Temporal Landscape of Weekly markets

by

Anurag Anand

A/3244/2019 | 5th Year, Section B

Guide: Arpita Dayal

Coordinator: Gunjan Jain

Word count: 9350

Dissertation

Submitted to the Department of Architecture

School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi

Academic Year 2023-2024

(Source: Author)

i
 DECLARATION
The research work embodied in this dissertation titled “Temporal Landscape of

Weekly markets” has been carried out by the undersigned as part of the

undergraduate Dissertation programme in the Department of Architecture, School of

Planning and Architecture, New Delhi, under the supervision of Ms. Arpita Dayal.

The undersigned hereby declares that this is his/her original work and has not been

plagiarised in part or full form from any source.

____________________________________
Signature of candidate

Name : Anurag Anand

Roll No.: A/3244/2019
Year and Section: 5th Year, Section-B
Date:

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 CERTIFICATE

This dissertation, titled ‘Temporal Landscape of Weekly markets’ by Anurag Anand,

A/3244/2019, was carried out during the Fifth Year, Ninth Semester (2023) B.Arch.

Program in the Department of Architecture, under our guidance during August -

November 2023. On completion of the report in all aspects and based on the

declaration by the candidate above, we provisionally accept this dissertation report

and forward the same to the Department of Architecture, School of Planning and

Architecture, New Delhi, India.

Signature of Guide and Name (in capitals)

Signature of Coordinator and Name (in capitals)

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my gratitude to Mrs. Arpita Dayal, my guide, and Mrs. Gunjan

Jain, my coordinator, for allowing me to work on this topic, which appeared unclear at

first. This dissertation would not have been finished on time if it hadn't been for their

direction and tireless assistance. Their time, patience, and valuable insights on my

topic were all very beneficial in moving forward. Due acknowledgement is also given

to Mr. Saptarshi Sanyal, for the conduction and completion of the course subject.

I would also like to extend my gratitude to my friends, family and all the people who

have helped me directly or indirectly to finish this course.

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ABSTRACT
This dissertation explores the concept of temporality in the context of weekly markets.
Weekly markets are a common feature in many societies, where vendors gather at a
specific location on a particular day of the week to sell their goods. These markets
have a distinct temporal dimension, as they operate on a fixed schedule and are
characterized by a sense of transience.
The purpose of the study is to understand how the temporality of weekly markets
influences various aspects of these markets, including their organization, dynamics,
and impact on local communities. In the current era dominated by online shopping
platforms, supermarkets, and branded retail stores, it becomes utmost important to
comprehend the factors contributing to the resilience of weekly markets.
The research methodology involves a combination of qualitative and quantitative
approaches. Ethnographic observations, interviews with market vendors and
customers, and analysis of market data will be conducted to gain insights into the
temporal dynamics of weekly markets. The study will also explore the historical and
cultural factors that contribute to the establishment and maintenance of these markets.
The findings of this research will contribute to the existing literature on markets and
temporality, shedding light on the unique characteristics of weekly markets and their
significance in local economies and communities. The study will provide valuable
insights for policymakers, urban planners, and market organizers in understanding the
temporal dimensions of these markets and their implications for sustainable
development and community well-being. The results of surveys are significant as
majority people prefer weekly markets over malls and affordability of products and vast
options are major sources that attract customers. The conclusion of this study
underscores the vital role that temporary spaces play in enhancing urban
environments though there are some problems which needs to be indetified like
parking issues, traffic congestion etc. The conducted survey provides compelling
evidence that the weekly markets' transient nature is a pivotal factor in their economic
benefits for lower and middle-income groups. Additionally, these markets serve as
vibrant social hubs, promoting community engagement and contributing to the overall
liveliness of the city, all while making efficient use of limited urban space.
By examining the temporal aspects of these markets, this research seeks to contribute
to the broader discourse on the relationship between time, space, and economic
activities.

Keywords: Weekly markets, economic, social, cultural, spatial impact, livelihood,

seasonal variation, community engagement

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Declaration…………………………………………………………………...….…..…….ii

Certificate..…………………………………………………………………...….…..…….iii

Acknowledgements……………………………………….………………...….…..……iv

Abstract…………………………………………………………………..........….…..……v

List of Tables………………………………………………………………...….….…….vii

List of Figures……………………………………………………………………..……..viii

Chapter 1: Introduction……………………………………………………...…………1-2

Chapter 2: Literature Review…………………………………………...….…..….….3-8

Chapter 3: Research Design.…………………………………………...….…..…....9-20

Chapter 4: Analysis and Findings……………………………………...……..…..21-29

Chapter 5: Conclusions and Future research……..………………...….....……30-32

Refrences…………………………………………………………………………………..33

Appendix……………………………………………………………………...………..34-36

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List of tables
Table 1. Findings of the market Survey of Chor Bazaar…………………………….21
Table 2. Comparison of Case studies…………………………………………………28

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List of Figures
Figure 1: The Transformation of the street during the course of the day…………..4
Figure 2: Different spatial organisations in a market space………………………….6
Figure 3: Analytical Framework…………………………………………………………10
Figure 4: Map of Chor bazar area Near Jama Masjid……………………………….11
Figure 5: A scene of Chor bazaar……………………………………………………...13
Figure 6: Maze of narrow aisles………………………………………………………..14
Figure 7: Nihal Vihar Locality, Delhi……………………………………………………16
Figure 8: Weekly market area, Nihal Vihar………………………………………...….17
Figure 9: Traffic congestion in Weekly market area , Nihal Vihar………………..…18
Figure 10: Market Setup on Local street, Nihal Vihar………………………………...18
Figure 11: The comparison of streets on a market day and a non market day……19
Figure 12: Autorickshaw parked in an empty plot…………………………………….19
Figure 13: Life cycle of a product in a Hafta Bazaar like Chor bazaar……………...22
Figure 14-23: Survey Figures……………………………………………………..…22-27

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
BACKROUND
In this rapidly changing world that is growing at a very uncontrollable rate, evolving
urban environments have brought forth a number of challenges and opportunities for
urban planners, architects, and policymakers. One of the key challenges lies in the
effective utilization of urban spaces to accommodate the ever-changing demands of
communities, economies, and cultures. As cities continue to grow and transform, the
concept of temporary spaces is gaining popularity rapidly and has emerged as a potent
tool in shaping urban landscapes, catalysing regeneration, and activating underutilized
areas. This study is going to cover one such aspect of temporary spaces- weekly
markets.
In the bustling tapestry of urban life, weekly markets also known as ‘hafta bazaars’
have long held a unique and timeless place, uniting communities and creating vibrant
social and economic hubs. A weekly market earns its name due to its regular
occurrence on a designated day of the week. These temporary markets, known for
their dynamic and ever-changing nature, represent a crucial aspect of urban culture
that has endured across centuries. These weekly markets play a very important role
in day to day lives of people. In India almost every city and town have weekly markets.
These weekly markets act as a hub for the exchange of perspectives and information,
facilitating participation in a range of social, cultural, and economic activities. These
weekly markets also play a very important role for urban fabric of a city in ways such
as preservation of cultural heritage, economic aspect, reviving the historical
neighbourhoods etc. These markets are mobile and shift locations on each day of the
week, catering to a diverse spectrum of consumers. They are resilient, efficient and
over time, they have evolved and developed a structure with a set of rules and
characteristics [Damini Datta et al. (2011), ‘The Hafta Bazaars of Delhi’].
As the population is growing rapidly and there are limited spaces in the city it is
important to study temporality of weekly markets as they are part of the daily life of
people of Delhi and to improve the quality of experience of these weekly markets and
existing infrastructure. In order to do that this dissertation will explore the multifaceted
significance of the temporality of weekly markets, highlighting their potential to enrich
city life and serve as a catalyst for economic growth. Through an in-depth analysis of
case studies, literature reviews, surveys, the study will unravel the intricate relationship
between weekly markets and the urban spaces they temporarily occupy. The findings
of the research will offer valuable insights into how one can better harness the
temporal nature of weekly markets to invigorate streets, encourage economic
development, and ensure the continued vitality of urban communities.

