1.

Questions with multiple choice answers

1. The diagram shows two identical spheres X and Y initially. X moves with speed v
directly towards Y. Y is stationary. The spheres collide elastically. What happens?

X Y

A 1 1
moves with speed v to the right moves with speed v to the right
2 2

B moves with speed v to the left remains stationary

C 1 1
moves with speed v to the left moves with speed v to the right
2 2

D stops moves with speed v to the right

[1]

2. A 2250 kg pickup truck has a velocity of 25 m/s to the east. What is the momentum of the
truck?

A.1.0 ∙10 4 kg ∙ m∙ c−1

B.2.5 ∙10 4 kg ∙ m∙ c−1

C. 5.6 ∙ 104 kg ∙ m∙ c−1

D.9.0 ∙ 104 kg ∙ m∙ c−1

[1]

3. In describing the behavior of a spring, the spring constant is used. Different losds are
used to extend the spring by different amounts. To find the spring constant, which
quantities are required?

23
 A. the elastic limit and the loads

B. the elastic limit, extensions and the length of the spring

C. the loads and the extensions of the spring

D. the loads and the length of the spring

[1]

4. Which equation expresses the law of conservation of momentum?

A. p=mv

B. m1 v 1 ,i +m2 v 2 ,i=m1 v 1 , f +m2 v 2 ,f

1 2 2 1 2
C. m v +m v = (m +m )v
2 1 1 ,i 2 2 ,i 2 1 2 f

D. KE= ∆ p

[1]

5. The force-extension graph for a length of metal wire is shown below.

The gfradient of the graph is equal to the force constant k of the wire.

24
 EA
The force constant k is given by: k =
l

where E is the Young modulus of the metal,

A is the cross-sectional area of the wire and

l is the natural length of the wire.

How the gradient of the force–extension graph would change for a wire of the same material
but twice the radius?

A. The gradient of the graph is increased by a factor of 4.

B. The gradient of the graph is decreased by a factor of 4.

C. The gradient of the graph is remained constant.

D. The gradient of the graph is halved.

[1]

6. The graph below represents the relationship between the force applied to a spring and
spring elongation for four different springs.

Figure 2.

Which spring has the greatest spring constant?

25
 A. 1.

B. 2.

C. 3.

D. 4.

[1]

7. The property by which a body returns to its original shape after the removed of the force is
called

A. plasticity

B. elasticity

C. ductility

D. Malleability

[1]

8. A roller coaster climbs up a hill at 4m/s and then zips down the hill at 30 m/s. The
momentum of the roller coaster

A. is greater up the hill than down the hill

B. is greater down the hill than up the hill

C. remain the same throughout the ride

D. is zero throughout the ride

[1]

9. Consider a ring of mass “M” as shown below. What is the gravitational potential at a point
“p” at a distance of “r” from the Centre of the ring?

26
 A. – GM /√ a2 +r 2

B. – GM /√ r

C. – GM / (a 2+ r 2)2

D. – GM / r 2

[1]

10. The speed of an object orbiting planet depends on

A. only the mass of the planet.

B. only the mass of the object being orbited.

C. the masses of each object and the distance between them.

D. the mass of the planet and the distance between the objects.

[1]

2. SHA - QUESTIONS THAT REQUIRE SHORT ANSWER

11. A straight rod of the same material is bent as shown in Figure 12.1.

27
Suggest why a thin rod can bend more than a thick rod without breaking.
................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
[3]

12. A wire supported at its upper end, hangs vertically. The table shows the reading obtained
when stretching the wire by suspending masses from its lower end.

(a) Plot a graph of extension (y-axis) against load (x-axis) on the graph provided.

[2]
(b) The unstretched length of the wire is 1.6m and the area of cross-section 8.0 x 10-8 m
.
Calculate the value of the Young modulus of the material.

[2]

13. A satellite of mass m is in an elliptical orbit around the Earth, which has a mass Me and
radius Re. The orbit varies from a closest approach distance a at point A to a maximum distance

28
of B from the center of the Earth at point B as shown in Fig. 13.1. At point A, the speed of the
satellite is vo. Assume that the gravitational potential energy Ug = 0
when masses are an infinite distance apart.

