1)

NASA. (2022, January 4). What is the James Webb Space Telescope?. NASA.
https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/james-webb-space-telescope/en/
In this website tells that the James Webb Space Telescope has a big role in our quest to
understand the universe. This telescope launched on December 25, 2021. It is the most
powerful and the largest telescope ever built. Shows that the last 200 million years, (after the
Big Bang) what our universe was like. Scientists can reach the objects in our solar system.
Describes the Webb telescope’s physical appearance and the features that make it different
from other telescopes. Lastly, the most significant feature is Webb will be hunting for signs of
life on other planets. In favor of this feature, scientists can discover new planets. Everyone
can see what is the James Webb Space Telescope doing right now.
2)
Hubble and Webb showcase the Pillars of Creation (side by side)
https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2022/10/Hubble_and_Webb_showc
ase_the_Pillars_of_Creation_side_by_side
This article states that a fresh near-infrared perspective and a larger visible light view
of the Pillars of Creation were unveiled in 2014 by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space
Telescope, displaying additional red stars and thick, dusty brown pillars. Webb's
image of the Eagle Nebula has more translucent posts, whereas Hubble's view
shows black pillars of gas and dust. The dust is emphasized by Hubble's backdrop
color, which obscures the stars. Star identification is made possible by Webb's blue
background light, which draws attention to stars and hydrogen atoms. While both
perspectives display local occurrences, only one provides a deeper cosmos. The
pillars are 6500 light-years from Earth in a tiny area of the Eagle Nebula.

3) Frontiers of Engineering. (2016, February 1). https://doi.org/10.17226/21825

The best space telescope available today is NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). It
is intended to use "first light" to image the formation of stars and galaxies, and it is scheduled
to launch in October 2018. Building on the achievements of the Hubble Space Telescope
(HST), the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will observe dimmer, redder targets that
date back 13.5 billion years to the beginning of the universe, some of the first objects to form
in the universe. Telescope observatories are launched into space to access wavelengths
unavailable for ground-based astronomical observations. By launching several of these
observatories, NASA has greatly increased our understanding of the cosmos.

The Hubble Space Telescope is one of the most impressive space-based observatories in use
right now. It has transformed nearly every facet of astronomy, with its most significant
contributions coming from observations of the early cosmos. A large amount of technology
development was required in order to fulfill the mission architecture of JWST. NASA began
JWST Phase A technology development in the late 1990s, and ten critical JWST
developments reached Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 6, which is a requirement for
program confirmation, in 2007.Among the technologies created for the JWST, the sunshield
will be the subject of this paper.
4)
Hubble Telescope vs. Webb Telescope - The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/25/science/hubble-telescope-vs-webb.html

The author compares two telescopes in this article and first mentions their mirrors. Webb
telescope has a primary mirror that is 6.5 meters in diameter, compared with Hubbles's,
which is 2.4 meters. The ability to view farther into the past is made possible by the
telescope's roughly seven times greater capacity to gather light. Another difference is that
Webb has cameras and other instruments sensitive to infrared, or "heat," radiation. The light
that would typically be in visible wavelengths is shifted to longer infrared wavelengths, which
are generally undetectable to human vision due to the cosmos expanding. At the end of the
article, the Hubble telescope is in low Earth orbit, where astronauts may go to repair worn-
out or malfunctioning equipment or mount new, more potent instruments. Its life was
prolonged by years above what was initially predicted by those changes.

5)Lambright, W.,H., (1995). Powering Apollo:James E. Webb of NASA. Johns Hopins

University Press.
From archival evidence and interviews with space agency officials, an in-depth
investigation into the relationship between the performance of the American space
program and NASA's organizational culture. When President Kennedy issued his well-
known challenge to reach the moon and return safely before the end of the 1960s, the
immediate responsibility for undertaking the task fell to 54-year-old NASA director James
E. Lambright examines Webb's dual roles as director of government programs and a
Washington insider, delving into the knowledge and background that enabled him to
manage his weighty duties. He also demonstrates how Webb's performance was a
reflection of significant shifts in twentieth-century public life, such as the rise of big
science, the consolidation of political power in Washington, the growth of the federal
bureaucracy, and ideas of collaboration between the public sector, business community,
and higher education.

6)
Astle, Robert (2021) "The James Webb Space Telescope and Scientific
Progress," Quest: Vol. 5, Article 1.

Students in University Physics 2425, in their first-semester introductory course in physics, have
produced the following research report. Physics, chemistry, math, and engineering majors are this
calculus-based course's primary target audience. Asking research-focused questions and using library
resources to do outside research to obtain answers are two ways students are exposed to academic
research. This project aims to have students do literature searches to find information on an issue or
topic in physical science, biological science, or technology and then write a research report exploring
their findings. In the following study, Robert Asle examines the Webb Telescope, the largest infrared
observatory ever launched into space. This document compares and contrasts JWST with its
predecessor, the Hubble Space Telescope, discussing JWST's more excellent technological capabilities.
The author examines the possible findings of JWST, such as dark matter, universe development, and
galaxy formation, all of which have the potential to make significant contributions to the field of
physics.
7)
International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research
ISSN: 2455-8834
Volume:07, Issue:02 "February 2022"

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the Hubble Space Telescope's scientific successor. It is a
cryogenic infrared space observatory with three passively cooled near-infrared instruments. It will use
infrared technology to observe the universe and go back in time. NASA collaborates with the
Canadian and European space agencies to develop the JWST. After completing technology
development, mission design, construction, integration, and verification testing, the JWST was
launched on the Ariane 5 launch vehicle from Kourou, French Guiana, on December 25, 2021. It has
arrived at Point L2 and started the calibration process.

8) Kearsley, A. T., Colaux, J. L., Ross, D. K., Wozniakiewicz, P. J., Gerlach, L., Anz-Meador, P.,
Griffin, T., Reed, B., Opiela, J., Palitsin, V. V., Grime, G. W., Webb, R. P., Jeynes, C., Spratt, J.,
Salge, T., Cole, M. J., Price, M. C., & Burchell, M. J. (2017). Hypervelocity impact in low earth
orbit: Finding subtle impactor signatures on the Hubble Space Telescope. Procedia
Engineering, 204, 492-499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.09.746

During shuttle orbiter service missions, materials returned from the Hubble Space Telescope have
made it possible to analyze many hypervelocity impact characteristics from lengthy exposure at
around 615 km altitude in low Earth orbit (LEO). Here, we report on the use of sophisticated X-ray
microanalysis methods to approximately 400 hits on the painted metal Wide Field and Planetary
Camera 2 (WFPC2) radiator shield using scanning electron microscopes (SEM), microprobes, and a 2
MV Tandetron. We have determined both tiny and enormous sources of artificial Orbital Debris (OD)
and natural Micrometeoroid (MM) particles. Typically, these particles leave little to no mark on HST
solar arrays since they pass through the whole cell thickness.