ANSWERS

Self Assessment Paper-5

PHYSICS (Theory)
Section – A
1. Option (D) is correct.
5. Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: Given A = 20 cm2 = 20 × 104m2,
1
E = 20 N/C and q = 30° Explanation: We know B µ × As, distance y is
y
f = EA cos q (E = electric field, A = area, q = angle
between the surface and the electric-field) changed to (y/2) distance is halved hence by above
f = 20 × 20 × 10–4 × cos 30° relation field will be doubled. Hence new field
= 2B.
3
f = 20 × 20 × 10–4 ×
2 6. Option (C) is correct.
Explanation: For transformers, Frequency at input
f = 346.41 × 10–4
= frequency at output.
f = 0.03464 Vm
7. Option (A) is correct.
2. Option (A) is correct. Explanation: Transformers are static devices that
Explanation: Given: Charge = 10 C, transfer power via electromagnetic induction
Work done = 1 Joule, distance = 1cm from one circuit to another. Electrical transformers
Potential difference between two points in an have no friction since there are no moving parts.
electric field is: Transformer efficiency, which ranges from 95%
W to 98%, is extremely high because losses in the
VA – VB = transformer are relatively low compared to those
q0
in any other rotating equipment.
1
VA – VB = = 0.1 V 8. Option (B) is correct.
10
9. Option (B) is correct.
3. Option (D) is correct. Explanation: Power factor of a purely resistive
Explanation: Velocity due to free fall, circuit is 1. LCR circuit behaves as a resistive circuit
2gH at resonance.
v=
(g = gravitational constant)
10. Option (D) is correct.
h 11. Option (C) is correct.
de-Broglie wavelength: l = Explanation: Current or induced emf in a circuit
p
has polarity which opposes the cause which
(h = Planck’s constant, p = momentum) produced it. It is also referred to as Lenz's law.
h h
l= =
mv m 2 gH
12. Option (D) is correct.
Explanation: The objective lens and eyepiece
(h, m, and g are constant) lens's focal lengths determine the microscope's
1 1
1 - magnification power. m µ (f and fe are the
lµ =lµH 2 f0 fe 0
H
1
focal lengths of objective lens and eyepiece lens.)
1 -
Or, lµ =lµH 2
13. Option (A) is correct.
H
4. Option (B) is correct. Explanation: Fringe width, which is proportional
Explanation: 1
to , may grow too big when d is negligibly small.
Power = Energy evolved per fission d
× number of fission per second The entire screen may be covered by a single
= 200 × 1020 MeV/s fringe. As a result, the pattern cannot be found.
= (200 × 106)(1.6 × 10–19)(1020) J/s Hence, the assertion and reason both are true and
= 32 × 108 W the reason explains the assertion.
2 Oswaal CBSE Sample Question Papers, PHYSICS, Class-XII

