GENERAL SPECIFICATION

CIVIL WORKS

GS EP CIV 101

Earthworks

08 10/2019 EP version of Group Standard

07 05/2015 Organisation change
06 10/2014 General revision, Sec 3 and 4.4
05 10/2008 General review
04 10/2007 Update of references - Revision of § 4 and 5
03 10/2005 Addition of “EP” root to GS identification
02 10/2004 Revised & 2, 3.2.2
01 09/2003 Change of Group name and logo
00 03/2001 First issue
Rev. Date Purpose of the revision

Owning entity: DSO/IP/TEC Managing entity: DSO/IP/TEC/GEO

Other Approving entity(ies):

This document is the property of TOTAL S.A., it contains confidential information which may not be disclosed to any third party,
reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
The information contained in this document does not substitute for applicable laws and regulations.
This GS is the TOTAL E&P transposition of the TOTAL S.A. Harmonized GS referenced in §2
 General Specification GS EP CIV 101

Earthworks

Rev.: 08 Effective date: 10/2019 Page: 2 of 30

Contents

1. Scope ....................................................................................................................... 4

2. Reference documents............................................................................................. 4

3. Applicability............................................................................................................. 7

4. Definitions of terms ................................................................................................ 7

5. Scope of supply ...................................................................................................... 8

6. Safety ....................................................................................................................... 8

7. Design .................................................................................................................... 10
7.1 Geometrical survey ....................................................................................................... 10
7.2 Definition of platforms and levelling ............................................................................... 12
7.3 Drainage and dewatering .............................................................................................. 12

8. Site Preparation .................................................................................................... 13

8.1 Method statement ......................................................................................................... 13
8.2 Clearing and grubbing ................................................................................................... 14
8.3 Stripping........................................................................................................................ 14
8.4 Rough grading .............................................................................................................. 15
8.5 Common excavation ..................................................................................................... 15
8.6 Rock excavation............................................................................................................ 16
8.7 Stockpiling and spoils.................................................................................................... 16
8.8 Preparation for Roads, Railroads and Area Paving ....................................................... 16
8.9 Construction of drainage facilities ................................................................................. 16

9. Materials ................................................................................................................ 17
9.1 Fill Materials .................................................................................................................. 17
9.2 Compaction water ......................................................................................................... 20

10. Placement and compaction .............................................................................. 20

10.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 20
10.2 Top soil ......................................................................................................................... 22
10.3 Placement of ordinary backfilling material ..................................................................... 22
10.4 Common fill material ..................................................................................................... 22

This document is the property of TOTAL S.A., it contains confidential information which may not be disclosed to any third party,
reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
The information contained in this document does not substitute for applicable laws and regulations.
This GS is the TOTAL E&P transposition of the TOTAL S.A. Harmonized GS referenced in §2
 General Specification GS EP CIV 101

Earthworks

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10.5 Structural fill material..................................................................................................... 23

10.6 Crushed stone............................................................................................................... 23
10.7 Compaction................................................................................................................... 23
10.8 Compaction criteria ....................................................................................................... 25
10.9 Earthwork finishing ........................................................................................................ 25

11. Quality control ................................................................................................... 26

11.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 26
11.2 Material testing.............................................................................................................. 27
11.3 Field testing .................................................................................................................. 27

12. Tolerances .......................................................................................................... 28

12.1 Fill Material Quality Tolerance ....................................................................................... 28
12.2 Location and Alignment Tolerance ................................................................................ 29
12.3 Grading Tolerance ........................................................................................................ 29

This document is the property of TOTAL S.A., it contains confidential information which may not be disclosed to any third party,
reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
The information contained in this document does not substitute for applicable laws and regulations.
This GS is the TOTAL E&P transposition of the TOTAL S.A. Harmonized GS referenced in §2
 General Specification GS EP CIV 101

Earthworks

Rev.: 08 Effective date: 10/2019 Page: 4 of 30

1. Scope
This General Specification defines the minimum requirements for Site Preparation, Excavation,
and Backfilling.

2. Reference documents
This document is the TOTAL E&P transposition of the TOTAL S.A. Harmonized
GS GR CIV 100.
The reference documents listed below form an integral part of this General Specification.

Where there are national regulations, their particular requirements, and those of the standards
or codes to which they refer, shall be applied, supplementing or amending the provisions of this
document.

If there are no mandatory national regulations, international regulations, standards and codes
shall be applied.

If there are no applicable international standards and codes, the national standards and codes
shall meet all the following rules:
• Be chosen from the External Documents listed below, according to the projects in hand
• Be defined in the job specification.

In the absence of a specific exemption, duly justified by the Contractor and agreed by the
owner, codes and standards of different origins may not be used in whole or in part.

If certain points in the regulations need to be clarified, the Contractor shall deal with the
changes and/or additions to be made according to all the following requirements:
• Changes and/or additions to be described and justified
• Changes and/or additions to be adapted to the nature and environment of the structure
• Changes and/or additions to be considered acceptable only when they have been
examined and approved by the Company
• A definitive list of regulations, standards and codes, be proposed, taken from the
reference documents defined in this specification and the project’s job specification
• As only the main standards are mentioned, Contractor be responsible for compliance with
any secondary standards.

The list provided in this document should not be regarded as exhaustive.

Unless otherwise stipulated, the applicable version of these documents, including relevant
appendices and addendums, is the latest revision published at the effective date of this
document.

