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Pharmacotherapy Casebook: A Patient-Focused Approach, 11e

Appendix B: Common Laboratory Tests

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The following table is an alphabetical listing of some common laboratory tests and their reference ranges for adults as measured in plasma or serum
(unless otherwise indicated). Reference values differ among laboratories, so readers should refer to the published reference ranges used in each
institution. For some tests, both SI units and conventional units are reported.

Conversion
Laboratory Conventional Units SI Units
Factor

Acid phosphatase

Male 2–12 units/L 16.7 33–200 nkat/L

Female 0.3–9.2 units/L 16.7 5–154 nkat/L

Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) 25–40 sec

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 15–80 pg/mL or ng/L 0.2202 3.3–17.6 pmol/L

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT) 7–53 IU/L 0.01667 0.12–0.88 μkat/L

Albumin 3.5–5.0 g/dL 10 35–50 g/L

Albumin:creatinine ratio (urine)

Normal <30 mg/g creatinine

Microalbuminuria 30–300 mg/g creatinine

Proteinuria >300 mg/g creatinine

or or

Normal

Male <2.0 mg/mmol creatinine

Female <2.8 mg/mmol creatinine

Microalbuminuria

Male 2.0–20 mg/mmol creatinine

Female
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Proteinuria

Male >20 mg/mmol creatinine

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Microalbuminuria
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Male 2.0–20 mg/mmol creatinine

Female 2.8–28 mg/mmol creatinine

Proteinuria

Male >20 mg/mmol creatinine

Female >28 mg/mmol creatinine

Aldosterone

Supine <16 ng/dL 27.7 <444 pmol/L

Upright <31 ng/dL 27.7 <860 pmol/L

Alkaline phosphatase

10–15 years 130–550 IU/L 0.01667 2.17–9.17 μkat/L

16–20 years 70–260 IU/L 0.01667 1.17–4.33 μkat/L

>20 years 38–126 IU/L 0.01667 0.13–2.10 μkat/L

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) <15 ng/mL 1 <15 mcg/L

Alpha1-antitrypsin 80–200 mg/dL 0.01 0.8–2.0 g/L

Amikacin, therapeutic 15–30 mg/L peak 1.71 25.6–51.3 μmol/L peak

≤8 mg/L trough ≤13.7 μmol/L trough

Amitriptyline 80–200 ng/mL or mcg/L 3.4 272–680 nmol/L

Ammonia (plasma) 15.33–56.20 mcg NH3/dL 0.5872 9–33 μmol NH3/L

Amylase 25–115 IU/L 0.01667 0.42–1.92 kat/L

Androstenedione 50–250 ng/dL 0.0349 1.7–8.7 nmol/L

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 15–70 units/L 16.67 250–1,167 nkat/L

Anion gap 7–16 mEq/L 1 7–16 mmol/L

Anti–double-stranded DNA (anti-ds DNA) Negative

Anti-HAV Negative

Anti-HBc Negative

Anti-HBs Negative

Anti-HCV Negative

Anti–Sm antibody Negative

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Apolipoprotein A-1
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Anti-HBs Negative
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Anti-HCV Negative

Anti–Sm antibody Negative

Antinuclear antibody (ANA) Negative

Apolipoprotein A-1

Male 95–175 mg/dL 0.01 0.95–1.75 g/L

Female 100–200 mg/dL 0.01 1.0–2.0 g/L

Apolipoprotein B

Male 50–110 mg/dL 0.01 0.5–1.10 g/L

Female 50–105 mg/dL 0.01 0.5–1.05 g/L

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, SGOT) 11–47 IU/L 0.01667 0.18–0.78 μkat/L

