WEEK 3 – 2ND - QUARTER

CHORD AND ARC

MATH 10 – CLASS
 At the end of the lesson, the
learners will be able to;
a. identify chords
b. find the measurement of
chord and arc.
c. identify tangent to the circle.
d. prove if the given is tangent to the circle.
e. find the angle formed by secant and tangent.
CHORDS
What is a chord?
 Any segment with endpoints that are
on the circle
 The endpoints of a chord are also the
endpoints of an arc.
 𝐴𝐵 is a chord, while
⌢ is formed by the same endpoints.
𝐴𝐵
 THEOREM 1 A

In the same

circle, or in
congruent circles,
two minor arcs
are congruent if
and only if their C

corresponding B

chords are ⌢ ⌢
congruent. AB  𝐵𝐶 if and only if 𝐴𝐵  𝐵𝐶
THEOREM 2
Ifa diameter (or radius) of a F

circle is perpendicular to a
chord, then the diameter
bisects the chord and its arc. E
G

From this, if one chord is a

D
perpendicular bisector of
another chord, then the ⌢
⌢
first chord is a diameter.
𝐷𝐸  𝐸𝐹 , DG  𝐺𝐹
EXAMPLE 1:
You can⌢use Theorem 1 to D
(x + 40)°
find m AD . 2x°
C
Because AD  DC,
C

⌢ ⌢
So, m AD = m DC AA
B
B
2x = x + 40
x = 40
⌢
mAD = 800
 EX. 2: FINDING THE CENTER OF A CIRCLE
Step 1: Draw any
two chords that are Step 2: Draw the
not parallel to each perpendicular
other. bisector of each
chord. These are
the diameters.
EX. 2: FINDING THE CENTER OF A CIRCLE

 Step3: The
perpendicular
bisectors intersect at
the circle’s center. center
THEOREM 3 C
G

 Inthe same circle, or in

D
congruent circles, two
chords are congruent if and
only if they are equidistant
E
from the center.
 (recall distance is measured by
a perpendicular line)
AB  CD if and only if B

EF  EG. F
A
EX. 3: USING THEOREM 3
AB = 8; DE = 8, and CD = 5. A

Find CF. 8 F

CF = CG B

Apply Pythagorean Theorem C

(DG)2 + (CG)2 = (CD)2
42 + (CG)2 = 52 E

(CG)2 = 25 - 16 CG = 3 units 5
8
(CG)2 = 9 CF = CG G

CG = 9 CF = 3 units D
Find the value of x.

12 units 500 16.8 units 25 units

 T
TANGENT
Tangent – a line S
in the plane of
a circle that
intersects the
circle in exactly
one point.

ST is a tangent
TANGENT CIRCLES
Tangent circles – coplanar
circles that intersect in one
point

 Concentric circles – coplanar circles that

have the same center.
DEFINITIONS
Common tangent – a line or
segment that is tangent to two
coplanar circles
 Common internal tangent – intersects
the segment that joins the centers of
the two circles
 Common external tangent – does not
intersect the segment that joins the
centers of the two circles
 Tellwhether the common tangents are
EXAMPLE 1
internal or external.

a. b.

common internal tangents common external tangents

 PERPENDICULAR TANGENT
POINT OF TANGENCY
THEOREM
Point of tangency – the If a line is tangent to a circle,
point at which a tangent then it is perpendicular to the
line intersects the circle radius drawn to the point of
to which it is tangent tangency.
If l is tangent to Q at P, then l ⊥ QP. l

point of P
tangency

Q
PERPENDICULAR TANGENT
CONVERSE l

P
In a plane, if a line is
perpendicular to a
radius of a circle at its Q
endpoint on the
circle, then the line is
tangent to the circle.
If l ⊥ QP at P, then l is tangent to Q.
EXAMPLE 2 Tell whether CE is tangent to D.

Use the converse of the Pythagorean

C
Theorem to see if the triangle is right. 43
E
45
112 + 432 ? 452
11
121 + 1849 ? 2025 D
1970  2025

CED is not right, so CE is not tangent to D.

