A

General Elective (GE) Report

On

“INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT”

From

“GREAT LEARNING”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement Seminar for the THIRD Semester
Bachelor of Computer Application
by
DEEPAK SINGH
2292050

DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL OF COMPUTING

GRAPHIC ERA HILL UNIVERSITY HALDWANI CAMPUS
TULARAMPUR, NEAR MAHALAXMI TEMPLE, OPP. MIDDAS SQUAR, HALDWANI,
UTTARAKHAND 263139
2023 – 2024
Certificate
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Abhinanda Sarkar for
creating and delivering an exceptional online learning experience through the
Introduction to Management. The depth of knowledge, clarity of presentation,
and the engaging format of the course have made a significant impact on my
understanding of Management Fundamentals.
Furthermore, I extend my appreciation to the entire Great Learning team for
their commitment to fostering a conducive and inclusive learning
environment. The seamless delivery of the course content, prompt responses
to queries, and the overall professionalism exhibited by the team have
exceeded my expectations.
I am grateful for the opportunity to be a part of this enriching learning
community and for the skills and insights gained through the Introduction to
Management. This course has not only expanded my expertise but has also
inspired a continued pursuit of knowledge in management fundamentals.
Thank you once again to everyone involved in making this online learning
experience a truly rewarding one.

DEEPAK SINGH

DEEPAKSINGH.22041217@gehu.ac.in
S.NO DETAILS OF MODULES ATTENDED SIGNATURE

1 INTRODUCTION

2 FEATURES OF MANAGEMENT

3 OBJECTIVES OF MANAGEMENT

4 PROCESS OF MANAGEMENT

5 LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT

6 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

7 CONCLUSION
 WHAT IS MANAGEMENT

• Management is a process of completing things done in a proper manner

with effectively and efficiently.

• Management is essential for every business whether it is small and big in

size, profit making or non-profit organization. Management is pervasive.
• Effectively means when an organization complete its task within the
given time.

• Efficiently means when an organization complete its task within the

given time with the proper utilization of resources, without overlapping
of work.
• Management plays a vital role in the organization without management
any organization cannot run, survive, or make any profit.
• Management consists of a series of inter related functions that are
performed by all the managers.

• Management is the process by which a cooperative group directs actions

of others towards common goals.
• Management is the coordination of all resources through the process of
planning, organizing, dir3ecting and controlling in order to attain stated
objectives.
• Effectiveness is concerned with doing the right task, completing
activities and achieving goals. Int other words, it is concerned with end
results.
• Efficiency refers to do the task in the right way, i.e., with minimum cost
and optimum utilization of resources. Efficiency involve cost benefit
analysis.
FEATURES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MANAGEMENT

➢ Goal oriented process: Management always aims at achieving

the organizational objectives. The functions and activities of
manager lead to the achievement of organizational objective.
Management unites the efforts of different individuals in the
organization towards achieving common goals.

➢ Management is Pervasive: Managerial activities are

performed in all types of organization in all department and at all
levels. Management is required in all organization whether big or
small, manufacturing or service organization, profit or non-profit
organization.

➢ Management is a continuous process: Management is a

continuous or never-ending function. All the functions of
management are performed continuously, for example, planning,
organizing, staffing, directing and controlling are performed by all
the mangers all the time.
➢ Management is a group activity: Management always refers to a
group of people involved in managerial activities. All levels of
management perform, involvement of all employees to manage and
achieve the goal. Use of we not I to represent management.

➢ Intangible: Management function cannot be physically seen but its

presence can be felt. The presence of management can be felt by seeing
the orderliness and coordination in the working environment.

➢ Management is a dynamic function: Management has to make

changes in goal, objective and other activities according to changes
taking place in the environment. The external environment such as
social, economical, technical and political environment has influence
over the management.

➢ Management is multi-dimensional: Management does not mean

on single activity but include three main activities:
• Management of work: All organizations are set up to perform
some task or goal. Management activities aim at achieving goals or
tasks to be accomplished. Management makes sure that work is
accomplished effectively and efficiently.

• Management of people: People refer to human resources and

human resources are the most important assets of an organization.
Management has to get task accomplished through people by
making their strength effective and their weakness irrelevant.
• Management of operations: Operations refers to activities of
production cycle such as buying inputs, converting them into semi-
finished goods, finished goods. Management of operations
concentrates on mixing management of work with management of
people, i.e., deciding what work has to be done, how it has to be
done and who will do it.
 OBJECTIVES OF MANAGEMENT

✓ Organizational Objective: These objectives aim at prosperity

and growth of the organization.
1. Survival: The basic purpose of every organization is to survive
and exist in the competitive market for a long period of time and it
is possible only when it is able to cover its cost.
2. Profit: The most important objective of every organization is
earning adequate amount of profit. Profit is essential for survival,
growth and expansion of business.
3. Growth: Business organization must grow and expand their
activities. The successful organization is measured by the growth
rate and growth is measured in terms of sale number of branches,
number of products and etc.

✓ Social Objective: Social objective of the organizations deal

with the commitment of the organizations towards the society.
1.Supply of quality products at reasonable prices.
2.Contribution towards desirable civic activities.
3.Generation of employment opportunities.
4.Financial support to community.
5. Participating actively in social service projects of government
and NGOs.
 6. Providing employment opportunities to weaker section of the
society.