Beta2-microglobulin <0.2 mg/dL 10 2 mg/L

Bicarbonate 22–26 mEq/L 1 22–26 mmol/L

Bilirubin

Total 0.3–1.1 mg/dL 17.1 5.13–18.80 μmol/L

Direct 0–0.3 mg/dL 17.1 0–5.1 μmol/L

Indirect 0.1–1.0 mg/dL 17.1 1.71–17.1 μmol/L

Bleeding time 3–7 min

Blood gases (arterial)

pH 7.35–7.45 1 7.35–7.45

PaO2 80–105 mm Hg 0.133 10.6–14.0 kPa

PaCO2 35–45 mm Hg 0.133 4.7–6.0 kPa

HCO3 22–26 mEq/L 1 22–26 mmol/L

O2 saturation ≥95% 0.01 0.95

Blood urea nitrogen 8–25 mg/dL 0.357 2.9–8.9 mmol/L

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) 0–99 pg/mL 1 0–99 ng/L

BUN-to-creatinine ratio 10:1 to 20:1

C-peptide 0.51–2.70 ng/mL 330 170–900 pmol/L or

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Appendix B: Common Laboratory Tests, Page 3 / 14
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CA-125 <35 units/mL 1 <35 kilounits/L

 B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) 0–99 pg/mL 1 0–99 ng/L

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BUN-to-creatinine ratio 10:1 to 20:1
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C-peptide 0.51–2.70 ng/mL 330 170–900 pmol/L or

0.33 0.172–0.900 nmol/L

C-reactive protein <0.8 mg/dL 10 <8 mg/L

CA-125 <35 units/mL 1 <35 kilounits/L

CA 15-3 <30 units/mL 1 <30 kilounits/L

CA 19-9 <37 units/mL 1 <37 kilounits/L

CA 27-29 <38 units/mL 1 <38 kilounits/L

Calcium

Total 8.6–10.3 mg/dL 0.25 2.15–2.58 mmol/L

4.3–5.16 mEq/L 0.50 2.15–2.58 mmol/L

Ionized 4.5–5.1 mg/dL 0.25 1.13–1.28 mmol/L

2.26–2.56 mEq/L 0.50 1.13–1.28 mmol/L

Carbamazepine, therapeutic 4–12 mg/L 4.23 17–51 μmol/L

Carboxyhemoglobin (nonsmoker) <2% 0.01 <0.02

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

Nonsmoker <2.5 ng/mL 1 <2.5 mcg/L

Smoker <5 ng/mL <5 mcg/L

Cardiac troponin I (see troponin I) Variable ng/mL 1 Variable mcg/L

CD4 lymphocyte count 31–61% of total lymphocytes

CD8 lymphocyte count 18–39% of total lymphocytes

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Pressure 75–175 mm H2O

Glucose 40–70 mg/dL 0.0555 2.2–3.9 mmol/L

Protein 15–45 mg/dL 0.01 0.15–0.45 g/L

WBC <10/mm3

Ceruloplasmin 18–45 mg/dL 10 180–450 mg/L

0.063 1.1–2.8 μmol/L

Chloride 97–110 mEq/L 1 97–110 mmol/L

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Desirable <200 mg/dL 0.0259 <5.18 mmol/L

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Ceruloplasmin 18–45 mg/dL 10 180–450 mg/L
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0.063 1.1–2.8 μmol/L

Chloride 97–110 mEq/L 1 97–110 mmol/L

Cholesterol

Desirable <200 mg/dL 0.0259 <5.18 mmol/L

Borderline high 200–239 mg/dL 0.0259 5.18–6.19 mmol/L

High ≥240 mg/dL 0.0259 ≥6.2 mmol/L

β-Human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) <5 milliunits/mL 1 <5 units/L

