GENERAL PHYSICS 1 (EXERCISE)

Chapter 6+7:
Electrostatic field &
Electric Field in Material
Lecturer:
Le Nhat Tan, M.E
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science,
Ho Chi Minh University of Technology - Vietnam National University.
Email: lenhattan@hcmut.edu.vn 1
Contents
1. Coulomb’s Law
2. Electric field
3. Gauss’s Law
4. Electric Potential
5. Capacitance
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 Coulomb’s law
Electric Force
• Coulomb force:

𝑚 2
𝑘𝑒 = 8.9876 × 109 𝑁. 2
𝐶
1
𝑘𝑒 =
4𝜋𝜀0
𝐶2
𝜀0 : permittivity of free space ( 2 )
𝑁.𝑚
𝑚2
𝑘𝑒 : Coulomb Constant (𝑁. 2 )
𝐶
𝑟 : distance between 2 charged
particles (m) 3
Coulomb’s law
Electric Force: Example

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Coulomb’s law
Electric Force: Exercises

2. Particles 1, with charge q1, and 2, with charge q2, are on the x axis,
with particle 1 at x = a and particle 2 at x = −2a. For the net force on a
third charged particle, at the origin, to be zero, q1 and q2 must be related
by q2 =..?

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Coulomb’s law
Electric Force: Exercises

Answer: -45 µC

2. Particles 1, with charge q1, and 2, with charge q2, are on the x axis,
with particle 1 at x = a and particle 2 at x = −2a. For the net force on a
third charged particle, at the origin, to be zero, q1 and q2 must be related
by q2 =..?
Answer: 4q1
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Coulomb’s law
Electric Force: Homework

Answer: 0.872 N at 330°

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Coulomb’s law
Electric Force: Homework

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Electric Field Due to a Charged Particle
• Electric Field due to a charged particle:

• Electric Field due to charged particles:

*𝐸: Electric field (𝑵/𝑪)

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Electric Field Due to Charged Particles:
Example
Charges q1 and q2 are located on the x axis, at distances a and b, respectively, from the
origin as shown in Figure 23.12.
(A) Find the components of the net electric field at the point P, which is at position (0, y).
(B) Find the electric field due to the electric dipole when point P is a distance y >> a=b
from the origin, and q1 = q2.

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Electric Field Due to Charged Particles:
Exercises

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Electric Field Due to Charged Particles:
Exercises

Answer: 5.6 × 10-11 C

Answer: 1.11 × 10-10 C

Answer: x = -30 cm
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A Point Charge in an Electric Field
Example

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A Point Charge in an Electric Field
Exercises
1. An electron enters the region of a uniform electric field as shown in
Figure, with vi = 3.106 m/s and E = 200 N/C. The horizontal length of the
plates is l = 0.100 m.
(A) Find the acceleration of the electron while it is in the electric field.
(B) Assuming the electron enters the field at time t = 0, find the time at which
it leaves the field.

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A Point Charge in an Electric Field
Exercises
1. An electron enters the region of a uniform electric field as shown in
Figure, with vi = 3.106 m/s and E = 200 N/C. The horizontal length of the
plates is l = 0.100 m.
(A) Find the acceleration of the electron while it is in the electric field.
(B) Assuming the electron enters the field at time t = 0, find the time at which
it leaves the field. Answer: a) -3.51 × 1013 m/s2
b) 3.33 3 10-8 s

Answer: 3.51 × 1015 m/s2

Answer: (a) 0.0102 N/C

(b) –x direction 15
Electric Field of a Continuous Charged
Distribution
• Electric Field of a Continuous Charged Distribution:

• If a charge Q is uniformly distributed, the charge density is defined by:

𝑄 𝑄 𝑄
𝜌≡ 𝐶/𝑚3 ;σ≡ 𝐶/𝑚2 ; λ≡ 𝐶/𝑚
𝑉 𝐴 𝑙

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Electric Field of a Continuous Charged Distribution
The Electric Field Due to a Charged Rod