Research question
Q1. What role temporality of weekly markets play in the urban environment of city of
Delhi?

1
Scope and Limitations
The scope of studying the temporality of weekly markets in shaping the urban
environment is broad and encompasses various dimensions. This includes
investigating the economic impact on local businesses and employment,
understanding the social dynamics and community interactions facilitated by these
markets, and exploring the spatial implications on land use and urban vibrancy.
However, there are certain limitations to this study. Generalization may be challenging
due to the diversity of urban environments globally, and findings may not universally
apply to all contexts. The transient nature of weekly markets may pose challenges in
obtaining consistent data over time. Additionally, the study may not capture the
nuanced social and cultural aspects in detail, and potential biases in the interpretation
of data or responses from participants should be considered. Despite these limitations,
an exploration of the temporality of weekly markets provides valuable insights into the
dynamic interplay between economic, social, and spatial elements within urban
landscapes.

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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
The permanence has been the key value of architecture since the Vitruvian times. But
still it has been seen that the temporary architecture has thrived through the history of
time and it has existed from the earliest of times that played a crucial role in human
survival. For e.g.: The tents which are still in active use today take different designs
depending on the geographic features, environmental conditions and cultural
traditions of the people who inhabit them, still the essential features of it are always
the same – it’s portable, flexible and lightweight [Kronenburg R. (2013), Architecture
in motion: the history and development of portable building, New York, NY: Routledge].
This temporary nature of tents allows one to carry it anywhere and then set up
whenever in need of shelter. The temporality of any structure also promotes
sustainability and reusability of spaces as especially when they are intended to be
disassembled and reused for future purpose. In fact, all man- made structures are
temporary in nature but some of them are considered permanent because they last
for a longer duration of time i.e. outlive typical lifespan of a human being. From
prehistoric times we have seen temporary structures being used for emergent
situations, wartime, pop-up, and exhibition spaces.
The concept of temporary use of spaces has gained momentum in the 21st century
due to factors like rapid urbanisation, economic fluctuations, and a desire for
sustainable urban development. Modernity introduced the idea of creative destruction,
where the old is replaced by the new in a continuous cycle of obsolescence. The
weekly markets or hafta bazaars in Delhi in fact all over India, function on this core
idea of temporality- they set up on a particular day of a week in a particular area,
occupy the area for some part of the day and cater to a diverse spectrum of
consumers, after which they completely vanish from that area for the other days of the
week. These weekly markets, known for their dynamic and ever-changing nature,
represent a crucial aspect of urban culture that has endured across centuries. These
weekly bazaars form an integral part of the urban fabric. These informal markets held
once a week at a particular place, within varying time slots, and cater to a diverse
spectrum of consumers [Abhishek Kumar Sharma et al. (2020), Mapping Delhi’s
Weekly Markets: An Explorative Study of Hafta Bazaars, Urbanisation, 5(1), 9-16].
While the city evolves and experiences transformation, these markets persist and
thrive, displaying their own unique patterns and networks, creating small pockets of
activity within the broader urban context, somewhat detached. Additionally, these
markets draw in a significant portion of consistent customers from various socio-
economic groups. The weekly markets or 'hafta bazaars' have always been an
important part of Delhi’s cultural and traditional milieu [Abhishek Kumar Sharma et al.
(2020), Mapping Delhi’s Weekly Markets: An Explorative Study of Hafta Bazaars,
Urbanisation, 5(1), 9-16]. These markets began on the outskirts of communities and
gradually moved to regions around temples, mosques, and other places of worship. In
the city of Delhi, they are set up near historical monuments, religious centres and
offices where people gather in large numbers, thus giving them the shape of cultural
melting pots with serious tourism potential [Ashish Kumar Yadav, Dr. Asani Bhaduri
(2021), ‘Delhi's Hafta Bazaars: Markets That Survived the Rise and Fall of Empires’].
The best example for this is Chor bazaar of Delhi, which is set up near Red Fort every

3
Sunday morning, drawing in throngs of eager customers. Thus, it can be said that they
play an important role in revitalising spaces and adding another layer of culture and
heritage to the city’s fabric. They transform streets and squares into vibrant centres of
commerce and culture for a brief period, before disappearing until next week. This
unique, time-limited aspect is a testament to the adaptability and resilience of these
markets, making them an essential part of city life.
The growth of urban populations, particularly in emerging economies, has placed
immense pressure on cities to provide for their inhabitants. Traditional weekly markets,
with their flexible temporality, offer a potential solution to the challenge of better space
utilization and efficient allocation of resources. The dynamic nature of these markets
can transform dormant streets and public spaces into vibrant, bustling centres of
economic activity and social interaction. The revival of these spaces has the potential
to enhance the quality of life for city residents while also contributing to local
economies. Moreover, as cities grow rapidly and space becomes increasingly scarce,
the efficient use of temporary markets can help alleviate the strain on permanent
infrastructure and facilities. The essence behind weekly bazaars lies in offering
farmers and manufacturers a direct conduit to consumers, allowing them to showcase
and sell their products at equitable prices. This traditional retailing approach unfolds
uniquely as, on a specific weekday, traders artfully arrange their commodities in a
makeshift spectacle, bypassing the intermediaries and wholesalers. While many of
these markets are authorised by the state municipal authorities against payment of a
fixed amount, others continue to operate without any proper approval or record
[Chowdhary, S. (2017, October), The weekly markets of Delhi: Operating in the formal
space and informal economy, E-journal of the Indian Sociological Society, 1(2), 3-31].

