GATEWAY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

SONIPAT, HARYANA 131001

DISSERTATION REPORT 2022

ANALYSING RELATION BETWEEN OPEN SPACE AND BUILT

SPACE IN CONVENTION CENTER

SUBMITTED BY: GUIDED BY:

Nitya Chauhan Prof. Vinod Patil

Gcad/18/124 (18009006073)
 GATEWAY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND
DESIGN

DECLARATION

I, Nitya Chauhan Roll Number Gcad/18/124, Analyzing Relation Between Open

Space and Built Space in Convention Center submitted by me, in partial fulfilment of
the requirement of the curriculum of Bachelor of Architecture as per the university
norms, to Gateway College of Architecture and Design, is a record of my original work
with credits given for information collected from any other source.

(Nitya Chauhan)
 GATEWAY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND
DESIGN

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the dissertation titled Analyzing Relation Between Open Space
and Built Space in Convention Center, submitted in partial fulfilment of the
requirement of the curriculum of Bachelor of Architecture is the work of Nitya
Chauhan, Roll Number GCAD/18/124 who carried out research work under our
supervision in Gateway College of Architecture and Design, Sonipat, Haryana.
We recommend that the dissertation report be placed before the examiners for their
consideration.

(Signature of the Guide/ Coordinator)

 Acknowledgements

I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere appreciation for the people
without whose support this research study would not have been a success.

I earnestly owe my gratitude to Gateway College of Architecture and Design, Sonipat,

Haryana for providing me with this opportunity to conduct my project work in this field.
I further thank my guide and mentor - Prof. Vinod Patil., who helped me to achieve my
goals all along the way. His insight, experience and advice have been greatly beneficial
to me during this process.

I would like to express my utmost gratitude to the Dean Prof. Anil Kumar and
college principal, Prof. Radhika Nagpal, who gave me the golden opportunity to write a
dissertation. Lastly, I would also like to express gratitude to my family and friends, who
supported, questioned and discussed my ideas throughout the study, encouraged me and
helped me move further.
 Dedication

I dedicate my research to my parents whose constant support and sacrifice has pushed
me to do everything to the best of my capabilities. I am thankful to have parents who
have always been understanding and supportive of my choices and decisions and acted
as the best critiques in all spheres of my life. I also want to thank my friends who have
helped me throughout this research paper in a variety of the ways.
 Abstract
The research in this paper addresses the relation between open space and built
space in convention center. This study would clarify the relation between open
public space and built space as people live outdoors as well as inside the
building; therefore, the outdoor environment should be as pleasant and
comfortable as possible. The surrounding building masses largely impact the
characteristics of open spaces. Convention centers have functional spaces that
are void of natural light and therefore any genuine architectural connection to
the city they reside in. Convention centers are often located in urban centers and
these outdoor spaces provide visitors a more direct physical and visual
connection to the city. The quality of open and built space in convention center
has observable characteristics which can be related to human reactions and
feelings. The hypothesis is that the relationship between open space and built
space in convention through visual contact, functional relation and circulation
improves the quality and livability of space provided.
Some relatable case studies are done physically and virtually to clarify the
research topic.
 Table of Contents
Acknowledgement
Dedication
Abstract
................................................................................................................................
List of tables
List of figures
................................................................................................................................
CHAPTERS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
................................................................................................................................
1.1 Introduction and background
1.2 The Definitions and Meaning of the important parameters
1.3 Significance of the project/topic
1.4 The Central Claim/ Hypothesis
1.5 The Research Question(s)
1.6 The Aim and Objectives of the Research
1.7 The Scope and Limitations of the Research
1.8 Research methodology
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
................................................................................................................................
2.1 Purpose of the Literature Review
2.2 Categorization of Literature
2.2.1 Research papers
2.2.2 Books
2.2.3 Seminar
2.3 Collating the Literature Review learning: The final understanding
2.4 Conclusion

CHAPTER 3: METHODS & METHODOLOGY

................................................................................................................................
3.1. Method(s) opted for Data/ case Selection and its Justification
3.2. Method(s) opted for Data Collection and its Justification
3.3. Method(s) opted for Data Analysis and its Justification
3.4. Advantages and Limitations of the method(s) adopted
3.5. Conclusion
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.11 Introduction

