Circles and Its Parts

Center – a point in the circle equidistant to the points on the circumference of the circle.
Radius – a line segment joining the center and any point on the circumference of the circle.
Chord – a line segment joining any two points on the circumference of the circle.
Diameter – a line segment passing through the center and joining any two points on the circumference of the circle.
It is also considered as the longest chord.
Secant – a line that passes through any two points on the circumference of the circle.
Tangent – a line that intersects the circle at exactly one point.
Point of Tangency – it is the point of intersection of the circle and the tangent line.
Tangent Segments – segments formed by two intersecting tangent lines and whose endpoints are the points of
tangency and the point of intersection of the two tangent lines.

Exercise 1:
B
Based on the definitions of terms above and the figure at the right, name the following. A

1. a circle: _________ 4. a tangent: ________ C

2. a radius: ________ 5. a chord: __________
E O
3. a secant: ________ 6. a diameter: ________
C
Tell whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.
D
1. The diameter of a circle is considered as the longest chord.
2. The measure of the radius is twice the measure of the diameter.
3. Given a circle and a tangent line, there will always be one point of tangency only.
4. All the segments drawn from the center to any point on the circle are congruent.
5. The circumference of the circle is equal to twice the radius multiplied by pi.

Tangent Line and its Properties

 Tangent Conjecture Tangent Segments Conjecture

A tangent to a circle is always perpendicular to the Tangent segments to a circle from a point outside the
radius drawn to the point of tangency. circle are congruent. B
B A
A
C

O
O
D

Common External Tangent of Two Circles Common Internal Tangent of Two Circles

The intersection of the common tangent line and the The common tangent line of two circles and the line
line segment joining the centers of the two circles is segment joining the centers intersect at a point.
empty. A B
B A
O O
P P
O O
B

Internally Tangent Circles Externally Tangent Circles

Circles that are tangent to each other and whose set of Circles that are tangent to each other and whose sets
all points of the other circle is a subset of the set of of all points of the two circles are disjoint.
points of the other circle.

Exercise 2:
Figure Construction: Follow the instructions properly and neatly to construct the following figures.

1. Two circles M and N that are tangent to each other internally.

2. Circle H with a tangent line l.
3. Three circles A, B and C that are tangent to each other externally.
4. Circles X and Y with common external tangent line m.
5. Three circles G, H, and I with a common internal tangent line t.

1. m ∠ DEF=( 4 x +10)° , what is the value of x? 3. TA = 15 and TH = 4x – 1, what is the value of x?

4. If AT = 5x – 6 and TH = 3x + 10, what is the measure
2. m ∠FEG=(6 x−6 )° , what is the value of x and of the two segments?
measure of ∠ DEF ? 5. AT is 5 less than thrice x and TH is 5 more than x,
D what is the value of x and the measure of the two
E segments?
G A
T
F
M

H
Using the tangent and tangent segment conjectures, answer the following.
Angles and Arcs
Minor Arc Major Arc Semi – Circle
An arc on the circumference of a An arc on the circumference of a An arc whose measure is exactly
circle whose measure is less than circle whose measure is more than 180 ° and whose endpoints are the
180 ° . A 180 ° . endpoints of the diameter.
B B E

A
D F

C
Naming: AB or arc AB Naming: ABC or arc ABC Naming: DEF or arc DEF

Congruent Arcs Adjacent Arcs Arc Length

Arcs having equal measures. Arcs in a circle that have exactly one The distance between the endpoints
point in common. of an arc measured in linear units.
A
A
B θ
B s= 2 πr
360

Central Angle Inscribed Angle Arc Addition Postulate

An angle whose vertex is at the An angle whose vertex lies on the Given a circle with arcs AB and BC,
center of the circle. Its measure is circumference of the circle. Its
always equal to the intercepted arc. measure is half of the measure of the mAB + mBC = mABC
intercepted arc.
A A B
B B
A
O

C
E

Exercise 3:
N
Using the figure at the right, name the following.
X
1. a minor arc: ____ 4. a central angle: ____
2. a major arc: ____ 5. an inscribed angle: ____ E L
O
3. a semi – circle: ____ 6. a pair of adjacent arcs: ____

C
True or False: Read each statement carefully then identify if it is true or false.