Clozapine Minimum trough 300–350 ng/mL or 3.06 918–1,071 nmol/L

mcg/L

CO2 content 22–30 mEq/L 1 22–30 mmol/L

Complement component 3 (C3) 70–160 mg/dL 0.01 0.7–1.6 g/L

Complement component 4 (C4) 20–40 mg/dL 0.01 0.2–0.4 g/L

Copper 70–150 mcg/dL 0.157 11–24 μmol/L

Cortisol (fasting, morning) 5–25 mcg/dL 27.6 138–690 nmol/L

Cortisol (free, urinary) 10–100 mcg/day 2.76 28–276 nmol/day

Creatine kinase

Male 30–200 IU/L 0.01667 0.50–3.33 μkat/L

Female 20–170 IU/L 0.01667 0.33–2.83 μkat/L

MB fraction 0–7 IU/L 0.01667 0.0–0.12 μkat/L

Creatinine clearance (CLcr) (urine) 85–135 mL/min/1.73 m2 0.00963 0.82–1.3 mL/sec/m2

Creatinine

Male 4–20 years 0.2–1.0 mg/dL 88.4 18–88 μmol/L

Female 4–20 years 0.2–1.0 mg/dL 88.4 18–88 μmol/L

Male (adults) 0.7–1.3 mg/dL 88.4 62–115 μmol/L

Female (adults) 0.6–1.1 mg/dL 88.4 53–97 μmol/L

Cyclosporine

Renal transplant 100–300 ng/mL or mcg/L 0.832 83–250 nmol/L

Cardiac, liver, or pancreatic transplant 200–350 ng/mL or mcg/L 0.832 166–291 nmol/L

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Cryptococcal antigen
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D-dimers <250 ng/mL 1 <250 mcg/L
 Cyclosporine
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Renal transplant 100–300 ng/mL or mcg/L 0.832 83–250 nmol/L Access Provided by:

Cardiac, liver, or pancreatic transplant 200–350 ng/mL or mcg/L 0.832 166–291 nmol/L

Cryptococcal antigen Negative

D-dimers <250 ng/mL 1 <250 mcg/L

Desipramine 75–300 ng/mL or mcg/L 3.75 281–1125 mmol/L

Dexamethasone suppression test (DST) (overnight) 8:00 AM cortisol <5 mcg/dL 0.0276 <0.14 μmol/L

DHEAS

Male 170–670 mcg/dL 0.0271 4.6–18.2 μmol/L

Female

Premenopausal 50–540 mcg/dL 0.0271 1.4–14.7 μmol/L

Postmenopausal 30–260 mcg/dL 0.0271 0.8–7.1 μmol/L

Digoxin, therapeutic 0.5–1.0 ng/mL or mcg/L 1.28 0.6–1.3 nmol/L

Erythrocyte count (blood) See under red blood cell

count

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Westergren

Male 0–20 mm/hr

Female 0–30 mm/hr

Wintrobe

Male 0–9 mm/hr

Female 0–15 mm/hr

Erythropoietin 2–25 mIU/mL 1 2–25 IU/L

Estradiol

Male 10–36 pg/mL 3.67 37–132 pmol/L

Female 34–170 pg/mL 3.67 125–624 pmol/L

Ethanol, legal intoxication ≥50–100 mg/dL 0.217 10.9–21.7 mmol/L

≥0.05–0.1% 217

Ethosuximide, therapeutic 40–100 mg/L or mcg/mL 7.08 283–708 μmol/L

Factor VIII or factor IX

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Appendix B: Common
Severe Laboratory Tests,
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Moderate hemophilia 1–5 IU/dL 0.01 0.01–0.05 units/mL
 ≥0.05–0.1% 217
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Ethosuximide, therapeutic 40–100 mg/L or mcg/mL 7.08 283–708 μmol/L

