CHAPTER 23 CHROMOSOMES AND Pr | ClIntroduction * The idea that DNA makes protein via an intermediate RNA is known as “Central dogma of molecular genetics”. Overview * Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from DNA It occurs in Go,G1and G2 Phases of cell cycle bese only one enzyme RNA eePYM Transcription is Uses single stranded RNA from a double stranded DNA eum produces messenger RNA (mRNA). Rerum ec of protein Foye AT USSR RNA. In this process ing mRNA as a peru) cme in ribosomes Fe Ren tN] Led by usi ‘are the part of gene expression. > Cone Seal SRR CLUE Re een seni MCS UL) both Pepnep rice usu: Extensive RNA processing ocetPinter ett Transcription is the synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template which occurs in 5° Ce liefei (ola POR U-ed seen) reac Le PoC NUL R ACR) produce a complementary and anti parallel RNA strand. Bieter UMN eR UMaine hoe u I elk lola The stretch of DNA transcribed into an RNA molecule is called as transcription unit which encoded at least one Bi eMese em ee cence) A which will then be used to create that Pre CUM Mle nerfPee er einen cucu somerset: RM ACN alongside translation and Prem cucu meee RNa) ite UM a MM LEC RCL) the cytoplasm by the nuclear membrane. Pa TT ela estrone eet tcl) stored as heterochromatin around histones CT rel TESLA Ode cleoeee Ceca See possible eee oO the cytoplasm Cec Pr eon) Pest) ‘A single RNA polymerase synihesizes al Peat tN NUNS sk cayStages Of Transcription There are three stages involved in ST nitt-1iela) *Elongation Sra lues)DNA helix Terminational of RNA polymerase at Promoter region. a ‘okaryotes, these binding sites are TATAAT also called -10 sequence and ACA also called -35 sequence. In eukaryotes, TATA (TATA box) also called -25 sequence and CAAT (CAAT box) also called -70 sequence. RNA polymerase consists of four subunits: alpha, beta, beta and sigma. Sigma factor is required for RNA polymerase to bind on promoter. Bice ieeee Ce ue Umeha catalysis the remaining process. RNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3' end of growing PN RCEER BUCO en eee ee ene triphosphate (NTP) or ribonucleotide Beye ce ee Rea CR Rea RAT Mb eelaloel cent eae RUC MCU R UCN OM tens etent) protruding from the bubble. d Meee nein) ane SeeeCon SUCR Cun Ce aK fel TatMr ae Toa eee eee PROC eu ESTs mT MR Clenurlels Leet Ree ke! ET TERllie) AT base pairs. The part of mRNA project to form a loop like structure called GC hairpin ‘small tail of poly U nucleotides. of RNA. Bieter lee eon aS NNN CROC RUE