14. Option (A) is correct. M2

Explanation: A diode must face both the positive M'1
Incident
and negative sides of the alternating voltage while wavefront Reflected
being employed as a rectifier. C D
wavefront
The reverse breakdown voltage of the diode M1
N N' M'2
is defined, and care is made to ensure that
the amplitude of the negative half cycle of the i r
A i r F
alternating voltage does not exceed that value. X Y
Thus, the assertion is true.
When employed as a rectifier, typical p-n junction XY is the reflecting surface.
diodes have a high reverse breakdown voltage. AC is the incident wavefront.
Reverse voltage that is greater than this stated DF is the reflected wavefront.
break down voltage irreversibly damages the
M1A and M2F are the perpendiculars to incident
diode. Hence the reason is also true and explains
wavefront and are incident rays.
the assertion.
M′1A and M′2F are the perpendiculars to reflected
15. Option (D) is correct. wavefront and are reflected rays.
Explanation: Gauss's law does not follow inverse NA and N′A are perpendiculars on the reflecting
square law. So, the assertion is false. surface at the points of incidence.
Gauss's law is not a consequence of conservation \ M1AN = Angle of incidence
of charges. Hence, the reason is also false. \ M′2FN′ = Angle of reflection
16. Option (B) is correct. \ CAF = 90° – ∠NAC
Explanation: Diffraction is the propagation of = ∠M1AC – ∠NAC
waves around an obstruction. It occurs with = ∠M1AN
all different forms of waves (mechanical, non- = ∠i
mechanical, transverse, and longitudinal). The Similarly, ∠AFD = ∠r
assertion is true. Now in ∆AFC and ∆AFD
When the wave's wavelength and the dimension ∠FCA = ∠ADF = 90°
of diffracting device are comparable, diffraction is CF = AD [Since, Time taken by light to travel C to F
detectable. Hence the reason is also true but it does is equal to the time taken to travel A to D]
not explain the assertion. AF is the common side.
So, the triangles are congruent.
Section – B \ ∠CAF = ∠AFD
i.e., ∠i = ∠r
17.
In Germanium diodes the reverse saturation
current is in micro-ampere order. But in Silicon Thus law of reflection is proved.
diodes the reverse saturation current is in nano- 20. (i) Enet = E1 – E2 = 100 –10 = 190 V
ampere order. Hence, behavior of Silicon diodes are
Enet 190
more close to ideal diode. Hence, Silicon diodes are Current in the given circuit: I = = = 5A
Req 38
more preferable than Germanium diodes.
18. Given:Retarding potential = 3.3 V, frequency at (ii) The current flowing through galvanometer is zero
which photoelectron emission starts = 8 × 1014 Hz in a balanced wheat stone bridge.
Work function = W = hn0 (h = Planck’s constant, 21. Given: Angular width decreases by 30%, l = 6000 Å
n0 = frequency) 2l
Angular width 2q =
6.63 ´ 10 -14 ´ 8 ´ 1014 d
= eV
1.6 ´ 10 -19 New angular width = 0.70 × 2q
= 3.315 eV Or l′ = 0.7 × 2l/d
Here, hn = W + eV Or, l′ = 0.7 × 6000Å
= (3.315 + 3.3) eV = 6.615 \ l′ = 4200Å
6.615 ´ 1.6 ´ 10 -19 OR
\ n=
6.63 ´ 10 -34 (i) (a) The wavefront generated from a line source is a
cylindrical wavefront.
n = 1.596 × 1015 Hz
(b) The wave-front that emerges from a point
19. A wave-front is a surface with a fixed phase. source is spherical.
Secondary wavelets emanating from various When the source is so far away that it is thought
locations on the wave-front allow the wave to to be at infinity, the wave-front is therefore a
travel perpendicular to it. plane wave-front.
 Answers 3
(ii) Since, the wavelength differs, there will be no
Incident wavefront M2
interference fringe.
Medium 1 1
Section – C v 1 M1 N
Incident
wavefront
22.(i) Limitation of Bohr's atomic model: C
(a) It can not explain the line spectrum of multi
electron atoms. i v1t
(b) This model fails to explain Zeeman effect and i
Stark effect. Y
Medium 2 A r F
(ii) n = antineutrino is the elementary particle emitted v2 r v2t
r
along with proton and electron in nuclear reaction. N'
v2 > v1 M'2
p+ = proton e– = electron n° = free neutron D Refracted wavefront
n° ® p + + e - + n (b- decay) 2

23. (i) The torque on a dipole is given: M'1

t = pE sin q (p = dipole moment, E = electric field)
Integrate the work done from q1 to q2 to find the AB is the plane wavefront incident on XY, the plane
work done: of separation of two media.
Medium 1 is denser. Velocity of light = v1.
q2
W= òq1
pE sin q Medium 2 is rarer. Velocity of light = v2.
When wavelet from C reaches F, by that time
= pE(cos q1 – cos q2) ...(i) wavelet from A reaches D.
So, AD = v2t and CF = v1t
According to the question q1 = 0° & q2 = 180° M1A and M2F are the perpendiculars to the incident
On Substituting the values, in above equation 1 waveform and are the incident rays.
W = pE(cos 0° – cos 180°) M′1A and M′2F are the perpendiculars to the
refracted waveform and are the refracted rays.
= pE (1 + 1) = 2pE ∠M1AN = angle of incidence
(ii) Equipotential surfaces for an electric dipole: ∠M′2FN′ = angle of refraction
∠CAF = 90° – ∠NAC
= ∠M1AC – ∠NAC
= ∠M1AN
= ∠i
+ – Similarly, ∠AFD = ∠r
In ∆ACF,
CF v1t
sin i = =
AF AF