✓ Personal Objectives: These objectives are related to the employees

of the organization. As employees are the important resources.
1. Competitive salary to fulfil financial needs of employees.
2. Promotion, training, personal growth and development of
employees to fulfil esteem and other higher-level needs of
employees.
3. Good and healthy working conditions for safety of employees.
4. Peer recognition, self respect, respect for colleague to fulfil social
needs.
 PROCESS OF MANAGEMENT

The process of management includes some steps like planning as per the
organizational goal, the implementing that plan to achieve the goal, after
that analyzing the plan performance and the actual performance, and in the
last step we have to improve the performance to achieve the organizational
goals.

1. Planning: Planning refers to thinking in advance that what is to be

done, when it is to be done, how it is to be done, and who is going to
do. In the planning process you have to identify the business
requirements, set organization goals and policies.

2. Implementation: Implement the business management process and

procedures. Set internal responsibilities and inform the staff and
organize training.

3. Analyzing: After implementing the plan, you have to analyses the

actual performance with the plan performance. Keep monitoring on
then process of business management.
4. Improving: Evaluate performance of all business management
process. Find opportunities for the improvement, initiate corrective
actions. If there is any negative deviations then you have to improve
your strategy.

5. Controlling: In the last step a manager have to control over all the
activities performed in the organization. It will done after every
changes taking place in the business environment.
 LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT

As we have already learnt that management does not refer to a single

individual but it refers a group of persons. In companies’ large number of
persons are employed and placed at different places to perform different
managerial activities.

❑ Top level management: They consist of the senior most executive of

the organization. Top level management consists chairman, Board of
Directors, Managing Director, General Manager, President, Vice
President, Chief Executive Officer, etc.
1. Determining the objectives of the enterprise.
2. Framing of plans and policies.
3. Assembling all the resources.
4. Responsible for welfare and survival of the organization.

❑ Middle level management: This level of management consists of

departmental heads such ad purchase department head, sales department
head, finance manager, marketing manager, plant superintendent etc.
1. Interpretation of policies framed by top management to lower
level.
2. Finding out or recruiting.
 3. Motivating the persons to perform to their best ability.
4. Cooperate with other departments for smooth functioning.

❑ Lower level/ Supervisory level: This level consists of supervisors,

foreman, sub-department executive; clerk, mangers of this group
actually carry on the work or perform the activities according to the
plans of top and middle level management.
1. Representing the problems of workers.
2. Maintaining good working conditions and developing healthy
relations.
3. Looking to safety of workers.
4. They are responsible for boosting the morale of the workers.
 FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT

Regardless of size, nature and type of the organization, all the managers have
to perform some basic functions which are:

Planning: Planning is always the first function performed by every

manager. Planning refers to thinking in advance that what is to be done,
when it is to be done, how it is to be done and by whom it should done.
It is also the bridges the gap between where we are standing today and
where we want to reach.

Organising: After setting up of plans next function of every manager

is to organize the activities and establishing an organization structure to
execute the plan. Setting up organization structure means deciding the
framework of working how many units and sub-units or departments are
needed, how many posts of designation are need in each department.

Staffing: Staffing is the third step or function of a manger. It refers to

recruitment, selecting, appointing the employees, assigning them duties,
maintaining cordial relations and taking care of grievances of
employees. It also includes training an development of employees,
deciding their remuneration, promotion, increments, etc.

Directing: Once the employees are appointed there is need to instruct

them and get the work done. Directing refers to giving directions or
instructions to employees and motivating them, supervising the activities
of employees, communicating with them.

Controlling: This is the last function of managers. In this function

managers try to match the actual performance with the planned
performance and if there is no match between both then managers try to
find out the reasons of deviation and suggest corrective measures to
come on the path of plan.
 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

❑ Division of work: This principle states that a whole work or project

is divided into small units or tasks and given to the employees as per
their skills and expertise. It will be easier for one person to do a small
unit of a project instead of the whole project.

❑ Authority and Responsibility: Authority means power to take

decisions and responsibility means obligation to complete any assigned
work. So an organization have to make balance between the authority
and responsibility the excess of responsibility without the authority leads
to failure to the work.

❑ Centralization and Decentralization: This principle states that

there must be a combination of centralization and decentralization.
Centralization means giving the power of taking decision in few hands
or high level. Decentralization means giving the power in every level of
management.

❑ Esprit De Corps: Management must encourage and promote team

spirit. This principle states that a manager should replace ‘I’ with ‘We’.
This will give rise to mutual trust and belongingness among team
members. It follows the principle of united we stand, divided we fall. A
manager should give the credit to the employees also.
 CONCLUSION

• So, basically management is essential for everyone if we are talking as

per the basis of a business so management is must for every king of
business no matter the business is small, big, profit making or a non-
profit making organization. It is pervasive in nature. Without
management no organization is able to achieve its desired goals.
Because management helps the business organization in many different
ways. Management is a combination of different functions which should
be done by the organization for achieving its goal like planning,
organizing, staffing, directing and controlling this are the functions
which are continuously done in the organization as per the plan and
policies of the organization.