This document is the property of TOTAL S.A., it contains confidential information which may not be disclosed to any third party,
reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
The information contained in this document does not substitute for applicable laws and regulations.
This GS is the TOTAL E&P transposition of the TOTAL S.A. Harmonized GS referenced in §2
 General Specification GS EP CIV 101

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External Documents

Reference Title

ASTM C117 Standard Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-μm (No. 200) Sieve
in Mineral Aggregates by Washing

ASTM C136 Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
Aggregates

ASTM D1556 Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by
Sand-Cone Method

ASTM D1557 Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of

Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2,700 kN-m/m3))

ASTM D1883 Standard Test Method for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of
Laboratory-Compacted Soils

ASTM D2167 Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by
the Rubber Balloon Method

ASTM D4253 Standard Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of
Soils Using a Vibratory Table

ASTM D4254 Standard Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of
Soils and Calculation of Relative Density

ASTM D4318 Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity
Index of Soils

ASTM D6758 Standard Test Method for Measuring Stiffness and Apparent Modulus
of Soil and Soil-Aggregate In-Place by Electro-Mechanical Method

ASTM D6938 Standard Test Methods for In-Place Density and Water Content of Soil
and Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)

EN 933 (All Parts) Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates (All Parts)

EN 13286-2 Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures - Part 2: Test methods for
laboratory reference density and water content - Proctor compaction

EN 16907-2 Earthworks - Classification of materials

EN 17892-2 Geotechnical investigation and testing - Laboratory testing of soil - Part

2: Determination of bulk density

This document is the property of TOTAL S.A., it contains confidential information which may not be disclosed to any third party,
reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
The information contained in this document does not substitute for applicable laws and regulations.
This GS is the TOTAL E&P transposition of the TOTAL S.A. Harmonized GS referenced in §2
 General Specification GS EP CIV 101

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Reference Title

NF P94-041 Soil: investigation and testing. Granulometric description. Wet sieving

method

NF P94-051 Soil: investigation and testing. Determination of Atterberg's limits.

Liquid limit test using cassagrande apparatus. Plastic limit test on
rolled thread

NF P94-052-1 Soil: investigation and testing. Atterberg limit determination. Part 1:

liquid limit. Cone penetrometer

NF P94-056 Soil: investigation and testing. Granulometric analysis. Dry sieving

method after washing

NF P94-057 Soils investigation and testing. Granulometric analysis. Hydrometer

method

NF P94-061 (Parts 1; Soils: investigation and testing. Determination of density of materials

2; 3) on site - Parts 1; 2; 3

NF P94-062 Soils: investigation and testing. Measurement of density on site.

Gamma-gamma ray log

NF P94-093 Soils: investigation and testing - Determination of the compaction

reference values of a soil type - Standard proctor test - Modified
proctor test

NF P94-105 Soils: investigation and testing - Inspection of compaction quality -

Method using a variable energy dynamic penetrometer - Principle and
method for calibrating the penetrometer - Exploitation of results -
Interpretation

Total General Specifications

Reference Title

GS EP CIV 201 Design and construction of roads and stabilized areas

GS EP GEO 102 Onshore Geotechnical Investigations

This document is the property of TOTAL S.A., it contains confidential information which may not be disclosed to any third party,
reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
The information contained in this document does not substitute for applicable laws and regulations.
This GS is the TOTAL E&P transposition of the TOTAL S.A. Harmonized GS referenced in §2
 General Specification GS EP CIV 101

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3. Applicability
This specification is within the scope of the following engineering & construction tasks:
• Preliminary and basic design
• Development of Project Particular Specifications (PPS)
• Detailed design when PPS do not exist
• Construction
• Expertise.

This specification is applicable to onshore facilities.

4. Definitions of terms
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply:
California bearing ratio Penetration test for evaluation of the mechanical strength of a soil.
(CBR):
Company: Any entity of the TOTAL Group mentioned in the contract or the
order.
Contractor: Individual or company assigned the work contract. The Contractor
may be responsible for carrying out the execution studies.
Engineering company: Individual or company providing, according to this specification, the
following services:
• Basic studies and possibly detailed studies
• Potential procurement of material
• Placement of work orders
• EV2:
Modulus of deformation of the soil, determined with the plate
load test, applying the formula:
EV2 = π.(1- ν2).Q.B / 4S
with:
- S: settlement under the plate
- B: plate diameter
- Q: stress applied under the plate
- ν: Poisson’s coefficient.
Maximum dry density Highest density obtainable when the compaction is carried out on the
(MDD): material at varied moisture contents.
Maximum Index Density: Reference dry density of a soil in the densest state of compactness
that can be attained using a standard laboratory procedure.

This document is the property of TOTAL S.A., it contains confidential information which may not be disclosed to any third party,
reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
The information contained in this document does not substitute for applicable laws and regulations.
This GS is the TOTAL E&P transposition of the TOTAL S.A. Harmonized GS referenced in §2
 General Specification GS EP CIV 101

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Rev.: 08 Effective date: 10/2019 Page: 8 of 30

Minimum Index Density: Reference dry density of a soil in the loosest state of compactness at
which it can be placed using a standard laboratory procedure
Optimum moisture Moisture content at which the maximum density is obtained.
content:
PPS: Project Particular Specification.
Relative density (Dd): Ratio of void indexes, used as a criterion of the quality of the
compaction.
Dd = (emax – e)/(emax-emin)
with:
• emin: void ratio for the loosest state of compactness
• emax: void ratio for the densest state of compactness
• e: In place or target void ratio.

5. Scope of supply
The scope of supply is described in the order. It comprises all the constraints due to the
application of the regulations and those due to the proximity of the existing works or units,
operating or otherwise.

The utilities required for the site, for the inspections and for the tests, are the responsibility of
the Contractor (unless otherwise stipulated in the contract).

Waste management – including earth and rubble - is under the responsibility of the Contractor.