This study attempts to understand the relationship between open public space and built
space in convention center. Open space is a space surrounding a building or the
interaction between building and public space. Whereas a building is said to be
structure with a roof and walls located in fixed place. The open spaces have the power
to either enhance or reduce the character of the building masses. An outdoor meeting
space can provide another unique outdoor experience that attracts convention attendees
and provides them with a welcome break from the indoor exhibition space. As
convention center space becomes more multi-use, these outdoor spaces also provide a
selling point for convention center executives looking to rent space for private parties or
corporate events, making them a viable alternative to other event spaces in a city.

Convention center are considered as tool for regenerating economic, social and
environmental decline or value through massive gathering of people.

1.12 Background

Convention centers are evolved from the open-air amphitheaters of the Greek Agoras
and Roman Forums, which were initially intended for large commercial fair. The first
convention centers can be traced back to mid-19th century Britain. Commonly known
as exhibition halls, the centers were designed to bring together people to discuss and
explore their mutual interest of a subject. These imposing Victorian buildings often
covered several acres and were multi-functional incorporating lecture halls, libraries,
galleries, theatres and exhibition areas

1.12.1 The Greek Agora:

It marked the beginning of the public area that was situated in the polis's center and
served as both the town's hub and a place for gathering for political meetings. Thus, it
was significant from a social, political, and economic standpoint. It served as a venue
for both formal and informal gatherings of the population. The Agora was originally
surrounded by private homes, but throughout time, arcaded, and covered pathways were
added, as

well as temples and sanctuaries. Later in the history of Greek culture, open-air theatres
and gymnasiums were also built.

1.12.2 The Roman Forum

During the Roman Empire, the duties of the Greek acropolis and agora were combined
in the "forum." It was an enclosed, partially-enclosed area that was open for trade,
political, religious, and athletic events, as well as casual gatherings. Similar to Agora,
the forum was a public area that was dominated by the population. The forums housed
basilicas, markets, shops, and temples, resulting in a mix of civic and religious fabric.
Along with the theatre and public baths, it also contained other important recreational
facilities.
1.12.3 The Renaissance Plaza

The Renaissance Plaza contained important buildings like the cathedral, the town hall,
etc. It was a place where people gathered and public celebrations took place. Also, plays
and stage proceedings were carried out in Plazas. The local social order where ethnic,
religious, and political identities were communicating in the renaissance plaza. It was
mostly planned in a symmetrical geometry. Further, this design feature evolved into
residential quarters, generally of the upper class, around the squares, making a way for
an innovative semi-public character.

1.12.4 Public Space in Modern Era

The modern era witnessed a drastic evolution since the renaissance Plazas. The priority
being the fast movement in the urban space guided the planning of the city and
developed a close relationship between open space and the surrounding build area. But,
there was also an increase in the new public spaces for leisure and public entertainment.
Also, during the 19th century, new consumption places emerged which were considered
important social as well as public spaces, like shopping arcade, shopping street, bazaar,
and department store. Generally, the shopping arcades had linear planning with multiple
floors, and the exclusively pedestrian spaces were weather protected with glazed roofs. 
1.12.5 Contemporary Public Spaces
Due to globalization, a lot of changes happened around the world resulting in a different
characteristic and definition of public space. Also, due to privatization and the pressure
of capital along with technological advancements have a greater impact on the form,
use, and control of the public spaces. Thus, a new form of public space emerged, like
convention center which we see today. They are fully enclosed as well as totally
pedestrian in a controlled environment with adequate parking facilities and multi-
functions. It helps in providing a secure gathering of people and leisure environment
separated from the rest of the busy world.

1.2 The Definitions and Meaning of the important parameters

 Open Space: It is the area around a building or the area where a building and a
public area interact.
 Built Space: It is a structure with permanent walls and a roof.
 Convention: A large meeting of member of profession, a political party, etc.
 Center: A place or an area where a lot of people live, a place where a lot of
business and cultural activity takes place.
 Convention Center: A convention center is a massive structure created to host a
conference, where people and organizations come together to promote and
discuss shared interests.