Fig.1: The Transformation of the street during the course of the day
( Source: https://www.scribd.com/document/193318965/Hafta-Bazaar-Proposal)

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Weekly markets form an informal market segment and ‘facilitate the informal and
formal economy not merely in terms of traditional concerns of labour and consumption,
but also with regard to cultural and spatial contingencies’ [Evers C., & Seale K. (Eds.)
(2018). Informal urban street markets: International perspectives. Routledge]. While
these marketplaces persist in their core operations, vendors encounter challenges
reminiscent of the hardships faced by informal sector workers in the urban lower and
middle class, contributing to the support of the expanding economy's population.
Typically situated on sidewalks, these markets offer a spectrum of commodities,
spanning from everyday items to vegetables, clothing, toys, and compact electronic
devices. The prices of these goods are generally more affordable compared to those
found in established retail outlets or shopping malls.
Weekly markets represent a unique category of temporary spaces within urban
environments. These markets, often held in public squares or streets, have a profound
spatial impact. As shown in Fig.1 they transform underutilized urban areas into bustling
centres of commerce and social interaction, dynamically changing the urban
landscape for a limited time each week. It's amazing to see the way how the street
vendors organize their sell in minimum space along the street, footpaths, public
squares, etc. They encroach on built spaces sometimes even privatized in nature
(footpaths, otlas, steps, compound walls railing of the traffic islands, bridges, area
under the skywalks or flyovers, etc.) to display their sale [Niketa Katake (2021),
Temporality and market spaces: A neutral ground for sociability]. The malleable nature
of these markets enables a flexible distribution of space, emerging as a pivotal
instrument for optimizing spatial use in burgeoning urban landscapes. Within the public
domain, streets and sidewalks emerge as linchpins, shaping an animated public realm.
'The sidewalk of the city is the city to most of the people’ [Niketa Katake (2021),
Temporality and market spaces: A neutral ground for sociability]. Streets transcend
mere conduits for transportation; they serve as crucial contributors to the socio-cultural
and economic tapestry of urban life. The allure of weekly markets lies in their ingenious
concept. Vendors inhabit and enliven spaces temporarily, fostering a symbiotic
relationship with the city. The ephemerality inherent in these markets injects vitality
into public spaces. Street vendors, with a touch of strategic finesse, curate their
product displays. They strategically select locations—nodes, streets, squares—to
captivate the public's attention. This tactical choreography not only ensures
convenient access for customers but also allocates residual space for lucrative parking
ventures, simultaneously facilitating both commerce and service for patrons. The fig.2
below shows what are the different kind of spatial organisations in a market space.
The first image shows the linear organisation of the shops with a pathway between the
roads. The second image is a radial organisation, in which there is a centre focus from
which a number of linear organisations extend in a radial manner. The third images
shows axial organisation that connect the nodes that are figural space in a well defined
axis. The fourth and last image represent central organisation of shops, it composes
of dominant central space with secondary spaces grouped around it. This arrangement
is more stable and concentrated. The "temporariness" of these market spaces plays a
crucial role in their adaptability, as organizers can design and reconfigure the spatial
organization to suit the unique requirements of different events, seasons, or market

5
themes. This flexibility is a key advantage of temporary markets and allows for efficient
use of space in ever-changing urban environments.

Fig 2 Different spatial organisations in a market space

(Source: https://in.pinterest.com/pin/914862417990346/)

Hafta bazaars play a significant role in economic impact of the city. These markets
provide a platform for local entrepreneurs, artisans, street vendors and small
businesses to showcase their products and earn a living. Studies have shown that
they can stimulate economic growth by generating income for vendors and attracting
customers, which, in turn, boosts local economies. The temporary spaces like stalls,
thelas, mat on floor are easy to set up and do not cost much, which allows people from
lower income groups to middle income groups to earn a living from these weekly
markets. For many individuals and families, Hafta Bazaars are a primary source of
income. Vendors and sellers rely on these markets to generate revenue, and the
income earned often contributes to their livelihoods. This income, in turn, supports the
economic well-being of vendors and their families. Beyond the vendors, Hafta Bazaars
create job opportunities in various related sectors. These markets require labour for
setting up and managing stalls, transportation, and other support services, which can
lead to job creation in the local area. These markets encourage consumers to buy
locally, which supports the local economy and reduces the carbon footprint associated
with transporting goods over long distances. This increased local consumption

6
benefits not only the vendors but also the entire community. In some cases, Hafta
Bazaars can become tourist attractions, drawing visitors and generating additional
revenue for the local economy. Tourists often spend money on local food, handicrafts,
and other products available at these markets, contributing to the region's economic
growth. The temporary nature of Hafta Bazaars allows them to adapt to changing
consumer demands and seasons. Vendors can adjust their offerings based on local
preferences and the availability of seasonal products, making these markets
responsive to economic trends.
These weekly markets foster a sense of community and social cohesion. The
ephemeral nature of these markets draws residents and visitors alike, creating a sense
of anticipation and excitement. Social bonds are forged as people come together to
explore the diverse array of goods and interact with one another. This strengthens the
social fabric of neighbourhoods and encourages community engagement. Weekly
markets often showcase local culture and traditions through the products they offer. It
has been rightly said that these “Markets are remnant of the past lodged in the heart
of modern cities” [Niketa Katake (2021), Temporality and market spaces: A neutral
ground for sociability]. These markets are venues where cultural exchange occurs,
allowing residents and tourists to engage with local customs and. This cultural
exchange contributes to the preservation and celebration of cultural diversity within
urban areas. Even after being introduced to the mall culture these weekly markets are
closely juxtaposed in the heart of people as they are an important part of the Indian
culture. These markets are characterised by cheaper products, family-run shops and
high competition. They offer one-stop shopping, greater choice and convenience for
customers. This has significantly increased people’s access to goods that were earlier
only available in big market centres [Abhishek Kumar Sharma et al. (2020), ‘Mapping
Delhi’s Weekly Markets: An Explorative Study of Hafta Bazaars, Urbanisation’, 5(1),
9-16]. Buyers and sellers converge in these markets periodically to acquire and/or
dispose locally produced and acquired goods and services, exchange information with
friends, relatives and strangers, as well as engage in recreational activities [Tamaskar
B. G. (1986), ‘Fundamentals of periodic market places and networks’, Inter India
Publications]. These markets are often the meeting grounds for families, friends,
neighbours etc. These markets cater to every segment of society, offering products at
affordable rates to ensure accessibility for the lower-income population. In doing so,
they establish themselves as a communal space fostering sociability and promoting
inclusivity. These markets revitalize the empty streets and creates a feeling of joy and
cheerfulness among people, also it being temporary in nature reduce the factor of
congestion, traffic etc. The temporality of these markets aligns with seasonal variations
in products, allowing vendors to adapt their offerings to the changing availability of
goods. This seasonal aspect is essential for the sustainability of many small
businesses. Weekly markets are known for their diversity, not only in terms of products
but also in the composition of vendors and customers. These markets often host a
wide range of vendors creating a rich tapestry of offerings that cater to diverse tastes
and preferences. The Hafta bazaars offers a wide range of such as clothes, gadgets,
spices, toys, bags, specific festival related products, books, utensils etc at an
affordable price with decent quality. These markets also serve as go-to places for
individuals seeking fresh produce like vegetables and fruits, as well as niche

7
household items such as grinder stones, which are rarely found in conventional stores
or malls. This diversity fosters inclusivity and represents the dynamic nature of urban
life. The temporary weekly markets have a strong social, cultural and economic
character. The primary reason for their high uptake can be owed to the multiplicity of
products available and the versatility in the temporary use of space to sell those very
products. The Hafta Bazaar embodies a fusion of diverse life elements, offering
garments, utensils, food, and books within a few hundred meters. These markets not
only provide space for interpersonal communication but also infuse cultural richness
through vendors' skillfully crafted pitches and clever slogans. This stands in sharp
contrast to the mall culture, characterized by minimal human interaction within
mechanized structures. In Hafta Bazaars, customers and traders often share a
personal rapport, influencing buying prices based on their interpersonal relationships.
Participants in these marketplaces engage in discussions about politics and society,
contributing to the organic dissemination of awareness about the immediate
environment and beyond. The cultural performances, including tightrope walking,
cockfights, and other forms of entertainment, held in these spaces, serve as a unifying
force, bringing together people from diverse backgrounds. The easy assembling and
disassembling of these spaces owing to their temporariness contributes to the
increased mobility of the vendors, thus providing them with the freedom to relocate
based on their convenience.