6. Safety
The Contractor shall establish its quotation and its own safety plan.

All necessary permits shall be obtained from Company prior to performing any earthwork.

Unless otherwise specified in Company Site Specific Instructions, the following applies.

The Contractor shall place and maintain in good condition all the following features:
• Temporary fences
• Guardrails
• Barricades
• Lights
• Shoring
• Bracing
• And other protection measures required for the safety of personnel and the premises.

This document is the property of TOTAL S.A., it contains confidential information which may not be disclosed to any third party,
reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
The information contained in this document does not substitute for applicable laws and regulations.
This GS is the TOTAL E&P transposition of the TOTAL S.A. Harmonized GS referenced in §2
 General Specification GS EP CIV 101

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Rev.: 08 Effective date: 10/2019 Page: 9 of 30

Any work which restricts the full use of a pedestrian or vehicular roadway shall comply with
Company Site Specific Instructions.

A clear space of at least 1 m shall be maintained on all sides of an excavation or trench.

When any excavation or trench reaches a depth of 1.3 m or when soil banks are greater than
1.3 m, all the following safety procedures shall be applied:
• Shoring be installed
• Sides be sloped or benched
• Trench treated as a confined space.

A safe means of entry and exit shall be provided for all excavations and trenches every 7.5 m.

When there is a risk of gas accumulation (for example in the case of works performed in or near
a running unit), and whatever the depth, the following safety procedures shall be applied to the
trench:
• Trench to be treated as a confined space
• Specific measures for gas detection be carried out.

Excavations shall be inspected by the Contractor according to all the following requirements:
• Daily inspection
• Inspection after rains and blasting
• With the objectives of possible cave-ins, failures of protective systems and equipment,
hazardous atmospheres or other hazardous conditions.

When personnel enter any excavation, the following measures shall apply:
• Adequate safety measures be installed and maintained
• If there is an unsafe condition, workers will not be allowed to enter the excavation.

All rock blasting shall follow the Company Site Specific Instructions.

If rock blasting is required and authorized, the Contractor shall develop a written rock blasting
safety plan for Company approval.

Concerning permits, Contractor shall abide by all the following requirements:

• Obtain and pay for required permits from authorities having jurisdiction
• Submit copies of permits to Company
• Obtain written permission from Company before explosives are brought to the site or
before drilling is started.

This document is the property of TOTAL S.A., it contains confidential information which may not be disclosed to any third party,
reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
The information contained in this document does not substitute for applicable laws and regulations.
This GS is the TOTAL E&P transposition of the TOTAL S.A. Harmonized GS referenced in §2
 General Specification GS EP CIV 101

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Rev.: 08 Effective date: 10/2019 Page: 10 of 30

Concerning explosives, Contractor shall conform to all the following requirements:

• Be stored, handled, and used in accordance with local regulations and with Company Site
Specific Instructions
• Criteria addressed in the rock-blasting safety plan
• Be responsible for all blasting operations.

Whenever Company determines that any excavation or embankment or fill on Company

property which was created by a Contractor and which is a hazard to life and limb, or endangers
property, or adversely affects the safety, the use or the stability of a roadway or drainage
channel, the responsible Contractor, upon receipt of a notice in writing from Company, shall
immediately repair or eliminate such excavation or embankment so as to eliminate the hazard.

In adverse weather conditions, the Contractor may be required to cease Earthwork operations
at the site, when it is considered that such adverse conditions may affect the safety of personnel
and equipment, or the quality of the site works.

Adverse conditions shall be defined in common agreement between the Contractor and
Company.

7. Design
The design, materials, planning and execution of site preparation and earthworks shall be
based on the results of the geotechnical report.

The geotechnical report shall follow all below requisites:

• Be in agreement with GS EP GEO 102
• Provide soil mechanics information and groundwater characteristics
• Be provided to the Engineering Company.

With the geotechnical report, the Engineering Company may proceed with the selection of
materials and earthworks sizing (slopes for excavation and backfilling, form layer, etc.).

7.1 Geometrical survey

The geometrical design shall enable an evaluation of the earth material volume to be moved.

The volumes and movements of soil masses shall be calculated according to all the below
obligations:
• From existing ground sections
• Taking into account possible levelling works
• Taking into account the project profile.

This document is the property of TOTAL S.A., it contains confidential information which may not be disclosed to any third party,
reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
The information contained in this document does not substitute for applicable laws and regulations.
This GS is the TOTAL E&P transposition of the TOTAL S.A. Harmonized GS referenced in §2
 General Specification GS EP CIV 101

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Rev.: 08 Effective date: 10/2019 Page: 11 of 30

The Contractor shall carry out an earth movement study in order to:
• Establish estimations for the hypothesis envisaged
• Set up the program of the works.

The geometrical survey to be carried out by the Engineering Company shall include all the
following information, as defined in the sections below:
• Location plan
• Layout plan
• Longitudinal section
• Cross section.

7.1.1 Location plan

The situation plan indicates the work site in the concerned area, making it possible for
somebody unfamiliar with the country to locate easily the geographical zone in question.

7.1.2 Layout plan

The layout plan is defined by the following characteristics:
• Is the work plan
• Defines the boundary of the work site with its topographical environment, viability and
natural landmarks
• Makes possible to find landmarks for the construction of all sections of the works
• Gives planimetric data for construction.

Scales of 1/5000, 1/2000, 1/1000, 1/500 may be used depending on the nature of works.

The layout plan shall be provided with a system of coordinates and elevation benchmarks,
linked to the general systems of the country.

