CIRCLES

Point of Tangency
Center Secant
Radius
Diameter
Chord
Tangent
Arc
 CIRCLE

Let P be a point in a given

plane, and let r be a positive P
number. r
The circle with center P and
radius r is the set of all
points of the plane whose
distance from P is equal to r.
 CENTER
A fixed point of a
circle.
RADIUS
A radius (plural: radii) of
a circle is a segment from
the center to a point of the
circle.
A

The point A is called the

outer end of the radius
PA.
DIAMETER
A diameter of a circle
is a chord containing
the center.

Diameter
CHORD
A chord of a circle is a
segment whose
endpoints lie on the
circle.

Chord
 SECANT
A secant of the circle is Secant
a line which intersects
the circle in two points.
 TANGENT
Point of Tangency

A tangent of the circle

is a line which
intersects the circle in
one point.

Tangent
EXAMPLE 1:
IDENTIFY THE
FOLLOWING:
a. Circle
b. Radius
c. Diameter
d. Chord
e. Secant
f. Tangent
 SW #3.1: T/F ABOUT CIRCLES

Get ¼ sheet of intermediate paper (Don’t even try to ask if it is crosswise or

lengthwise).

Number your paper from 1-10.

Write the word “TRUE” the statement is TRUE, otherwise write the word “FALSE”.

You have 5 minutes to finish the SW.

THEORE
M 1:
All radii of a circle are
congruent.
THEORE
M 2:
In a circle, a radius perpendicular
to a chord bisects the chord.
EXAMPLE 2:
Given: Radius
 

and .

Solve and

Ans: and
EXAMPLE 3:

In a circle with radius 10 cm long, a chord

is 6 cm from the center. How long is the
chord?

Ans: Chord is 16 cm long.

 EXAMPLE 4:
Given:
 
Radii and
Prove:
EXAMPLE 5:

A chord is as long as its distance from the

center of the circle. A second chord of the
same circle is twice as long. How far is the
second chord from the center?

Ans: _____
 CONGRUENT CIRCLES
Congruent circles
 

are circles that

have congruent
radii.

B
 CHORDS AND
RADII

THEORE
M 3-4:
Chords of a circle or of congruent
circles are congruent, if and only if
the chords are equidistant from the
center(s).
EXAMPLE 6:
Given:
  with , , and . Find

Ans: 3
EXAMPLE 7:
Given:
  with Find the indicated
measures.
a. Given: . Find BC.

Ans:
 EXAMPLE 7:
Given:
  with Find the indicated
measures.

b. Given: . Find and .

Ans:
 EXAMPLE 8:
 is
a diameter of . Find the indicated
measures.

a. Given: bisects OR=12, and .

Find WX.

Ans:
 EXAMPLE 8:
 is
a diameter of . Find the indicated
measures.

b. Given: at W, , and OT=9. Find

VY

Ans:
PROPERTIES OF
TANGENTS Point of Tangency

A tangent of the circle

is a line which
intersects the circle in
one point.

Tangent
PROPERTIES OF TANGENTS
Theorem 5-6
A line is perpendicular to a radius at its
endpoint on the circle, IF AND ONLY IF the
line is tangent to the circle.
 EXAMPLE 9:
Given:
  is tangent to .
is a radius, OT=6 and PO=9.

Find PT.

Ans: units
PROPERTIES OF TANGENTS
Theorem 7
Tangent segments to a circle from the same point are
congruent.

*Tangent segment is a segment that joins the point of

tangency and another point on the tangent.
EXAMPL
E 10
 DEFINITIONS
If a circle is inscribed in a polygon, then
the sides of the polygon form tangent
segments.

A circumscribed polygon is a polygon

whose sides are tangent to a circle. The
polygon is circumscribed about the
circle, and the circle is inscribed in the
polygon.
EXAMPL
E 11
  
Example 12.
Given:
with circumscribed
triangle ABC and chord

and
Find
THE TRIANGLE IS
CIRCUMSCRIBED Ans: 40.
ABOUT THE CIRCLE.
COMMON TANGENT
A common tangent is a line that is tangent to each of
two coplanar circles.

