ORGANIC MANURE

Project report submitted to the

MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
MOOC ON ORGANIC MANURE
PROJECT REPORT 2
[ORGANIC MANURE MAKING]

Submitted By
MILAN KORAH ABRAHAM
REGISTER NO:210021087294

Mentored by
DITHY MARY THOMAS

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATION

BISHOP VAYALIL MEMORIAL HOLY CROSS COLLEGE,
CHERPUNKAL
 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATION
BISHOP VAYALIL MEMORIAL HOLY CROSS COLLEGE,
CHERPUNKAL

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report on ‘ORGANIC MANURE’
submitted to Mahatma Gandhi University by MILAN KORAH
ABRAHAM Register No: 210021087294, BACHELOR OF
COMPUTER APPLICATION in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the MOOC on Organic Manure is carried out
by her under my guidance.

Mentor
DITHY MARY THOMAS
BVM HOLY CROSS COLLEGE,
CHERPUNKAL
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project work entitled MOOC ON

ORGANIC FARMING submitted in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the award of the MOOC on Organic Farming
from Mahatma Gandhi University is record of bonafide work
done under the guidance of Mrs. Dithy Mary Thomas.
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INDEX

1.Introduction
2.Materials and Methods
2.1 Location of College and Student
2.2 Method selected
2.3 Materials used
2.4 Crops selected
2.5 Source of seed
2.6 Bucket composting process
2.6.1 Initial Preparation
2.6.2 Collection and storing of kitchen waste
2.6.3 Composting process
2.6.4 Final extraction

3.Observation and Data Collection

4.Photos
5.Cost Benefit Analysis
6.Conclusion
7.Abstract
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INTRODUCTION

The MOOC course offers degree students an opportunity to

engage in organic farming. It is designed to fully immerse students in
farming activities, fostering their interest and involvement in this field.
Organic farming is an agricultural approach that relies on natural systems
and processes to cultivate crops and raise livestock.

Organic fertilizers are derived from natural substances and are

used to enrich the soil and promote plant growth. These fertilizers
provide an alternative method to enhance agricultural productivity
while improving soil health. Organic fertilizers typically include materials
such as compost and green manure.

The utilization of organic manure is an effective means of

increasing production and nurturing soil fertility. Manures, primarily
sourced from animal waste, along with compost and green manure,
play a crucial role in enhancing soil fertility by incorporating organic
matter and essential nutrients like nitrogen. These nutrients are utilized
by microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, as well as other
organisms present in the soil.

Compost, on the other hand, results from the decomposition of

organic materials. While primarily derived from plant sources, it may also
include animal dung or bedding. Green manures refer to crops intentionally
grown and ploughed into the soil to enrich it with nutrients and organic
matter. Additionally, certain types of plant matter used as manure include
rumen contents of slaughtered ruminants, spent grain, and seaweed. In
summary, organic fertilizers, including manures, compost, and green
manure, provide essential nutrients and organic matter to the soil,
supporting sustainable agriculture and soil health.
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MATERIALS AND METHOD

2.1 Location of College and Student

Location of college:
BVM Holy Cross College, Cherpunkal
Location of student:
Maalam, Kottayam

2.2 Selected Method: Bucket Composting

2.3 Materials Used:

(i) For Compost:
- Kitchen waste: Fruit scraps, Vegetable scraps, Coffee grounds,
Eggshells, Food waste, Fish waste
- Bio Bins: Containers to hold kitchen waste. Large garden pots
can be used as an alternative.
- Composting Inoculum: Inoculum made by mixing 1 glass of curd
with 50gm of jaggery, diluted with two glasses of water. The
compost produced can also serve as an inoculum.

(ii) For Crop:

- Growbag
- Hand plough
- Manure

2.4 Selected Crops:

- Green Chilly
- Bean Seeds
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2.6 Bucket composting process

2.6.1 Initial Preparation: Select an appropriate composting bin

considering the available space, the type of kitchen waste produced,
and the desired composting capacity. Large garden pots are a simple
and cost-effective option for composting kitchen waste. Position the
composting bin in a convenient location that allows for good air
circulation and easy monitoring and maintenance access.

2.6.2 Collection and sorting of kitchen waste: Set up a conveniently

accessible container specifically for collecting kitchen waste. Ensure
that the container is sealed to prevent odor and discourage pests.