Factor VIII or factor IX

Severe hemophilia <1 IU/dL 0.01 <0.01 units/mL

Moderate hemophilia 1–5 IU/dL 0.01 0.01–0.05 units/mL

Mild hemophilia >5 IU/dL 0.01 >0.05 units/mL

Usual adult levels 60–140 IU/dL 0.01 0.60–1.40 units/mL

Ferritin

Male 20–250 ng/mL 1 20–250 mcg/L

Female 10–150 ng/mL 1 10–150 mcg/L

Fibrin degradation products (FDP) 2–10 mg/L

Fibrinogen 200–400 mg/dL 0.01 2.0–4.0 g/L

Folate (plasma) 3.1–12.4 ng/mL 2.266 7.0–28.1 nmol/L

Folic acid (RBC) 125–600 ng/mL 2.266 283–1360 nmol/L

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Male 1–7 mIU/mL 1 1–7 IU/L

Female

Follicular phase 1–9 mIU/mL 1 1–9 IU/L

Midcycle 6–26 mIU/mL 1 6–26 IU/L

Luteal phase 1–9 mIU/mL 1 1–9 IU/L

Postmenopausal 30–118 mIU/mL 1 30–118 IU/L

Free thyroxine index (FT4I) 6.5–12.5

Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) 0–30 IU/L 0.01667 0–0.5 μkat/L

Gastrin (fasting) 0–130 pg/mL 1 0–130 ng/L

Gentamicin, therapeutic 4–10 mg/L peak 2.09 8.4–21.0 μmol/L peak

≤2 mg/L trough ≤4.2 μmol/L trough

Globulin 2.3–3.5 g/dL 10 23–35 g/L

Glucose (fasting, plasma) 65–109 mg/dL 0.0555 3.6–6.0 mmol/L

Glucose, 2-hr postprandial blood (PPBG) <140 mg/dL 0.0555 <7.8 mmol/L

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Granulocyte count 106 1.8–6.6 × 109/L
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Growth hormone (fasting)
 Globulin 2.3–3.5 g/dL 10 23–35 g/L
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Glucose (fasting, plasma) 65–109 mg/dL 0.0555 3.6–6.0 mmol/LAccess Provided by:

Glucose, 2-hr postprandial blood (PPBG) <140 mg/dL 0.0555 <7.8 mmol/L

Granulocyte count 1.8–6.6 × 103/μL 106 1.8–6.6 × 109/L

Growth hormone (fasting)

Male <5 ng/mL 1 <5 mcg/L

Female <10 ng/mL 1 <10 mcg/L

Haptoglobin 60–270 mg/dL 0.01 0.6–2.7 g/L

HBeAg Negative

HBsAg Negative

HBV DNA Negative

Hematocrit

Male 40.7–50.3% 0.01 0.407–0.503

Female 36.1–44.3% 0.01 0.361–0.443

Hemoglobin (blood)

Male 13.8–17.2 g/dL 10 138–172 g/L

Alternative SI: 0.62 8.56–10.67 mmol/L

Female 12.1–15.1 g/dL 10 121–151 g/L

Alternative SI: 0.62 7.5–9.36 mmol/L

Hemoglobin A1C 4.0–6.0% 0.01 0.04–0.06

Heparin

Via protamine titration method 0.2–0.4 mcg/mL

Via anti–factor Xa assay 0.3–0.7 mcg/mL

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol >35 mg/dL 0.0259 >0.91 mmol/L

Homocysteine 3.3–10.4 μmol/L

Ibuprofen

Therapeutic 10–50 mcg/mL 4.85 49–243 μmol/L

Toxic 100–700 mcg/mL or greater 4.85 485–3395 μmol/L or

greater

Imipramine, therapeutic 100–300 ng/mL or mcg/L 3.57 357–1071 nmol/L

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Appendix B: CommonALaboratory
Immunoglobulin (IgA) Tests, 85–385 mg/dL 0.01 0.85–3.85 g/L Page 8 / 14
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Immunoglobulin G (IgG) 565–1765 mg/dL 0.01 5.65–17.65 g/L
 Therapeutic 10–50 mcg/mL 4.85 49–243 μmol/L
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Toxic 100–700 mcg/mL or greater 4.85 485–3395 μmol/L or
greater