A common tangent could tangent either

a. internally
b. externally.
 COMMON TANGENT
A common internal tangent is a
common tangent that intersects
the segment that joins the
center of the two circles.

A common external tangent is

a common tangent that does
not intersects the segment that
joins the center of the two
circles.
COPLANAR TANGENT
CIRCLES
Two coplanar circles are tangent to each other if
they are tangent to the same line at the same point.

Tangent Circles could either be:

a. Internally tangent
b. Externally tangent
 COPLANAR TANGENT
CIRCLES
Internally tangent circles are circles
where one circle is inside the other
and shares a common point(point of
tangency).

Externally tangent circles are circles

where each lies in the exterior of the
other and share a common
point(point of tangency).
EXAMPLE 13:

Given two circles that are externally tangent, how

many common internal tangents and how many
common external tangents can be drawn?
 EXAMPLE 14:
Given:
  .
are tangent to

Prove:
 EXAMPLE EXAMPLE
15. 16.
Four circles are arranged inside an
equilateral triangle as shown. If the
Solve for x. triangle has sides equal to 16 cm, what is
the radius of the bigger circle? 
QUIZ 3.1 CIRCLES: CHORDS
AND TANGENTS
 MEASURES OF ARCS
Objectives:

1. To find the degree measures of minor arcs, major

arcs, and semicircles.

2. To identify concentric circles.

 MEASURES OF ARCS
An arc is a portion on
 

the circle consisting of

two endpoints and all
the points on the circle
between these two
endpoints.
Notation:
 MEASURES OF ARCS
Definition: Congruent Arcs
 

In the same circle or in

congruent circles,
congruent arcs are arcs
that have the same
measure.
 Arcs and Angles of Circles
An arc is a portion on the A
circle consisting of two
endpoints and all the E B
points on the circle C
between these two
endpoints. D
If the end points of an arc are the
end points of a diameter, then the
arc is called a semicircle.
MINOR ARC AND MAJOR ARC
A minor arc is an arc that is less
than a semicircle.

A major arc is an arc that is more

than a semicircle.

Semicircle is neither minor nor

major arc.
 EXAMPLE 1: ARCS
S
Chord: line PQ
PRQ is part of the circumference
O which is called arc.

P Q The arc PRQ is called the minor arc and

the arc PSQ is called the major arc.
R
CENTRAL
ANGLES
 CENTRAL ANGLE
 
A central angle of a
circle is an angle
whose vertex is the
center of the circle.

is a central angle of
 Arcs and Angles of Circles

The degree measure of a

semicircle is 180.
E B
 
180 °
An entire circle has an arc 360 °
 
C
measure of 360.
D
Note: The degree measure of an arc
does not depend on the size of the
circle.
Definition: Degree measure of an Arc
A
The degree measure 𝑥°
 

of a minor arc is equal B 𝑥°

 

C
to the degree measure
of corresponding
central angle. D
 Definition: Degree measure of an Arc
A
The degree measure  
𝑥°
of a major arc is B  𝑥°
equal to 360 minus  
360 − 𝑥 ° C
the measure of the
corresponding minor 360 − 𝑥 °
 
D
arc.
DEGREE MEASURE
(SUMMARY)
The degree measure of a minor arc is the measure of the central
 
angle.

The degree measure of a major arc is minus the degree measure of

its corresponding central angle.

The degree measure of a semicircle is

Note: The degree measure of an arc does not depend on the size of
the circle.
 DEGREE MEASURE
Example 2
 

Given: Diameters AC and

BD.
Find:
 DEGREE MEASURE
Example 3
 

Given: .
Find .
 DEGREE MEASURE

Postulate 1: Arc Addition

 

Postulate

If C is a point on then
 DEGREE MEASURE
Example 4
 

Given: and

Find and
 DEGREE MEASURE
Example 5
 

Given: with tangent BC,

and .