1.3 Significance of the project/topic

 This study would clarify the relation between open public space and built space
as people live outdoors as well as inside the building; therefore, the outdoor
environment should be as pleasant and comfortable as possible.

 To understand that the surrounding building masses largely impact the

characteristics of open spaces.

 The quality of open and built space in convention center has observable
characteristics which can be related to human reactions and feelings.

1.4 The Central Claim/ Hypothesis

The relationship between open space and built space in convention through
visual contact, functional relation and circulation improves the quality and
livability of space provided.

1.5 The Research Question(s)

There are some questions related to topic which needs to be find through
research.
 How relation of open public space and built space in convention center impacts
on visitors?
 How open and built space relation enhance the gathering of people.
 How convention center regenerates economic and environmental decline or
value through massive gathering of people?
1.6 The Aim and Objectives of the Research
Aim
Understanding the importance of relationship between open space and built
space in convention center and their social and economic factor.

Objective

 To analyze relation between open space and built space in convention center as
per norms/ byelaws.
 To understand the parameter quality of open and built space.
 To understand the role of building façade to connect open space and built space.
 To study their impact in public life and use it as form of analysis.
 To study building byelaws applied in convention center related to open space
and built space.
 To study how the relation between open space and built space in convention
center effects on economy.

1.7 The Scope and Limitations of the Research

Scope
Understanding that how built and open spaces works together to make a better
functioning convention center.

Limitation
This research is limited to the study of the relation between built and open
spaces in convention center. The byelaws used to study the open and built
relation is limited to Delhi where the convention center is to be built.

1.8 Research methodology

There are some methods through which can be reached to the aim are:
 By studying the previous research paper related to open space, built space,
convention center, their relationship and byelaws applied to it.
 Referring books like URDPFI Urban and Regional Development
Plans. Formulation and Implementation Guidelines and NBC (National Building
 Code), 2016 to study norms/ byelaws applied to study open and built space in
convention center.
 Surveying to get quantitative data by knowing the impact of open and built
relation in convention center on visitors.

 Studying case studies of the existing convention center to understand the

methods and planning used in analyzing the space.
 Visiting to the existing convention center for the visual study of the spaces.
 Studying research paper about the effect on economy through their relation.
 RELATION BETWEEN OPEN READING PREVIOUS
SPACE AND BUILT SPACE IN INTRODUCTION RESEARCH PAPER ON
CONVENTION CENTER OPEN AND BUILT SPACE
RELATION

NEED TO STUDY LITERATURE STUDY

THEIR RELATION (RESEARCH PAPER)

LITERATURE STUDY CONCLUSION

(RESEARCH PAPER)

IMPLEMENTING
CONCLUSION FOR
CONCLUSION STUDYING THEIR
RELATION IN
CONVENTION CENTER

(RESEARCH PAPER)

STUDY ABOUT DELHI BUILDING BYELAWS QUALTIY OF BUILT AND

EXISTING OPEN SPACE
CONVENTION CENTER (URDPFI, NBC)
(RESEARCH PAPER, BOOKS)
(CASE STUDIES,
SURVEY)

ECONOMICAL IMPACT

(RESEARCH PAPER)
 CONCLUSION

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Purpose of the Literature Review

This literature review provides an analytical evaluation of the sources (literature)
through gathering and surrounding the subject area, and then identifying a “gap” in the
literature that the research will attempt to address.
The literature review helps to understand the following:
 How relationship between open space and built space in convention through
visual contact, functional relation and circulation improves the quality and
livability of space provided?
 How building façade to connect open space and built space?
 The building byelaws applied in convention center related to open space and
built space.
 How the relation between open space and built space in convention center
effects on economy?

2.2 Categorization of Literature

The literature study is categorized into some research papers, books and
unpublished documents.

