CONIC SECTIONS

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 CONIC SECTIONS

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 CONIC SECTIONS
CONIC SECTIONS BASIC

● Conic Section Introduction

● Formation of Conic Section
● Conic Section Definition
● Conic Section according to Eccentricity
● Conics Terminology
● Parabola
● Standard Form of Parabola
● Ellipse
● Standard Form of Ellipse
● Hyperbola
● Standard Form of Hyperbola
 CONIC SECTIONS
JEE(MAIN) PYQs Using CONIC SECTION BASICS
 CONIC SECTIONS
CONIC SECTIONS
● A figure formed by the intersection of a plane and a circular cone is
called as conic section.
● Depending on the angle of the plane with respect to the cone, a conic
section may be a circle, an ellipse, a parabola, or a hyperbola.
 CONIC SECTIONS
FORMATION OF CONIC SECTIONS
 CONIC SECTIONS
FORMATION OF CONIC SECTIONS
 CONIC SECTIONS:
CONIC DEFINITION
SECTIONS

A conic is defined as the locus of a point, which moves such that its distance
from a fixed line to its distance from a fixed point is always constant.
 CONIC SECTIONS
CONIC SECTIONS: DEFINITION

● The fixed point is called the focus of the conic.

● The fixed line is called the directrix of the conic.
● The constant ratio is the eccentricity of the conic.
 CONIC SECTIONS
Conic Section according to Eccentricity

1. If e = 1, the conic is called as parabola.

2. If e < 1, the conic is called an ellipse.
3. If e > 1, the conic is called a hyperbola.
CONIC SECTIONS
Conics Terminology
CONIC SECTIONS
 CONIC SECTIONS
Conics Terminology

⮚ Line passing through focus, perpendicular to

directrix is called Axis of Conic.
⮚ Point of intersection of conic & axis is called
vertex.
⮚ Line segment joining any two points on conic
is called chord.
⮚ Chord perpendicular to axis is called as
Double ordinate.
⮚ Double ordinate passing through focus is
called as Latus Rectum.
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PARABOLA

The locus of a point in a plane having distance from the fixed point and the
fixed straight line (Directrix) should always be the same, is a Parabola.

M P ( x , y)
PS Fixed line
= e(eccentricity)
PM (directrix)

If e = 1, the conic is called as parabola.

S Fixed point
(focus)
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Standard Equation of Parabola

y2 = 4ax
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Proof:
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Standard Form of Parabola
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. Find the equation of axis of the parabola

y2=24x.

A x=0

B x=6

C y=6

D y=0
 CONIC SECTIONS
Solution:

Axis is the line passing through focus which divides the parabola
symmetrically into two equal halves.
Equation of axis of parabola y2=24x is y=0.
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. Find the equation of axis of the parabola

y2=24x.

A x=0

B x=6

C y=6

D y=0
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. Find the coordinates of the focus of the

parabola x2=6y.

A (-3/2 , 0)

B (0, 3/2)

C (0, -3/2)

D None of these
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Solution:
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. Find the coordinates of the focus of the

parabola x2=6y.

A (-3/2 , 0)

B (0, 3/2)

C (0, -3/2)

D None of these
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. What is the focus of the parabola

x2=16y?

A (4, 0)

B (0, 4)

C (0, -4)

D (4 ,4)
 CONIC SECTIONS
Solution:
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. What is the focus of the parabola

x2=16y?

A (4, 0)

B (0, 4)

C (0, -4)

D (4 ,4)
CONIC SECTIONS
Q. The foci of the parabolas y2=4x, x2=4y,
y2+4x=0, x2+4y=0 taken in order are the
vertices of a

A Rectangle

B Parallelogram

C Rhombus

D Square
 CONIC SECTIONS
Solution:

Foci are A(1,0) B(0,1) C(-1,0) D(0,-1) forms a

square.
CONIC SECTIONS
Q. The foci of the parabolas y2=4x, x2=4y,
y2+4x=0, x2+4y=0 taken in order are the
vertices of a

A Rectangle

B Parallelogram

C Rhombus

D Square
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. The length of latus rectum of the

parabola x2=20y?

A 5

B 16

C 20

D 10
 CONIC SECTIONS
Solution:
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. The length of latus rectum of the

parabola x2=20y?

A 5

B 16

C 20

D 10
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. Which of the following equation

represents a parabola?

A (x-y)3=3

D (x+y)2+3=0
 CONIC SECTIONS
Solution:
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. Which of the following equation

represents a parabola?

A (x-y)3=3

D (x+y)2+3=0
 CONIC SECTIONS
Ellipse
Definition

M
P ( x , y)
Fixed line
(directrix)
S Fixed
point
(focus)
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. The eccentricity of an ellipse is?

A e=1

B e=0

C e>1

D e<1
 CONIC SECTIONS
Solution:
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. The eccentricity of an ellipse is?