8
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH DESIGN
The research methodology adopted for the study involved both qualitative and
quantitative approaches. The mixed-method approach was chosen to
comprehensively capture the multifaceted nature of the topic, encompassing both the
qualitative and quantitative insights into economic, social and cultural aspects.
To give a direction to the study the Research question was formulated which was
further refined by holding multiple discussions with the guide and studying literature
related to the topic. Also comprehensive review of existing and contextually
appropriate literature was conducted and the key concepts, theories and philosophies
informing the research were identified providing insights into the theoretical
underpinnings of temporary nature of weekly markets and its significance in urban
environment. The process of reviewing literature related to topic and framing the
research question was a back and forth process.
The primary and secondary case studies were then conducted to further gain a deeper
perspective and know impact of the weekly markets. The criteria for section of case
studies was that the weekly market under consideration should at least have a history
of 25 years old, allowing for a comprehensive examination of their temporal evolution,
cultural significance, and enduring impact on the urban landscape, also the focus was
laid on the fact that selected weekly markets for case studies were held on different
days of week and different times like morning and evening to do a comparative
analysis if the difference in days and time had any particular impact on market
structure and behaviour. So, the Chor Bazaar emerged as the prime canvas for the
study, its selection rooted in the kaleidoscope of unique cultural and historical hues
that paint its vibrant tapestry. Like an undiscovered chapter in a city's narrative, Chor
Bazaar beckoned with tales echoing through time, making it an inevitable and
compelling choice for our exploration. Also, secondary case study of Nihal Vihar
weekly market was done to better understand the weekly markets of Delhi and it’s
temporality. The data collection of secondary case study was done from articles,
internet etc. Further data was collected through both quantitative and qualitative
methods to address the subjective as well as the objective aspect of the study. Surveys
and interviews conducted to gather an insight into the people’s perception on the role
of temporality in weekly markets. The Data collected was then organized, collated and
analysed critically to observe meaningful patterns, relationships, and deviations. The
data analysis was done with the help of pie charts, bar graphs, statistical data etc.
The Data collection methods encompassing both primary and secondary sources,
amalgamating quantitative and qualitative techniques for a holistic understanding are:
Surveys: Primary data collection methods is the administration of surveys. These
surveys will be conducted with both market visitors and vendors to get understand the
topic more deeply.
Observation: With surveys, there will be conduct of direct observations at various
weekly markets. This will allow to document vendor behaviours, product availability,
and consumer footfall in a systematic manner.

9
Secondary Data: In addition to primary data collection, we will review and analyse
secondary data sources. This will include a comprehensive review of existing
literature, market records, and historical data pertaining to weekly markets in our study
area.
To understand the market dynamics and addressing the research question the
analytical framework was formulated. The analysis of collected data has been done
on the parameters set by the analytical framework which is given below.

Fig.3 Analytical Framework

(Source: Author)
The Fig. 3 serves as a visual representation of the analytical framework guiding our
investigation into the intricate dimensions of temporality within the urban landscape.
Our primary objective is to gain a comprehensive understanding of how temporality
shapes the economic, social, and spatial facets of markets. These dimensions,
characterized by their transient nature, will be scrutinized to unearth valuable insights.
In examining the economic aspect, our research will delve into the weekly markets,
probing into the contributions they make to the local economy. Specifically, we aim to
dissect the economic benefits they bring and explore the role of temporality in creating
economic opportunities for lower to middle-income groups. By assessing the average
income of vendors, examining their raw material sourcing strategies, and
understanding how product prices influence customer behaviour, we seek to unravel
the economic dynamics at play. Spatial aspect of our study will encompass an analysis
of how these markets optimize the limited urban space available. Given their
temporary nature, we will explore how these markets transform the streets they occupy
for a day and the resultant impact on the overall urban fabric. In addressing the social
aspect, our investigation will focus on the influence of these markets on community
engagement. We will assess whether the temporality of these markets plays a role in
shaping community interactions and dynamics. This multifaceted approach aims to
provide a nuanced understanding of the interconnections between temporality and the
economic, spatial, and social dimensions of urban markets.

10
The data collected comprises both qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative
data collected through studying appropriate literature, observing markets patterns is
studied by doing thematic analysis. This involves identifying themes or patterns in the
responses. For quantitative data visual charts like bar charts, pie charts, or histograms
were formed representing the distribution of responses and then further analysed
according to our parameters of the study. The integration of both qualitative analysis
and quantitative analysis was done to look for patterns or correlations between them.

CASE STUDIES
1.Chor Bazaar, near Jama Masjid Delhi

Fig 4. Map of Chor bazar area Near Jama Masjid

(Source: Google maps, Edited by: Author)

One of the most endearing features of Delhi is the concept of weekly bazaars. Here
the products are sold at prices well below what's found in the huge shopping malls
dotting the city [https://so.city/delhi/article/weekly-bazaar-of-delhi, (2023)]. These
Delhi’s temporary markets are an integral part of Delhi's rich heritage and culture. For
this research, the case of Ravi bazaar famously known as Chor bazaar is taken. The
Fig.4 shows the locality that Chor bazaar occupies on every Sunday morning.

11
Chor Bazaar, near Jama masjid is probably the oldest market of Delhi dating back to
around 150 years. The market starts early in the morning, from 4.00 am and continues
till 7.00 pm. The market sells everything from shoes to electronic goods to clothing and
hardware. Chor Bazaar sells varied items which could even be damaged or second-
hand or some presumably stolen. The early morning rush of customers every Sunday
reveals the secret of the continuity of this otherwise questionable weekly market
[Abhishek K. Sharma et.al (2017),’Roaming Through Hafta Bazaar: A Walk Route for
Old Delhi’s Sunday markets’, Journal of innovation for inclusive development, vol. 2,
no.2]. Its existence preserves a cultural and historical aspect of the city, attracting both
tourists and locals interested in exploring the city's past.
Temporary spaces of Chor Bazaar provide opportunities for numerous vendors and
shopkeepers to earn a living. Many individuals depend on the market for their
livelihood, including sellers of antiques, vintage items, and second-hand goods. It is
estimated that over 10,000 makeshift wooden planks or pattris are laid out from Jama
Masjid to Darya Ganj [https://so.city/delhi/article/weekly-bazaar-of-delhi, (2023)].
The These temporary stalls, thelas are affordable for traders and easy to set up. The
market being set up only for one day of the week contributes positively to the urban
landscape as there is less traffic on roads on other days of the week making it
convenient for the residents and local people. In Chor bazaar one can find goods at
much cheaper rate than any regular shop with a standard quality. These temporary
shops sell goods such as shoes at low prices as vendors buy factory rejected products
having minor defects and repair them at home and then sell at a nominal price. It is
only due to the temporary nature of these markets that these goods can be sold at
such cheap prices as there is no problem of brand copyrights, legal issues, low/no
licensing fee, overhead costing, no advertising cost, unique supply sources etc. The
market promotes recycling and sustainability by giving a second life to pre-owned
items. It encourages the reuse and repurposing of goods, aligning with environmental
sustainability goals. These temporary spaces have no maintenance costs and no
electricity bills.