In ∆ADF,
24. The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence in sin r =
AD v2t
=
medium 1 to the sine of the angle of refraction AF AF
in medium 2 represents the refractive index of v1
sin i
medium 2 in relation to medium 1. ∴ = = constant = 1m2
sin r v 2
Refractive index of medium 2 with respect to
This is Snell’s law.
medium 1:
sin i
25. (i) Between A and C points three resistors each of
1μ2 = value R are connected in parallel.
sin r
R
RAC =
Velocity of light in medium 1 3
=
Velocity of light in medium 2
Between C and B points three resistors each of
Verification of Snell's law of refraction when a value R are connected in parallel.
plane wavefront is propagating from a denser to a R
RBC =
rarer medium: 3
 4 Oswaal CBSE Sample Question Papers, PHYSICS, Class-XII

R C R
B R R According to the conservation of energy in Lenz's
A
R R A R C R B A
Law,A whenever there is relative motion between a
R B
R R coil and aB magnet, a force arises that opposes this
R/3 R/3 2R/3
R R motion. As a result, to sustain the relative motion,
R C R mechanical work must be performed, which is then
A B R R
converted into electric energy in the coil. Therefore,
R R A R C R B A A
R B B Lenz's law is founded on the principle of energy
R R
R/3 R/3 2R/3 conservation.
R R

These two R/3 resistors are connected in series. 27. (i) Frequency of incident radiaton
Hence, the equivalent resistance between A and B n = 6.4 × 1014 Hz
is 2R/3. Energy of the incident radiation,
(ii) For very low resistance measurement, the value of E = hn = 6.6 × 10–34 × 6.4 × 1014
unknown resistance becomes almost equal to the = 42.24 × 10–20J
resistance of the connecting wires and hence, errors
(ii) KEmax = hn – f0
may creep into the measurement.
\ KEmax = 42.24 × 10–20 – 2.31 × 1.6 × 10–19
For very high value resistance measurement, the
current through the branch becomes very low and = 5.28 × 10–20 J
hence it becomes difficult to find the null point (iii) If stopping potential = VS, then
(zero deflection of the galvanometer). eVS = KEmax
For these reasons, very high and very low resistance KEmax
cannot be measured correctly by using Wheatstone \ VS =
e
bridge.
5.28 ´ 10 -20
26. Lenz’s law: According to this law, the direction of =
1.6 ´ 10 -19
an induced current in a closed circuit is always in
such a way as to create a magnetic field that opposes = 3.3 × 10–1 = 0.33 V
the change that caused it. For instance, when the
north pole of a magnet is brought near a closed
28. The angular width of the central maximum in a
single slit diffraction pattern can be expressed as
coil, the induced current in the coil will flow in a
direction that creates a magnetic field that opposes 2l
2q =
the approaching north pole. Consequently, the side a
of the coil facing the magnet will behave as a north (i) The angular width of the central maximum in
pole, requiring an anticlockwise current flow in the a single slit diffraction pattern is proportional
coil when observed from the side of the magnet. to the wavelength of the light used. When
comparing orange light, which has a longer
wavelength, to green light, which has a shorter
wavelength, the angular width of the central
maximum will be greater when orange light is
used instead of green light.
(ii) The angular width of the central maximum in a
single slit diffraction pattern remains constant
regardless of the distance between the slit and
the screen. Therefore, if the screen is moved
Similarly, when the north pole of a magnet is closer to the slit, there will be no change in the
moved away from a coil, the induced current in the angular width of the central maximum.
coil will flow in a direction that creates a magnetic 1
(iii) Angular width of central maxima µ
field that attracts the magnet. As a result, the side slit width
of the coil facing the magnet will behave as a south
pole, leading to a clockwise current flow in the coil So, if the slit width is decreased, the angular width
when observed from the side of the magnet. of the central maxima will increase.
OR
(i) Both the Maxwell's electromagnetic theory and
Huygens' wave theory consider light as a wave
phenomenon. However, they differ in their
explanation of how light propagates. According
to the Maxwell's electromagnetic theory, light is a
transverse wave and can propagate through empty
space without the need for a medium. In contrast,
Huygens' wave theory suggests that light is a