7.1.3 Longitudinal section

The longitudinal section gives all the linear and altimetric data for the works, partial and
cumulative lengths between points on the axis, altitude of the natural ground, altitude of project,
giving the project’s stage of completion.

Generally speaking, the scales for the longitudinal section are as follow:
• Lengths: As per the plan view. Usually 1/2000 (or 1/1000)
• Heights: Ten times that for lengths. Usually 1/200 (or 1/100).

In case of stabilized areas of non-linear shapes, no longitudinal section is required.

This document is the property of TOTAL S.A., it contains confidential information which may not be disclosed to any third party,
reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
The information contained in this document does not substitute for applicable laws and regulations.
This GS is the TOTAL E&P transposition of the TOTAL S.A. Harmonized GS referenced in §2
 General Specification GS EP CIV 101

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Rev.: 08 Effective date: 10/2019 Page: 12 of 30

In case of stabilized areas of non-linear shapes, multiple cross-sections shall be used instead of
longitudinal section.

Multiple cross-sections will be carefully located according to the shape of the stabilized area.

7.1.4 Cross-sections
The natural ground topography is defined by spot heights established as follows:
• Either systematically from cross-sections perpendicular to the axis of the works (the most
common case), or
• From a series of spot heights along typical lines of natural slope change.

In the case the natural ground topography is defined from a series of spot heights along typical
lines of natural slope change, interpolation shall be carried out between known spot heights on
the natural ground for establishing cross-sections.

The vertical layout of the intended project is added to the cross-section drawing.

Cross-sections may be drawn and/or tabulated for data processing purposes.

7.2 Definition of platforms and levelling

The Engineering Company shall define all the following features:
• The platforms, providing planimetric and levelling data
• The methods required to maintain form layer soil quality under the effects of bad weather
or traffic (protection, borrowed material supplies, etc.)
• The slope sections (gradients, berms, etc.) and their protection
• The platform class as per the following table:

Deformation Modulus Ev2 30-50 Mpa 50-80 Mpa 80-120 Mpa 120-200 Mpa >200 Mpa

Class of platform PF1 PF2 PF2+ PF3 PF4

Platform class shall be approved by Company.

7.3 Drainage and dewatering

If dewatering of an excavation is required, Contractor shall meet all the following requirements:
• Submit proposed methods and details to Company for review, before beginning
dewatering and excavation
• Scheme for removing water from the ground or for lowering the water pressure, be based
on the results of a geotechnical or hydrogeological investigation

This document is the property of TOTAL S.A., it contains confidential information which may not be disclosed to any third party,
reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
The information contained in this document does not substitute for applicable laws and regulations.
This GS is the TOTAL E&P transposition of the TOTAL S.A. Harmonized GS referenced in §2
 General Specification GS EP CIV 101

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Rev.: 08 Effective date: 10/2019 Page: 13 of 30

• Provide the typical minimum data needed for the dewatering design, as follows:
- Geological cross section
- Ground water level
- Particle sizes distribution
- Permeability of the soil determined from a field pumping test (other tests could be
submitted to Company approval if historical background cases are available for the
site).
• The dewatering study will cover the minimum following topics, as follows:
- Dewatering method and equipment to accomplish it
- Location of the piping network and collecting basin(s)
- Provision of flocculation tanks, settling basins, or other treatment facilities, as required,
to remove suspended solids from the water prior to discharge
- Incidental consequences in case of existing works in the vicinity and recommended
measures
- Dewatering to be performed in a manner that prevents movement of any structure or
underground services.
• Detailed design of the dewatering to be submitted to Company for approval.

8. Site Preparation
8.1 Method statement
Site Preparation and Earthwork method-statement shall be submitted to Company with
Contractor’s quotation.

Details of the method-statement shall meet the following requirements:

• Be submitted to Company approval before works start
• Include but not limited to:
- Drawings
- Final list of earthwork equipment
- Methodology
- Calculation of productivity
- Equipment routing.

If excavation bracing is required, the Contractor shall abide by all the followings:
• Describe the materials and shoring system to be used
• Indicate whether or not any components will remain after filling or backfilling

This document is the property of TOTAL S.A., it contains confidential information which may not be disclosed to any third party,
reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
The information contained in this document does not substitute for applicable laws and regulations.
This GS is the TOTAL E&P transposition of the TOTAL S.A. Harmonized GS referenced in §2
 General Specification GS EP CIV 101

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• Provide plans, sketches, and/or detail along with calculations

• Indicate the sequence and method of shoring installation and removal.

Excavation plan is subjected to Total approval.

8.2 Clearing and grubbing

Clearing and grubbing shall meet all the following requirements:
• Consist of the removal and disposal of trees, stumps, roots, vegetation, logs, rubbish, and
other unsuitable material
• Be performed in the areas designated on the design drawings
• Be carried out in the same extent as that shown for stripping, unless otherwise noted on
the design drawing
• In the areas designated, all stumps, roots, etc., be removed to a depth of at least 900 mm
below existing grade or 900 mm below the final rough grades shown on the design
drawings, whichever is greater
• All holes or depressions remaining after clearing and grubbing be backfilled to reestablish
the final rough grades
• Backfill material and compaction to meet the requirements of Sections 9 and 10 hereafter
• Cleared and grubbed material be disposed of in agreement with Company.

Trees, shrubs, and other landscape features specifically designated for preservation, shall be
protected from abuse, marring, or damage during construction operations.

No trees, bushes or shrubs, outside the construction area, shall be damaged in any manner.

Burning of brush, vegetation, and trees or burying of any material shall not be permitted on site.