S. Literature Name of Author/ Publisher data Topic of

NO literature: Editor /URL discussion
category
accessed on[date]

Rim https://
1. Research Study of the www.researchgate.net/ -how positively
Meziani publication/
paper relationship 314250493_Study_of_the_
open space
between Relationship_between_Bui affects the
lding_Arrangement_and_V
building isibility_of_Open_Spaces_
psychology of
arrangement and Based_on_a_Simplified_A people
 rea_Evaluation -building
visibility of
arrangement
open spaces 7 December, 2016
will provide the
based on a
maximum
simplified area
visibility to the
evaluation
open space.
https://www.irjet.net/ -Different type
2. Research Co- Relation Naveen archives/V5/i8/IRJET-
V5I882.pdf of open spaces.
paper between open Kumar1,
and built space Dr. Alok 08 | Aug 2018
- size and scale
Sharma2
of open space
related to heat
gain.
https://
3. Research Importance of Ar. www.ijert -Factors
org/importance
paper Relationship Ashima of-relationship
defining
Between Built Saxena, between-built enclosed zones
forms-amidst
Forms Amidst Dr. open-spaces-in
in cities
Open Spaces in Ashutosh historical-areas designing it.
Historical Areas Sharma
02, February 2013 -Form,

Proportion,
Scale and
Landscaping
acts as an
important
component in
the visual
relation between
built and open
space.

URDPFI Urban https://mohua.gov.in

4. Guidelines Governm Building
and Regional January 2015
ent of
Development
 Plans
India byelaws used.
Formulation
and 2016
Implementation
Guidelines and
MBBL 2016
(Model building
bye-laws).

5. Book Urban spaces Dimitris 2007 Projects- most

Squares and kottas, recent trends in
Plazas Edition plaza and square
design promotes
quality of life.

6. Thesis A study in Alistair Oct 2019 -what makes the

report relation between Dias recreational
a building and a buildings lively
public space
-the importance
of open space in
recreational
building

7. Article Convention MICHAEL The need of the

Center Design: LOCKWO evolution of
OD
Evolving Spaces https://populous.com convention
for Evolving center
9 NOVEMBER,
Needs
2012

2.2.1 Research papers used

A. Study of the relationship between building arrangement and visibility of
open spaces based on a simplified area evaluation (Rim Meziani, (2016)

Brief:
This paper represents the two building arrangements around an ordinary open
space located in the South Spine of the Capital District in the Abu Dhabi 2030
Master Plan. It related to:
a) climatic comfort, in particular for providing more shadow in the outdoor area
and
b) assess the visibility of open space by
measuring the amount of visible area from each building surrounding the open
space in the second part of the research project, which is presented in this paper.
Results were compared and combined in order to come up with the best building
arrangement that simultaneously provides more shadow to the outdoor spaces
and visibility of open space.

Key takeaways:
i. Open spaces are a valuable place for the community to socialize, entertain,
interact, or engage in physical activity. Their aesthetic value knows no
bounds and has a positive impact on people's psychology, even when viewed
from a distance. Open spaces and their visibility also provide fresh air and
microclimates, as well as filter noise and the wind. The urban setting is
enhanced by open views. A body of water's area also grows to have more
advantageous psychological impacts.
ii. Two scenarios with varying building arrangements and heights are
performed in order to explore how the open space can be seen from the
façades of the nearby buildings. The open space's visibility study depicts the
angle of view that is restricted by the window's edges. The study found that
in addition to the environmental benefits, the L-shaped design increases open
space visibility and thus its economic value. The L-shape arrangement is
ideal for residential use because it adds additional outside spaces for
socializing, exercising, having fun, etc.
 Conclusion:
Open spaces are a valuable place for the community to
socialize, entertain, interact, or engage in physical activity. The open space's
visibility study depicts the angle of view that is restricted by the window's
edges. The study found that in addition to the environmental benefits, the L-
shaped design increases open space visibility and thus its economic value. The
L-shape arrangement is ideal for residential use because it adds additional
outside spaces for socializing, exercising, having fun, etc

B. Co- Relation between open and built space (Naveen Kumar1, Dr. Alok
Sharma2 1Researcher, Dept. of Planning & Architecture, MITS, Gwalior).
Brief:
This research paper tells about Land Acquisition act, under which open spaces
can create after acquiring some land, Open & Built Relation, Green Public areas,
Types of open & Built spaces, Global warming effect, Health Improve. The site
of Taraganj area of Gwalior area has been studied to analyze the data.