Prove:
 THEORE
M8
In a circle or in
congruent circles,
congruent arcs
determine congruent
central angles and  
Given: and
congruent chords.
T and
 EXAMPLE 6:
Which chords are congruent?

Ans: Chords FC, EB, AB

THEOREM 9:
ARCS AND
CHORDS

In a circle or in
congruent circles,
congruent chords
determine congruent  
Given: and
central angles and
congruent arcs. T and
 THEORE
M 10
In a circle or in
congruent circles,
congruent central
angles determine
congruent chords and  Given: and
congruent arcs.
Tand
 DEGREE MEASURE
Example
  7

Given: Radii OA, OD and OC;

D bisects ; ;
and

Find: AC in terms of x
 EXAMPLE 8:
 

Given: Diameter AB of
with chord .

Prove:
 INSCRIBED ANGLE
An
  inscribed angle of a circle is an
angle whose vertex lies on a circle and
whose sides contain chords of the circle.

is inscribed in minor of .

intercepts major
 THEOREM 11: INSCRIBED ANGLES

The measure of an inscribed angle is   𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑐

one half the measure of its intercepted 𝛽=
2
arc.
 EXAMPLE 1:
 

Given: and

Find , and
COROLLARY 1: INSCRIBED
ANGLES
If two inscribed angles
 

intercept the same arc

(or congruent arcs),
then the angles are
congruent.
COROLLARY 2: INSCRIBED
ANGLES
An angle inscribed in a
 

a semicircle is a right
angle.
 COROLLARY 3: INSCRIBED
ANGLES
If two arcs of a semicircle are
 

included between parallel

secants, then the arcs are
congruent.
 EXAMPLE 2:
Given: Circle O with
 

diameter AC, BC is
parallel to AD and

Find
 COROLLARY 4: INSCRIBED
ANGLES
Opposite angles of an
 

inscribed quadrilateral
are supplementary.
 EXAMPLE 3:
Given: Circle O with
 

diameter AC, BC is
parallel to AD and

Find
CENTRAL AND INSCRIBED
ANGLES 𝑃  

o  An angle at the center of a

circle is twice that of any
angle at the circumference 𝑂
 

subtended by the same arc,

i.e.

𝐴
 
𝐵
 

oAngle at center = 2 x Angle of circumference

EXAMPLE:
𝐴
 

  and are four points on a circle with 37°

 

center . Given that is a diameter of

the circle and , find
𝐵
 

𝑂
 

(i) ,
(ii) .

𝐶
  𝐷
 
EXAMPLE:
𝑃
 

  and are four points on a circle with 28°

 

center . Given that is a diameter of

the circle and , find
𝑂
 

(i) 𝑄
 

(ii)

𝑆
  𝑅
 
EXAMPLE:
 Given that is the center of the circle
and , find the angles marked and .
𝑂   𝐶
 

 
𝑦
𝑥
 

35°
 

𝐴
 
𝐵
 
SEATWORK:
 Inthe figure, is the center of the
circle and and lie on the
circumference such that is a 𝑂
 

𝐶
 
straight line.

73°
 

Given that lies on the 𝐴

 
𝐵
 
𝑁
 

circumference such that , find the

obtuse angle .
EXAMPLE:
𝐶
 

  and are four points on a circle with 29°

   
𝑥 𝐵
 

center . Given that is a diameter of

the circle, is parallel to and , find 𝐷
 

the angles marked and . 𝑦 𝑂 

 

𝑧
 

𝐴
 
EXAMPLE: 𝑄
 

  and are four points on a circle with

𝑋
  𝑅
 

center . Given that is a diameter of

the circle, is parallel to and , find 𝑃
 

50°
 

(i) 𝑂
 
𝑆
 

(ii)
(iii)
CENTRAL AND INSCRIBED
ANGLES 𝑄  

o  Angles of the same 𝑃

 
𝑅
 

intercepted arc are equal, i.e.