longitudinal wave and a medium is required for
the propagation of light waves. To account for this,
Huygens introduced the concept of a hypothetical
medium called "ether" through which light waves
were assumed to travel even in a vacuum. But later
this idea was discarded.
(ii) The angle formed between the incident wavefront
and the interface is known as the angle of incidence
of light.
Section – D
29. (i) Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: In the triboelectric series,
materials are arranged in a ranking order
based on their tendency to either gain or lose
electrons. Specifically, the materials are ranked
from high to low according to their tendency
to lose electrons, which corresponds to their
tendency to become positively charged.
(ii) Option (D) is correct.
Explanation: Materials located in the middle of
the triboelectric series, such as steel and wood,
exhibit a relatively balanced or moderate
tendency to either give up or accept electrons.
They do not demonstrate a strong inclination
towards either gaining or losing electrons.
(iii) Option (C) is correct.
Explanation: Due to its position towards the
upper portion of the triboelectric series, human
hair tends to lose electrons and becomes
positively charged. On the other hand, amber,
which is positioned towards the lower portion
of the series, has a tendency to accept electrons
and becomes negatively charged.
OR
Option (A) is correct.
Explanation: Triboelectric charging refers to
the phenomenon of electron transfer that
occurs when two objects make contact with
each other and then separate. It is the process
by which electrons are transferred between the
objects due to the friction or contact-induced
interaction between them.
(iv) Option (C) is correct.
Explanation: During the process of triboelectric
charging, it is observed that one of the two
objects involved gains electrons and acquires
a negative charge, while the other object loses
electrons and obtains a positive charge.
30.
(i) Option (D) is correct.
Explanation: In a power plant, a step-up
transformer is utilized to amplify the voltage of
generated power by a significant magnitude,
often in the thousands of volts. This is done
to facilitate the transmission of electricity
over long distances through high-voltage
transmission power lines.
At substations, the incoming power undergoes
a voltage reduction through step-down
transformers. This is done to decrease the
Answers 5
voltage level and make it suitable for efficient
distribution to nearby end-users in high
volumes.
(ii) Option (D) is correct.
Explanation: Superconducting materials
possess the remarkable ability to conduct
electricity without any resistance. This
unique property eliminates the occurrence
of line losses, resulting in highly efficient
transmission of electricity through cables. By
utilizing superconducting cables, it becomes
possible to transmit a significantly larger
amount of electrical power compared to
conventional cables. Furthermore, the use of
superconducting cables can eliminate the need
for expensive transformers, making the overall
power distribution system more cost-effective.
(iii) Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: In a generating station, it is
common practice to step up the voltage to a
level in the range of thousands of volts. This
is because power losses in a system increase
exponentially with the square of the current. By
maintaining a high voltage, the corresponding
current can be kept low, resulting in minimized
power losses.
(iv) Option (A) is correct.
Explanation: During operation, transformers
generate heat which needs to be dissipated
to prevent overheating. To achieve efficient
cooling, oil is commonly used as a coolant
in transformers. The oil absorbs the heat
generated by the transformer and facilitates its
transfer through convection to the surrounding
transformer housing, ensuring proper heat
dissipation.
OR
Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: The flush point of transformer
oil is a critical parameter that indicates the
temperature at which the oil can ignite
spontaneously. It is essential for the flush point
to be as high as possible, preferably not less
than 160°C, to ensure safety and prevent any
potential risks of oil ignition.
Section – E
13.6
31. (i) En = - eV
n2
So, energy level – 1.51eV corresponds to n = 3
And energy level – 3.4eV corresponds to n = 2
So, electron transfer takes place from n = 3 to
n = 2. Radiation emitted corresponds to Balmer
series.
1 é1 1ù
\ = Rê 2 - 2 ú
l ë2 3 û
\ λ = 6563Å
(ii) Binding energy of p
= 240 × 7.6 MeV =1824 MeV
 6 Oswaal CBSE Sample Question Papers, PHYSICS, Class-XII