8.3 Stripping
Stripping shall meet all the following requirements:
• Consist of the excavation, removal, and satisfactory disposal of all topsoil and soil
containing organic material
• Excavation depth be conducted to the bottom of the root zone, but no less than 150 mm
• Be performed in the areas designated on the design drawings.

Top soil and soil containing organic material shall abide by all the constraints below:
• Considered unsuitable for any class or type of structural fill or backfill
• Surplus material be removed from the site and disposed of.

Stripped soil may be used for landscaping purposes only.

This document is the property of TOTAL S.A., it contains confidential information which may not be disclosed to any third party,
reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
The information contained in this document does not substitute for applicable laws and regulations.
This GS is the TOTAL E&P transposition of the TOTAL S.A. Harmonized GS referenced in §2
 General Specification GS EP CIV 101

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8.4 Rough grading

Following clearing, grubbing, and stripping operations, material shall be excavated or placed as
fill in accordance with this Specification to establish the rough grade elevations shown on the
design drawings.

General area grading shall be completed within tolerances as follows:

• ± 60 mm of the elevations
• 0.2% of the slopes shown on the design drawings.

8.5 Common excavation

Common excavation shall adhere to all following requirements:
• Include removal and transportation of all material of whatever nature that are encountered
in the work to the fill or spoil areas.
• Not to be made below the levels indicated on the design drawings except where removal
of unsuitable material is required by this Specification.
• Operations to cease when any underground obstructions other than soil or rock materials
or facilities, already shown on the design drawings, are encountered.
• Not permitted under existing foundations.
• Not allowed to intersect a 45 degree plane extending downward from the bottom edge of
existing foundations unless an engineered support system is in place prior to the start of
work or the excavation is in stable rock.
• If adjacent to existing underground installations (e.g., piping, manholes, electrical and duct
banks) or sidewalks, will use bracing and shoring to protect those installations during
construction.
• Be kept sufficiently free from water until the work has been completed.
• Surface water to be prevented from entering.

Excavated material shall meet all the following constraints:

• If excavated below designated levels, will be replaced with the type and class of fill called
for on the design drawings.
• To be stored a minimum of 1200 mm clear or the depth of the excavation, whichever is
greater, away from the edge of the excavation.

Adequate support shall be provided where necessary to prevent:

• Slope failure of earth, or
• Settlement of adjacent ground, structures, or other works.

This document is the property of TOTAL S.A., it contains confidential information which may not be disclosed to any third party,
reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
The information contained in this document does not substitute for applicable laws and regulations.
This GS is the TOTAL E&P transposition of the TOTAL S.A. Harmonized GS referenced in §2
 General Specification GS EP CIV 101

Earthworks

Rev.: 08 Effective date: 10/2019 Page: 16 of 30

8.6 Rock excavation

Rock excavation shall be carried out under the following conditions:
• Will include removal of in-place material which cannot be loosened and removed with the
use of conventional equipment such as backhoes, grader, scraper, and requires the use
of blasting or rock excavation equipment.
• Will obtain Company approval for the method and the equipment the Contractor plans to
use.

8.7 Stockpiling and spoils

On-site excavated material, which is unsuitable for fill or which is in excess of fill requirements,
shall be disposed of as follows:
• When spoil areas are authorized and defined by Company, disposal will be in these areas.
• When no spoil area is authorized by Company, disposal will be outside the site at
Contractor’s expense.
• Contaminated soils, if encountered, will be handled, removed, and disposed of separately
from uncontaminated soils, as approved or directed by Company.
• Reusable excavated materials will be stockpiled as necessary.
• Clays, sands, rock, and topsoil will be stockpiled separately to prevent mixing.
• Spoil areas will be properly drained to prevent ponding of water or excessive erosion of
the spoil material.
• Haul roads will be constructed and maintained as necessary for transporting materials to
and from designated stockpile areas.

8.8 Preparation for Roads, Railroads and Area Paving

The subgrade for roads, railroads and parking areas shall comply with both:
• The Project geotechnical report
• This Specification.

Refer also to specification GS EP CIV 201.

8.9 Construction of drainage facilities

Surface water shall be prevented from flowing into excavations by ditching, trenching, forming
protective swales, pumping, or other approved measures.

Drainage facilities shall be constructed following all the below requirements:

• As shown on the design drawings
• With unlined ditches, unless otherwise shown on the design drawings

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• With ditches graded and finished to within a tolerance of ±10 mm of the elevations shown
on the design drawings
• Excavations for foundations and other underground installations not to be used as
temporary drainage ditches.

All culverts shall conform to all the following requirements:

• Be considered permanent unless specifically noted as temporary on the design drawings
• Be new reinforced concrete pipe
• With bedding, fill, and backfill:
- As shown on the design drawings and
- In accordance with this specification.
• With invert elevations within a tolerance of ± 5 mm of the elevations shown on the design
drawings.

All diverted and pumped water shall comply with the following requisites:
• Flow to specified collection areas and
• Be disposed of as directed by Company.

9. Materials
Backfill material shall be classified according to EN 16907-2.

9.1 Fill Materials

Fill or backfill materials shall meet the requirements given in Chapters 9.1.1 and 9.1.3 below.

Other fill materials may be used with the approval of Company and in accordance with the
Project geotechnical report.

The project will be designed in order to meet all the following requirements:
• To make maximum use of materials on the site
• To minimize the use of temporary or existing quarry and external deposits
• To take into account the constraints imposed by the environment of the project.

