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  • Tuberose Breeding

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    Tuberose is a widely cultivated crop grown for cut flowers, loose flowers, and perfumery. It has 30 haploid chromosomes and 50 somatic chromosomes. The flowers are tubular up to 6 cm long, separating into six flaring segments with six stamens inserted in the tube. Stigma receptivity lasts 48 hours. Breeding objectives include developing varieties with enhanced vase life, disease and pest resistance, varied colors and fragrances, and improved yield and quality. Techniques include hybridization and mutation breeding through radiation and chemicals, producing mutants with color variation. Available varieties include single types like Local Single and double types like Calcutta Double.

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    Tuberose is a widely cultivated crop grown for cut flowers, loose flowers, and perfumery. It has 30 haploid chromosomes and 50 somatic chromosomes. The flowers are tubular up to 6 cm long, separating into six flaring segments with six stamens inserted in the tube. Stigma receptivity lasts 48 hours. Breeding objectives include developing varieties with enhanced vase life, disease and pest resistance, varied colors and fragrances, and improved yield and quality. Techniques include hybridization and mutation breeding through radiation and chemicals, producing mutants with color variation. Available varieties include single types like Local Single and double types like Calcutta Double.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    3 views2 pages

    Tuberose Breeding

    Uploaded by

    ashokkumar06276
    Tuberose is a widely cultivated crop grown for cut flowers, loose flowers, and perfumery. It has 30 haploid chromosomes and 50 somatic chromosomes. The flowers are tubular up to 6 cm long, separating into six flaring segments with six stamens inserted in the tube. Stigma receptivity lasts 48 hours. Breeding objectives include developing varieties with enhanced vase life, disease and pest resistance, varied colors and fragrances, and improved yield and quality. Techniques include hybridization and mutation breeding through radiation and chemicals, producing mutants with color variation. Available varieties include single types like Local Single and double types like Calcutta Double.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 2

    Breeding Objectives and Techniques: Tuberose

    Tuberose is a widely cultivated crop grown in India for use as a cut flower, loose flower and in
    perfumery industry.The haploid chromosome number of tuberose is 30, among these 5 are
    large and 25 are small.The somatic chromosome number is 2n=2x=50.

    Floral Biology
    (Floral biology includes the morphology, anthesis and mode of pollination of flowers)

    The flowers are tubular, with a tube up to 6 cm long, separating into six flaring segments (tepals)
    at the end, and are strongly fragrant. There are six stamens, inserted into the tube of the flower,
    and a three-part stigma.The peak time of anthesis ranged from 9.00 to10.00 hrs. The duration of
    stigma receptivity was for 48 hours.

    A tepal is one of the outer parts of a flower (collectively the perianth). The term is used when these parts
    cannot easily be classified as either sepals or petals
    Breeding objectives:
     To develop varieties with enhanced vase life.
     To develop varieties resistant to various diseases like Sclerotium wilt, leaf blight, etc.
     To develop varieties resistant to various insect pests.
     To develop varieties which are demanded in domestic and international market for varied
    colour and fragrance.
     To develop varieties for the production of tuberose oil.
     To develop varieties for improved yield and quality
     Develop varieties with new and rare colors.

    Techniques of breeding:
    Hybridization
    In 1899, the first hybrid in this group was produced by Polianthes (Bravoa) geminifera and P.
    (Prochnyanthes) bulliana. However, the first cross involving tuberose was reported in 1911
    as Polianthes x blissii, a cross between Polianthes geminiflora and P. tuberosa. Tuberose
    (Polianthestuberosa L.) has the characters of dichogamy and self-incompatibility.
    Mutation breeding
    Mutation breeding can be utilized to develop improved strains.Several mutagens like
    radiation, ultraviolet light and a variety of chemicals have been utilized for this purpose.By
    treating the bulbs with gamma rays and fast neutrons, several mutants of ornamental value
    have been obtained by various workers. They showed colour variation in leaves but not
    flowers.Two mutants, viz. RajatRekha (single) and SwarnaRekha (double) were obtained
    through gamma irradiation (1 to 5 kr) at the NBRI.In RajatRekha, there are silvery white
    streaks along the middle of the blade, whereas in SwarnaRekha golden-yellow streaks are
    present along the margins of the blade.

    At present, total germplasm including new varieties available in India are:


    Single types: Single cultivars are more fragrant and is widely cultivated than the other types.
    Examples of single cultivars are Local Single, Pune Local Single (Pune), Calcutta Single
    (Calcutta), Hyderabad Single (Hyderabad), Kahikuchi Single (Assam), Mexican Single
    (Mexico), Navsari Local (Gujrat), Nilakottai Local, Sikkim selection, RajatRekha (Gamma
    ray-induced mutant, NBRI), Prajwal (Shringar Mexican single, IIHR), PhuleRajani (MPKV,
    Rahuri, Maharastra), Shringar (single  double, IIHR), ArkaNirantara, GKTC-4, STR-501,
    Variegated Single Local.
    Double types: Double cultivars are mostly used as a cut flower and include Calcutta Double,
    Pune Local Double, Hyderabad Double, Pearl Double, Suvasini (Single  Double, IIHR),
    Vaibhav (Mexican Single  IIHR-2, IIHR), SwarnaRekha (Gamma ray-induced mutant,
    NBRI), STR-505, ArkaSugandhi.

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