Key takeaways:
i. Types of open space-
a. Private open space: Include yards that are walled in or have fences to maintain
visual privacy.

b. Semi private open spaces- The semi-private space can be defined by hedges or
hard edges and have no structure on the edge of the lot or yard. It is possible to
see and observe the space beyond the edge.
c. Semi- public open spaces- They include the front yard as well as the land on the
public right-of-way where the sidewalks and the planting zone for street trees
are. From the street, one may see the semi-public view shed, as well as the area
created by the building facades.

d. Neighbourhood open space- Include small parks, neighbourhood parkways,

boulevard medians, and garden walkways that serve as visual connections
between the private areas and the neighbourhood parks and larger community
open spaces.

e. Community open space- Include large neighbourhood parks, open spaces,

parkways along broad roadways (the majority of which are fronted by homes),
 medians on broad boulevards, bicycle and pedestrian routes, greenways, jogging
trails, stream corridors, cemeteries, and recreational fields for field sports.

ii. Compact layout with little to no open spaces would limit both heat input and
heat loss in hot, dry conditions. Compact layout is preferred when there is
little heat produced by the buildings since it reduces heat gain. Traditional
communities were frequently designed in this manner. But in contemporary
cities, buildings generate a lot of heat on their own. Heat loss becomes
important under these situations. In fact, heat islands are created as a result
of the phenomena of heat buildup in cities. Therefore, open space scale and
size must be maintained.

Conclusion:
Positive spaces between existing and new buildings become a way to get people
there. Space is a places create and spatially define by the relationship between
indoor and outdoor spaces. Spaces has a form –giving role in any settlement and
is a container of different function.
Compact layout with little to no open spaces would limit both heat input and
heat loss in hot, dry conditions. Traditional communities were frequently
designed in this manner. Heat loss becomes important under these situations.

C. Importance of Relationship Between Built Forms Amidst Open Spaces in

Historical Areas (International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology
(IJERT) Vol.2 Issue 2, February- 2013).
Brief:
Every great architectural complex derives its power from the relationship it has
been able to establish between its built masses and the open areas.
 Open areas' characteristics are mostly determined by the building masses that
surround them. The open spaces have the power to either emphasize or hide the
character of the building masses. The only way a building construct or building
complex may achieve its intended goal is through this adaptation.

Key takeaways:
i. The whole of outstanding architectural experiences can be attributed to
building masses expressing spaces or spaces expressing building masses.
ii. Because people live both inside and outside of buildings, it is important for
the outside environment to be as pleasant and cozy as possible.
There are a few factors to take into account when defining enclosed zones in
cities, including-
a. integrating a site's spaces into the city's existing planning.
b. making the areas as cozy and interesting as possible.
c. establishing a connection between the spaces and the occupants and users
of such spaces in order to encourage a feeling of identity.
iii. Buildings and open areas can be arranged into logical patterns of form and
space and related to one another.
iv. The areas should be scaled for the use of the people since they are the most
important component.
v. Large urban areas sometimes have a grandeur feel to them, making people
feel insignificant and insignificant and in front of the surroundings.
vi. Ratio & Proportion- The length, breadth, and height ratios must take into
consideration the following when designing a space for a specific area:
a. Functionality of the space
b. The building's component sections and the building as a whole are
visually related.
c. The proportion of the building height to the open court ratio is 1:2 which
is the most suitable ratio.
vii. Scale- There are several large buildings nearby, but there are no outside
areas, creating an artificial atmosphere.
Different types of scale- Intimate scale, monumental scale, urban scale
 viii. Landscaping- Successful places and communities are built on attractive and
well-designed environments. Landscape design must be a significant
component of creating new spaces.

Conclusion:

People live both inside and outside of buildings, therefore it's important that the
outdoor space be as comfortable and pleasant as possible. Making the spaces as
comfortable as attractive as possible. Creating a link between the spaces and the
people who use and inhabit them in order to foster a sense of identity. The elements
like scale, ratio and proportion, should be considered while designing open and built
space relation.
Large urban areas sometimes have a grandeur feel to them, making people feel
insignificant and in front of the surroundings. Landscape design must be a
significant component of creating new spaces.