Q heavy nucleus f = |E| A cos q

= 110 × 8.5 MeV = 935 MeV f = 5 × 103 × (0.01) cos 0°
Binding energy of R = 5 × 103 × (0.01)
= 130 × 8.4 MeV = 1092 MeV = 50 N-m2/C
Energy released = [(935 + 1092) – 1824] MeV
Therefore, the flux when the square's plane is
= [2027 – 1824] MeV parallel to the YZ-plane is 50 N-m2 /C.
= 203 MeV When the plane makes a 30° angle with the x axis
(iii) The mass defect is the difference of mass of all the then, θ = 60°.
nucleons and the mass of the nucleus.
Again, substituting the values in the equation,
OR
j = 5 × 103 × 0.01 × cos 60°
(i) Isotopes Isobars = 25 N-m2/C
Isotopes have the Isobars have the Therefore, the flux when the plane of the square
same atomic number same mass number makes an angle 30° with x-axis is 50 N-m2 /C.
but different mass but different atomic qenclosed
numbers. numbers. (iii) Electric flux, f =
e0
Isotopes of an element Isobars of elements
So, flux is not affected by radius of the Gaussian
are placed in the same are placed at different
surface.
place as that of the places in the periodic
OR
element in the periodic table.
(i) Given, surface charge density is 4 × 10–6 C/m2 and
table. the mass of the particle is 5 × 10–6 g.
The physical properties The physical properties s
of isotopes are different. of isobars are nearly the The electric field, E =
2e0
The chemical properties same.
of isotopes are the The chemical properties 4 ´ 10 -6
= -12
same. of isobars are different. 2(8.85 ´ 10 )
= 2.26 × 105 N/C
(ii) No, two nuclei are only considered to be isotopes if
Therefore, the electric field is 2.26 × 105 N/C
they share the same atomic number.
(iii) Since, the atomic number decreases. Therefore, the The electric force qE acts in the upward direction if
particles X will be electron. the particle is given a charge q. The particle's weight
is balanced by this force, F = qE.
22
Na + ( 0-1 e - ) ® 22
10 Ne + n e
11 The force F is downward force. So, mg = qE.
( -01 e - ) is beta particle (electron) Substitute the values into the formula,

(5 × 10–6)(9.8) = q(2.26 × 105)
32. (i) The total electric flux through a closed Gaussian
surface is provided by Gauss’ theorem, (5 ´ 10 -6 )(9.8)
q q=
f= (2.26 ´ 10 5 )
e0
= 2.2 × 10–10 C
Substituting the values of j = –3 × 10–14 and
e0 = 8.85 × 10–12 F/m we get Therefore, charge applied is 2.21 × 10–10 C.
q (ii) It is not feasible to construct a symmetric Gaussian
–3 × 10–14 =
8.85 ´ 10 -12 surface that completely encloses a charged cube,
q = (–3 × 10–14) × (8.85 × 10–12) which makes it challenging to calculate the electric
q = 2.655 × 10–25 C field using Gauss' law. The charge distribution
Therefore, the magnitude of point charge is of a cube appears asymmetric from any chosen
–2.655 × 10–25 C. Gaussian surface, resulting in fluctuating electric
(ii) The given value of electric field intensity is field values. Hence, Gauss' law cannot be applied to
|E| = 5 × 103 N/C determine the electric field of a charged cube.
The length of one side of the square is 10 cm or (iii) According to the Gauss theorem,
0.1 m. So, the area of the square will be 0.01 m2. The
plane of the square is parallel to the YZ-plane. So, qenclosed
f=
θ = 0°. e0