9.1.1 Ordinary backfill materials

Ordinary backfill materials shall be used according to all the below obligations:
• Only where no road, foundation, paving or installation is planned
• Only on extent of areas approved by Company

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• With the following characteristics:

- Particle Size distribution: 150 mm maximum, percentage of fines (< 0.075 mm) < 35%
- Liquid limit less than or equal to 60%
- Plasticity Index less than or equal to 30%
- Organic matter less than or equal to 30%
- Soluble sulfate content less or equal to 2.5 g/l
- CBR of Laboratory-Compacted Soils more than or equal to 8%.

Ordinary fill material will be used for filling up to a level located 2.0 m below final grade
elevation.

9.1.2 Common fill material

Common fill material will be used:
• To obtain the required platform levels,
• In the upper part of trenches (from 300 mm above the top of the utility and up to bottom of
subgrade, or paving base course) with Company’s approval.

Common fill material shall meet all following requirements:

• Will consist of gravel, sand and/or marl
• Will be free of topsoil, vegetation, frozen lumps, organic matter, trash, chunks of highly
plastic clay, snow, ice, contamination, hydrocarbons, toxic or other unsatisfactory material
• Will have a maximum size of one-half the lift thickness or 75 mm, whichever is less
• With granular material as follows:
- Well-graded free-draining fill
- Less than 20% of the material passing through a 75 micron Sieve
- Plasticity Index not exceeding 6.
• With clayey fill material as follows:
- Having a liquid limit not exceeding 40%
- Plasticity Index between 10 and 20.
• With moisture content of 0 to 2 percent above optimum.

Unsuitable materials are:

• Crushable materials
• Materials with more than 5% of soluble salts content by weight of dry soil
• Materials with more than 2% of organic content
• Material susceptible to be affected by frost, where frost is likely to occur.

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9.1.3 Structural fill material

Structural Fill Material shall comply with all the following requirements:
• Used beneath foundations, spread footings, or slabs-on-grade when fill is required to
achieve final grade
• The necessary thickness to be used be defined by the Engineering Company
• Will be clean
• Will be well graded
• Will be composed of:
- Durable rock
- Inorganic material as follows:
. With 100% passing the 50 mm sieve
. With 0 to 15% passing the 75 micron sieve
. With portion of the material passing the 0.4 mm sieve having:
(a) A maximum liquid limit of 35
(b) A maximum plasticity index of 12.
• Will be free of:
- Rocks or stones larger than 50 mm
- Any form of coating
- Any gravel or sand containing clay, soft or flaky particles
- Shale
- Loam
- Organic
- Deleterious material.

Crushed stone, where called as a Structural Fill, shall consist of:

• Well-graded durable material of size between 10 mm and 40 mm
• With less than 15% of the material passing through 0.4 mm sieve.

When structural fill is not necessary (when the loads on the foundation or on the slab are very
low), it shall be approved by Company.

Liquid limit and plastic limit tests are not required for select fill material with less than 12%
passing the 75 micron sieve.

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9.1.4 Materials for drainage layer

Materials used for drainage or anticontamination shall abide by the requisites below:
• Be fill sand or gravel, clean, sound and well graded
• Be free from:
- Flaky particles
- Coal
- Soft shale
- Clay
- Organic material
- Silt
- Other deleterious materials.
• Have less than 12% fines passing the 75 μm sieve.

9.2 Compaction water

Water used for compaction of fill material shall be in accordance with all the following
conditions:
• Be reasonably free of salts, oil, acid, alkalis, organic matter, or other deleterious
substances
• Is not allowed, use of water with a TDS (Company Dissolved solids) in excess of
10,000 ppm, such as:
- Brackish water
- Seawater
- Water obtained from ground pits.

10. Placement and compaction

10.1 General
Areas to receive fill shall conform to all the following constraints:
• Will include:
- Foundations
- Pavement
- Areas to be used in the future to support structural loads as shown on the contract
drawings
• Will be free of top soil, organic material, roots, trash, snow, ice, or other foreign material
• Will not be frozen

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• When larger than 250m², will be inspected prior to place fill, for:
- Soft spots
- Unsuitable materials.

Testing method will be suitable with the type of in situ soil as defined in the Project Geotechnical
Report.

Soft soils shall comply with all the following conditions:

• Be removed and replaced with Structural Fill
• In the top 150 mm:
- Will be scarified
- Will be re-compacted
- Density will not be less than:
. 90% of the maximum Modified Proctor density, or
. 95% of the maximum Standard Proctor density.

Chemical stabilization is acceptable if defined into the Project Geotechnical Report and when
approved by Company in writing, if modification of liquid limit (LL) and plasticity index (PI) are
necessary to obtain satisfactory compaction.

On sloping sites, according to the Project Geotechnical Report, the excavation of natural soils to
key the new fill into the underlying soil may be requested.

Equipment to obtain the required compaction shall conform to all the following requirements:
• Proper type and size, for each type of soil, be determined in the field.

Equipment and compaction procedures shall be field tested on each type of fill material prior to
starting the fill operation.

Test shall demonstrate the equipment and procedures achievements for the required
compaction.

Borrow operations shall follow all below requirements:

• Written notification to be provided as follows:
- 15 days in advance of operations
- Will define:
. The specific location of the borrow source
. The materials to be taken from the borrow source
. The intended use of the material.
• Access to the borrow area will be provided for collecting independent samples and testing.

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Placing and compacting fill material in water is not allowed.

10.2 Top soil

Prior to placement of fill, top soil shall be worked out according to the following requisites:
• Area to be cleared of topsoil and soil containing organic material
• Before removing topsoil, the area to be cleared of all debris
• Topsoil to be removed to full depth, or as indicated in the Project Geotechnical Report
• Topsoil salvaged, from within the limits of cut and fill, to be stored in stockpiles.

After completing grading operations and before grassing operations, the designated graded
areas that are not to be further improved shall be overlaid with topsoil of a compacted minimum
thickness of 100 mm.