12
 Fig.5 A scene of Chor bazaar
(Source: Author)
Chor Bazaar attracts a diverse crowd, fostering social and cultural exchange. The
weekly appearance of Chor Bazaar creates a sense of anticipation and excitement
among residents and visitors alike. It becomes a community gathering event where
people come together to explore, socialise, and interact. This communal experience
fosters a sense of belonging and unity among participants. The temporary and ever-
changing nature of Chor Bazaar lends an ephemeral quality to the market. It
encourages people to visit repeatedly, knowing that each visit may offer a different
experience depending on the upcoming festival and seasons. This sense of
impermanence adds to the market's allure. The temporary stalls of Chor bazaar offer

13
an opportunity to experiment with different goods and locations in the market to have
more customer footfall to their stall. The temporary nature of Chor Bazaar provides an
opportunity for local artisans and craftsmen to showcase their skills without the long-
term commitment and expenses associated with permanent storefronts. This platform
can boost their confidence and encourage them to pursue their crafts. Chor Bazaar
often attracts international tourists. The temporality of the market allows for dynamic
cultural exchange as tourists and locals interact, share stories, and appreciate the
cultural diversity represented in the market's offerings. The fig.5 highlights the market
scene of Chor bazaar, bustling with people involved in various activities such as
walking, talking, and shopping. The prevalent colours in the image are blue, red, and
yellow, with hints of green, all contribute to the dynamic and energetic atmosphere.
The figure tries to highlight the temporal setting of the market suggesting a sense of
movement and activity, creating an atmosphere of excitement and enjoyment in this
traditional market setting. Bargaining and negotiation are common practices, adding
to the market's vibrant atmosphere. Many people visit the just to enjoy their time and
explore the market. Also, there's the Red fort and Jama Masjid nearby which one can
visit after strolling through the market. The cyclical rhythm of Chor Bazaar's
appearance and disappearance allows for the preservation of a distinct identity and
nostalgia, drawing individuals from diverse backgrounds who share an interest in its
eclectic array of goods. This sense of temporality contributes to the market's charm
and underscores its role as a cultural and social hub within the bustling city of Delhi,
enriching the tapestry of urban life with its ephemeral yet enduring presence. The
concept of temporal market is very interserting. The vendors use the space for some
period of time and then they give it back to the city for the different activities. The
vibrancy of temporality in the public spaces creates an active public realm [Niketa
Katake (2021), ‘Temporality and market spaces: A neutral ground for sociability’].

Fig.6 Maze of narrow aisles – “ A vivid and bustling market sparsed with vibrant colours of
fresh produce, marking the convergence of culture”. An illustration depicting streets in chor
bazaar
(Source: Author)

14
One can see a wide variety of stalls selling various products in the same space. The
spatial arrangements of these stalls made with bamboo, steel pipes for support and
having plastic covers as shading devices and street vendors having mobile carts or
sitting on street floor covered with plastic sheets in Chor bazaar as seen in fig.6 is
such that the consumers can easily spot what they want to buy, consumers from all
classes can comfortably approach any stall, ask the price, bargain and decide if they
want to buy the product or not. The temporary spaces of the Chor bazaar allows the
health benefits by proving to fresh food every week unlike stored refrigerated food of
regular stores. The easy assembling and disassembling of the temporary spaces
contributes to the increased mobility of the vendors, thus providing them with the
freedom to relocate to places which have more footfall during other days of the weeks.
The coexistence of temporary spaces of Chor bazaar along with the permanent regular
shops gives rise to varying uses and complex relationships. A balance between the
both imparts a certain character to the space it occupies. The weekly format of the
market balances out this symbiotic relationship, providing permanent retailers with
enough opportunities to sell their wares during the remainder of the week. The
temporary nature of Chor bazaar also helped it to survive through global problems like
pandemic. It was due to temporary nature that the market didn’t take much time to
become active again.
Chor bazaar is undoubtedly an integral part of the city and despite having so many
advantages there were some problems that were identified. As the market is still an
informal market the vendors regularly face problems from the police and MCD officials.
They may need to pack up and run when there is police checking otherwise their
products will be confiscated and they need to pay compensation to get their belongings
back. Also during Independence day and Republic day the market is not allowed to be
set up due to security reasons which brings financial problems to some vendors whose
livelihood solely depends on the market. On Sundays there is traffic congestion on
roads near the market creating problems for customers and there is a lot of crowd
leading to suffocation and crimes like pickpocketing. These temporary stalls are
difficult to set up as it is difficult to transport them every week from one place to another
and it takes upto 1 to 2 hours of time for them to set up. These problems increase
during adverse weather conditions. The harsh weather conditions result in low footfall
of customers leading to low earnings. There is no provision for saving the goods from
rain.

15
2. Weekly market of Nihal Vihar, Delhi

Fig.7 Nihal Vihar Locality, Delhi

(Source: Google maps)
In Nihal Vihar the weekly market is has been around from last 25 to 30 years till now and it’s
a mix weekly market which has many local and good quality products for consumers. This
weekly market is held on Friday from around 4pm to 10pm. The majority sellers have been
around the place for many years now, so they have experience in vending their goods within
the area, knowing every route and street in this locality intimately. The fig.7 shows the Nihal
Vihar Loclaity, which is in West Delhi. Bahadurgarh, Gurgaon are the nearby Cities to West
Delhi.

16
 Fig.8 Weekly market area, Nihal Vihar
(Source: Author)

The Fig.8 shows the weekly market area attached with Nihal Vihar park and the market
area is represented by red colour, orange colour represents the local permanent shops
of that particular locality and yellow dot show the junction point of that locality. The
market starts installing around 3.30 pm and work around 10 to 10.30 pm.

17
 Fig.9 Traffic congestion in Weekly market area , Nihal Vihar
(Source- Author)

Fig.9 shows the moment issues (blue line) of both vehicle as well as public in peak
time of marketing because of local weekly market and local permanent market or
shops it create too much rush in less space and because of this the access of public
get disturb and it start creating traffic problems.

Fig.10 Market Setup on Local street, Nihal Vihar

(Source: Author)

18
The Fig.10 above shows the setup of local weekly market on the local street. The
placement of stalls and shops appears disorganized due to space constraints, giving
rise to various challenges for both sellers and consumers. Issues such as excessive
noise and disruptions to traffic flow emerge as notable consequences of this spatial
inadequacy.

Fig.11 The comparison of streets on a market day and a non-market day

(Source: Arjun Saini (2022), Critical study – Settlement of unauthorized weekly market)

The weekly markets liven up the streets they occupy on market days. This can be seen
in the fig.11, how the street transforms completely on the market day in comparison to
a non market day. Although due to narrow streets there is lot of traffic congestion for
local people and vendors, and it is very difficult for even 2 wheelers to navigate through
the market. Also vendors setup up their shop in an improper way like some of them
setup on the road and some of them on pedestrian path. Also people may face the
issues of pick pocketing, woman safety etc. There are animal’s issues also like dog,
cats, cows etc as they roam around the stalls at the marketing time which disturbs
both the sellers and customers. The cows come to eat vegetable left overs and stand
between roads causing problems for people and vehicle passing by.