Substituting |E| = 5 × 103 N/C Thus, electric flux depends upon the charge
A = 0.01 m2 and q = 0°
enclosed and the permittivity of the medium.
 Answers 7
33. (i) (ii) In a radial magnetic field, the rectangular coil
maintains two sides that are parallel to the magnetic
F1 D field lines, while the other two sides remain
perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. This
characteristic remains consistent for all positions of
B the coil within the magnetic field.
θ
F4 (iii) Given resistance of galvanometer (G) = 100 Ω
I External resistance (S) = 0.1 Ω
A
B Current for maximum deflection (IG) = 100 µA
I g ( G + S)
I i=
S
100 ´ 10 -6 (100 + 0.1)
B =
C 0.1

F3 i = 100.1 mA
B (iv) In order for a galvanometer to function as a voltmeter,
θ its inherent resistance needs to be increased. Since
I
the coil in the galvanometer has a low resistance, it
B is necessary to increase the resistance to transform
F2 it into a voltmeter. This is achieved by connecting
an appropriate high resistance in series with the
galvanometer.
A rectangular current carrying loop is placed in a
 OR
magnetic field B. (i) Since, we know the force per unit length on two
AD = BC = b m I I
infinitely current-carrying wires is given by 0 a b .
AB = CD = l 2 pd
where Ia is current flowing through wire A and Ib by
Current I flowing through the loop.
wire A2 and d is the distance between parallel wires.
Loop is making an angle θ with the direction of
magnetic field.
Force acting on DA,
F1 = IbB sin (90°+θ)
= IbB cos θ
It will be acting in the upward direction.
Similarly force acting on BC,
F2 = IbB cos θ
It will be acting in the downward direction.
So, net resultant force of F1 and F2 is zero.
 Now, force per unit length on wire A3 due to A1
AB being perpendicular to B., force on AB is,
m0 I ´ 1.5I
F3 = IlB sin 90° = BIl (F1) = (in –ve x-direction) ...(i)
2 px
It will be acting perpendicular outward to the plane
And, force per unit length on wire A3 due to A2
of the paper.
m0 2 I ´ 1.5I
Similarly force acting on CD, (F2) = (in +ve x-direction)...(ii)
2 p( d - x )
F3 = BIl
It will be acting perpendicular inward to the plane So, net force on A3 to be zero, both the forces should
of the paper. be equal.
These two forces are equal and opposite and lines m0 I ´ 1.5I m0 2 I ´ 15I
Therefore, =
of action are different. Hence, they will constitute 2 px 2 p( d - x )
a torque.
Or, 2x = d – x
Perpendicular distance between the forces = b sin q. 3x = d
So, torque = t = BIl × b sin θ d
So, x=
Or, t = BIAsin θ 3
If there are N number of turns in the loop, then The net force acting on A3 is zero only when current
t = NBIAsin θ through is 1.5 I. So, it depends on the current
8 Oswaal CBSE Sample Question Papers, PHYSICS, Class-XII

flowing through it. Net force

(ii) Given, I1 = 2A m0 ´ 2 ´ 1 ´ 20 ´ 10 -2 m0 ´ 2 ´ 1 ´ 20 ´ 10 -2
= -2
-
I2 = 1A 2 p ´ 10 ´ 10 2 p ´ 30 ´ 10 -2
d1 = 10 cm = 5.3 × 10–7 N

d2 = 30 cm Commonly Made Error

m 0 I1I 2l
F= Student make mistake when calculating the
2 pd
force per unit length between two infinitely
Force on AB, current-carrying wires is that they fail to take
into account the force's direction.
m0 ´ 2 ´ 1 ´ 20 ´ 10 -2
FAB =
2 p ´ 10 ´ 10 -2 Answering Tip
Force on CD,
The force between the wires is perpendicular to
m0 ´ 2 ´ 1 ´ 20 ´ 10 -2 the current direction in each wire and depends
FCD = on the relative orientations of the wires.
2 p ´ 30 ´ 10 -2

qqq