S

LEARNING TARGETS
• I can identify segments and lines related
to circles;
• I can learn how to use the properties of a
tangent to a circle; and
• I can appreciate the importance of circle
in our lives by giving example/s.
 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

• How can I identify segments and

lines related to circles?
• How can I use properties of a
tangent to a circle?
• What field in real life I can relate
the application of circle?
CRELIC TREEMAID JOMAR CAR
CANTREL
DARIUS GENTNAT
LENGA

CRIEDBINS
DORCH MIRECCILES LENGA

TECANS MIRON CAR

CRELIC TREEMAID JOMAR CAR
CIRCLE DIAMETER MAJOR ARC

DARIUS GENTNAT CANTREL LENGA

RADIUS TANGENT CENTRAL ANGLE

DORCH MIRECCILES CRIEDBINS LENGA

CHORD SEMI CIRCLE INSCRIBED ANGLE

TECANS MIRON CAR

SECANT MINOR ARC
 DEFINITIONS
• A circle is the set of all points in a plane that are
equidistant from a given point called the center of the
circle.
• Radius – the distance from the center to a point on the
circle
• Congruent circles – circles that have the same radius.
• Diameter – the distance across the circle through its
center
 DIAGRAM OF IMPORTANT
TERMS

center
radius
P
diameter

name of circle: P
 DEFINITION

• CHORD – A segment whose endpoints

are points on the circle.
B

A
AB is a chord
 DEFINITION

• SECANT – A line that intersects a

circle in two points.
N

MN is a secant
 DEFINITION

TANGENT – A line in the plane of a

circle that intersects the circle in exactly
one point. T

ST is a tangent
EXAMPLE
1

a. AH tangent

b. EI diameter
B E
C F
c. DF chord

I G
d. CE radius

A D
 DEFINITION

• TANGENT CIRCLES – Coplanar circles

that intersect in one point.
 DEFINITION

• CONCENTRIC CIRCLES – Coplanar

circles that have the same center.

 DEFINITIONS
• COMMON TANGENT – A line or segment that is
tangent to two coplanar circles.
• COMMON INTERNAL TANGENT – Intersects the
segment that joins the centers of the two circles.
• COMMON EXTERNAL TANGENT – Does not intersect
the segment that joins the centers of the two circles.

common external tangent

common internal tangent
 EXAMPLE 2

• TELL WHETHER THE COMMON TANGENTS ARE INTERNAL

OR
a. EXTERNAL. b.

common internal tangents common external tangents

 MORE DEFINITIONS

• Interior of a circle – consists of the

points that are inside the circle
• Exterior of a circle – consists of the
points that are outside the circle
 DEFINITION

• Point of tangency – the point at which a

tangent line intersects the circle to which it
is tangent

point of tangency
 PERPENDICULAR TANGENT
THEOREM
• If a line is tangent to a circle, then it is
perpendicular to the radius drawn to the
point of tangency. l

If l is tangent to Q at P, then l  QP.

 PERPENDICULAR TANGENT
CONVERSE
• In a plane, if a line is perpendicular to a
radius of a circle at its endpoint on the
circle, then the line is tangent to the circle.
l

If l  QP at P, then l is tangent to Q.
 DEFINITION

• Central angle – an angle whose vertex is

the center of a circle.
central
angle
 DEFINITIONS
Minor arc – part of a circle that measures less than 180°
Major arc – part of a circle that measures between 180° and
360°.
Semicircle – an arc whose endpoints are the endpoints of a
diameter of the circle.
Note : major arcs and semicircles are named with three
points and minor arcs are named with two points
 DIAGRAM OF ARCS

A
minor arc: AB

major arc: ABD

D B
C
semicircle: BAD
 DEFINITIONS

• Measure of a minor arc – the measure of its

central angle
• Measure of a major arc – the difference
between 360° and the measure of its
associated minor arc.
 ARC ADDITION POSTULATE
• The measure of an arc formed by two
adjacent arcs is the sum of the measures of
the two arcs. A

mABC = mAB + mBC

B
 DEFINITION

• Congruent arcs – two arcs of the same

circle or of congruent circles that have the
same measure
 ARCS AND CHORDS THEOREM
• In the same circle, or in congruent circles,
two minor arcs are congruent if and only if
their corresponding chords are congruent.
A