2.6.3 Composting Process: Start by collecting the kitchen waste

generated in a day. Begin layering the composting materials,
starting with a layer of brown materials, followed by a layer of
green materials. On top of this, add the composting inoculum.
To cover the bin, you can use a tile or a wooden plank. Regulate
the moisture level within the bin by incorporating dry leaves. If
the compost feels too dry, add water; if it becomes too wet, add
additional dry materials. It is important to regularly monitor the
moisture content and decomposition progress of the compost pile.
Once the first bucket is full, move on to using a second bucket. By
the time the second bucket is full, the contents of the first bucket
would have transformed into nutrient-rich manure.

2.6.4 Final Extraction: When the compost reaches maturity, it will

Exhibit a dark, crumbly texture, emit an earthy aroma, and show no
signs of recognizable food waste. The resulting brown compost, in
powder form, is a high-quality fertilizer that can effectively nourish
crops. To maintain its quality until it is needed, store the harvested
compost in a sealed container or bag in a cool and dry place.
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3.OBSERVATION AND DATA COLLECTION

Table 1: Observations

SL.NO DATE COLOUR NATURE SMELL MOISTURE

1 18/06/2023 NO SOLID YES MOISTY

2 30/06/2023 LIGHT BROWN SLURRY NO MOISTY

3 10/07/2023 LIGHT BROWN SLURRY NO MOISTY

4 23/07/2023 BROWN CRUSH EARTHY-SMELL DRY

5 28/07/2023 DARK BROWN CRUMBLY EARTHY-SMELL DRY

Table 2: Crop Growth

Table
2.1 Seed
NO OF DAYS OBSERVATIONS
GREEN CHILLY BEAN SEEDS

48 hours Swell Sprout

3 days-5 days Sprout Fully sprout

5 days-7 days Fully sprout Leaves starts to emerge

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Germination

Table 2.2 Growth

CROP HEIGHT OF THE NO OF DAYS DAY OF DAY OF

PLANT FLOWERING FRUITING

GREEN CHILLY 19 cm -20 cm 5 – 40 days 18 days after 110

sowing

BEAN SEEDS 13 – 17 inches 5 – 52 days 31 days after 78

sowing
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4.PHOTOS
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5.COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

Bucket composting refers to the process of composting organic waste

materials in small scale system , typically using a plastic bucket or container.
This includes the initial investment required to purchase the buckets or
containers as well as any necessary tools and supplies. The benefits of bucket
composting encompass environmental, social and economic aspects.Enviorn-
mentally, bucket composting reduces the amount of organic waste send to
landfills. Socially, bucket composting promotes community involvement and
education on composting practices. Economically it can lead to potential
savings in waste management fees and the production of nutrient rich manure.
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In conclusion bucket composting proves to be a cost-effective and

sustainable method for managing organic waste. Despite the initial investment
and ongoing costs, the long term benefits outweigh the expenses , making it
an attractive waste management option. This report serves as a guide for
individuals, communities, and organizations interested in implementing and
understanding the potential of bucket composting as an effective waste
management solution.

6.CONCLUSION

Improper handling of solid waste is health hazard and cause

damage to environment. Solid wastes are ideal breeding places for pathogens.
The environmental damage caused by wastes is mostly aesthetic in nature.
Composting is a great way to return organic material to nature. It is a method
for recycling organic wastes, like food craps and yard trimmings, and turning it
into fertilizer for crop and gardens.
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Processing of kitchen waste materials through composting reduces

the environmental risks by transforming the materials into safer and more
stable products suitable for application to soil. The key to healthy plant is
healthy soil and the best way to improve soil is by incorporating compost.
Adding compost to soil also helps conserve water.The composted materials
are therefore gaining acceptance as organic fertilizers in sustainable
agriculture. This low cost technology has environmental , economical and
societal relevance.No chemicals are used in the production process and do
not have any residual effect after application.

7.ABSTRACT

Composting is a basic homesteading skill that you can use to reduce

waste within your house. You can compost food scraps, paper waste card
board and other degradable items that you would typically throw in the
trash can. After these items are fully composted, you can use the compost
on your garden. Compost bin can be made with many different resources.

Here we use bucket composting method. Bucket composting is a small

scale method of composting organic waste using a bucket or container
system. If you don’t have space or the need for a large compost bin bucket
composting method can be opted. The required materials include suitable
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container, organic waste and necessary components for decomposition ,

including carbon-rich brown materials, nitrogen-rich green materials and
moisture. The process of layering and maintaining the compost is explained
along with the time frame required for decomposition.

The challenges and considerations of bucket composting includes

the need for proper maintainance, turning and monitoring of compost
the potential for odor or pest problems if not managed correctly, and the
limited capacity that may limit the amount of waste that can be composted.
While it has its challenges, the benefit of reducing waste, creating nutrient
rich compost and promoting sustainability make it a worthwhile practice.
In conclusion bucket composting is a simple and accessible method for
composting organic waste.