𝐴
 
𝐵
 

oAngles in same intercepted arc are equal

 CENTRAL AND INSCRIBED
ANGLES
o  In the figure P, Q, R and S are
points on the circumference of 𝑃
 

the circle. PST and QRT are 𝑆

 
𝑇
 

straight lines, and .

 
oFind: 102
oi)
 
74 𝑅
 

oii) 𝑄
 

oiii)
 ANGLES FORMED BY
SECANTS
Objectives:

To apply measurement
properties for angles
formed by two secants.
ANGLES FORMED BY SECANTS

Theorem 11: Inscribed Angles (recap) Case 1

The measure of an inscribed angle is one half the measure of its intercepted arc.
 ANGLES FORMED BY
SECANTS
Theorem 12 (case 2)

The measure of an angle formed by

two secants intersecting in the interior
of a circle is one half the sum of the
measures of the arcs intercepted by
the angle and its vertical angles.
 
m^
𝐴𝐵+𝑚 ^
𝐷𝐶
𝛼=
2
 EXAMPLE 1:
Given: Circle O, , and
 

Find .

Ans: 47
 EXAMPLE 2:
Given: Circle O, and
 

Find

Ans: 170
 ANGLES FORMED BY
SECANTS
Theorem 13 (Case 3)
The measure of an angle
formed by two secants
intersecting in the
exterior of a circle is one
half the difference of the
measures of the  
𝛽=
m^
𝐴 𝐷− 𝑚 𝐵
^ 𝐶
intercepted arcs. 2
 EXAMPLE 3:
Given:
 
Circle O,
,
and
.
Find.

Ans: 120
 TANGENTS, SECANTS AND
ANGLES

Theorem 14: S-A-T 1

The measure of an angle
formed by a secant and a
tangent intersecting at the
point of tangency is one half
the measure of the
intercepted arc.  
𝑚^
𝐵𝐸𝐶
𝛼=
2
 EXAMPLE 4:
 

Given: Circle O, tangent YZ

and . Find .

Ans: 62
 TANGENTS, SECANTS AND
ANGLES

Theorem 15: S-A-T 2

The measure of an angle
formed by a secant and a
tangent intersecting in the
exterior of a circle is one half
the difference of the measures
of the intercepted arcs.  
𝑚^
𝐴𝐸𝑋 − 𝑚 ^
𝐴𝐶
𝛽=
2
 EXAMPLE 5:
 

Given: Circle O, tangent YZ

and and . Find .

Ans: 52
 TANGENTS, SECANTS AND
ANGLES

Theorem 16: S-A-T 3

The measure of an angle
formed by two tangents to
the same circle is one half
the difference of the
measures of the intercepted
arcs.  
𝑚^
𝐴𝐸𝑋 − 𝑚 ^
𝐴𝑋
𝛽=
2
 EXAMPLE 6:
 

Given: Circle O, tangents

XY and AY, and
Find.

Ans:
 EXAMPLE 7:
 

Solve for x and y.

Ans:
 EXAMPLE 8:
 

Solve for x and y.

Ans:
GROUP ACTIVITY
S
U
M
M
A
R
Y
CIRCLES AND ANGLE
MEASURES
CASE 1
CASE 2

CHORDS AND ARCS

CASE 3
QUIZ #2: ANGLES- CENTRAL,
INSCRIBED, TANGENTS,
SECANTS

GOOD LUCKB   
 THE POWER THEOREMS

Secant Segments
If a segment intersects a
circle in two points, and
exactly one of these is an end
point of the segment, then
the segment is called secant
segment.  
are secant segments
 THE POWER
THEOREMS
Theorem 17: 2CPT
Two-Chord Power Theorem

If two chords of a circle

intersect, then the product of
the lengths of the segments of
one chord equals the product
of the lengths of the segments
of the other.
 
