Assignment # 3
Topic
Parallelism
Course Code: GE-105
Course Title: Functional English
Submitted To: Ma’am Rozina Shamas
Submitted By: Sheikh Muneeb Adnan, Abdullah Afzal Chaudhry, Laiba Bajwa,
Noor Fatima, Areeba Arif, Hassan Amjad, Anza Imtiaz, Mahnoor Akhtar,
Imtishal, M Haris Khan
Roll No: 053, 069,042,007,068, 016, and 021,080,176,084
Class: 1st semester
Section: A
Department: Computer Science
Parallelism:
Parallelism is a rhetorical and grammatical device in which
elements in a sentence or a series of sentences are structured in a
consistent and parallel manner, using similar grammatical forms or
patterns, to create clarity, coherence, and balance in
writing or speech.
Examples:
Consider the famous line from Julius Caesar by William
Shakespeare: "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears."
Here, the repetition of the noun phrase "Friends, Romans,
countrymen" creates a parallel structure, capturing the attention of
the audience and adding a powerful, memorable effect.
Another example is Martin Luther King Jr.'s iconic speech, where he
says, "I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in
a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but
by the content of their character." The repetition of the phrase "I
have a dream" throughout the speech adds emphasis, reinforces the
central theme, and creates a rhythmic pattern that resonates with
the listeners.
Parallelism can also be seen in song lyrics, such as in Beyoncé's
"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on it)" where she sings, "If you liked it
then you should have put a ring on it." The repetition of the phrase
"put a ring on it" creates a catchy and memorable parallel structure
that reinforces the main message of the song.
Predicate:The predicate is the part
Clause: A clause is a group of of the sentence that tells us what
words that has a subject and the subject is doing or what is
predicate for example "I love being said about the subject for
pizza" is a clause with the subject example " She is reading a
"I" and predicate "love pizza" book",the predicate is "is reading a
book."
Phrase: A phrase is group of words
that work together to convey a
Repitition: It can be a super useful
certain meaning but it dosenot
tool in writing. It helps reinforce
have a subject and predicate like
ideas , add emphasis and make
clauses does for example "the big
things stick in readers mind.
blue house" is a noun phrase and "
running the park" is a verb phrase.
Q: What are the merits of parallelism?
Ans: It brings balance and harmony to sentences, making them
more pleasing to read and easier to understand. By using
parallelism, we can create a sense of rhythm and flow of writing .It
also helps to emphasize key points and make your ideas more
memorable. Overall, parallelism is a powerful tool that enhances the
clarity and impact of your writing.
Errors:
Transitional devices can be used to introduce, connect, or transition
between parallel structures. They serve as signposts to indicate
how the ideas are related or how they are transitioning from one
point to another. For example, consider the sentence: "She enjoys
hiking, swimming, and cycling; moreover, she excels at each
activity." Here, "moreover" is a transitional device that signals the
addition of information, and the parallel structure in the list of
activities is maintained. Transitional devices can also be used to
show contrast within parallel structures. For instance, "She is both
intelligent and humble; however, she is not boastful." Here,
"however" introduces a contrast, and the parallelism in the
structure is maintained.
Transitional devices and parallelism:
Transitional devices and parallelism are both important elements in
writing and speaking, and they can be closely related, as
transitional devices often help maintain the flow and coherence of
parallel structures. Here's how they are connected:
1. *Transitional Devices*:
- Transitional devices are words or phrases that help connect and
guide the reader or listener through a text or speech.
- They include words like "therefore," "however," "in addition,"
"consequently," and "for example."
- Transitional devices are used to signal relationships between
ideas, show contrast, provide examples, and create a logical flow in
the text.
2. *Parallelism*:
- Parallelism, as mentioned earlier, involves using similar
grammatical structures in a series of words, phrases, or clauses.
- It helps create balance and rhythm in sentences and makes the
text easier to understand.
- Parallelism is often used when presenting a list of items,
contrasting ideas, or making a series of related points.
*The Relationship*:
- Transitional devices can be used to introduce, connect, or
transition between parallel structures. They serve as signposts to
indicate how the ideas are related or how they are transitioning
from one point to another.
- For example, consider the sentence: "She enjoys hiking,
swimming, and cycling; moreover, she excels at each activity."
Here, "moreover" is a transitional device that signals the addition of
information, and the parallel structure in the list of activities is
maintained.
- Transitional devices can also be used to show contrast within
parallel structures. For instance, "She is both intelligent and
humble; however, she is not boastful." Here, "however" introduces a
contrast, and the parallelism in the structure is maintained.
In summary, transitional devices play a vital role in guiding the
reader or listener through text that includes parallelism, ensuring
that the ideas are connected logically and coherently. They help to
maintain the flow and clarity of parallel structures in
writing and speech.
Conclusion:
Parallelism plays a crucial role in enhancing the clarity, rhythm and
impact of writing. By using parallel structure, the writer can create
balance and symmetry, making the content more engaging and
memorable. It adds rhythm, clarity and emphasis to the sentences,
making them easier to understand.