10.3 Placement of ordinary backfilling material

Backfilling will be placed over a width as large as possible.

Backfilling material shall comply with all the following conditions:

• To be placed in layers with a thickness identical to that determined during tests
• Be compacted to, at least:
- 90% of the maximum Modified Proctor Density, or
- 95% of the maximum Standard Proctor density.

10.4 Common fill material

The fill shall be worked out according to all the following conditions:
• Be spread and compacted in maximum layers of 300 mm thick (compacted thickness)
• Be compacted to a minimum of:
- 90% of the maximum Modified Proctor density, or
- 95% of the maximum Standard Proctor density.
• Be compacted within ± 2% of optimum moisture content.

Lifts greater than 300 mm may be accepted if it is proven by means of tests that the compaction
criteria can be reached with the appropriate compaction equipment.

In case of plastic soil (clayey fill material), the thickness of each loose lift shall not exceed:
• 200 mm, or
• 150 mm, where a hand-operated compactor is used.

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10.5 Structural fill material

Structural fill material shall be compacted as per all the following requirements:
• In maximum 200 mm thick (compacted thickness) lifts, when using a vibratory compactor
• Reduced to 150 mm compacted thickness lifts, where a hand-operated compactor is
used, in areas with limited access
• To a minimum of 95% of the maximum Modified Proctor density in all units:
- Structural areas
- Tank areas
- Buildings areas
- Roads
- Railways
- Parking areas where improved surface conditions are specified.
• Within ± 2% of optimum moisture content.

In the case of granular materials having less than 12% of the material passing through
75 micron sieve, compaction shall follow both below requirements:
• Relative density to be used as the compaction criteria
• Be compacted to 75% of relative density.

The Contractor shall condition the moisture content of fill materials as necessary to achieve the
required moisture content, without additional cost to Company.

10.6 Crushed stone

Crushed stone shall be compacted as per all the following requirements:
• Using a vibratory compactor
• In 200 mm thick (compacted thickness) maximum lift
• To 75% of the relative density.

10.7 Compaction
The adequate degree of compaction required shall follow all the below rules:
• Be designed according to the Project Geotechnical Report
• In relation with the assessment of the appropriate site control methods
• With estimation of self-weight settlement and required bearing capacity when used as a
working platform.

The location and the type of fill shall be noted on the design drawings.

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Compaction shall comply with all the following requirements:

• Compacted surfaces of fill and backfill be finish graded to the cross sections, lines,
grades, and elevations as indicated on the drawings
• Will begin after the fill or backfill material to be compacted:
- Has been properly placed
- Is at the proper moisture content
• Will be performed with equipment compatible with soil type
• Will not be permitted by water jetting or flooding, for most fill material.

Fill and backfill adjacent to structures shall follow all the rules below:
• Structures are defined as retaining walls, pits and basements
• Not to be compacted with heavy equipment
• Compacted with hand-operated equipment to a distance of 1.2 meters or greater beyond
the sides of the structures
• Materials to be placed symmetrically and in uniform layers to prevent unnecessary
eccentric loading on a structure or foundation.

Compaction by flooding may be used if the fill material is cohesion less free draining sand, in
accordance with the Project Geotechnical Report.

10.7.1 Slopes
In no case shall compaction be allowed on slopes steeper than 1 (V) to 5 (H) (20% slope).

A series of horizontal benches, steps, or terraces, at least 3 meters wide, should be cut into
existing and natural slopes prior to adding new fill.

Construction of new slopes shall be accomplished as follows:

• By compacting horizontal fill layers at least 1 roller width beyond the design edge of the
slope, and
• Trimming back to achieve the final slope dimensions.

10.7.2 Surface protection

If clean sand or dune sand is used for fill, surface protection shall be required.

A cap layer of compacted cohesive material 150 to 300 mm in thickness will generally be
sufficient.

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Capping material shall be in accordance with all the following requirements:

• Have a maximum size of one-half lift thickness or 75 mm, whichever is less
• Have between 11-35% passing the 75 micron sieve
• Have a maximum liquid limit of 35
• Have a maximum plasticity index of 12.

Final slopes shall be protected from erosion, in accordance with Project Geotechnical Report.

10.8 Compaction criteria

Tests shall be carried out on the subgrade and on every compacted layer.

Unless otherwise indicated in the Project Geotechnical Report, the criteria of acceptance are
indicated in the following table:

Subgrade
Tests below a filled area and Common Fill Structural fill
Ordinary Backfill

In situ CBR >10% >20% >35%

Deformation modulus >30 MPa According to platform According to platform

EV2 class class and >70 MPa

Dry density (Modified >90% MDD >90% MDD Dry density > 95% MDD
Proctor test) for more than 90% of
results and no result
below 92%MDD

Moisture content Within 2% of optimum moisture content

Fill strength shall be tested with in situ CBR or plate load test or dynamic penetrometer.

Standard Proctor test may be used instead of Modified Proctor test for the dry density except for
Structural fill, see criteria of acceptance Section 10.

Alternate Method for measuring the Stiffness and Apparent Modulus of soil developed in
ASTM D6758 – 08 may be applied after Company’s approval.

10.9 Earthwork finishing

Finish grading shall comply with the Grading and Finishing Construction drawings and the PPS.

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10.9.1.1 Gravel Surface

Unless otherwise stipulated in the Project Geotechnical Report, 20 mm Crushed Gravel shall be
placed as a finished surface to areas shown on Technical Documents.