´   𝑃𝐵=
𝐴𝑃∙ ´   𝑃𝐷
´ 𝐶𝑃∙ ´
THE POWER
THEOREMS
 
Example #1
 THE POWER
THEOREMS
Theorem 18: (2SPT)
Two-Secant Power Theorem

If two secants intersect in the exterior

of a circle, then the product of the
lengths of one secant segment and its
external secant segment equals the
product of the lengths of the other
secant segment and its external secant
 
segment.
 THE POWER
THEOREMS
Example #2

Given:
AB=10, BC=6, CD=8
Find DE.
 THE POWER
THEOREMS
Theorem 19: (TSPT)
Tangent-Secant Power Theorem

If a tangent and a secant intersect

in the exterior of a circle, then the
square of the length of the tangent
segment equals the product of the
lengths of the secant segment and
its external secant segment.  
¿¿
THE POWER
THEOREMS
Example #3

Given:
PB=2, AB=4,
PD=x
Solve for x.
THE POWER
THEOREMS
Example #4

A tangent and a secant intersect in the exterior of

a circle. The tangent segment is 10 cm long and
the secant segment is 25 cm long. Find the length
of the external secant segment.
SOLVE FOR
X AND Y
ANS: 15: 13
GROUP ACTIVITY
Activity
CIRCUMFERENCE AND
AREA OF A CIRCLE
Objectives:

To apply the formula of the

circumference of a circle.

To apply the formula of the area of a

circle.
 CIRCUMFERENCE OF A
CIRCLE
Definition:

The circumference of a circle is the

limit of the perimeters inscribed
regular polygons of the circle as the
number of sides of the polygons
increases indefinitely.
 CIRCUMFERENCE OF A
CIRCLE
Theorem 20

For all circles, the ratio of the

circumference to the length of
a diameter is the same.
 CIRCUMFERENCE OF A
CIRCLE
Corollary
 

If c is the circumference of a
circle with a diameter of
length d and a radius of length
r, then
CIRCUMFERENCE OF A
CIRCLE
Example 1.
 

If the circumference of a
circle is , find the length of a
radius.
 ARC
LENGTHS
Theorem 21
 

If the degree measure of an arc is

and the length of a radius is then the
length of the arc is given by the
formula

or
 ARC
LENGTHS
Example 2
 

Find the length of if

and OS= 2 cm

Ans.
 ARC
LENGTHS
Example 3
 

Find the length of if

and OS= 2 cm

Ans.
 ARC
LENGTHS
 

Example 4

Given: Circle O with diameter RP, RP=16, and .

Find the length of

Ans.
 ARC
LENGTHS
Example 5
 

Given: Circle O with lengths and

Find and .

Ans. and
AREA OF A CIRCLE
Definition:

A circular region is the

union of a circle and its
interior.
AREA OF A CIRCLE
Definition:

A area of a circle is the limit

of the areas of the inscribed
regular polygons.
AREA OF A CIRCLE

What is the formula for the area of the circle?

 AREA OF A CIRCLE
Theorem 21
 

A area of a circle of radius r is

.
AREA OF A CIRCLE
Example 2.
 

The area of a circle is . Find

the length of a diameter.

Ans.
AREA OF A CIRCLE
Example 3.
 

Find the area of a circle if the

circumference is .

Ans.
 AREA OF A CIRCLE
Example
  4

Regular hexagon ABCDEF is inscribed

in circle O, AO=1. Find the area of the
shaded region in terms of .

Ans.
 AREA OF A CIRCLE
 
Example 5

Each circle is tangent to the square.

All are . AB= 2.

Ans.
 AREA OF A CIRCLE
Example 6

Given a square with a side of length 10, find the rea of the
region bounded by its inscribed and circumscribed circles.