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Electric Field of a Continuous Charged Distribution
The Electric Field of a Uniform Ring of Charge

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Electric Field of a Continuous Charged Distribution
The Electric Field of a Uniformly Charged Disk

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Electric Field of a Continuous Charged Distribution
Homework
A rod AB of length L is uniformly charged with a linear
density λ > 0. Find the electric field at a point M lying
on the line perpendicular to the rod, passing through
its center, at a distance R from it.
Solution
Divide the rod into many segments, each of length dl, charge dq
= λdl, and position l. 𝑑𝐸𝑦 = 𝑑𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
λdl
𝑑𝐸𝑦 = 𝑘 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
𝑟2
We have: 𝑙 = 𝑅. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼
𝑅
→ 𝑑𝑙 = 𝑑𝛼
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼
𝑅
Moreover: 𝑟 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
𝑘λ −𝛼1 2𝑘λ
→ 𝐸 = න 𝑑𝐸𝑦 = න 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼. 𝑑𝛼 → 𝐸 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼
𝑅 𝛼1 𝑅 20
Electric Field of a Continuous Charged Distribution
Exercises

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Electric Field of a Continuous Charged Distribution
Exercises

Answer: 6.23 × 103 N/C

Answer: 5 × 10-6 C/m Answer: (a) 2.16 x 107 N/C

(b) to the left
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Electric Field of a Continuous Charged Distribution
Exercises

2. A uniformly charged ring of radius 10.0 cm has a total

charge of 75.0 micro-C. Find the electric field on the axis
of the ring at (a) 1.00 cm and (b) 30.0 cm from the center
of the ring.

3 (Hard). A thin rubber rod, charged uniformly, is shaped

into an arc with radius R and angle1200. The electric force
due to the arc on a point charge q at its center is 5 N. If half
of the arc is cut off, the force on q is:

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Electric Field of a Continuous Charged Distribution
Exercises
Answer: (a) 1.59 x 106 N/C
(b) toward the rod

Answer: (a) 6.64 x 106 N/C

2. A uniformly charged ring of radius 10.0 cm has a total away from the center of the ring
charge of 75.0 micro-C. Find the electric field on the axis (b) 6.39 x 106 N/C
of the ring at (a) 1.00 cm and (b) 30.0 cm from the center away from the center of the ring
of the ring.

3 (Hard). A thin rubber rod, charged uniformly, is shaped

into an arc with radius R and angle1200. The electric force
(N)
due to the arc on a point charge q at its center is 5 N. If half
of the arc is cut off, the force on q is:

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Gauss’s Law
Electric Flux
• Electric flux through an element: • Gauss’s Law:

• Electric flux through all elements:

The net flux through any closed surface
surrounding a point charge q is given by q/𝜺0 and
is independent of the shape of that surface.

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Gauss’s Law
Electric Flux: Example
• Electric flux through a cube:
A spherical gaussian surface surrounds a
point charge q. Describe what happens to
the total flux through the surface if
(A) the charge is tripled
The flux through the surface is tripled.
(B) the radius of the sphere is doubled
The flux does not change
(C) the surface is changed to a cube
The flux does not change
(D) the charge is moved to another
location inside the surface.
The flux does not change
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Gauss’s Law
Electric Flux: Exercises

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Gauss’s Law
Electric Flux: Exercises
Answer: -1.5 × 10-2 N·m2 /C

Answer: 2 × 105 N·m2 /C

Answer:
(a) 0
(b) -3.92 N·m2 /C
(c) 0
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Gauss’s Law
Electric Field: Exercises

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Gauss’s Law
Electric Flux: Exercises

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 Gauss’s Law
Electric Field of A Spherically Symmetric Charge Distribution
An insulating solid sphere of radius a has a uniform
volume charge density r and carries a total positive
charge Q.
A) Calculate the magnitude of the electric B) Find the magnitude of the electric
field at a point outside the sphere. field at a point inside the sphere.