D. URDPFI Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation and

Implementation Guidelines and MBBL 2016 (Model building bye-laws).
Building byelaws used:
a. Parking standards- 2 ECS / 100 sq.m of floor area
b. Maximum ground coverage 25%
c. Maximum FAR coverage- 1.20
d. Maximum height- 26m

2.2.2 Books
A. Urban spaces Squares and Plazas (Dimitris kottas, Edition 2007)
The projects featured in this book provide a review of the most recent trends in
plaza and square design. Each of these projects, designed by distinguished
urbanists and architects, provides a comprehensive and clear illustration of how
creativity and a vision for the future, when combined with precision and the use
of environmentally friendly and sustainable materials, produce areas that
promote quality of life, environmental sensitivity, and aesthetic enjoyment.

Key takeaways:
 Taking ideas of open and built space relation through understanding different
projects related to recreational center.

2.2.3 Unpublished documents

A. A study in relation between a building and a public space (Thesis report by
Alistair Dias Oct 2019, Rizvi college, Mumbai)
Brief:
This document attempts to understand relationship building through understand
cultural center. In order to better understand the factors shaping the realm,
research is done.

Key takeaways:

i. Cultural center or any other recreational building provides an informal

platform for street performer to show their talent. This area and the building
façade, with its corridors and the escalator, is what make the building lively.
This complete the building in its own way.
ii. A more diverse centre that includes numerous programmes and an open
space would be required in order to engage more people and cater to a larger
diversity of people in order to ensure that no one is left out. As a result, there
would be less need to travel between locations, participate in activities or
programmes, or enjoy leisure time.

Conclusion:

Cultural center or any other recreational building provides an informal platform for
street performer to show their talent. This complete the building in its own way.

In order to involve more people and allow a broader diversity of people, it would be
necessary to build a broad centre with a variety of programmes and an open area in
order to make sure that no one is left out.

B. Convention Center Design: Evolving Spaces for Evolving Needs

(NOVEMBER 9, 2012 / MICHAEL LOCKWOOD)
 Brief:
Over the past ten years, there has been a large change in convention centre architecture
as a result of shifting economic conditions and the expectations of

meeting organizers, facility managers, and conference attendees. The recession caused
fewer attendees at events each year, which had an impact on many cities' hotels and
restaurants that depend on conventions to generate revenue. The business has also
experienced other significant challenges. Despite the difficulties, the industry continues
to be a significant economic center because local officials understand how important a
best convention centre is in bringing major conferences and, eventually, national
attention to their area.

Key takeaways:
The evolution of convention centre design is offering the flexibility needed to increase
the marketability of the facilities in difficult economic times. These facilities now
include exhibition halls with unique breakout meeting spaces, functional outdoor areas,
high quality ballrooms, and other multi-purpose spaces that allow facilities to
accommodate a wider variety of events.
These outdoor areas serve as a selling feature for convention centre executives wishing
to rent space for private parties or corporate events as the multipurpose nature of
convention centre space increases, making them an attractive alternative to other event
venues in a city.

Conclusion:
The evolution of convention centre design is offering the flexibility needed to increase
the marketability of the facilities in difficult economic times.

2.3 Collating the Literature Review learnings: The final understanding

The majority of literature studies are theoretical analyses of the relationship between
built and open space. The literature study tells how open spaces are a valuable place for
the community to socialize, entertain, interact, or engage in physical activity. The L-
shaped layout improves the economic value of the open space by increasing visibility.
There are various open space kinds for various uses, activities, and locations. the effect
on the ratio of heat gain from built up to open space. Scale and size of the open area
must be preserved as a result. People live both inside and outside of buildings, therefore
it's critical that the outside environment is as comfortable and pleasant as possible.
Buildings and open spaces can be put together in logical patterns of form, ratio,
proportion, and space that relate to one another. As the study of relation between open
and built space deals with convention center, which offers an informal stage for street
performers to showcase their abilities. The building's corridors and escalator, as well as
this space and its façade, are what give it life. In order to boost the facilities'
marketability in these challenging economic times, convention centre design innovation
is providing the flexibility that is needed.