Fig 13.1 Fig 13.2

As the satellite passes point A, a rocket engine on the satellite is fired so that its orbit is changed
to a circular orbit of radius a about the center of the Earth as shown in Fig. 13.2. Express your
answers in terms of A , B, m , Me , Re , vo , and G.
(a) Determine the speed of the satellite for this circular orbit.

[2]
(b) Determine the work done by the rocket engine to effect this change.

work done = ............................. [2]

14. The Figure 14.1 shows a spacecraft in an elliptical orbit around the Earth. Its distance from the
Earth varies as it traverses its orbit:

29
 Fig 14.1

Include reasons with your answer to these questions:

a) Four points P-S are marked on the orbit in Figure 16.1. State, with a reason, the point at which
the spacecraft has greatest kinetic energy;
..........................................................................................................................................................
.
[1]

b) State, with a reason, the point at which the Earth’s gravitational pull on the spacecraft is
weakest;
..........................................................................................................................................................
.
[1]

15. A tennis ball of mass 100 g is struck by a tennis racket. The velocity of the ball is changed as
shown.

30
i) What is the magnitude of the change in momentum of the ball?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
[2]

16. A ball has mass m. It is dropped onto a horizontal plate as shown in fig 16.1.

Just as the ball makes contact with the plate, it has velocity v, momentum p and kinetic energy Ek.
(a) (i) Write down an expression for momentum p in terms of m and v.
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
[1]

(ii) Hence show that the kinetic energy is given by the expression

[2]
17. (a) The following diagram shows three satellites, A, B and C, in orbit around the Earth. The
diagram is not to scale.

31
(i) Complete the following table. Each letter may be used once, more than once or not at all.

Description of satellite Is this satellite A, B or C?

It is in a low polar orbit.
It is in a geostationary orbit.
It is used as a monitoring satellite.
[3]

(iv) How long does a satellite in a geostationary orbit take to complete one orbit?

_______________________________________________________________________

[1]

(b) A rocket is used to carry a satellite into position. As the distance between the rocket and the
Earth increases, what happens to the force of gravity between the rocket and the Earth?

_______________________________________________________________________

[1]

18. In a football match, a player kicks a stationary football of mass 0.44 kg and gives it a speed
of 32 m s–1.

(a) (i) Calculate the change of momentum of the football.

32
 [1]

(ii) The contact time between the football and the footballer’s boot was 9.2 m s.
Calculate the average force of impact on the football.

[2]
(b) A video recording showed that the toe of the boot was moving on a circular arc of radius
0.62 m centred on the knee joint when the football was struck. The force of the impact
slowed the boot down from a speed of 24 m s–1 to a speed of 15 m s–1.

Fig
(i) Calculate the deceleration of the boot along the line of the impact force when it struck
the football.
................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................
[1]
(ii) Calculate the centripetal acceleration of the boot just before impact.

................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(iii) Discuss briefly the radial force on the knee joint before impact and during the impact.
________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
[2]
33
3. EA - QUESTIONS THAT REQUIRE AN EXTENDED ANSWER

19. (a) Fig. 19.1 shows the variation with tensile force of the extension of a copper wire.

Fig 19.1
(i) State whether copper is a ductile, brittle or polymeric material.

[1]
(ii)
1. On Fig 19.1 mark with the letter L the point the line beyond Hooks low does not apply.
2. State how the spring constant for the wire may be obtained from fig 19.1
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
[2]

b) A cooper wire is fixed at one end passes over a pulley. A mass hangs from the free end of the
wire, as shown in fig 19.2.

The length of wire between the fixed end and the pulley is 2,5m. When the mass on the wire is
increased by 6.0kg , a pointer attached to the pulley rotates though an angle of 6.5 0. The pulley,
of diameter 3.0cm, is rough so that the wire does not slide over it.
(i) For this increase in mass,
1. Show that the wire extends by 0.17cm.

34
 2. Calculate the increase in strain of the wire

increase in strain _________________________

[4]

20. (a) Explain what is meant by the gravitational potential at a point in a gravitational field.
________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

[2]
(b) Use the following data to calculate the gravitational potential at the surface of the Moon.
mass of Earth = 81 mass of Moon
radius of Earth = 3.7 radius of Moon
gravitational potential at surface of the Earth = –63 MJ kg–1
________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

35
 [3]
(c) Sketch a graph on the axes below to indicate how the gravitational potential varies with
distance along a line outwards from the surface of the Earth to the surface of the Moon.

[3]

36