Imipramine, therapeutic 100–300 ng/mL or mcg/L 3.57 357–1071 nmol/L

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) 85–385 mg/dL 0.01 0.85–3.85 g/L

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) 565–1765 mg/dL 0.01 5.65–17.65 g/L

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) 53–375 mg/dL 0.01 0.53–3.75 g/L

Insulin (fasting) 2–20 microunits/mL or milliunits/L 7.175 14.35–143.5 pmol/L

International normalized ratio (INR), therapeutic 2.0–3.0 (2.5–3.5 for some indications)

Iron

Male 45–160 mcg/dL 0.179 8.1–31.3 μmol/L

Female 30–160 mcg/dL 0.179 5.4–31.3 μmol/L

Iron-binding capacity (total) 220–420 mcg/dL 0.179 39.4–75.2 μmol/L

Iron saturation 15–50% 0.01 0.15–0.50

Lactate (plasma) 0.7–2.1 mEq/L 1 0.7–2.1 mmol/L

6.3–18.9 mg/dL 0.111

Lactate dehydrogenase 100–250 IU/L 0.01667 1.67–4.17 μkat/L

Lead <25 mcg/dL 0.0483 <1.21 μmol/L

Leukocyte count 3.8–9.8 × 103/μL 106 3.8–9.8 μ109/L

Lidocaine, therapeutic 1.5–6.0 mcg/mL or mg/L 4.27 6.4–25.6 μmol/L

Lipase <100 IU/L 0.01667 1.7 μkat/L

Lithium, therapeutic 0.5–1.25 mEq/L 1 0.5–1.25 mmol/L

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol

Desirable <130 mg/dL 0.0259 <3.36 mmol/L

Borderline high risk 130–159 mg/dL 0.0259 3.36–4.11 mmol/L

High risk ≥160 mg/dL 0.0259 ≥4.13 mmol/L

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Male 1–8 milliunits/mL 1 1–8 units/L

Female

Follicular phase 1–12 milliunits/mL 1 1–12 units/L

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Appendix B: Common Laboratory Tests,
Midcycle 16–104 milliunits/mL 1 16–104 units/L
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Luteal phase 1–12 milliunits/mL 1 1–12 units/L
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Male 1–8 milliunits/mL 1 1–8 units/L
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Female

Follicular phase 1–12 milliunits/mL 1 1–12 units/L

Midcycle 16–104 milliunits/mL 1 16–104 units/L

Luteal phase 1–12 milliunits/mL 1 1–12 units/L

Postmenopausal 16–66 milliunits/mL 1 16–66 units/L

Lymphocyte count 1.2–3.3 × 103/μL 106 1.2–3.3 × 109/L

Magnesium 1.3–2.2 mEq/L 0.5 0.65–1.10 mmol/L

1.58–2.68 mg/dL 0.411 0.65–1.10 mmol/L

Mean corpuscular volume 80.0–97.6 μm3 1 80.0–97.6 fL

Mononuclear cell count 0.2–0.7 × 103/μL 106 0.2–0.7 × 109/L

Nortriptyline, therapeutic 50–150 ng/mL or mcg/L 3.8 190–570 nmol/L

NT-ProBNP (see Pro-BNP)

Osmolality (serum) 275–300 mOsm/kg 1 275–300 mmol/kg

Osmolality (urine) 250–900 mOsm/kg 1 250–900 mmol/kg

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), intact 10–60 pg/mL or ng/L 0.107 1.1–6.4 pmol/L

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), N-terminal 8–24 pg/mL or ng/L

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), C-terminal 50–330 pg/mL or ng/L