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Gauss’s Law
Electric Field of A Cylindrically Symmetric Charge Distribution
Find the electric field a distance r from a line of the positive charge of
infinite length and constant charge per unit length lambda.

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Gauss’s Law
Electric Field of A Plan of Charge
Find the electric field due to an infinite plane of
positive charge with uniform surface charge
density sigma.

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 Gauss’s Law
Electrostatic Equilibrium, Electric field of A Sphere Inside a
Spherical Shell

• The conductor is in electrostatic equilibrium ->

electric field is zero everywhere inside the
conductor

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 Gauss’s Law
Exercises
1. A solid insulating sphere of radius a carries a net positive charge
3Q uniformly distributed throughout its volume. Concentric with this
sphere is a conducting spherical shell with inner radius b and outer
radius c, and having a net charge –Q. If Q= 3 μC, a= 1 cm, b= 1.9 cm,
c= 2.2 cm. Calculate the Electric field at the distance of:

a) 0.7 cm from the center of the system.

b) 2 cm from the center of the system.

2. The surface density on the copper sphere is σ. The electric field

strength on the surface of the sphere is

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 Gauss’s Law
Exercises
1. A solid insulating sphere of radius a carries a net positive charge
3Q uniformly distributed throughout its volume. Concentric with this
sphere is a conducting spherical shell with inner radius b and outer
radius c, and having a net charge –Q. If Q= 3 μC, a= 1 cm, b= 1.9 cm,
c= 2.2 cm. Calculate the Electric field at the distance of:
a) 0.7 cm from the center of the system. Answer: 5,67.108 N/C
b) 2 cm from the center of the system. Answer: 0
2. The surface density on the copper sphere is σ. The electric field
strength on the surface of the sphere is
Answer: E = σ/ε0
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Gauss’s Law
Exercises

Answer: 508 kN/C up

Answer: 𝑬 = 𝝆𝒓/𝟐𝜺𝟎

Answer: (a) 0
(b) 7.99 x 107 N/C (outward)
(c) 0
(d) 7.34 x 106 N/C (outward)

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Gauss’s Law
Quiz

1. Which one of the following graphs shows the variation of electric field
strength E with distance r from the centre of a hollow conducting sphere?

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Gauss’s Law
Quiz

1. Which one of the following graphs shows the variation of electric field
strength E with distance r from the centre of a hollow conducting sphere?

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Electric Potential
Electric Potential & Potential Difference
• Electric Potential: • Work done:

• Potential Difference:
Unit:
• Electric potential:
𝑉: 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡 (1 𝑉 = 1 𝐽/𝐶)
• Electric field:
*ds: displacement vector 1 𝑉/𝑚 ≡ 1 𝑁/𝐶
d: displacement
• Work of electric force:
1 eV = 1 .6 × 10−19 𝐽
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Electric Potential
Electric Potential & Potential Difference: Example 1

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Electric Potential
Electric Potential & Potential Difference: Example 2

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Electric Potential
Exercises

1. Two charged particles, with q1= -2q, q2= -3q, q= 2 C, have the same distance 3
cm from the origin. What is the potential energy of this pair of charges?

2. The potential difference between two points is 250V. If a particle with a charge
of 4 C is transported from one of these points to the other, the magnitude of the
work done by the field is:

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Electric Potential
Exercises
1. Two charged particles, with q1= -2q, q2= -3q, q= 2 C, have the same distance 3
cm from the origin. What is the potential energy of this pair of charges?