2.4 Conclusion
Through this research I have concluded that relation between open and built spaces in
convention center not only enhance the character and quality of built up space but also
of open space. It also boosts the economy of the city through massive gathering of
people. There are certain parameter to design open and built up space in convention
center.
CHAPTER 3: METHODS AND METHODOLOGY

Methods are the tools used to collecting and analyzing the data. These tools can he a
questionnaire, interviews, case studies, etc.

Methodology is the study of these specific procedures or their order, scale, or range
which is applied in the research, these tools are the guidelines and principles on which
certain facts and figures can be justified and give logical solutions to the questions
raised throughout the research.

3.1 Methods opted for Data/ case Selection and its Justification
The study is done in two parts. The material that is already out there is gathered in the
first stage from a variety of published and unpublished sources, summarized, and used
as the basis for the entire study. To get the exact conclusions, additional case studies
related to the research will be conducted.

Justification: Literature study method helped a lot as it generated true understanding of

open and built space relation in convention center.

The literature study gives a detailed description of the open and built spaces, their
relation and how their relation act as a catalyst in convention center. It helps in
understanding their relation through visual contact, functional relation, building facade
and how their relation improves the inside and outside quality of the building.

The data is collected to answer the following questions:

 How relation of open public space and built space in convention center impacts
on visitors?
 How open and built space relation enhance the gathering of people.
 How convention center regenerates economic and environmental decline or
value through massive gathering of people?

The information gathered is both qualitative and quantitative because it is

descriptive in character, have numerical data with open-ended questions and
 responses. The data gathered through qualitative and quantitative research can be
used to fully understand the research issue.

3.2 Methods opted for Data Collection and its Justification

The relevant data was chosen using the methods mentioned in a way that clearly shows
the connection between built and open space in convention centre. Thereafter, a detailed
analysis of the problems and their probable solutions are pondered upon.

The data collection is the major step to be followed for any research work, it helps to
achieve a better understanding of the topic. Information collected can be classified into:

Qualitative (books, published research paper, unpublished research paper, secondary

case studies) – PHASE 1 & PHASE 2

Quantitative (questionnaire) – PHASE 3

The methods involved are categorized into 3 phases:

3.2.1 PHASE-1: LITERATURE STUDY

Literature review requires the collection of secondary data from a many sources. There
are vast sources available on the internet in the current time to get a reliable conclusion
we need an efficient and well planned methodology. It is important to collect and sort
reliable sources and verify their relevance towards the topic. The information is
gathered using the suggested methods:

i. Research Papers (Published & Unpublished): A research paper is any work for
which the author must perform thorough secondary research. Research papers
are based on facts. In order to write a research paper, first develop an opinion on
a subject, investigate it in-depth, become an expert on it, and then provide data
to back up the arguments.
ii. Books: Published books that focus primarily on open and built space relation in
convention center or related to the topic can be used to gain knowledge.
iii. Blogs: Numerous blogs are available online, which helps in gathering the views
of various people in the architectural field, including architects, researchers,
students, etc.
 Further, data can be used if found other than the above mentioned.

3.2.2. PHASE-2: CASE STUDY

Architectural case studies are an essential approach since they allow for a full research
of the architecture involved, which helps to understand the actual event.

It can be done primarily and secondarily.

Primary case study: i) Pragati Maidan, New Delhi

ii) Indian Habitat Center (IHC), New Delhi

Secondary case study: i) Hyderabad International convention center

ii) Mahatma Mandir, Gujarat

3.3.3 PHASE-3: QUESTIONNAIER

Questionnaires are a common research approach because they provide a quick,

effective, and affordable way to collect a lot of data from sizable sample sizes. It can be
done in physical and virtual mode.

Questionnaire were created for different age group people to know about the open and
built space relation and their experience when they visit to convention center.

3.3 Methods opted for Data Analysis and its Justification

The data was analyzed through the inferences of the literature reviews, questionnaire,
case study and visual interpretation.
Data from qualitative research is frequently detailed and individualized. It consists of
in-depth information typically presented in a comprehensive look. A lot of texts are
analyzed for similarities and differences, as well as for topics and categories. the
sources where information is given, the data that has been compiled under systematized
categories makes it easier to determine precisely what information is needed.
Data from qualitative research is analyzed by concluding the questionnaire and survey
Researches can establish the results across a population.