Phenobarbital, therapeutic 15–40 mcg/mL or mg/L 4.31 65–172 μmol/L

Phenytoin, therapeutic 10–20 mcg/mL or mg/L 3.96 40–79 μmol/L

Phosphate 2.5–4.5 mg/dL 0.323 0.81–1.45 mmol/L

Platelet count 140–440 × 103/μL 106 140–440 × 109/L

Potassium (plasma) 3.3–4.9 mEq/L 1 3.3–4.9 μmol/L

Prealbumin (adult) 19.5–35.8 mg/dL 10 195–358 mg/L

Primidone, therapeutic 5–12 mcg/mL or mg/L 4.58 23–55 μmol/L

ProBNP <125 pg/mL or ng/L 0.118 <14.75 pmol/L

Procainamide, therapeutic 4–10 mcg/mL or mg/L 4.23 17–42 μmol/L

Progesterone

Male 13–97 ng/dL 0.0318 0.4–3.1 nmol/L

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Follicular phase 15–70 ng/dL 0.5–2.2 nmol/L

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Progesterone

Male 13–97 ng/dL 0.0318 0.4–3.1 nmol/L

Female

Follicular phase 15–70 ng/dL 0.5–2.2 nmol/L

Luteal phase 200–2500 ng/dL 6.4–79.5 nmol/L

Prolactin <20 ng/mL 1 <20 mcg/L

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) <4 ng/mL 1 <4 mcg/L

Protein, total 6.0–8.0 g/dL 10 60–80 g/L

Prothrombin time (PT) 10–12 sec

Quinidine, therapeutic 2–5 mcg/mL or mg/L 3.08 6.2–15.4 μmol/L

Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) <6% in 2 hr

Red blood cell (RBC) count (blood)

Male 4–6.2 × 106/μL 106 4–6.2 × 1012/L

Female 4–6.2 × 106/μL 106 4–6.2 × 1012/L

Pregnant

Trimester 1 4–5 × 106/μL 106 4–5 × 1012/L

Trimester 2 3.2–4.5 × 106/μL 106 3.2–4.5 × 1012/L

Trimester 3 3.0–4.9 × 106/μL 106 3.0–4.9 × 1012/L

Postpartum 3.2–5 × 106/μL 106 3.2–5.0 × 106/L

Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) 11.5–14.5% 0.01 0.115–0.145

Reticulocyte count

Male 0.5–1.5% of total RBC count 0.01 0.005–0.015

Female 0.5–2.5% of total RBC count 0.01 0.005–0.025

Retinol-binding protein (RBP) 2.7–7.6 mg/dL 10 27–76 mg/L

Rheumatoid factor (RF) titer Negative

Salicylate, therapeutic 150–300 mcg/mL or mg/L 0.00724 1.09–2.17 mmol/L

15–30 mg/dL 0.0724

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Renal transplant 6–12 ng/mL or mcg/L

 Rheumatoid factor (RF) titer Negative
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Salicylate, therapeutic 150–300 mcg/mL or mg/L 0.00724 1.09–2.17 mmol/L
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15–30 mg/dL 0.0724

Sodium 135–145 mEq/L 1 135–145 mmol/L

Tacrolimus

Renal transplant 6–12 ng/mL or mcg/L

Liver transplant 4–10 ng/mL or mcg/L

Pancreatic transplant 10–18 ng/mL or mcg/L

Bone marrow transplant 10–20 ng/mL or mcg/L

Testosterone (total)

Men 300–950 ng/dL 0.0347 10.4–33.0 nmol/L

Women 20–80 ng/dL 0.7–2.8 nmol/L

Testosterone (free)

Men 9–30 ng/dL 0.0347 0.31–1.04 nmol/L

Women 0.3–1.9 ng/dL 0.01–0.07 nmol/L

Theophylline

Therapeutic 5–15 mcg/mL or mg/L 5.55 28–83 μmol/L

Toxic 20 or greater mcg/mL or mg/L 5.55 111 or greater μmol/L

Thrombin time 20–24 sec

Thyroglobulin <42 ng/mL 1 <42 mcg/L

Thyroglobulin antibodies Negative

Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) 1.2–2.5 mg/dL 10 12–25 mcg/L