Answer: 5.09 x 1012 J

2. The potential difference between two points is 250V. If a particle with a charge
of 4 C is transported from one of these points to the other, the magnitude of the
work done by the field is:

Answer: 1000 J

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Electric Potential
Electric Potential Due to Continuous Charge Distribution
• Electric Potential:

• In vector notation:

*Gradient operator
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Electric Potential
Electric Potential Due to a Uniformly Charged Ring
• A rod of length l, located along the x-axis has a total charge Q and a
uniform linear charge density lambda. Find the electric potential
at a point P located on the y-axis a distance a from the origin

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Electric Potential
Electric Potential Due to a Uniformly Charged Ring
• Find an expression for the electric potential at a point P located on
the perpendicular central axis of a uniformly charged ring of radius
a and total charge Q

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Electric Potential
Electric Potential Due to a Uniformly Charged Disk
A uniformly charged disk has radius R and surface charge density sigma.
Find the electric potential at a point P along the perpendicular central
axis of the disk

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Electric Potential
Electric Potential Due to a Charged Conductor
• Potential & Potential Difference inside a conductor:
𝑄
𝑉= 𝑘𝑒 ;
𝑅

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Electric Potential
Due to Continuous Charge Distribution: Exercises

1. The potential associated with an electric field is defined by .

What is the Electric field of the field? 𝐸 = ? 𝑗Ԧ+? 𝑘

2. A solid sphere of radius R = 5 cm is made of non-conducting material and

carries a total negative charge Q = -20 C. The charge is uniformly distributed
throughout the interior of the sphere. What is the magnitude of the electric
potential V at a distance r = 7 cm from the center of the sphere, given that the
potential is zero at r = ∞ ?

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Electric Potential
Due to Continuous Charge Distribution: Exercises

1. The potential associated with an electric field is defined by .

What is the Electric field of the field?
2 𝑉
Answer: 𝐸 = 5 − 2𝑦 2 𝑧 𝑗Ԧ − 𝑦 3 𝑘 ( )
3 𝑚

2. A solid sphere of radius R = 5 cm is made of non-conducting material and carries

a total negative charge Q = -20 C. The charge is uniformly distributed throughout
the interior of the sphere. What is the magnitude of the electric potential V at a
distance r = 7 cm from the center of the sphere, given that the potential is zero at r
=∞?

Answer: V = -2.57 × 1012 V

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Electric Potential
Exercises

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Electric Potential
Exercises

Answer: (a) -38.9 V

(b) the origin

Answer: -0.48 x 106 V

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Capacitance
Capacitance & Energy of a Capacity
Capacitance of a Capacity: Energy Stored in a Charged
Capacitor:

Unit of Capacitance: Energy Density

𝐹𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑑 (𝐹)

1 𝐹 = 1 𝐶/𝑉
N/m2
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Capacitance
Capacitance of a Capacity
Series Combination : Parallel Combination:

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Capacitance
Capacitance of a Capacity: Example
Find the equivalent capacitance between a
and b for the combination of capacitors shown
in Figure. All capacitances are in microfarads.

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SUMMARY
Relationship between electric force (F), electric Electric field at a point:
field (E), electric potential (V) and potential
energy (U): 𝑑𝑞
𝐸=න 2
𝑞1 𝑞2 𝑟
𝐹 = 𝑘 2 (𝑁)
𝑟 Electric field through Gauss's surface:
𝐹 𝑞 𝑁 𝑉
𝐸= =𝑘 2 𝑜𝑟 𝑞𝑖𝑛
𝑞 𝑟 𝐶 𝑚 ර 𝐸𝑑𝑠 =
𝜀0
𝑞 𝑑𝑞
𝑉 = 𝐸. 𝑟 = 𝑘 = න 𝑘 𝑉 Electric field equation (gradient
𝑟 𝑟
operator):
𝑈 = 𝑞𝑉 = 𝐹. 𝑟 (𝐽 𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑉) 𝐸 = −∇𝑉
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References
[1] Fundamentals of Physics Extended 9th-HQ-Halliday.

[2] General Physics 1 Exercises Lecture, Ph.D. Nguyen Trung Hau

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