AB  BC if and only if AB  BC
B

C
 PERPENDICULAR DIAMETER
THEOREM
• If a diameter of a circle is perpendicular to
a chord, then the diameter bisects the chord
and its arc.
F
DE  EF, DG  FG

E
G

D
 PERPENDICULAR DIAMETER
CONVERSE
• If one chord is a perpendicular bisector of
another chord, then the first chord is a
diameter.
J
M

L
JK is a diameter of the circle.
 CONGRUENT CHORDS THEOREM

• In the same circle, or in congruent circles,

two chords are congruent if and only if
they are equidistant from the center.
C

G
AB  CD if and only if EF EG.
E D

B
F
A
 RIGHT TRIANGLES
PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM
Radius is perpendicular to the
tangent.  < E is a right angle C
43
E
45
11

D
 EXAMPLE 3

Tell whether CE is tangent to D. C

43
E
Use the converse of the Pythagorean 45
Theorem to see if the triangle is right. 11

D
11 + 43 ? 45
2 2 2

121 + 1849 ? 2025

1970  2025

CED is not right, so CE is not tangent to D.

 CONGRUENT TANGENT SEGMENTS
THEOREM

• If two segments from the same exterior

point are tangent to a circle, then they are
congruent. R

P
S
T

If SR and ST are tangent to P, then SR  ST.

 EXAMPLE 4

AB is tangent to C at B. D
AD is tangent to C at D. x2 + 2

Find the value of x. C A

11
AD = AB
B
x2 + 2 = 11

x2 = 9

x = 3
 EXAMPLE 1

• FIND THE MEASURE OF EACH ARC.

a. LM 70°
N L
P 70
b. MNL 360° - 70° = 290°

c. LMN 180° M
 EXAMPLE 2
• Find the measures of the red arcs. Are the arcs congruent?
A
C

41

41
D

mAC = mDE = 41 E

Since the arcs are in the same circle, they are congruent!
 EXAMPLE 3
B
Find mBC.
(3x + 11) (2x + 48)

3x + 11 = 2x + 48
A
x = 37

D C
mBC = 2(37) + 48

mBC = 122
 DEFINITIONS
• Inscribed angle – an angle whose vertex is on a
circle and whose sides contain chords of the
circle
• Intercepted arc – the arc that lies in the interior
of an inscribed angle and has endpoints on the
angle
intercepted arc

inscribed angle
MEASURE OF AN INSCRIBED ANGLE THEOREM

• If an angle is inscribed in a circle, then its

measure is half the measure of its intercepted
A
arc.

1 C
mADB = mAB D
2 B
 EXAMPLE 1
• Find the measure of the blue arc or angle.

E
a. S R b.
80
F
Q G
T

1
mQTS = 2(90) = 180 mEFG = (80) = 40
2
 CONGRUENT INSCRIBED ANGLES
THEOREM
• If two inscribed angles of a circle intercept the
same arc, then the angles are congruent.
A

B
C
D
C  D
 EXAMPLE 2

It is given that mE = 75. What is mF?

Since E and F both intercept D

the same arc, we know that the
angles must be congruent.
E
mF = 75
F
H
 DEFINITIONS
• Inscribed polygon – a polygon whose vertices
all lie on a circle.
• Circumscribed circle – a circle with an
inscribed polygon.

The polygon is an inscribed polygon and

the circle is a circumscribed circle.
 INSCRIBED RIGHT TRIANGLE
THEOREM
• If a right triangle is inscribed in a circle, then the
hypotenuse is a diameter of the circle. Conversely, if
one side of an inscribed triangle is a diameter of the
circle, then the triangle is a right triangle and the
angle opposite the diameter is the right angle.
A

B is a right angle if and only if AC

is a diameter of the circle.
B
C
 INSCRIBED QUADRILATERAL
THEOREM
• A quadrilateral can be inscribed in a circle if and
only if its opposite angles are supplementary.

F
C

D
G

D, E, F, and G lie on some circle, C if and only if

mD + mF = 180 and mE + mG = 180.
 EXAMPLE 3
• FIND THE VALUE OF EACH VARIABLE.

D
a. b.
B z
G y 120 E
Q

A 2x
80

F
C
mD + mF = 180 mG + mE = 180
2x = 90
z + 80 = 180 y + 120 = 180
x = 45
z = 100 y = 60
 TANGENT-CHORD THEOREM
• If a tangent and a chord intersect at a point on a circle, then
the measure of each angle formed is one half the measure of
its intercepted arc.