Fig.12 Autorickshaw parket in an empty plot

(Source: Arjun Saini (2022), Critical study – Settlement of unauthorized weekly market)

19
In Fig. 12, it is evident that an empty plot or land is utilized for parking spaces due to
the scarcity of dedicated parking areas for sellers. The issue of parking in the weekly
market zone presents a significant challenge, impeding the smooth passage of
vehicles. At the street junction, congestion becomes pronounced during the evening
hours of the weekly market, causing a bottleneck for both vehicles and the general
public. This problem is particularly exacerbated when multiple vehicles enter the
market simultaneously, leading to a standstill in market movement and, consequently,
affecting the flow of pedestrians.

20
CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
A survey was undertaken involving 10 individuals, comprising both buyers and sellers,
at Chor Bazaar in Jama Masjid, Delhi. The people interviewed were of different age
groups and genders. Based on interviews and observation, these are the things that
could be understood providing valuable insights about economic, social and spatial
impact, demographics, challenges, motivation for people to visit the market.

Table 1. Findings of the market Survey of Chor Bazaar

(Source: Author)

In pursuit of understanding the role of temporality in weekly markets, the interview with
Mr. Rohit provided great insights for the research. He has been setting up his stall with
his father for more than 10 years, whereas his father has been setting up his shop in
Chor bazaar for last 40 years earlier with his father and now with his son. He was a
seller of jeans. When asked about journey of a jeans from being obtained as a raw
material to getting sold in the Chor bazaar, he said “They got second hand jeans or
defected jeans from a ‘Mandi’ near their house in whole sale, then they fixed the
defects in the jeans and wash it multiple times to make it look new and fresh, attach
tags on the jeans, and then they sell it here on every Sunday morning in retail.” He
also told that the sale increase during festival seasons, and that this market is their
primary and major source of income, and that they want it to be legalised.

21
The valuable insight on the life cycle of a jeans from getting acquired from a mandi to
getting sold as low as at a price of Rs.250, giving a margin to the seller of
approximately Rs.100 is remarkable. Such unique dynamics are primarily found in the
realm of weekly markets, owing to their transient nature. Unlike permanent, branded
retail shops, these markets operate with minimal maintenance costs, making them
highly cost-effective. Additionally, the absence of legal complexities related to brand
copyrights, often associated with permanent stores, further sets these temporary
markets apart. This lifestyle of jeans is similar to many other products sold at Chor
Bazaar, like shoes, shirts, T-shirts etc. The fig.13 shows the general life cycle of a
product in a weekly market like chor bazaar, showing how good are obtained from
various sources before reaching us.

Fig.13 Life cycle of a product in a Hafta Bazaar like Chor bazaar

Source: Author
A general market survey was also conducted among 20 people to understand the
customer perception of the weekly markets. The survey unveils a tapestry of insights,
weaving together the intricate threads of understanding regarding the role of
temporary weekly markets in the urban landscape. The findings of the survey are:

Fig 14. (Source: Survey by Author)

The fig.14 shows that 85% of people have visited the weekly markets, suggesting that
the concept of weekly markets is not new to people and it is more or less part of their
daily life. It encourages us to know what aspects make them appealing? Is it the variety
of goods, the atmosphere, or the sense of community? Understanding the reasons
behind the popularity can provide valuable insights. The further data analysis shows
what are possible attraction for peope to visit there markets.

22
 Fig.15. (Source: Survey by Author)

The fig.15 shows the fact that the majority of people have visited weekly markets (hafta
bazaars) indicates their widespread appeal. The finding that 55% of respondents
weekly visit these markets suggests that they play a recurring and significant role in
the lives of many urban residents.

Fig.16. (Source: Survey by Author)

The fig.16 shows the preference for local area weekly markets among the majority of
respondents (70%) which highlights that the importance of these markets as local
economic and cultural hubs. They serve as crucial community and commercial
centers.

23
 Fig.17. (Source: Survey by Author)

The data in Fig.17 shows that 91.7% of people visit the market in groups of two or
more underscores the social and communal aspect of these markets. They provide
spaces for people to come together, socialize, and interact. The vibrant atmosphere of
bustling streets and the kaleidoscope of colourful stalls in these markets entices
customers to embark on spontaneous visits, even when they may not have a specific
purchase in mind. The allure of these markets often prompts individuals to opt for a
leisurely outing, and many prefer to accompany a friend or family member, enhancing
the experience of exploration and enjoyment.

Fig.18. (Source: Survey by Author)

The fig. 18 highlights the various attraction for the buyer in these markets. The
preference for weekly markets due to affordable prices aligns with the traditional
perception that these markets offer cost-effective options for a wide range of products.
They are seen as places where consumers can find value for their money. Also 45%
people also visit these markets for exploring new products in the market and enjoying
the market atmosphere. The accessibility of products in these markets stems from the
transitory nature that defines them. Primarily managed by individuals from the lower
to middle-income brackets, these markets source their products from larger markets

24
or factories at more economical rates. Any imperfections in the products are
meticulously addressed through home-based processing before being made available
for sale. This intricate process allows for the offering of products at affordable rates,
ensuring a modest profit margin.

Fig.19. (Source: Survey by Author)

The fig.19 shows that 75% people desire for good seating areas to relax and interact
signifies the importance of creating comfortable and communal spaces within the
market. It addresses the need for customers to take a break, engage in conversations,
and extend their visits. The 65% people thinks that proper parking areas should be
provided for the market area to avoid traffic congestion on roads by haphazard parking
of vehicle on the roads narrowing the alleys further for the moving traffic. This is an
very important point as providing the above mentioned spaces will encourage more
people to prefer these markets for shopping without disrupting the daily movement of
traffic on roads.

Fig.20. (Source: Survey by Author)

In fig.20 the majority of people feeling more comfortable interacting with sellers at
weekly markets compared to high-end branded stores suggests that these markets
foster a more approachable and personal shopping experience. This might be due to
the informal and community-oriented nature of these markets. The informal ambiance

25
of these markets is further accentuated by their temporal nature. This characteristic
ensures that shopping experiences remain unburdened, allowing individuals to
navigate through the stalls without feeling overwhelmed contrary to high-end branded
stores in malls or permanent markets where one might feel the embarrassment of not
buying products pertaining to reasons like high prices, not getting enough options, or
may be just getting pressurised by staff to buy things, instilling a fear of being looked
down by staff. The transient setup of weekly markets contributes to a more relaxed
and leisurely atmosphere, fostering a casual and enjoyable shopping environment.

Fig. 21. (Source: Survey by Author)

The fig.21 highlights issues related to the lack of sitting spaces and traffic congestion
due to the market are critical points to address for market organizers and urban
planners. These challenges can impact the overall experience and convenience of
visitors.

Fig.22. (Source: Survey by Author)

In fig.22 the data indicates that there is a mixed perspective on the roles of temporary
markets in the urban environment. While a significant portion of respondents sees their

26
role in contributing to the unique cultural fabric of the city, others emphasize the
economic opportunities they provide to vendors and shoppers.