10.9.1.2 Topsoil
The topsoil shall meet all the following requirements:
• Placing and use to be approved by Company
• Be placed for a finished surface over the areas shown on Technical Documents
• Be spread in uniform layers not exceeding 150 mm per layer
• Be kept 15 mm below specified elevation, in areas to be sodded.

Any rough spot shall be eliminated by grading.

The surface shall be cultivated, raked, and consolidated as required to leave a friable bed firm
against deep foot printing.

10.9.1.3 Seeding
When seeding is required, the Contractor shall:
• Specify the detail of surface preparation
• Detail the type of seed or sod to be used
• Indicate the rate of the seed mix
• Describe how the seeding will be implemented (hydroseeders…).

The seeding program shall be carried out according to all the following requisites:
• Subjected to Company approval
• To ensure the establishment of vigorously growing grass
• Be re-seeded at no cost to Company if areas have not caught within the first month after
initial seeding.

11. Quality control

11.1 General
The Contractor shall be responsible for testing of materials required to the evaluation of
placement and compaction techniques during construction.

Chapters 11.2 and 11.3 list the minimum tests that shall be carried out.

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11.2 Material testing

Control tests shall be conducted as follows:
• To be performed:
- For each type of fill material, or
- Where there is a change in the type of material, or
- Where there is a change in the source of material.
• List of tests:
- Gradation
- Plasticity
- Density
- Moisture content control.
• Tests to be included for every 2000 m3 at minimum:
- One standard sieve analysis
- One Modified Proctor Test with corresponding Proctor curve
- Atterberg limits.

For cohesion less free draining soils, all the following tests shall be performed with the same
frequencies:
• Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soil
• Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soil
• Determination of the Relative Density.

11.3 Field testing

The following methods may be used for the measurement of the moisture content and the dry
density of the soil:
• Sand-cone method
• Nuclear method
• Rubber balloon method
• Variable energy dynamic penetrometer.

The in-place density and moisture content testing (field density testing), on compacted fill, shall
be performed for initial subgrade as follows:
• As a minimum, at least one test be performed on every lift of fill

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• At the following frequencies (unless otherwise specified in the Project Geotechnical

Report or in the PPS):

Under foundations One test every 100 m2 of each lift

Under paving area One test every 200 m2 of each lift

Road base and sub-base One test every 200 m2 of base or sub-base

Backfill of trenches One test for every 20 m of each lift

(for utility lines or foundations)

General fill One test every 500 m2 of each lift

Further placement shall not be allowed until the required dry density has been achieved.

The number of tests shall be increased in the following cases:

• If a visual inspection determines that the moisture content is not uniform, or
• If the compacting effort is variable
• If the compacting effort is not considered sufficient to attain the specified density.

Company may approve a decrease in the number of tests if the compaction procedure has met
project requirements under a specifically done quality control testing.

The Contractor shall rework any areas of completed earthworks that do not meet specifications,
at his own charges.

12. Tolerances
12.1 Fill Material Quality Tolerance
Supply fill materials shall meet the following requirements:
• Average results of any ten consecutive grain size and moisture content tests will lie within
the specified limits
• Results of not more than two in any ten consecutive grain size and moisture content tests
will lie outside the specified content limits
• Field density values will be equal to or better than the specified limits.

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12.2 Location and Alignment Tolerance

Unless otherwise specified, the works shall be done within the following tolerances of specified
location and alignment:
• Roads, Rail bed, and Containment Berms: ± 60 mm
• Ditches: ± 75 mm.

12.3 Grading Tolerance

Perform grading to within the following tolerances of specified elevations shown on Technical
Documents:
• Rough Grading: ± 60 mm of elevations shown on Technical Documents provided that, in
any 100 m² area, elevations are not all + 60 mm, or all – 60 mm.
• Finished Subgrading:
- Unpaved Areas: ± 18 mm
- Roads and Paving: ± 12 mm
- Foundations and Concrete Slabs: ± 12 mm
• Granular Subbase – Pavement Structure: ± 25 mm
• Granular Base – Pavement Structure: + 6 mm or – 12 mm
• Finish Grade: ± 12 mm
• Drainage Ditches – Finish Grade: ± 25 mm
• Culverts – Finish Grade: ± 12 mm
• Final Elevations – Ponds: + 0 mm or – 100 mm.

Concerning final elevations of tank pads, where a concrete ring wall is not provided, the
foundation under the shell shall be leveled as follows:
• Within ± 3 mm in any 3 m of the circumference, and
• Within ± 13 mm in the Company circumference measured from the average elevation.

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Standard Test references

Test designation EN NF ASTM

NF P94-041
ASTM C117
Sieve analysis EN 933 NF P94-056
ASTM C136
NF P94-057

NF P94-051
Atterberg’s limits EN 17892-2 ASTM D4318
NF P94-052-1

Standard Proctor testing EN 13286-2 NF P94-093 ASTM D6938

Modified Proctor testing EN 13286-2 NF P94-093 ASTM D1557

Field density sand-cone method NF P94-061-3 ASTM D1556

NF P94-061-1 ASTM D6938

Field density nuclear method
NF P94-062

Field density rubber balloon method NF P94-061-2 ASTM D2167

Field density variable energy dynamic

NF P94-105
penetrometer

Test method for Maximum index

density and unit weight of soils using a ASTM D4253
Vibratory Table

Test Methods for Minimum Index

Density and Unit Weight of Soils and ASTM D4254
Calculation of Relative Density

Standard Test Method for Measuring

Stiffness and Apparent Modulus of Soil
ASTM D6758
and Soil-Aggregate In-Place by
Electro-Mechanical Method

Standard Test Method for CBR

(California Bearing Ratio) of ASTM D1883
Laboratory-Compacted Soils

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