CHAPTER 4 – COUNTING TECHNIQUES AND ELEMENTARY PROBABILITY

THEORY

TERMS DEFINITIONS REMARKS

PERMUTATION  Permutation is the arrangement of
items in which orders matters.
 Numbers of ways of selection and
arrangement of items in which orders
matters.
COMBINATION  Combination is the selection of items in
which order does not matters.
 Number of ways of selection of items in
which order does not matters.
 To calculate combinations, we will use
the formula nCr=n! / r! * (n – r)!, where
n represents the total number of items
being chosen at a time.
4.1 WHAT IS PROBABILITY?
PROBABILITY  Is a numerical measure between 0 and 1
that describes the likelihood that event
will occur.
 Probabilities closer to 1 indicate that the
event is more likely to occur.
 Probabilities closer to 0 indicate that the
event is less likely to occur.
LAW OF LARGE NUMBERS  In long run, as the sample size increases
and increases, the relative frequencies
of outcomes get closer to the theorical
(or actual) probability value.
STATISTICAL  A statistical experiment or statistical
EXPERIEMENT observation can be though of as any
random activity that results in definite
outcome.
EVENT  An event is a collection of one or more
outcomes of a statistical
SIMPLE EVENT  A simple is one
SUM  THE SUM OF THE PROBABILITIES OF ALL
SIMPLE EVENTS IN A SAMPLE SPACE
MUST EQUAL 1.