Fig.23. (Source: Survey by Author)

In fig.23 the majority of people believing that temporary markets significantly enhance
the vibrancy of the city underscores their role in adding dynamism and energy to the
urban environment. The periodic setup and dismantling of these markets create a
sense of novelty, ensuring that the cityscape is not static but continually evolving. Also
the periodic occurrence of these markets can coincide with festivals, holidays, or
community gatherings, amplifying the sense of celebration and community
engagement in the city.
These findings collectively underscore the significant role that these markets play
within the cultural tapestry of India. The essence of temporality inherent in these
weekly markets is a key factor in their ability to attract substantial numbers of
consumers, facilitating livelihood opportunities for vendors across a spectrum of
income groups. It is in the temporality of these hafta bazaars that a multifaceted array
of benefits unfolds, enriching both the local communities and the broader urban
environment. The temporality, or the cyclical and transient nature, of these markets is
a pivotal aspect that sets them apart. It's the recurring rhythm of these marketplaces
that beckons a diverse populace, promising not only access to affordable goods but
also the chance for vendors from lower to middle-income strata to earn a sustainable
living. This unique economic landscape, forged within the temporal confines of these
markets, embodies the democratic ethos of opportunity and inclusivity. Moreover, the
temporality of hafta bazaars extends beyond mere commerce. It provides a
recreational opportunity for people, becoming a vibrant hub of social interaction and
cultural exchange. Visitors are offered a rich tapestry of options, from savouring local
flavours and exploring artisanal crafts to engaging in impromptu conversations and
forging connections with their fellow citizens. It's within these temporal boundaries that
communities come to life, celebrating the diversity and dynamism that characterize
India's rich cultural heritage. In essence, the temporality of these weekly markets is
the very heartbeat that infuses life into the cultural and economic fabric of India. It
reflects not just a mode of commerce but a way of life, offering a sense of belonging

27
and community while concurrently sustaining the dreams and aspirations of those who
seek their livelihood within these vibrant, ever-evolving spaces.
Comparison of case studies

Table 2 : Comparison of Case studies

( Source: Author)

Mobile Vendors

Floor Vendors

Immovable vendors

28
Inferences drawn from the comparative study of markets-
The comparison of case studies of Chor bazaar and Nihaal Vihar highlights various
aspects of the weekly markets. There are common problems that have been identified
from this study that needs to be catered to improve market conditions. Also there are
many benefits offered by these markets.
1. The Chor bazaar being a historical market attracts all types of buyers from nearby
localities to nearby cities and also foreign customers being near to Tourist sites. On
the other hand the Nihal Vihar is a local weekly market where people from nearby
locality come for shopping. This shows the historical context of market and location of
market play an important role in attracting diverse groups of buyers.

2. There are similar types of sellers in both the market. Suggesting the market structure
is more or less same.

3. The traffic congestion on day markets is one of the major issue of temporary weekly
markets.

4. The vendors occupy the movement area of pedestrians and vehicles which creates
hinderance in both vehicular and Pedestrian circulation.

5. The food stalls act as recreational spaces for people. There should be proper sitting
areas for people to relax and chat and eat. This will increase quality of space and
promote sense of belonging among people.

6. Both the markets offer a variety of products for buyers, catering to their daily needs.
These markets every week come on doorsteps of people to provide essential goods
which is a major advantage of these markets and only possible due to temporal nature
of these markets.

7. In both markets, vendors achieve a commendable income, typically ranging from

18k to 25k rupees per month. Beyond serving as vibrant commercial hubs, these
markets play a crucial role in generating employment opportunities across diverse
sectors within our nation. Given India's status as an agriculture-driven economy, these
markets offer avenues for a broad spectrum of individuals, encompassing farmers,
transportation drivers, local artisans, craftsmen, and more. They thus contribute
significantly to fostering economic inclusivity and livelihoods for various segments of
our society.

8. Both markets offers products at affordable rates.

9. The vehicular movement in market area cause noise and discomfort. So either the
vehicular movement should be restricted in market area or the market area should be
given proper space to function to avoid the traffic and noise problems.

10. The problem of theft and women safety are of major concerns. These should be
minimized with proper police and cctv supervision.

11. The proper parking area is requirement of weekly markets.

12. The public amenities are a must to improve quality of weekly markets.

29
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RESEARCH
The finding of my research has brought forth that amidst the tapestry of challenges
faced by weekly markets, it becomes evident that the very essence of these markets
lies in their temporality. Like a fleeting dance, they had gracefully waltzed into the lives
of communities, leaving behind footprints that echo through the weekly rhythm of
urban existence. It is in the transience of their stalls and the transient buzz of vendors
that these markets find their magic. The temporality of weekly markets, as explored
through an analysis of market surveys and insights gathered, unravels a multifaceted
tapestry that illuminates the pivotal role these temporary spaces play in the urban
environment. They have been serving as vital socio-economic engines, offering
economic opportunities to vendors and affordable goods to diverse segments of the
population and continues to do so. The survey data underscored the communal
dimension of these markets, where they act as hubs of social interaction, fostering
connections, and promoting cultural exchange. Visitors, in the majority, had preferred
the personalized and informal interactions with vendors in these markets, highlighting
the distinct charm they had been offering compared to high-end branded stores. Also
it had been observed that though may be not planned these markets are meeting
grounds of family and friends, as they go out for shopping. People may form good
relations with vendors when they regularly keep visiting these markets, like a
wholesaler and retailer relation who always buys his products in wholesale from a
particular seller of market. The temporal and recurring nature of these markets
ensures their continued relevance, serving multiple generations within a family and
attracting buyers seeking quality products, affordability, and a unique shopping
experience.
The temporality allows the markets to meet the needs of many more communities than
a permanent daily market could. By popping up on different days of the week in various
locales, the vendors can attract diverse customers across a much wider geography.
Locals find convenience in accessing these rotating markets near their homes, while
tourists and regional shoppers are drawn in by the reputation and offerings of historic
markets like Chor Bazaar. The flexible, ever-evolving nature of these temporary
spaces as they are not bound by fixed structures or layouts, aligns with the dynamic
urban environment, making them adaptive to the changing needs of the community.
Moreover, study reveals that the provision of seating areas and other amenities like
public toilets in these markets can further enhance the overall experience for visitors.
However, challenges such as traffic congestion and a lack of resting spaces require
thoughtful urban planning and infrastructure development to ensure that these markets
continue to thrive. Also it is necessary to understand that because the weekly markets
are temporary they are of more importance as these markets operate on one day of a
week, allowing streets to remain free and unobstructed on other days of the weeks.
This practice is very vital in densely populated urban centre Delhi, where available
spaces is at a premium. These markets also have lower environment footprint as they
don’t require extensive infrastructure and are cost effective as there is no need for
investment in construction and no/low maintenance charges for these markets to
operate also economically helps sellers. This flexible model also enables the markets
to endure over generations by adapting to changing times. The long-term participation

