MATHEMATICS 10

School Year 2020-2021

Quarter 1
Session 4
Geometric Series
 OBJECTIVES
At the end of the session, you are
expected to:

• determine the sum of the terms of a

finite or infinite geometric sequence;
• solve problems involving sum of the
terms of geometric sequences.
“Balik Eskwela, Balik Tulong”
 Problem
A school has started its first virtual Brigada Eskwela
amid the COVID-19 pandemic. To ensure the health and
safety of students and teachers, the school needs materials
and supplies like thermal scanners, cleaning tools and
disinfectants, disinfectant sprays, face masks, rubber gloves,
and hygiene kits.
In support for the school’s safety measures, the school
alumni association launched its “Balik Eskwela, Balik Tulong”
program and called on all alumni for voluntary donations in-
kind or in-cash. Daniela, an alumna, responded to the call
and saved money for 8 days starting July 1 in this manner:
₱1 on July 1, ₱2 on July 2, ₱4 on July 3, and so on.

 Describe the way Daniela saved money. How do you

determine the next amount she will save?
 How much money will she save on the 8th day?
 How much money in all will she have after 8 days?
 1  2  4  ...  128
geometric series
A geometric series is the
indicated sum of the terms of a
geometric sequence.
sum of the first n terms of a
geometric sequence:

Sn 

a1 1  r n
, r 1
1r
a1  an r
Sn  , r 1
1r
Example 1: Find the sum of the
geometric series
3 + 6 + 12 + 24 + 48

Solution 1: S5 

3 1 2 5
  93
1 2

3   48  2
Solution 2: S5   93
1 2
Example 2: Find the sum of the
first eight terms of the geometric
sequence
1, 2, 4, 8, …

Solution:

S8 
 8
1 1 2   255
1 2
Example 3: Find the sum of the
geometric series
2  2  2  ...  2
10 terms
Solution:

S10  10  2  20
If r =1, then
Sn  na1
Example 4: Find the sum of the
geometric series
 2  2

2  
2  ...  2 
2
10 terms

Solution:
S10   2  2   2  2   2  2   2  2   2  2  0  0  0  0  0

S10  0
If r  1 and the number of terms is even,

Sn  0
Example 5: Find the sum of the
geometric series
2 

2  2  2 

...  2  2 
 2
11 terms
S10   2 2   2 2   2 2   22   2 2  2  0 0  0 0 0 2  2

S11  2
If r  1 and the number of terms is odd,

Sn  a1
Formulas for the sum of a finite
geometric series:
a1 1  r n  a1  anr
 or , if r  1
Sn   1  r 1r
na , if r  1
 1
In particular, if r  1,
0 if n is even
Sn   .
a1 if n is odd
Formula for the sum of an
infinite geometric series

a
S  1
1  r

where  1  r  1
sum to infinity
Example 6: Find the sum of the
geometric series
100  60  36  21.6  ...
Solution:

100
S  250
1 3
5
Example 7: What is the sum to
infinity of
1  1  1  1  ...
2 4 8 16
Solution:
1
S 2 1
1 1
2
Example 8: What is the sum of
the infinite geometric series
2  4  8 16  ...?
Solution:
Since r  2 and 2 is not in  1  r  1,

then the sum of the infinite geometric series

does not exist.
Example 9: Find the sum of the infinite
geometric series
5  25 125  625  ...
Solution:

Since r  5 and  5 is not in  1  r  1,

then the sum of the infinite geometric
series does not exist.
Whenever the common ratio of an
infinite geometric series is not
between -1 and 1, which means
that
r  1 or r   1,
we say that the sum of the infinite
geometric series does not exist.
Example 10: A ball is dropped from a
height of 10 meters. Each time it hits the
ground, it rebounds to a height of half the
distance from which it fell. What is the total
distance travelled by the ball before it comes
to rest?
Downward series:
5 5 5
10  5     ...
2 4 8
Upward series:
5 5 5
5     ...
2 4 8
Combining the two series,

 5 5 5
total distance = 10  2 5     ...
2 4 8 
 5 
 10  2   30
1  1 
 2
Thus, the total distance travelled by the
ball is 30 meters.
 Praktis pa more!
1. What is the sum of the first 10
terms of the geometric sequence
1, 3, 9, 27, … ?

2. What is the sum of the infinite

geometric series
1  1  1  1  ...?
3 9 27
Thank you!