1. If the measure of the intercepted arc of a central angle is78 ° , then the measure of the central angle is also 78 ° .
2. Adjacent arcs can also be congruent arcs.
3. If the measure of an inscribed angle is 38 ° , then the measure of its intercepted arc is 19 ° .
4. Two inscribed angles intercepting the same arc are congruent.
5. If the measure of an arc is 180 ° , then it is a semi – circle.

Answer the following:

1. r = 3cm, C = ?, A = ? 3. C =14 π cm, r = ?, A = ?

2. d = 28m, C = ?, A = ? 4. A = 25 π m2, r = ?, C = ?
S
1. m ∠ SMC=56 ° ; mSC =(3 x +10)° 2. m ∠ DFE=(3 x +3)° ; m DE=(4 x−22)°
D
Find the value of x and m ∠ SQC . C Find the value of x, mDE and m ∠ DGE . E

M F
Q

3. m ∠ MTA=(14 x +20)° ; mHM =(25 x +4)° ; 4. mHI =mIK=11 x ° and mHK =14 x

Find the value of x, m ∠ MTH and mMA . Find the value of x, mHI and mHK . H
M
A
K
T J
I
H
Answer the following. Show your complete solution.

Answer the following properly.

1. How do you attain excellence? Assess yourself. Are you competent enough to face the more challenging reality of
life? Why did you say so?

2. How important it is to have good study habits? How do you study at home? At school? Explain your answer as
briefly as you can.

3. Isiah 54: 2 – 3
“Make the tent you live in larger; lengthen its ropes and strengthen the pegs! You will extend your boundaries on all
sides.”
Explain on how you understand the text in relation to our topic. How do you show the extension of your life to others?
What are the things you do to show it?
 Angles Formed by Chords, Secants and Tangents
If two secant lines or chords If a secant and a tangent intersect If two secants, a secant and a
intersect at the interior of a circle, at the point of tangency, then the tangent, or two tangents intersect
then the measure of the angle formed measure of each angle formed is in the exterior of a circle, then the
is one half of the sum of the arcs one half the measure of the measure of the angle formed is one
intercepted by the angle and its intercepted arc. half the difference of the measures
vertical angle. of the intercepted arcs.
C
A
B A D
A B B
E E
O
O O
D
C C

mAB+mDC mAB mBC−mDE

m ∠ AEB= m ∠CAB= m ∠BAC =
2 2 2

Exercise 4:
E
Identify whether the statements are TRUE or FALSE. Refer to the figure at the right. A
F
1. If m ∠ EAB=75° , then mAC=150° . B
2. ∠ ABD and ∠ FBC are vertical angles.
3. If mAF =30° and mDC=70 ° , then m ∠ DBC=60 ° . O
4. If mADC=220 ° and mAD=120 ° , then mDC=100 ° . D C
5. If mAD=150 ° and mAF =50° , then m ∠ AEF=50 ° .

Answer the following:

1. m ∠FBC =58 ° , mAD=(5 x +7 )° and 2. m ∠ ADB=58 ° , mFB=(18 x +10 )° and

mFC=(7 x−35 )° mAB=(7 x +8 )°

x:______ A F x:______ F
mAD :_____ B mAB :_____
mFC :_____ O
mFB :_____ A
D O
D C

Answer the following questions properly.

1. How will you show competence in math? in this particular topic? What are the things you think you still need to
know to be ready on the next discussions?

2. Ephesians 4:29
“Let no corrupting talk come out of your mouths, but only such as is good for building up, as fits the occasion, that it
may give grace to those who hear.”