30
of vendor families preserves traditional wares and skills, while the impermanence
allows new products and services to arise as well. In this way, the markets can serve
as bridges between the old and the new - connecting heritage with modernity through
commerce.
Despite all the positive impacts of these markets there are some negative factors also
that poses difficulties related to governance, infrastructure, and planning of weekly
markets. These problems as shown by the study is due to temporary nature of weekly
markets. The issues of theft and safety of products, women and children is of biggest
concerns in these markets. Also the low sales during hot summers and rainy seasons
is inevitable problem. The surge in visitors during market days can lead to traffic
congestion in the surrounding areas. This can be a concern for urban planners and
residents and necessitates measures to manage traffic flow effectively. Many
temporary markets lack proper infrastructure and amenities such as sanitation
facilities, waste management, and adequate seating. This can affect the overall
experience and comfort of both vendors and visitors or individuals with mobility
challenges, suggesting the layout and accessibility of temporary markets is
problematic. Ensuring inclusivity and accessibility should be a priority.
While the informal and flexible model enables the economic and social vibrancy that
makes these markets so lively, it needs balanced management and smart urban
design to create a safe, orderly and comfortable environment. With some smart
interventions like demarcated vending zones, modular stalls, adequate lighting, mobile
toilets, waste management, designated parking and traffic rerouting, the
neighbourhoods could better accommodate the periodic influx. Enhanced police
supervision and community partnerships could also help prevent theft and harassment
issues. In my perspective, while it holds true that designing these market spaces
extensively might compromise their inherent temporality, I believe that implementing
small, thoughtful interventions can wield significant improvements in enhancing the
overall quality of weekly markets.
In conclusion, the temporality of weekly markets p not only enhances the vibrancy of
the urban environment but also embodies the inclusive and democratic spirit of urban
life in India. They are cultural microcosms, economic incubators, and social magnets
all within the transient confines of a temporary market. Thus, these markets are far
more than just places of commerce; they are the beating heart of the urban
environment, where community, culture, and commerce converge, offering an
enriching experience for both vendors and consumers. The role of temporary spaces
of weekly markets in an urban environment is, unequivocally, indispensable.
Economically, temporality of weekly markets contribute significantly to the local
economy by providing a platform for small and medium-sized businesses. Local
vendors and artisans rely on these markets as a primary source of income, socially it
serve as social hubs, fostering community interaction and a sense of belonging.
Residents often view these markets not just as places to shop but also as spaces for
socializing, sharing information, and building social networks and spatially the
temporal landscape of weekly markets plays role of injecting vibrancy into urban
spaces. Streets come alive with colors, sounds, and activities during market days,
enhancing the overall aesthetic appeal of the area and making it more attractive for

31
residents and visitors alike. So in my opinion the city administrations should recognize
the importance of these informal markets and collaborate with vendors to address the
challenges. Providing basic amenities and streamlining logistics would go a long way
in sustaining these markets and the many benefits they provide. And although it holds
true that designing these market spaces extensively might compromise their inherent
temporality, I believe that implementing small, thoughtful interventions can wield
significant improvements in enhancing the overall quality of weekly markets.
There is ample scope for future research on this topic. One promising direction is an
in-depth investigation into the urban planning aspects of these temporary spaces is
warranted. Researchers can explore the potential for enhancing the infrastructure,
accessibility, and traffic management around these markets, ensuring they integrate
seamlessly into the evolving urban environment. With some foresight, these fleeting
bazaars could continue serving as the beating hearts of neighbourhoods across the
metropolis.

32
REFERENCES
1. A.B. Chakreshwari, Analysis of rural weekly market: a case study of madhugiri taluk,
tumakuru District of karnataka state, International Journal of Research in Social Sciences
Vol. 9 Issue 5, May 2019
2. Abhishek K. Sharma et.al (2017) ‘Roaming Through Hafta Bazaar: A WalkRoute for Old
Delhi’s Sunday Markets’, Journal of innovation for inclusive development, vol. 2, no. 2.
3. Ashish Kumar Yadav, Dr. Asani Bhaduri (2021), ‘Delhi's Hafta Bazaars: Markets That
Survived the Rise and Fall of Empires’
4. Arjun Saini (2022), ‘Critical study – Settlement of unauthorized weekly market’.
5. Chowdhary, S. (2017, October). The weekly markets of Delhi: Operating in the formal space
and informal economy. E-journal of the Indian Sociological Society, 1(2), 3-31.
6. Hashmi S. (2007). The hafta bazaars of Delhi. https://kafila.online/2007/08/06/the-hafta-
bazaars-of-delhi.
7. https://worldarchitecture.org/architecture-projects/hncpp/above-the-arches-project-
pages.html
8. https://so.city/delhi/article/weekly-bazaar-of-delhi, (2023)
9. Kronenburg, R. (2013). Architecture in motion: the history and development of portable
building. New York, NY: Routledge,
10. Niketa Katake (2021), Temporality and market spaces: A neutral ground for sociability.
11. Prashant Narang (2022), Hafta bazaar walking through Delhi’s corridors of commerce
12. SPA Journal of Planning and Architecture Vol. 24, No. 1-2, 2020, ISSN 0970-0706 pp. 87-
104.
13. Tamaskar B. G. (1986). Fundamentals of periodic market places and networks. Inter India
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14. Yadav A. K., & Bhaduri A. (2019). Delhi’s hafta bazaars: Markets that survived the rise and
fall of empires. Sahapedia. https://www.sahapedia.org/delhis-hafta-bazaars-markets-
survived-rise-and-fall-empires

33
 Appendix

Survey Questionnaire for Chor Bazaar

Questionnaire- 1 (For Seller)
1. What is your name?
2. Which place of Delhi you come from?
3. From how much time are you doing the work in this market?
4. Do you set up your stalls somewhere else also in Delhi on other week days?
5. Do you come alone or with someone else?
6. What kind of products do you sell?
7. Where do you get the raw materials(if needed)?
8. What is your weekly and monthly profit?
9. When is the peak time for sale?
10. What are the procedures for someone new who wants to set up a shop in market?
11. What are the merits/demerits of the temporary nature of markets?
12. Do they want the market to be legalised?
13. How much hafta they need to pay to police or collector?
14. What are the safety concerns?

Questionnaire- 2 (For Buyer)

1. What is your name?
2. What place do you come from?
3. How often do you visit the market?
4. What items or products do you typically purchase at market?
5. Do you prefer weekly markets or permanent markets/malls for shopping?
6. Do you come alone to this market or you come here with your friends and families?

34
Questionnaire- 3 (General Survey for Customer perception of weekly markets)

1. What is your name?

2. Have you ever visited weekly markets? (Mark only one)

❑ Yes
❑ No

3. How frequently do you visit weekly markets? (Mark only one)

❑ Daily
❑ Weekly
❑ Monthly
❑ Every three months
❑ As required

4. Which place of shopping is preferred by you? (Mark only one)

❑Local area Weekly markets

❑Malls
❑Permanent markets/shops

5. How do you prefer going to markets? (Mark only one)

❑Alone
❑In groups of two or more (With friends or family)

6. If you prefer weekly markets for shopping, what is the reason behind it? (Check all that
apply)

❑Affordable prices of products

❑Availability of options
❑To explore and enjoy
❑Not prefer

7. What are the spaces you think should be included in weekly markets? (Check all that
apply)

❑A good area to sit and relax

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 ❑Parking
❑Open areas
❑Food stalls

8. Where do you have better interaction with seller? (Mark only one)

❑ Weekly markets
❑ A high-end branded store

9. What are the issues you face in weekly markets? (Check all that apply)

❑ Lack of parking
❑ Lack of sitting space to rest
❑ Traffic on roads due to the market

10. When you think of temporary weekly markets, which aspect do you consider most
important for their role in the urban environment? (Check all that apply)

❑Fostering a sense of community and social interaction

❑Providing economic opportunities for vendors and shoppers
❑Contributing to the unique cultural fabric of the city
❑Facilitating the reuse and recycling of goods
❑Other

11. How do you perceive the impact of temporary weekly markets on the urban landscape?
(Check all that apply)

❑They significantly enhance the vibrancy of the city.

❑They have a minimal effect on the overall urban environment.
❑They create temporary disruptions in the city's routine.
❑They provide essential goods and services not available elsewhere.

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