3.4 Advantages and Limitations of the methods adopted

3.4.1. Advantages:

 Official sources offer information through well-organized surveys. The

researches were written by profound researchers who have studied the topic in
great depth hence increasing the reliability.
 The revision, direction, and structure of the data can be done simply and
effectively with the appearance of new developed information and conclusions.
 It will allow us to understand the take of other authors on the topic.
 It will allow the author to approach to their own conclusion with respect to the
information gathered from different case studies and authors.

3.4.2. Limitations:

 The virtual survey of the convention center is limited to the Delhi.

CHAPTER 4: CASE STUDY

Primary case study:

i) Pragati Maidan, New Delhi

The exhibition and convention center is located near the international airport and main
business area of Connaught Place. Due to which more footfall occur at that place. It will
include:

 11 exhibition halls covering 300.000 m2 based on a two-phase redevelopment

strategy. Phase 1 will include new 7 exhibition halls. Exhibition halls be will
GRIHA 3 Green Building rated.
 Plenty of underground parking facilities and good infrastructure connectivity to
encourage use of public transportation, but also allow roads to decongest fast.
 3 open-air amphitheaters for live performances and cultural shows.

Why to choose this as a primary case study?

Due to the fully air-conditioned convention center and a design temperature of

20°C, the expansive glass lobby will allow complete view of the surrounding areas
without compromising the indoor climate which show indoor and outdoor
relationship through visual contact. Also it is near to visit that place.

ii) Indian Habitat Center (IHC), New Delhi

The INDIA HABITAT CENTRE was conceived to provide a physical environment

which would serve as a catalyst for a synergetic relationship between individuals and
institutions working in diverse habitat related areas and therefore, maximize their total
effectiveness.

Why to choose this as a primary case study?

The building shows the elements which were used to connect the open and built space
like- The landscaping, horticulture, fountains add to the pleasing ambience of the
campus. Use of horizontal and vertical ribbon windows having slots in them for

plantation purpose. The building blocks being separated create interesting courtyards
landscaped with stone sculptures and green throughout which creates and image of a
tropical rainforest with constant airflow through the spaces. Also it is near to visit that
place.

Secondary case study:

i) Hyderabad International convention center

Hyderabad International Trade Expositions Limited (HTTEX) in a state-of-the art venue

for international exhibitions, conferences, trade shows, and corporate events in India.

Why to choose this as a secondary case study?

Outdoor activities like outdoor exhibition areas and outdoor event areas act as social
gathering which act as social and economic development. Fair Pack is a serene operate
exclusively meant for high-profile corporate events and social gatherings with beautiful
landscaped gardens and picturesque surroundings, the hair Park makes a perfect stage
for hosting banquet dinners and intimate meeting.

ii) Mahatma Mandir, Gujarat

Mahatma Mandir is convention cum exhibition centre and a memorial located at The
Convention Center and Exhibition Hadis are designed to meet with the requirements for
organizing Global Moots, Conventions, seminars, conferences, exhibitions of both
national and international level with the state of art facilities. Convention Center has
column free air conditioned halls, suitable for organising conference with huge seating
capacities in verige styles. Gandninagar, Gujarat India. It is inspired from life and
philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi.

Why to choose this as a secondary case study?

It will include photo gallery, food court, development of external landscape and
pathways around the business and exhibition center.

CHAPTER 4: CASE STUDY DATA PRESENTATION

4.1 INTRODUCTION

Case studies are essential in any project in order to understand the chosen topic. It not
only allows to gain knowledge about the real-life implementation of similar ideas, but
also deepens the understanding for the significance of the topic.

It allows to see in details the practical implementation of previous projects done on

similar and gain inspiration as to what may be the vital difference between theory and
practical, especially in a field like architecture.

In this particular case, with this particular topic, "Analyzing Relation between open
space and built space in Convention Center", case studies become an integral part of the
research process. They allow to take a look at the various ways in which the guidelines
for the open and built space in Convention center established by the government
agencies are being applied.