REPORT LANG

PO WALANG
PERSONALAN

FOR EDUCATIONAL DESIGN BY

CLARK & LLOYD PRESENTATION PURPPOSES ONLY UWU ARNEL OBTANA.COM
CONTENTS
NATURAL METHODS
ARTIFICIAL METHODS
SURGICAL METHODS

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF PRESENTATION

 UNDERSTANDING THE SELF PRESENTATION

WHAT IS CONTRACEPTION?

Contraception refers to methods or techniques

used to prevent pregnancy. These methods can
be broadly categorized into two main types:
natural methods and artificial methods.
 NATURAL METHODS
A. ABSTINENCE:
- DEFINITION: AVOIDING SEXUAL INTERCOURSE DURING THE FERTILE PERIOD OF A
WOMAN'S MENSTRUAL CYCLE.
- EFFECTIVENESS: HIGH IF PRACTICED CONSISTENTLY, BUT IT REQUIRES STRONG
COMMITMENT.

B. FERTILITY AWARENESS-BASED METHODS (FABM):

- INCLUDES TRACKING MENSTRUAL CYCLES, MONITORING BASAL BODY TEMPERATURE,
AND OBSERVING CHANGES IN CERVICAL MUCUS TO DETERMINE FERTILE DAYS. -
EFFECTIVENESS: HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON ACCURATE TRACKING AND CONSISTENCY.

C. WITHDRAWAL (PULL-OUT) METHOD:

- INVOLVES THE MAN WITHDRAWING THE PENIS FROM THE VAGINA BEFORE EJACULATION.
- EFFECTIVENESS: RELATIVELY LOW COMPARED TO OTHER METHODS.

D. LACTATIONAL AMENORRHEA METHOD (LAM):

- RELIES ON BREASTFEEDING AS A NATURAL CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD DURING THE
POSTPARTUM PERIOD.
- EFFECTIVENESS: WORKS WELL IF SPECIFIC CRITERIA (EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING, NO
MENSTRUATION, ETC.) ARE MET.

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ABSTINENCE
For most people, abstinence means
not having sex with anyone.
Sometimes people use abstinence as
birth control to prevent pregnancy.
Abstinence prevents pregnancy by
keeping semen away from the
vagina, so the sperm cells in semen
can't get to an egg and cause
pregnancy.

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF PRESENTATION 02

 FERTILITY
AWARENESS

Fertility awareness-based (FAB)

methods of family planning involve
identifying the fertile days of the
menstrual cycle, whether by
observing fertility signs such as
cervical secretions and basal body
temperature or by monitoring cycle
days

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 WITHDRWAL

The withdrawal method of

contraception (coitus interruptus)
happens when you take the penis out
of the vagina and ejaculate outside
the vagina to try to prevent
pregnancy. The goal of the
withdrawal method — also called
"pulling out" — is to keep sperm from
entering the vagina.

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 LACTATIONAL
AMENORRHEA
The lactational amenorrhea method
is based on three simultaneous
conditions: (1) the baby is under 6
months; (2) the mother is still
amenorrheic; and (3) she practises
exclusive or quasi-exclusive
breastfeeding on demand, day and
night. Experiments with LAM
extended to 9-12 months are
ongoing.

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 ARTIFICIAL METHODS
A. BARRIER METHODS:
- CONDOMS: PHYSICAL BARRIER PREVENTING SPERM FROM REACHING THE EGG.
- DIAPHRAGM AND CERVICAL CAP: PLACED INSIDE THE VAGINA TO COVER THE CERVIX
AND BLOCK SPERM.
- SPERMICIDES: CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES THAT KILL OR IMMOBILIZE SPERM.

B. HORMONAL METHODS:
- BIRTH CONTROL PILLS: CONTAIN HORMONES (ESTROGEN AND PROGESTIN) TO PREVENT
OVULATION AND THICKEN CERVICAL MUCUS.
- BIRTH CONTROL PATCH AND VAGINAL RING: DELIVER HORMONES THROUGH THE SKIN OR
VAGINAL LINING.
- INJECTABLE CONTRACEPTIVES: HORMONAL INJECTIONS THAT PREVENT OVULATION.

C. INTRAUTERINE DEVICES (IUDS):

- COPPER IUD: RELEASES COPPER TO PREVENT SPERM FROM REACHING THE EGG.
- HORMONAL IUD: RELEASES PROGESTIN TO PREVENT OVULATION AND THICKEN
CERVICAL MUCUS.

D. PERMANENT METHODS:
- STERILIZATION (TUBAL LIGATION OR VASECTOMY): SURGICAL PROCEDURES THAT
PERMANENTLY PREVENT PREGNANCY.

E. EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION:
- HORMONAL PILLS TAKEN AFTER UNPROTECTED SEX TO PREVENT PREGNANCY. 01
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 BARRIER
METHODS
Barrier methods of birth control help
prevent pregnancy by blocking
sperm. This stops the sperm from
reaching an egg. Types of barrier
methods include external (male)
condoms, internal (female) condoms,
diaphragms, cervical caps, and the
contraceptive sponge.

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 HORMONAL
METHODS
Hormonal methods include an
implant, an intrauterine device (IUD),
injections, pills, vaginal rings, and
skin patches. This document
discusses the various hormonal
methods of birth control that are
available.

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF PRESENTATION 02

 INTRAUTERINE
DEVICES
The doctor will fold the IUD, place it
into an applicator tube, then insert
the tube through your cervix into
your uterus. Once the IUD is in place,
the IUD's “arms” will release and the
doctor will remove the applicator.
IUDs have a string at the bottom that
hangs down into your cervix and
vagina.

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF PRESENTATION 02

 PERMANENT
METHODS
Sterilization is a permanent form of
birth control that is extremely
effective at preventing pregnancy.
But it is difficult to reverse if you
change your mind, and it does not
protect against STDs. Both men and
women can be sterilized. For women,
a tubal ligation is performed; for men,
a vasectomy is performed.

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF PRESENTATION 02

EMERGENCY
CONTRACEPTION
What are the different types of
emergency contraception? There are
two types of EC: 1) the copper
intrauterine device (IUD) and 2) EC
pills. There are three types of EC
pills: 1) ulipristal, 2) progestin-only
pills, and 3) combined EC pills. Some
EC pills can be bought over the
counter without a prescription.

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 SURGICAL METHODS

SURGICAL CONTRACEPTION METHODS, ALSO KNOWN AS STERILIZATION, ARE

PROCEDURES INTENDED TO PERMANENTLY PREVENT PREGNANCY. THERE ARE TWO MAIN
TYPES OF SURGICAL CONTRACEPTION: TUBAL LIGATION FOR WOMEN AND VASECTOMY
FOR MEN.

1. TUBAL LIGATION (FEMALE STERILIZATION):

DESCRIPTION: TUBAL LIGATION INVOLVES BLOCKING OR SEALING THE FALLOPIAN

TUBES, WHICH ARE THE TUBES THAT CARRY EGGS FROM THE OVARIES TO THE
UTERUS.
PROCEDURE: IT CAN BE DONE THROUGH VARIOUS METHODS, SUCH AS CUTTING
AND TYING THE TUBES, SEALING THEM WITH BANDS OR CLIPS, OR USING
ELECTROCOAGULATION (BURNING) OR A NEWER METHOD CALLED HYSTEROSCOPIC
STERILIZATION.
EFFECTIVENESS: TUBAL LIGATION IS HIGHLY EFFECTIVE, BUT THERE IS STILL A
SMALL RISK OF PREGNANCY, PARTICULARLY IN THE FIRST YEAR AFTER THE
PROCEDURE.

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 SURGICAL METHODS

VASECTOMY (MALE STERILIZATION):

DESCRIPTION: VASECTOMY IS A SURGICAL PROCEDURE THAT INVOLVES CUTTING OR

BLOCKING THE VAS DEFERENS, THE TUBES THAT CARRY SPERM FROM THE TESTICLES
TO THE URETHRA.
PROCEDURE: DURING A VASECTOMY, A SMALL INCISION IS MADE IN THE SCROTUM,
AND THE VAS DEFERENS ARE CUT, TIED, OR SEALED. THIS PREVENTS SPERM FROM
REACHING THE SEMEN EJACULATED FROM THE PENIS.
EFFECTIVENESS: VASECTOMY IS ALSO HIGHLY EFFECTIVE, BUT IT TAKES SOME TIME
(USUALLY A FEW MONTHS OR EJACULATIONS) FOR REMAINING SPERM TO CLEAR FROM
THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM, SO COUPLES SHOULD USE AN ALTERNATIVE FORM OF
CONTRACEPTION UNTIL SPERM ABSENCE IS CONFIRMED.

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TUBAL LIGATION

Tubal ligation can be done:

Following a vaginal birth using a
small incision under the belly
button (mini-laparotomy)
During a C-section.
Anytime as an outpatient
procedure using a laparoscope
and short-acting general
anesthesia (interval tubal
ligation)

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VASECTOMY METHOD

There are two types of vasectomies:

the incision method, and the no-
scalpel (no-cut) method. No-cut
methods lower the risk of infection
and other complications, and
generally take less time to heal.
Vasectomies are meant to be
permanent — so they usually can't be
reversed.

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 THANK YOU PO
SALAMAT!

FOR EDUCATIONAL DESIGN BY

CLARK & LLOYD PRESENTATION PURPPOSES ONLY UWU ARNEL OBTANA.COM