~

S_P_EE
_C_H
_ B_Y_N_E_L_S_ON-~m~ ,
Toclay, ■II of us clo, lly..., ,,_,.,. ...,___ oonfar l'-Y •cl hope
liberty. Out of the apertew of• utaHnllMry human cllll._
too Ions, must be born ■ saalaty of which ■I hum■nlty wlll be
who were outlaws not IO Ions -,0, have loclay Nell atwn the N
to be host to the nations of the world on our own sod. We thank ■I of our
cllstlnpllhacl lntam■tlon■l pamfor havinsC1D1M totalra poaealon with
the paople of our oowdry of what Is, ■tt... ■II, • common victory for justice,
fiDr ,.._, for human cllplty. We have, at lut, ■ahlaNcl our polltlc■I
em■nc11pa11on. Wepleclp......,_to ......_ •--,-,a. hmthe
I oontlnllinl bond. . ~ povaty, cleprlvatlon, ........, ...... ■ncl other
I tllsartmlnatlon. Never, never, ■ncl never ■pin sh■II • N that this beautiful

1/./4
,. ...,
_,e'¼l■ncl II ■pin_,..,.. the appra■lion of one lly ■nather. The sun shall
■et on IO pwloul ■ human Mh..,.ment. lat freeclam ........ Gael blea
MANYA DHAMANI
10 A2
 VICTORY
Nelson Mandela has become South Africa's first Black President after more
than three centuries of White rule, Mr. Mandela's African National Congress
(ANC) party won 252 of the 400 seats in the first democratic elections of
South Africa's history. The inauguration ceremony took place in the Union
Buildings amphitheater in Pretoria today, attended by politicians and
dignitaries from more than 140 countries around the world. "Never, never
again will this beautiful land experience the oppression of one by another, "
said Nelson Mandela in his address.... Jubilant scenes on the streets of
Pretoria followed the ceremony with blacks, whites and colored's celebrating
qeth•r••. More than 100,000 South African men, women and children of all
nice■ A"I and danced with joy.
 GGLE AGAINST APARTHEID
The struggle against apartheid was begun by the most famous leader Nelson Mandela, who
afterward became the symbol of the anti-Apartheid struggle. People stood against this act
in the name of the Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM). White South Africans monopolized
control over the state and the economy. Demoralized from the lack of results from their
non-violent movement and armed uprising, in the end, a concrete grassroots civil resistance
movement with International support and sanctions forced the white government to
negotiate.
Policies in the Apartheid system:
I. Strict Segregation: The blacks were debarred from living in white areas. They could work
in white areas only if they had allowed them to work there.
II. Ban on the formation of association and protests: Blacks could not form associations or
protest against the extreme discriminatory treatment.
Ill. No voting rights for non-whites: The system of apartheid dividecj the people and labeled
them on the basis of their skin colour. The non-whites did n· jghts.

.,~-
 ... -~ ..

·ons.
· al way ta enact
. Many

illnH!llt tool, and many schaals h

ents of more than $1 billion, giving
 . ...,.......,,,,
~ nd~l~:f_
· frica.
...,,-
against apartheid. ~~stem hite supremacy in South
artheid. everyone wasJ! i one of four racial
tegories: "whitefEuropean," "black,"' d," or "Indian/ Asian." •;~ It
n-white South Africans were second-clas citizens with little or no U
..olitical power. Restrictive laws governed every aspect of people's lives,
di~ing where they could live, work and travel and restricting their
aca .to education. health care and other social services.
.,r

Mandela rose up against apartheid and called upon all South Africans to
joln'lil.· Although he was arrested and imprisoned for 27 years for
gFrtmFfor freedom, Mandela refused to give up the struggle or give in
o ~ Mandela was fighting against apartheid, but he was also
g~~ r something: a better world. in which the freedom. justice and
~~ of all were respected. Even before his release in 199D. Mandela
""ri negotiating with the government to end apartheid. Through ose
negotiations, he helped preve!ft~d a bloody civil war. ~
 . t @[)2l@mi@@mi@ ~. [jj]j)~r~~ITT1Uf, ,
,.,.
r:eat. I unrest, v10
t1ca . j of v1'IIag~s,?,']
. Ience, burning ,-_.ht!J',/_ ~ J.t1on- of '
d'-._s eg'!g~_
1
blacks'a d whites led to boycotts and riots. To co',~~~ frhe vi~lence the \
white inority government created Apartheid, which segregated the \
/ __. .. -~ w ite population from the white minority (Davisf. Strict Apartheid )
.· ~ -: ::~laws ontrolled where people could live, go to school, work, and who
/ ,. -;.:.::;/~ he could interact with. Opposition leaders were beaten or jailed for
s nking or demonstrating against the rules. The word Apartheid is
Afrikaan for "apartness". South African's were divided into four groups: /
Blacks, Whites, Asian, and Colored. The white minority controlled 80%
of South African land, Blacks were stripped of their citizenship and
women were pushed to the side.
 NAMASKAR
~ My name is Manya Dhamani.
I'm from class 10a2. My roll
number is 10227.
Modern humans have lived at the southern tip of Africa for more ancestors for some
3,3 million years
Some 2 DOD years ago, the Khoekhoe(the Hottentots of early European tem1inology) were pastoralists who had
settled mostly along the coast, while the San (the Bushmen) were hunter-gatherers spread across the region. At
this time, Bantu-speaking agropastoral beg,an arriving in southern Africa,
spreading from the eastern lowlands to the Highveld. At several archaeological sites there is evidence of
sophisticated political and material cultures.
The Khoisan peoples are the aboriginal people of the region who have liv ere for millennia. Black African South
Africans, trace their origins to the Great Lakes region of Africa. White Africa, descendants of later
European migrations, regard themselves as products n of Sou w itizens, as do
South Africa's Colored's, Indians, Asians and Je s.