In this topic, we discussed about the relationship of the measures of arcs and angles. In your own opinion, how do
words of other people affect your beliefs, especially your confidence about it? Is it beneficial for you to hear another
version of what you believe in or not? Make a short essay showing your side about these particular questions. (Write
it at the back page of this paper)
 Theorems on Chords
(Theorems on secant, tangent and segments)

In the same circle, or in congruent circles, two minor If the diameter is perpendicular to a chord, then it
arcs are congruent if and only if their chords are bisects the chord and its arc.
congruent. A
B
D Given: AB⊥CD D
Given: AB≃CD
B
O Conclusion: CE≃ED O E
Conclusion: AB≃CD AC≃ AD
A
C C

In the same circle or in congruent circles, two chords If two chords of a circle are unequal in length, then the
are equidistant from the center if and only if they are longer chord is nearer to the center of the circle.
congruent. A A

E D
E
D
Given: AB≃CD Given: CD > AB
O O
Conclusion: EO≃OF B
F Conclusion: OF <OE B F

C C

Exercise 5:

Using the given circle at the right, identify if the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.
A
1. If AB≃CD then EO≃OF . D
E
2. If AB≃CD then AB >CD .
O
3. If EO >OF then AB <CD . B F
4. If OF ⊥CD then CF = FD .
5. if AB≃CD then AB≃CD . C

Solve for what is asked.

C
B
AO⊥CD
1. Given:
3. ∆ BOE is an equilateral triangle B
A
E
with perimeter equal to 36cm. Find
ED=5 x+16 D
the measure of altitude OA, the
CE=10 x−4 O E circumference of the circle and its O
Find: x = _____ area.
A
ED = _____
CD = _____ C

2. Find the measure of the radius of the circle, its 4. OC = 17m and the AC = 2m, find the measure of the
circumference and area if OE = 20cm and CD = segment BE.
42cm.
r = _____
C = _____
A = _____

Answer the question properly.

1. 1 Corinthians 10:17
“for we being many are one bread, and one body: for we are all partakers…”

How do you describe unity in your classroom? How does humility help you in maintaining harmonious relationship
with the people around you especially in your classroom?
 Segments Formed on a Circle
(Theorems on secant, tangent and segments)

Segments of Chords Theorem Secant Segments Theorem Secant and Tangent Intersect

If two chords intersect in a circle, If two secants intersect in the If a tangent and a secant in the
then the products of the lengths of exterior of the circle, then the exterior of the circle, then the square
the chord segments are equal. product of the measures of the of the measure of the tangent
secant segment and its external segment is equal to the product of
B A secant segment is equal to the the measures of the secant and its
E product of the other secant and its external secant segment.
D external secant segment. B
O A
B C
C C
D O
BE∙ ED= AE ∙ EC D O
E
E
AC ∙CB=EC ∙CD 2
CB =EC ∙ CD

Exercise 6

Identify whether the given statement is TRUE or FALSE. (Refer to the figure at the right)
A
B
1. If AC = 5, CF = 14 and CD = 7, then BC = 10. C
2. If BD is twice BC, then BC ∙CD is a perfect square. D
3. If AH = 15 and FH = 6 then the product of HG and GI is 90. E
4. If HI = 17 and GI = 9, then the product of HA and HF is 136. F O
I
5. If AC = 5 and AF = 12 then the product of BC and CD equals 35. G
H
Solve for what is asked.
A
1. DE = (5x – 6), BE = 5 and the A 3. AC = 14 and AB = x.
B B
product of AE and EC is 95. If CD = 7 and DE = 5,
C
Find the value of x and DB. E what is the value of x
D and CB? O
O D

C E

2. The product of BE and BD is 64 4. The product of CB and CD is 36, AC is thrice as long

and BE = 4. What is the measure of as CB. If AC = 12, how long is CE?
AE if EC equals 16.

Answer the questions properly.

1. 1 Peter 4:10
“Each one should use whatever gift he has received to serve others, faithfully administering God’s grace in its various
forms.”

What gift of God do you consider as the most important gift? How does it help you in terms of your performances
academically?

2. Asses the priorities of our government today, make a pie graph showing the most prioritized aspects up to the least
ones.