 SEATWORK Find the radius r.
In the diagram, a tangent and a line
drawn to the point of tangency
form a right triangle. Solve for “x"
(the length of the hypotenuse)

r2 + 42 = (2 + r)2
r2 + 16 = 4 + 4r + r2
92 + 122 = x2
16 = 4 + 4r
x2 = 81 + 144 16 – 4 = 4r
x2 = 225 4r = 12
x = 15 units r = 3 units
CONGRUENT TANGENT SEGMENTS EXAMPLE 5
THEOREM D
x2 + 2
 If two segments from the same exterior
point are tangent to a circle, then they C A
are congruent.
11
B
R
AB is tangent to C at B.
P AD is tangent to C at D.
S
Find the value of x. AD = AB
T
x2 + 2 = 11
If SR and ST are tangent to P, then SR  ST. x2 = 9
x = 3 units
EXAMPLE 6. Find the Perimeter

54 units
 Let’s Check Your Understanding
Find the segment length indicated. Assume that
lines which appear to be tangent are tangent.
1. 2. 3.
 Let’s Check Your Understanding
Find A, B, and the Perimeter
A= 19.1 units
A

B B= 16.4 units

C=
D D=
C

P=
CLASSIFICATIONS OF ANGLES WITH CIRCLES
CASE 1
Vertex is on the circle
Theorem
If a secant and a
tangent intersect at 1 A B
𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 𝑚𝐵𝐶 D
the point of 2
tangency, then the
measure of each 1
angle formed is one 𝑚∠𝐷𝐵𝐶 = 𝑚𝐵𝐸𝐶 C
2 E
half the measure of
the intercepted arc.
Example 1. Secant-Tangent Angle
Find the mABC if mAB = 102°
D
Solution
A
ADB = 3600 - 1020
102°
ADB = 2580
C
B
𝐴𝐷𝐵
mABC =
2
2580
mABC = mABC = 1290
2
Example 2. Secant-Tangent Angle
Find the mRPS if mPT = 114° R
and mTS = 136° P
Solution
Q
PS = 3600 – (1140 + 1360) S
114° B
PS = 3600 – 2500
PS = 1100 T
𝑃𝑆 136°
mRPS =
2
1100
mRPS =
2
mRPS = 550
CASE 2
Vertex is inside the circle
Theorem
If two secants intersect A
in the interior of a D
2
circle, then the 1
measure of the angle B
formed is one half the C
sum of the measure of 1
the arcs intercepted by 𝑚∠1 = (𝑚𝐴𝐶 + 𝑚𝐵𝐷)
2
the angle and its 1
vertical angle. 𝑚∠2 = (𝑚𝐴𝐷 + 𝑚𝐵𝐶)
2
 Example 1 Secant-Secant Angle
Find m1, m 2 and m 3 if mBC = 300
and mAD = 200 B •30°
A •3 •2 •1
20° C
Solution D
E
𝑚𝐴𝐷 + 𝑚𝐵𝐶
m1 =
2
200 + 300
m1 = m2 = 1800 - 250
2
m1 = 250 m2 = 1550

Since 1 and 3 are vertical angles so, m1 = m 3

Example 2 Secant-Secant Angle
Find m4 if mFG = 880 F
88°
and mEH = 760
Solution G
•4
•3
𝑚𝐸𝐻 + 𝑚𝐹𝐺 E
m3 = 76° H
2
760 + 880
m3 = m4 = 1800 - 820
2
1640 m4 = 980
m3 =
2
m3 = 820
 CASE 3 Vertex is outside the circle

If two secants, a secant and a tangent, or two

Theorem tangents intersect in the exterior of a circle, then
the measure of the angle formed is one-half the
positive difference of the measures of the
intercepted arcs.
 Two Secants Secant-Tangent Two Tangents

D A D
E
B
B B C
C C
A A
A
1 1 1
𝑚∠𝐴 = (𝑚𝐷𝐸 − 𝑚𝐵𝐶) 𝑚∠𝐴 = (𝑚𝐴𝐶 − 𝑚𝐵𝐶) 𝑚∠𝐴 = (𝑚𝐵𝐷𝐶 − 𝑚𝐵𝐶)
2 2 2
Example 1 Secant-Secant Angle

Find x
x°
Solution •120 •50°
°
1200 − 500
mx =
2
700
mx =
2

mx = 350
Example 2 . Secant-Secant Angle
Find x

0 0
141 − 𝑥
620 = 62°
2
141° •x°
620 ( 2) = 1410 – x0

124 = 141 - x

x = 141 - 124
x = 170
Example 3 Tangent-Tangent Angle
Find x

11° x°

0
(360 −𝑥)0− 𝑥
110 =
2 338
360 −2𝑥 x =
0
11 = 2
2
x = 1690
11(2) = 360 – 2x
shortcut
22 = 360 - 2x
1800 – degrees sa labas
2x = 360 - 22
1800 – 110
2x = 338 1690
 Let’s Check Your Understanding
Use the given measures to solve for the
angle.
2. 3.
1.
 Let’s Check Your Understanding
Use the given measures to solve for the
angle.
4. 5. 6.
 Let’s Check Your Understanding

90°
7=
1=
2= 8=

3= 9=

4=  10 =
11 =
5=
6= 20°
 12 =
40°