‫مهمه جداً أهم ملزمه‬

Medical microbiology
lec-3-

Dr:Rafal mohammed
 Staphylococci :‫المكورات العنقوديه‬

The Shape:
Staphylococci are spherical gram-positive cocci
and arranged in irregular grapelike clusters.
-It has two species :
• S. aureus(pathogenic)
• S. intermedius
(opportunistic)
• General properties:
• It's considered pathogenic bacteria to human .
• Aerobic
• It's tolerate high salt concentration (up to 9.5%
Nacl).
• It's relatively resistant to drying, heat .
- S.aureus produces a pigment called staphyloxanthin,
which imparts a golden color to its colonies.
• Most S aureus strains of clinical importance have
polysaccharide capsules.
• non-motile and do not forms spores.
• modes of Transmission:
• contaminated hands
• Sneezing
• Surgical wounds
• Contaminated food:
• - Custard pastries
• - Potato salad
• - Canned meats
 pathogensis
•

• S. aureus expresses many potential virulence factors.

• 1-Plasma coagulase is an enzyme that functions like
thrombin to convert fibrinogen into fibrin.
2-α-toxin can have lethal CNS effects.
• 3-Leukocidin damages microphages and macrophages by
degranulation.
• 4-Exfoliatins, Serine proteases
• 5-Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) : acts as a
“superantigen” to produce an inflammatory cascade .
• 6. Staphylokinase , Proteases, lipases, nucleases,
hyaluronatelyase, These extracellular enzymes cause tissue
destruction and , help in bacterial penetration into tissues.
• S .aureus is a major cause of hospital acquired
(nosocomial) infection of surgical wounds.
• Diseases:
• S.aureus can releas exotoxins that lead to
1.Gastroenteritis (food poisoning).
• 2.Toxic shock syndrome.
• 3.Scalded skin syndrome(SSS).

•
toxic shock syndrome

.
• It also invades organs and causes Pneumonia
• Meningitis ، Skin infections (Folliculitis, Pustule, Boil
(furuncle): e.g. Stye, Carbuncle, Impetigo, cellulites).
• Bacteremia/sepsis.
• Urinary tract infection.
• Bacteremia: it term mean presence bacteria in
blood.
• Septicemia:it term mean presence bacteria secreted
toxins in blood.
 Resistance to antibiotics
• S.aureus produces β-lactamase (penicillinase)
that degrades penicillins.
• Resistance to vancomycin (VRSA)
Staphyl

• Methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA)

• mecA and newly described mecC genes on
this locus encode a low-affinity penicillin-
binding protein (PBP2a) that is responsible for
the resistance.
 Case ‫مهم‬
• A student at the College of Medicine, University
of Baghdad, ate a burger sandwich with
mayonnaise, and after 4 hours the student began
complaining of stomach, intestine pain with
continous vomiting.
• 1.what is the name of this infection?
• 2.What is the agent causing to this infection?
• 3.Numerate the virulence factors of this agent?
• 4.Numerate the diseases of this caustive agent?