Ans.
 AREA OF A CIRCLE
Assignment
The semicircles drawn in the
figure have as diameters the sides
of right triangle ABC. x,y,z,b, and
c are the areas of the regions, as
shown. Prove that x+y=z
 AREAS OF SECTORS AND
SEGMENTS
Objectives

To find the area of a sector and a

segment of a circle.

To find the area of the ring

bounded by two concentric circles.
 AREAS OF SECTORS AND
SEGMENTS
Definition

A sector of a circle is the region

bounded by two radii of the circle
and the arc determined by the
radii.
 SECTOR
S The part of a circle enclosed by any
two radii of a circle and an arc is called
a sector.
O The region enclosed by radii OP and
OQ and the minor arc PRQ is called a
P Minor Q minor sector of the circle.
sector
R
 SECTOR The part of a circle enclosed by any
S two radii of a circle and an arc is called
a sector.
Major sector
O The region enclosed by radii OP and
OQ and the minor arc PRQ is called a
P Minor Q minor sector of the circle.
sector
The region enclosed by radii OP and
R OQ and the major arc PSQ is called a
major sector of the circle.
 AREAS OF SECTORS AND
SEGMENTS
Theorem 22: Area of Sector
 

In a circle, the area of a sector

bounded by an arc of measure
and radii of length r is given by
the formula,
 AREAS OF SECTORS AND
SEGMENTS
 Example 1

The length of a radius of a circle

is 8. The arc of a sector of the
circle measures . Find the area of
the sector.

Ans:
 AREAS OF SEGMENTS
Definition

A segment of a circle is a region

bounded by an arc of the circle
and the chord determined by the
arc.
 SEGMENTS
S
Chord PQ divides the circle into two
Major
segments. segment
The region enclosed by the chord PQ O
and the minor arc PRQ is called a
minor segment. P Q
The region enclosed by the chord PQ
and the major arc PSQ is called Minor R
major segment. segment
 AREAS OF SECTORS AND
SEGMENTS
Example 2
 

The length of a radius of a circle is 10 cm. Find the area

of a segment bounded by an arc measuring and the
corresponding chord.

Ans:
 AREAS OF SECTORS AND
SEGMENTS
Example 3
 

Find the area of the ring

bounded by two concentric
circles with 8-cm and 5-cm radii.

Ans:
 EXAMPLE 4
In the figure, is the center of a circle
 

of radius and .
O
A 9𝑐𝑚
 

Find the perimeter of the shaded 150 °

 

region, giving your answer in the

form , where and are rational B
numbers. X
 EXAMPLE 5
The figure shows the design of a logo
 

in which a sector has been removed

from the circle, center and radius cm. P
O
X 50 °
 

𝑟 𝑐𝑚
 

Given that the length of the major arc Q

is cm and , find the value of .
 EXAMPLE 4
In the figure, is the center of a circle
 

of radius . The points and lie on the

circumference of the circle and is a
straight line. O
45°
 

8 𝑐𝑚
 
P
Given that and is perpendicular to ,
find the perimeter of the shaded R Q
region .
 EXAMPLE 5
The figure shows a sector of a circle
 

of radius . Given that the angle at the 𝑚

center of the circle is , find the 𝑐
0 80 °
 
 
1
perimeter of the sector.
In the figure, is the minor arc of a circle with center
 

and radius cm. is a semicircle with as its diameter

and as its center. is a right-angled triangle with and .

B
 
Find
(i) the length of A
(ii) the perimeter of the shaded P R 45°
 
Q
region.

𝑐𝑚
35  
O
EXAM
PLE 6
EXAMPLE 7
In the figure, is a trapezoid in which is parallel to , ,
 

and . is an arc of a circle center and is an arc of a

circle center . .

 
(i) Find. A P
D
19cm
 
95°
(ii) Hence, find the 15cm
area of the shaded
region. B C
 EXAMPLE 8
Calculate:

i. the length of the arc AB

ii. The area of the shaded segment
iii. The area of triangle BOC
iv. The length of BC