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 0.35–6.20 microunits/mL 1 0.35–6.20 milliunits/L

TSH receptor antibodies (TSH Rab) 0–1 unit/mL

Thyroxine (T4)

Total 4.5–12.0 mcg/dL 12.87 58–155 nmol/L

Free 0.7–1.9 ng/dL 12.87 9.0–24.5 pmol/L

Thyroxine index, free (FT4I) 6.5–12.5

TIBC, see Iron-binding capacity (total)

Tobramycin,
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mg/L trough ≤4.28 μmol/L

Transferrin 200–430 mg/dL 0.01 2.0–4.3 g/L

 Thyroxine index, free (FT4I) 6.5–12.5
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TIBC, see Iron-binding capacity (total)

Tobramycin, therapeutic 4–10 mcg/mL or mg/L peak 2.14 8.6–21.4 μmol/L

≤2 mcg/mL mg/L trough 2.14 ≤4.28 μmol/L

Transferrin 200–430 mg/dL 0.01 2.0–4.3 g/L

Transferrin saturation 30–50% 0.01 0.30–0.50

Triglycerides (fasting) <160 mg/dL 0.0113 <1.8 mmol/L

Triiodothyronine (T3) 45–132 ng/dL 0.0154 0.91–2.70 nmol/L

Triiodothyronine (T3) resin uptake 25–35%

Troponin I <0.6 ng/mL 1 <0.6 g/L

Uric acid 3–8 mg/dL 59.48 179–476 μmol/L

Urinalysis (urine)

pH 4.8–8.0

Specific gravity 1.005–1.030

Protein Negative

Glucose Negative

Ketones Negative

RBC 1–2 per low-power field

WBC 3–4 per low-power field

Valproic acid, therapeutic 50–100 mcg/mL or mg/L 6.93 346–693 μmol/L

Vancomycin, therapeutic trough for CNS infections 20–40 mcg/mL or mg/L peak 0.690 14–28 μmol/L peak

5–20 mcg/mL or mg/L trough 0.690 3–14 μmol/L trough

15–20 mcg/mL or mg/L trough 0.690 10–14 μmol/L trough

Vitamin A (retinol) 30–95 mcg/dL 0.0349 1.05–3.32 μmol/L

Vitamin B12 180–1000 pg/mL 0.738 133–738 pmol/L

Vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxy 20–76 pg/m 2.4 48–182 pmol/L

Vitamin D3, 25-hydroxy 10–50 ng/mL 2.496 25–125 nmol/L

Vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) 0.5–2.0 mg/dL 23.22 12–46 μmol/L

WBC count
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Appendix B: Common Laboratory Tests, Page 13 / 14
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WBC differential (peripheral blood)

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) 50–65%

 University of Cluj
Vitamin D3, 25-hydroxy 10–50 ng/mL 2.496 25–125 nmol/L
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Vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) 0.5–2.0 mg/dL 23.22 12–46 μmol/L

WBC count 4–10 × 103/μL or 4–10 × 103/mm3 106 4–10 × 109/L

WBC differential (peripheral blood)

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) 50–65%

Bands 0–5%

Eosinophils 0–3%

Basophils 1–3%

Lymphocytes 25–35%

Monocytes 2–6%

WBC differential (bone marrow)

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) 3–11%

Bands 9–15%

Metamyelocytes 9–25%

Myelocytes 8–16%

Promyelocytes 1–8%

Myeloblasts 0–5%

Eosinophils 1–5%

Basophils 0–1%

Lymphocytes 11–23%

Monocytes 0–1%

Zinc 60–150 mcg/dL 0.153 9.2–23.0 μmol/L

This table was reprinted with permission from: Chisholm-Burns MA, Wells BG, Schwinghammer TL, et al, eds. Pharmacotherapy Principles and Practice. New York, NY:
McGraw-Hill; 2008.

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Appendix B: Common Laboratory Tests, Page 14 / 14
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