIFORM, WHILE
GIRLS ARE MORE LIKELY TO PREFER PINK (56% AND 78%)

N=200 = EXPECTED COUNT @ OUTPUT

103.15 = PEARSON CHI SQUARE VALUE
FIN.