B
1
m1 = mAB C
2

1 1
m2 = mBCA 2
2 A
 EXAMPLE 1
Line m is tangent to the circle. Find mRST
m
R
102

mRST = 2(102)
S
mRST = 204

T
 TRY THIS!
Line m is tangent to the circle. Find m1
1
m1 = (150)
2 R
1
m
m1 = 75
150
T
 EXAMPLE 2
BC is tangent to the circle. Find mCBD. C
A
(9x+20)

5x B
2(5x) = 9x + 20

10x = 9x + 20

x = 20
D
mCBD = 5(20)
mCBD = 100
 INTERIOR INTERSECTION
THEOREM
• If two chords intersect in the interior of a circle, then
the measure of each angle is one half the sum of the
measures of the arcs intercepted by the angle and its
vertical angle.

1 D
m1 = (mCD + mAB) A
2
1
2
1
m2 = (mAD + mBC) C
2 B
 EXAMPLE 3
P
• Find the value of x. 106
Q
1
x = (mPS + mRQ)
2 x
1 S
x = (106+174)
2 174 R
1
x= (280)
2

x = 140
 TRY THIS!
T
• Find the value of x. 40

1 S
x = (mST + mRU) x
2
U
1
x = (40+120)
2
R 120
1
x= (160)
2

x = 80
 EXTERIOR INTERSECTION
THEOREM
• If a tangent and a secant, two tangents, or
two secants intersect in the exterior of a
circle, then the measure of the angle
formed is one half the difference of the
measures of the intercepted arcs.
 DIAGRAMS FOR EXTERIOR
INTERSECTION THEOREM
B
A P
1
2
Q
C R
1
1 m2 = (mPQR - mPR)
m1 = (mBC - mAC) X 2
2
W
3
Z Y
1
m3 = (mXY - mWZ)
2
 EXAMPLE 4
• Find the value of x.

1
72 = (200 - x) 200
2

144 = 200 - x
x 72


x = 56
 EXAMPLE 5
• Find the value of x.
A
mABC = 360 - 92 B

mABC = 268 92 x

1
x= (268 - 92) C
2
1
x = (176)
2

x = 88
 CHORD PRODUCT THEOREM

• If two chords intersect in the interior of a circle, then the

product of the lengths of the segments of one chord is equal
to the product of the lengths of the segments of the other
chord.
C
B
EA  EB = EC  ED
E

D
A
 EXAMPLE 1

• Find the value of x. B

3
3(6) = 9x C
x
E
9
18 = 9x A 6

x=2
D
 TRY THIS!

• Find the value of x. B C

x 9
9(12) = 18x E
12
108 = 18x A 18

x=6
D
 SECANT-SECANT THEOREM
• If two secant segments share the same endpoint
outside a circle, then the product of the length of one
secant segment and the length of its external segment
equals the product of the length of the other secant
segment and the length of its external segment.
B

EA  EB = EC  ED
A
D
E C
 EXAMPLE 2
• Find the value of x.
N
11
LM  LN = LO  LP
M
9(20) = 10(10+x) 9

180 = 100 + 10x L

10
80 = 10x
O x
x=8
P
 TRY THIS!
D
11
• Find the value of x. E
10
DE  DF = DG  DH 12
F
11(21) = 12(12 + x)
G
x
231 = 144 + 12x

87 = 12x H
x = 7.25
 SECANT-TANGENT THEOREM
• If a secant segment and a tangent segment share an
endpoint outside a circle, then the product of the
length of the secant segment and the length of its
external segment equals the square of the length of
the tangent segment. A

(EA)2 = EC  ED
E
C
D
 EXAMPLE 3
• Find the value of x.
C 24
B
CB2 = CD(CA) 12

242 = 12(12 + x) D

576 = 144 + 12x x

432 = 12x
A
x = 36
 TRY THIS!

• Find the value of x.

WX2 = XY(XZ) W

102 = 5(5 + 3x) 10

100 = 25 + 15x
X 5 Y 3x Z
75 = 15x

x=5
 GRADED SEATWORK

 Answer the following in 1 whole sheet of

paper. Show your solution.
Page 189, Activity 5, #s: 2, 4, 5, 6, 10
Page 205, Activity 6, #s: 1, 3, 5, 8, 10