Testing of High Tension (HT) panels and Low Tension (LT) panels is crucial to ensure the safe and

reliable operation of electrical distribution systems. Here are some key aspects and tests associated
with HT and LT panel testing:

### High Tension (HT) Panel Testing:

1. **Insulation Resistance Test:**

- Measure the insulation resistance between phases and between each phase and ground to
ensure that the insulation is adequate.

2. **Dielectric Strength Test:**

- Perform a high voltage test to check the dielectric strength of the insulation material, ensuring it
can withstand the specified voltage without breakdown.

3. **Contact Resistance Test:**

- Verify the resistance across contacts in the HT panel to ensure efficient electrical connections and
minimal energy losses.

4. **Circuit Breaker Testing:**

- Test the functionality of circuit breakers, including tripping time, closing time, and insulation
resistance. Ensure that the circuit breakers operate within specified tolerances.

5. **Protection Relay Testing:**

- Test and calibrate protection relays to ensure they respond appropriately to fault conditions and
provide the necessary protection for the system.

6. **Busbar Stability Test:**

- Verify the stability of busbars under specified fault conditions, ensuring they can withstand the
mechanical forces generated during a fault.

7. **Verification of Control Circuits:**

 - Check the control circuits for proper wiring, continuity, and functionality to ensure that the panel
can be operated safely.

8. **Primary and Secondary Injection Tests:**

- Conduct primary and secondary injection tests on protection relays to verify their response to
simulated fault conditions.

### Low Tension (LT) Panel Testing:

1. **Functional Testing:**

- Verify the proper functioning of all components within the LT panel, including switches, fuses,
indicators, and meters.

2. **Earth Continuity Test:**

- Ensure the continuity of the earth path by measuring the resistance between the panel's metallic
parts and the earth.

3. **Short Circuit Test:**

- Simulate short circuit conditions to ensure that protective devices, such as circuit breakers and
fuses, operate correctly to isolate the faulty section.

4. **Load Sharing and Balancing:**

- Verify that the load is evenly distributed across all phases, and there is no imbalance that could
lead to overheating of components.

5. **Temperature Rise Test:**

- Measure the temperature rise of critical components, such as busbars and cables, under full-load
conditions to ensure they remain within acceptable limits.

6. **Voltage Drop Test:**

 - Check for excessive voltage drop across the panel to ensure that the connected loads receive the
required voltage.

7. **Emergency Stop and Interlock Testing:**

- Test emergency stop functions and interlocks to ensure that the panel can be safely shut down in
case of an emergency.

8. **Harmonics and Power Quality Analysis:**

- Analyze the power quality to identify and mitigate harmonic distortions that may affect the
performance of connected equipment.

Always follow safety procedures and guidelines while conducting panel testing, and ensure that
testing is performed by qualified personnel. Additionally, adherence to relevant standards, such as
IEC and IEEE, is essential during the testing process.