A e=1

B e=0

C e>1

D e<1
CONIC SECTIONS
CONIC SECTIONS
 CONIC SECTIONS
x2 y2
+ =1
a2 a2 (1 – e2)
This is standard equation of ellipse
With focus (ae, 0) and directrix x = a/e
Y-axis
(x = 0)

(0, b)

II I
(–a, 0) (–ae, 0) (ae, 0) X – axis
(a, 0)
(y = 0)

(0, –b) a
a x= e
x=–
e

II I
 CONIC SECTIONS
Ellipse

x2 y
Standard Ellipse + 2 = 1, when b > a
a b
2 2

a 2
e2 = 1 – 2
b
 CONIC SECTIONS
b Y-axis
y=
e

I
(0, be)

Major axis
X-axis
(0, 0)

II
(0, –be)

b
y=–
e
Minor
axis
 CONIC SECTIONS
Length of the Latus Rectum of Ellipse
CONIC SECTIONS
 CONIC SECTIONS
The sum of the focal distance of any point on an
ellipse is constant and equal to the length of the
major axis of the ellipse.
 CONIC SECTIONS
Ellipse

Centre (0, 0) (0, 0)

Vertices (a, 0) and (-a, 0) (0, b) and (0, -b)

Foci (ae, 0) and (-ae, 0) (0, be) and (0, -be)

Length of the minor axis 2b 2a

Length of the major axis 2a 2b

Equations of the minor axis x=0 y=0

Equation of the major axis y=0 x=0

Equations of the directrices

 CONIC SECTIONS
Ellipse

Eccentricity

Length of the latusrectum

Focal distances of a
a ± ex b ± ey
point (x, y)
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. Eccentricity of ellipse

A 5/3

B ⅗

C ¾

D 5/4
 CONIC SECTIONS
Solution:
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. Eccentricity of ellipse

A 5/3

B ⅗

C ¾

D 5/4
CONIC SECTIONS
Q. The equation of the ellipse having
foci(4,0), (-4,0) and minor axis of length 16
units is:

D
 CONIC SECTIONS
Solution:
CONIC SECTIONS
Q. The equation of the ellipse having
foci(4,0),(-4,0) and minor axis of length 16
units is:

D
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. Length of latus rectum of ellipse is

D
 CONIC SECTIONS
Solution:
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. Length of latus rectum of ellipse is

D
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. The length of the latus rectum of the

ellipse 3x2+y2 = 12 is

D
 CONIC SECTIONS
Solution:
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. The length of the latus rectum of the

ellipse 3x2+y2 = 12 is

D
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. The foci of an ellipse are (±3,0) and its

eccentricity is ⅓ , find its equation.

D
 CONIC SECTIONS
Solution:
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. The foci of an ellipse are (±3,0) and its

eccentricity is ⅓ , find its equation.

D
 CONIC SECTIONS
Hyperbola

Definition
M P (x, y)
It is locus of a point which moves
such that ratio of its distance from Fixed line
a fixed point to its distance from a (directrix)
S Fixed point
fixed line is always a constant (focus)
greater than 1.
PS
= constant = e
PM

where ‘e’ is eccentricity : e > 1

CONIC SECTIONS
CONIC SECTIONS
 CONIC SECTIONS
Hyperbola

x2 y2
+ =1
a2 a2 (1 – Y
e 2) 2
Here, e > 1 So, a (1 – e2) is
negative
We put a2 (1 – e2) = –b2
(–ae, 0) S′ X
x2 y2 S (ae, 0)
– =1 a
a2 b 2 x=
a e
x=– e
This is standard
equation of hyperbola
 CONIC SECTIONS
Hyperbola

y x2
Standard Hyperbola 2 2 – 2 = 1
b a

Choice of transverse axis and conjugate axis

depends on whose sign is negative in equation
of hyperbola
⮚ We have studied hyperbola
x2 y2
– =1
a 2 b 2

where, transverse axis is along x-

axis.
 CONIC SECTIONS

Transverse axis

⮚ For hyperbola Y
y2 x2
– =1
b2 a 2

Transverse axis is along y-axis.

Transverse axis
X

Conjugate
axis
 CONIC SECTIONS
Length of the Latus Rectum of Hyperbola
CONIC SECTIONS
 CONICHyperbola
SECTIONS

Coordinates of the centre (0, 0) (0, 0)

Coordinates of the vertices (a, 0) and (-a, 0) (0, b) and (0, -b)

Coordinates of foci (±ae, o) (0, ±be)

Length of the transverse axis 2a 2b

Length of the conjugate axis 2b 2a

Equations of the directrices

Eccentricity
 CONIC SECTIONS
Hyperbola

Length of the latusrectum

Equation of the transverse axis y=0 x=0
Equation of the conjugate axis x=0 y=0
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. The eccentricity of the hyperbola

is

D
 CONIC SECTIONS
Solution:
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. The eccentricity of the hyperbola

is

D
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. Find the directrix of hyperbola

D y=0
 CONIC SECTIONS
Solution:
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. Find the directrix of hyperbola

D y=0
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. The length of latus rectum of the

hyperbola is

A 10

B 12

C 14

D 15
 CONIC SECTIONS
Solution:
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. The length of latus rectum of the

hyperbola is

A 10

B 12

C 14

D 15
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. The equation of the hyperbola, whose

eccentricity is √2 and whose foci are 16
units apart, is

A 9x2-4y2=36

B 2x2-3y2=7

C x2-y2=16

D x2-y2=32
 CONIC SECTIONS
Solution:
CONIC SECTIONS

Q. The equation of the hyperbola, whose

eccentricity is √2 and whose foci are 16
units apart, is

A 9x2-4y2=36

B 2x2-3y2=7

C x2-y2=16

D x2-y2=32